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Désir, Philippe. "Psychopathologie de la parentification : approche psychodynamique et transculturelle." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05H024.
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Le mécanisme de parentification est une notion peu connue en France et a fait l'objet de peu d'études qualitatives ou transculturelles. L'objet de cette recherche est d'enrichir la compréhension de ce mécanisme par l'exploration des mécanismes psychiques le sous-tendant selon une approche psychodynamique et transculturelle. S'appuyant sur quinze suivis d'enfants et d'adolesents entre 8 et 19 ans (huit sont des enfants évoluant dans un contexte transculturel et sept sotn nés de parents français), ayant eu lieu dans quatre lieux de consultations (CMP adultes, CMP enfants, Lieux de consultations pour adolescents) et dans quatre villes (Trappes, Paris, Versailles, Villeneuve-saint-Georges), la clinique a permis de préciser la parentificaiton en ces termes: il s'agit d'une organisation défensive à la fois familiale et intrapsychique, renvoyant à un trouble des représentations culturelles, où l'enfant est mis en position de parent ou de pair suite à une impossibilité de réorganisation psychique du parent après un évènement traumatique (transgénérationnel ou non). La parentification vise à une régulation et une réparation narcissique du parent, au prix d'une organisation en faux self de l'enfant. Quatre modalités intimement liées ont été dégagées: La parentification toute-puissante, culpabilisante/honteuse, savante et altruiste. Nous discutons enfin l'idée d'accompagner thérapeutiquement le parentifié et sa famille dans une démarche d'historicisation, d'expérimentation d'experiences vraies et de penser et panser les clivages culturels et /ou psychiques, dans un environnement affectif et thérapeutique stable où la rencontre avec l'Autre puisse être possibleThe mechanism of parentification is a concept little known in France and was the subject of few qualitative or transcultural studies. The object of this research is to enrich the comprehension of this mechanism by the exploration of the psychic mechanisms underlying it according to a psychodynamic and transcultural approach. Being based on fifteenth cases of children and teenqgers between 8 and 19 years (eight are children evolving in a transcultural context and seven were born French parents), having taken place in 4 cities (Trappes, Paris, Versailles, Villeneuve-Saint-Georges), the clinic resulted in specifying the parentification in these terms: the parentification is, at the same time, a family and an intrapsychic defensive organization, returning to a disorder of the cultural representations, where the child is put in position of parent or peer following an impossibility of psychic reorganization of the relative after a traumatic event (cross-generational or not). The parentification aims at a regulation and a narcissistic repair of the parent, at the price of a "faux-self" organization. Four types closely dependent were discovered: omnipotent, guilty/ashamed, erudite and altruistic parentification. We discuss finally the idea to accompany parentified child and its family to initiate a process of "historicisation", experimentation of true experiments, and to think and bandage cultural and/or psychic splitting, in an emotional and stable therapeutic environment where the meeting with the Other can be possible
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Ninahazimana, Adrien. "Etude du processus de parentification chez les enfants burundais." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20135/document.
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Ce travail porte sur le processus de parentification des enfants au Burundi. Il s’inscrit dans un contexte de dislocations familiales multiformes dues à des situations de crises sociopolitiques cycliques souvent à caractère ethnique et politique. Son objectif est de comprendre comment ce processus se met en place, quels sont ses effets sur les enfants parentifiés, et quel dispositif d’accompagnement faut-il envisager. 14 enfants et adolescents âgés de 7 à 17 ans, 7 parents et 1 éducatrice dans un orphelinat ont été rencontrés, à travers essentiellement l’entretien semi-directif et le modelage pour les enfants âgés de 7 à10 ans. Les résultats de notre recherche révèlent que le processus de parentification se présente chez les enfants burundais sous trois aspects principaux : l’exercice de l’autorité parentale, le maternage et le soutien affectif au parent fragilisé. Les enfants parentifiés assument beaucoup de responsabilités qui dépassent leur niveau de développement physique et psychique. Ces multiples responsabilités les empêchent d’avoir le temps de s’amuser comme les autres enfants, mais aussi les empêchent d’avoir de bons résultats scolaires. La parentification des adolescents dits « chefs de ménages » correspond à une sorte de résilience pour pouvoir survivre. Pour y arriver, ils disposent des ressources notamment les images, les paroles, les souhaits hérités des parents constituent des éléments d’étayage sur lesquels ces adolescents s’appuient pour pouvoir prendre en charge leurs fratries. Nos analyses qualitatives montrent que les enfants parentifiés exercent une parentalité précoce. Ils occupent une place parentale sans y être préparés et n’ont pas pu vivre tout ce qu’un enfant peut vivreThis work concerns the process of parentification of Burundian children. It occurs in a context of family breakdown due to varied situations following the recurring sociopolitical crises mostly with ethnic and political backgrounds. The thesis aims at understanding how the process takes place, what are its effects on parentified children and which kind of support mechanism could be of some help to them. 14 children and adolescents aged 7 to 17, 7 parents and 1 orphanage educator were met, trough essentially the semi-structured interview and the modeling for children 7- 10 years- old. The results of our research reveal that the parentification process for Burundian children is experienced in three ways: exercising parental authority, carering for other children, and providing affective support for frail parents. Parentified children assume many responsibilities that are beyond their age and their level of physical and psychological development. These multiple responsibilities prevent them from having time to care for themselves as children, but also lead to their school education failure. Parentification for so-called “heads of households” teenagers constitutes a resilience mechanism for survival. To achieve this, they resort to different resources, including images, words and wishes inherited from their late parents which provide them with the strength to raise their siblings. Our qualitative analyzes show that parentified children experience early parenthood. They assume a parental position for which they are not prepared but also they miss their own childhood
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Johnson, Darrell R. "Mother-son interactions predictive of high parentification self-reported by adolescent sons." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ51954.pdf.
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Krausz, Pessy. "A study of the relationship between parentification and managerial behaviours in Israeli organisations." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492064.
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This study of workplace stress in an Israeli managerial population examines, for the fIrst time, the hypothesis that parentifIcation remains an issue for parentifIed adults, and contributes to underlying stress in organisational life, particularly for managers. As a result, scales to measure this virgin territory to examine the links between parentifIcation and managerial stress were selected by extrapolating upon parentifIcation concepts present in relevant literature and observed in clinical practice. illtimately, this author created the Dialectical Model of ParentifIcation (DMP) to transpose parentifIcation dynamics to the workplace, and thus expanded upon approaches found in existing literature. ParentifIcation describes the impact upon children of being forced to assume responsibilities traditionally reserved for adults, without appropriate recognition of their efforts. This destructive role reversal leaves the children's own needs neglected and causes them to suffer short and long-term stress. However, having undertaken age inappropriate responsibilities these children also acquire valuable skills, leading to the hypothesis, explored in this study, that RarentifIcation may have some positive long-term benefIts. A cohort of 120 managers and a control group of 120 non-managers completed a questionnaire assessing parentifIcation dynamics in relation to workplace stress. Though the population examined was pri':llarily a healthy, non-pathological one, nevertheless, statistical analysis revealed that higher parentifIcation levels predicted increased stress for managers in comprehending and managing their role. This stress was also reflected in interpersonal relationships and in inappropriate expressions of anger. Notably, WOIllen suffered more stress than men. A post-quantitative data training programme (MADI), based on clinical and quantitative data and selected research scales was designed by this author to reduce management stress for those in the helping professions who are, in general, highly parentifIed. Further systematic research is necessary to assess its apparent success. This study indicates that awareness of effects of parentifIcation, and its influence on workplace stress, could enable organisations to support their employees more effectively, and in so doing, create a more productive environment.
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Benitez, Christine Paras. "Maternal parentification of siblings in families with or without a child with a developmental disability." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2676.
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The lives of family members of a child with a developmental disability are typically influenced by acute as well as chronic stressful events. These families are compared to families of typically developing children. In order for a family with a child with a developmental disability to function as effectively as possible, it may be necessary to renegotiate and reassign traditional family roles of parent, spouse, brother and sister.
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Chun, Kathryn Malia. "Adolescent older siblings of children with Sickle Cell Disease : parent-child interaction, "parentification," and peer relationships /." Connect to CIFA website:, 2005. http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/pdwerner/cifa1.htm.
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Molisa, Meier. "The Development, Psychometric Analyses and Correlates of a New Self-Report Measure on Disorganization and Role Reversal." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33161.
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There is a void of existing measures assessing young adults’ perceptions of childhood disorganized and controlling attachment. The current research project aimed to fill this gap by developing a convenient self-report measure, the Childhood Disorganization and Role Reversal Scale (CDRR: Meier & Bureau, 2012), which comprehensively assesses for the complexity of those attachment constructs in young adults. The CDRR is a novel measure as it assesses the unique attachment representations of mother-child and father-child relationships. This research project had three main objectives. The first objective was the development of the CDRR. It was guided by the recommendations of various scholars in scale development using classical measurement theory. The items of the CDRR were informed by the attachment and family systems literature. The factor structure of the CDRR was determined through conducting principal components analyses (PCA). The second objective, constituting Study 1, aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the CDRR, namely, its structural stability, internal reliability, temporal reliability, convergent and discriminant validity and criterion-related validity. Lastly, the third objective, involving Study 2, sought to provide further support for the validity of the CDRR. It accomplished this goal by exploring the associations of the CDRR to psychological outcomes consistent with the attachment literature, namely, problems in the separation-individuation process, unresolved feelings towards caregiver, and current psychological well-being.
The results of the PCA revealed a four-factor structure for both CDRR parent versions. The CDRR mother version includes the Disorganization/Punitive, Mutual Hostility, Affective Caregiving, and Appropriate Boundaries scales, while the CDRR father version includes the Disorganization, Affective Caregiving, Appropriate Boundaries, and Punitive scales. Overall, support was provided for the psychometric properties of the CDRR. The CDRR scales demonstrated adequate structural stability, internal consistency, temporal reliability and various forms of validity. Generally, the disorganized and controlling scales were positively related to problematic separation-individuation, unresolved feelings towards caregivers and psychological problems. It is hoped the CDRR will assist researchers in broadening the understanding of psychological outcomes of disorganized and controlling attachment representations in young adulthood.
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Truhan, Tayler. "Differences in Parentification of Children and Adolescents in Two-Parent Military Families Versus One-Parent Military Families Due to Deployment." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1647.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in parentification in military families with a deployed parent and without a deployed parent. Previous research has highlighted increased rates of parentification in situations involving parental absence or unavailability, such as divorce, parental illness, parental alcoholism, and domestic violence. This construct was assessed using the Parentification Questionnaire - Youth, a 20 item self-report survey for children and adolescents. Participants consisted of 22 children, ages 7-17, from military families with a deployed parent and military families without a deployed parent. After removing two statistical outliers from the intact military families group, an independent samples t-test was conducted. It was found that there was a significant difference between military families with a deployed parent and military families without a deployed parent. Military families with a deployed parent had higher rates of parentification than military families without a deployed parent. Limitations include a small sample size due to time constraints, the possible presence of one or both parents during the questionnaire, and lack of control groups. Future research should include a larger sample size, increase the comparison to more family groups (i.e. civilian, divorced, separated by work), and assess possible positive or negative impacts of parentification on military children from families separated by deployment.B.S.
Bachelors
Psychology
Sciences
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Begni, Isidora. "Therapists : from family to clients." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/621874.
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As a paradigm of a wounded healer, parentified therapists may be gifted with therapeutic talents, but also with related vulnerabilities that may have a significant influence on their therapeutic practice. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to explore the impact of parentification on therapeutic practice, especially on the therapeutic skills of empathy and boundary settings. For this purpose, a mixed method design was employed in which 38 trainee psychologists provided self-report data on the constructs of parentification measured by parentification questionnaire (Jurkovic, 1997), empathy, measured by Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis, 1980), and boundary settings, measured by Exploitation Index (Epstein, 1990) in a survey study, while 4 trainee psychologists were interviewed in a separate study. First, the quantitative data were analysed to assess the existence of possible relationships among the variables of parentification, empathy and boundary transgressions by a regression analysis. The results offered significant suggestions for the predictive power of parentification in regard to empathy and boundary transgressions. Following this, a qualitative study analysed the interviews with the 4 trainees using thematic analysis to explore the above relationships and provided a deeper insight, especially for their therapeutic utility. Combining the findings, the current study supported that parentification may first of all catalyse the choice of a psychologist's profession, well as the choice of the psychotherapeutic approach. In regard to the interpersonal skills, parentification may positively impact the development of enhanced levels of empathy, boundary flexibility, and creativity. On the other hand, parentification may also negatively impact on practitioners by making them more vulnerable to enmeshed therapeutic relationships. Especially in the case of destructive parentification, professional support may be needed to minimise the risk for enmeshed relationships, by increasing self-care and self-other differentiation. Clinical implications for parentified therapists were also discussed.
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Andsager, Kaylee. "Perceptions of boundary ambiguity and parentification effects on family satisfaction, family support, and perceived stress in young adults of divorced families." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19008.
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Master of ScienceSchool of Family Studies and Human Services
Amber Vennum
Using a sample of 109 students at a Midwestern university with divorced or separated parents I explored a) how sibling order and young adults’ age at parental divorce or separation impacted their experience of boundary ambiguity, parentification, stress, and family satisfaction and support, b) whether parentification mediated the effects of boundary ambiguity on stress, family support and family satisfaction, and c) whether sibling order moderated the relationship between these variables. I found that the child’s age at parental divorce/separation was positively correlated with boundary ambiguity, and negatively correlated with parentification, stress, family satisfaction, and social support. First or only children reported higher rates of parentification, specifically taking on a spousal role with their parents than younger siblings. Further, in divorced/separated families boundary ambiguity was positively related to young adults’ stress and negatively related to their levels of family satisfaction and family support both directly and indirectly through parentification. However, sibling order was not found to moderate the relationships between boundary ambiguity, parentification, family support, family satisfaction, and stress. Implications for theory and intervention are discussed.
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Weisshaar, Deborah Lynn. "The Therapist's Experience of Feeling in Too Deep with a Client: A Phenomenological Exploration." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11282007-110529/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. Gregory J. Jurkovic, committee chair; Leslie C. Jackson, Marolyn C. Wells, Roderick J. Watts, committee members. Electronic text (159 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Jan. 28, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-149).
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Opolski, Melissa Jo. "Superachieving, withdrawing, acting-out, and parentification : coping styles, stress, and wellbeing in a sample of adolescent siblings of people with down syndrome /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpso619.pdf.
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Giles, Sunnie. "The Impact of Parentification on Depression Moderated by Self-Care: A Multiple Group Analysis by Gender for South Korea and the U.S." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4188.
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Parentification, the process of role reversal between parent and child, has long-term deleterious consequences. Using 500 men and 501 women, ranging from 18 years to 55 years old, residing in Korea and the U.S., this study examined the relationship of parentification experienced during childhood and depression in adulthood. The moderating impact of gender and self-care was examined in both the Korean and U.S. samples. Multiple-group analysis showed that the relationship between parentification and depression was statistically significant in all groups (U.S., Korean, male, and female), and self-care was negatively linked to depression. However, self-care did not moderate the relationship between parentification and depression in any of the groups. Further analysis using mixture modeling revealed that there were two distinct classes. The majority class, comprising 94.4% of the sample, contained the individuals who practiced more self-care and were more depressed than those in the other class and showed a significant moderation effect of self-care in the association between parentification and depression in the expected direction. However, the minority class, comprising 5.6% of the sample, contained the individuals who practiced less self-care and were less depressed than those in the majority class and showed a signification moderation effect of self-care in the opposite direction with much greater effect sizes enough to negate the moderation effect from the majority class. In other words, self-care appeared to worsen the relationship between parentification and depression for those in the minority class. Implications for therapy are discussed.
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Petrowski, Catherine Elizabeth. "Familial Caregiving, Role Reversal, and Social Ties: Experiences of Young Women with Mothers with Mental Illness." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1424802738.
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Giles, Sunnie. "The Effects of Parentification, Attachment, Family-of-Origin Dysfunction and Health on Depression: A Comparative Study between Gender and the Ethnic Groups of South Koreans and Caucasian Americans." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3410.
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Parentification is a process where children or adolescents assume adult roles before they are emotionally or developmentally ready, which, in turn, disrupts the development of healthy, secure attachment in childhood. Using 1,001 men and women from South Korea and the United States with equal division between males and females and multiple group comparison technique in structural equation modeling, this paper examined the relationship between parentification during childhood and depression during adulthood. It explores the cross-sectional long-term effects of parentification into adulthood, using a retrospective survey technique. This study also confirmed previous research findings that attachment, physical health and family-of-origin dysfunction, parental addiction in particular, significantly predict depression. This study is one of the few studies, using clinical data, that allows a direct comparison between different sample groups in two different countries and by gender.
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Christie, Emma. "The experience of young carers in the context of a range of parental conditions : physical disability, mental health problems and substance misuse." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/467.
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The current study set out to explore the affect and significance of differing parental conditions on the experiences commonly reported by young carers. Previous studies on young caring have reflected on the impacts of caring for parents with particular `types' of conditions (normally physical disability or mental health problems) or a specific diagnosis. However, these have not contrasted or discriminated young carers' experiences according to different parental conditions. To address this gap in knowledge, the current study considered the experiences of young carers supporting parents with different `types' of conditions, namely physical disability, mental health problems and substance misuse. The participants discussed the impact of caring on a range of areas such as their education, social life, health, spatial transitions, relationships and role reversals. Additionally, definitional issues were considered. This included young carers own understanding and subscription to the term `young carer' and the significance of this to their identification. In terms of methodology, the study was firmly grounded within the qualitative domain and influenced by a constructive-interpretive paradigm, specifically symbolic interactionism. Within this, the grounded theory approach was used insofar as it provided a method to conduct the study. A range of data-collection techniques were employed. Semi-structured interviewing was the principal method used, with additional data gathered through a self-esteem tool, observations and diaries. The sample consisted of 30 young carers. The results showed firstly that the participants did not necessarily comprehend the term `young carer' or apply it to their own caring roles at home. Arguably, this contributed to their `hidden-ness' (i. e. invisibility) and as a result their needs were overlooked. The need for a new definition which embraces their understandings, together with appropriate awareness-raising programmes within schools and for key social care and health professionals was evidenced and called for. Secondly, whilst the participants shared common experiences regardless of the nature of the parental condition, other issues reported were specific to particular situations. Those most adversely affected were caring in the contexts of parental substance misuse or parental mental health problems. Such young carers were dually disadvantaged, as they experienced the most extreme difficulties, yet their caring roles and needs were least likely to be addressed. The experiential differences reported by young carers in different caring contexts have important practice implications. Nevertheless, the extent to which the experiences reported could be wholly attributed to the caring role, rather than other structural and socio-economic factors was questionable.
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Wolfgramm, Mallory Rebecca. "Implicit Family Process Rules Specific to Eating-Disordered Families." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6266.
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Family environment is a significant factor in the development of eating disorders in young-adult females. Clinical experience, research and theories about eating disorders indicate that constrictive implicit process rules within a family are correlated with eating-disordered families. This study identified implicit family process rules that are unique to eating-disordered families and how well these rules predict membership in eating-disordered and non-eating-disordered families. One hundred and two families (51 eating-disordered and 51 comparison families) participated in the study. Mothers, fathers, young-adult female children, and siblings in each family completed the Family Implicit Rules Profile (FIRP). The design included cluster analysis of all 85 rules to determine which implicit rules clustered in eating-disordered families, and discriminant analysis to determine how well the rules from the cluster analysis predicted membership in the groups of eating-disordered vs. control families. Results indicated that two clusters emerged related to eating-disordered families. The first included rules regarding inappropriate protection of parents (ex. "Protect your parent even if they do not deserve it"), not upsetting or inconveniencing parents, the triangulation of a child (eg.. "Listen to a parent when they complain about the other parent"), avoiding pain at any cost, and blaming self for others' anger. Cluster 2 included rules about appearances (eg,. "Do whatever you have to do to look good to others") and rules about keeping family matters private. Discriminant analysis showed that these 15 implicit family rules predicted membership in either the eating-disordered or the non-eating-disordered family groups with 93% accuracy. Implications for family therapy are discussed.
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Carlsson, Sanna, and Anna-Karin Nilsson. "Mäns upplevelser av att växa upp med en missbrukande förälder : En litteraturstudie av självbiografier." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för hälsa och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-36473.
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Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka mäns erfarenheter och upplevelser av att växa upp med en missbrukande förälder som har ett substans- eller spelmissbruk. I denna kvalitativa uppsats har fyra självbiografier analyserats genom tematisk analys. Resultatet för uppsatsen påvisar att männen som barn tog en föräldraroll på olika sätt i sina respektive familjer. Vidare visar resultatet att männen som barn hittade olika sätt för att få en paus från sin vardag. Det som även var gemensamt för barnen var att de hade sina missbrukande föräldrar i fokus, vilket i sin tur ledde till att deras egna känslor och behov hamnade i skymundan. Resultatet av uppsatsen påvisade även att det uppstod konsekvenser för dem som barn när de växte upp med en missbrukande förälder. Dessa följder omfattade både emotionella och praktiska aspekter.The purpose of this study was to examine men´s experiences of growing up with an addicted parent who is a substance or gamble addict. In this qualitative study, four autobiographies were analysed by thematic analysis. The results show that the men as children was given a parental role in their families because of the circumstances with an addicted parent. Further, the results show that the men as children found different strategies to get a pause from their daily life. The children always had their addicted parent in focus which led to their own feelings and needs being shaded. The results in this study also demonstrated that growing up with an addicted parent led to emotional and practical consequences.
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Forsman, Stina, and Lina Nordenstedt. "”Är det någon som känner igen sig?” : En kvalitativ studie om barns upplevelser av att växa upp med en psykiskt sjuk förälder." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-128941.
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Barn till personer med psykisk problematik är en grupp som fått relativt lite uppmärksamhet i samband med förälderns insjuknande. Få studier beskriver hur deras tankar gått under tiden deras föräldrar varit sjuka. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur barn beskriver sina upplevelser av att växa upp med en psykiskt sjuk förälder. Genom att granska barns egna beskrivningar på hemsidan kuling.nu kan en organisk bild av erfarenheter, toppar och dalar samt känslor skapa en bild av en vardag få människor pratar öppet om. 41 inlägg publicerade mellan år 2016 och år 2010 granskades genom en kvalitativ konventionell innehållsanalys. Några av de resultat som kan utläsas visar att barnens upplevelser kan få följder såsom ensamhet, mental ohälsa eller utveckling av destruktiva hanteringsstrategier. Genom att söka sig till internetforum finner de gemenskap, kan få information om sjukdomar och kanske hjälp med att bearbeta sina upplevelser. Känslan av att vara den enda personen i hela världen som har en annorlunda förälder kan reduceras eller elimineras.
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Lane, Tyler J. "Health and responsibility : the relationship between parental illness and children's work in South Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d5e4439b-bac8-45fb-a124-cf3e43d65a3a.
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South Africa faces a high disease burden and a limited public capacity to provide care to the ill. Research from the UK and sub-Saharan Africa suggests the burden often falls to children, who also take over domestic responsibilities necessary for household survival. To date, there is limited research exploring the relationship between parental illness and children’ responsibilities, or the moderating effect of socio-demographic variables. The thesis is comprised of three research phases. The first is a literature review to summarise existing research and identify substantial gaps, which included limited amounts of quantitative evidence on this topic and a lack of a tool to as-sess child responsibility that had both been adapted to the South African context and included caring responsibilities. The second research phase consists of an exploratory study of n = 349 children living with ill adults in urban and rural communities in the Western Cape province of South Africa to investigate their range of responsibility, which included caring for an ill parent, household chores, childcare, and income-generation. The resulting data were used to create the Child Responsibility Measure, which assesses the range and time burden of re-sponsibilities among South African children. The third research phase is a cross-sectional quantitative survey of n = 2,476 pairs of children and parents from urban and rural communities in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. Resulting data on parental health, socio-demographics, and child responsibilities were analysed with multiple regres-sions to determine drivers of children’s responsibility. Among the findings were that parental illnesses increase the likelihood children provide care and have larger responsibility workloads, and girls are more likely to take on all types of responsibility excluding income-generating activities, which were more common in boys. Additionally, while urban children were more likely to provide personal care, rural children had greater responsibility workloads.
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Valls, Vidal Clara. "La Individuación del joven adulto en su familia de origen: Validación de un instrumento y análisis de la Individuación y de los Patrones Familiares Disfuncionales en función del género y del divorcio parental." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/323105.
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L’objectiu d’aquest treball és doble. En primer lloc, s’obtenen les propietats psicomètriques d’una bateria de tests per a mesurar els constructes Individuació amb la Mare (IM), Individuació amb el Pare (IP) i Patrons Familiars Disfuncionals (PFD) en una mostra de 501 joves adults de Barcelona. Les anàlisis factorials mostren una estructura de quatre factors per a cadascun dels constructes: Connexió, Autonomia, Obertura y Por a perdre l’amor per a IM, Connexió, Autonomia, Intrusió y Por a perdre l’amor per a IP y Sentir-se atrapat, Pressió parental, Cura injusta y Sentiment d’abandó per a PFD. Les evidències empíriques per a la validesa concurrent mostren que els fills de pares separats mostren una menor Connexió amb el pare i una major presència de PFD que els joves amb els pares no separats. En segon lloc, s’analitza l’associació entre els PDF i la IM / IP i entre el gènere i la IM / IP i finalment s’analitza si els PFD expliquen l’associació entre el divorci parental i la Connexió amb el pare en mostres independents segons el gènere del jove. Els resultats mostren que les associacions entre els PDF i la IM / IP varia en funció del tipus de PFD i el gènere del progenitor. En relació al gènere, les noies obtenen més Connexió afectiva amb les mares que els nois. La Pressió parental i el Sentiment d’abandó expliquen part de l’associació entre divorci parental i la Connexió amb el pare.El objetivo de este trabajo es doble. En primer lugar, se obtienen las propiedades psicométricas de un batería de tests para medir los constructos Individuación con la Madre (IM), Individuación con el Padre (IP) y Patrones Familiares Disfuncionales (PFD) en una muestra de 501 jóvenes adultos de Barcelona. Los análisis factoriales muestran una estructura de cuatro factores para cada uno de los constructos: Conexión, Autonomía, Apertura y Miedo a perder el amor para IM, Conexión, Autonomía, Intrusión y Miedo a perder el amor para IP y Sentirse atrapado, Presión parental, Cuidado injusto y Sentimiento de abandono para PFD. Las evidencias empíricas para la validez concurrente muestran que los hijos de padres separados obtienen una menor Conexión con el padre y una mayor presencia de PFD que los jóvenes con los padres no separados. En segundo lugar, se analiza la asociación entre los PDF y la IM / IP y entre el género y la IM / IP y finalmente se analiza si los PFD explican la asociación entre el divorcio parental y la Conexión con el padre en muestras independientes según el género del joven. Los resultados muestran que las asociaciones entre los PDF y la IM / IP en general son significativas y varían en función del tipo de PFD y del género del progenitor. En relación al género, las chicas obtienen más Conexión afectiva con las madres que los chicos. La Presión parental y el Sentimiento de abandono explican parte de la asociación entre divorcio parental y Conexión con el padre.
The aim of this study is twofold. Firstly, the psychometric properties of a battery of tests are obtained to measure the constructs Individuation with Mother (IM), Individuation with Father (IF) and Dysfunctional Family Patterns (DFP) in a sample of 501 young adults in Barcelona. Factor analyses show a structure of four factors for each of the constructs: Connectedness, Autonomy, Openness and Fear of love withdrawal for IM; Connectedness, Autonomy, Intrusiveness and Fear of love withdrawal for IF and Feeling Caught, Parental pressure, Unfair care giving and Feeling deprived for DFP. Empirical evidence for concurrent validity showed that young adults with separated parents obtain a lower Connectedness with the father and an increased presence of DFP than young adults with intact families. Secondly, the association between DFP and IM / IP and between gender and IM / IP is analyzed, and finally we examine whether the DFP explain the association between parental divorce and Connectedness with father in independent samples according to young gender. Results show that almost all the associations between DFP and IM / IP are significant and that they vary as a function of the type of PFD and parent gender. Regarding gender, young women get more emotional Connectedness with mothers than young men. Parental pressure and Feeling deprived explain part of the association between parental divorce and Connectedness with the father.
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Nollen, Louise. "Barns psykiska påverkan av att växa upp med en psykiskt sjuk förälder : Risk- och friskfaktorer." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15202.
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Inledning: Globalt sett beräknas det att en av fyra familjer har minst en medlem med psykisk störning och de anhöriga är ofta de som är de främsta vårdarna. En majoritet av personer med psykisk sjukdom är eller kommer att bli föräldrar. Forskning visar på ett starkt samband mellan psykisk sjukdom hos föräldrarna och psykisk ohälsa hos barn. Syfte: Att identifiera riskfaktorer respektive friskfaktorer som uppträder hos barn som växer upp med en psykiskt sjuk förälder. Metod: En litteraturstudie där 15 artiklar både kvantitativa och kvalitativa ingick. Analysering av artiklarna har skett enligt en tematisk analysmetod. Resultat: Barn till föräldrar med psykisk sjukdom utgör en högriskgrupp för att själva utveckla beteendemässiga, känslomässiga och psykiatriska problem. Det finns ett starkt samband mellan förälderns psykiska sjukdom och stigmatisering samt bristande skolgång. Skyddande faktorer inbegriper stöd, kunskap om förälderns tillstånd, en aktiv coping strategi och en familjefokuserad vård, vilket kan öka familjens och barnens resiliens. Diskussion: Det finns stora behov av tidiga insatser för att stödja barn. Många gånger missas barnen då fokus på vården enbart är riktad till den psykiskt sjuka föräldern. Studien visar att stöd och information till barnen inte är implementerat eller är bristfällig i många fall.Introduction: Globally, it is estimated that one in four families has at least one family member with a mental disorder and relatives are often the primary caregivers. A majority of people with mental illness are or will be parents. Research shows a significant association between parental mental illness and mental illness in children. Purpose: The purpose of this systematic literature review was to identify the risk factors and the protective factors of the health of children living with a mentally ill parent. Method: A literature study involving 15 articles both quantitative and qualitative. Analysis of the articles has been done according to a thematic analysis method. Result: Children of parents with mental illness constitute a high-risk group for developing problems such as behavioural, emotional and psychiatric disorders. There is a strong relation between the parent's mental illness and stigmatization as well as lack of school attendance. Protective factors include social support, knowledge of the parent's illness, having an active coping strategy and a family-focused care that can enhance the family and children's resilience. Discussion: There is a great need of early efforts and interventions to support children. Many times, the focus from health care is only on the mentally ill parent and many children's needs are missed. This study shows that support and information to the children in many cases is not implemented or inadequate.
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Vlachos, Katarina. "Ombytta roller : En litteraturstudie om unga omsorgsgivare i invandrade familjer." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-6458.
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Att identifiera barn som omsorgsgivande anhöriga är ett nytt sätt att förstå barns verklighet, och kunskapen och medvetenheten om den här gruppen är fortfarande begränsad både i Sverige och i andra länder. Detta gäller i ännu högre grad för unga omsorgsgivare i invandrade familjer. Det finns idag få studier som belyser situationen för den här gruppen specifikt. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att analysera forskningen om unga omsorgsgivare med fokus på de med utländsk bakgrund. Detta gjordes genom en litteraturstudie där nio vetenskapliga artiklar om situationen för invandrade unga omsorgsgivare sammanställdes och analyserades, och där resultatet diskuterades utifrån ett kunskapssociologiskt perspektiv. Resultatet visar att det i de studier som granskats finns en tendens att kulturalisera unga omsorgsgivare i invandrade familjer. Situationen för de invandrade unga omsorgsgivarna, oavsett etnisk tillhörighet, beskrivs vara delvis annorlunda den för unga omsorgsgivare från majoritetssamhället. Även om faktorer såsom socioekonomiska förhållanden anges spela roll är det kulturellt färgade föreställningar om att unga vill och kan ge omsorg till närstående, och att det framför allt är en uppgift för flickor, som framställs ha en avgörande betydelse för unga omsorgsgivare i invandrade familjer. Detta synsätt får också implikationer för hur stödet till den här gruppen föreslås ska utformas. Vidare visar resultatet att det finns en tendens att fokusera på de risker som kan finnas med ungas omsorgsgivande, speciellt då de unga tar över föräldrarnas ansvar och uppgifter. I det granskade materialet lyfts möjliga positiva effekter av invandrade ungas omsorgsgivande fram, men utgångspunkten är de potentiella problem som kan uppkomma i och med de invandrade familjernas anpassning till en ny kultur, vilket i sin tur anges kunna göra unga invandrare till en riskgrupp för en stor mängd omsorgsgivande.Identifying children as carers is a new way of understanding children's reality, and the knowledge and awareness of this group is still limited in Sweden and in other countries. This applies even more to young carers in immigrant families. There are currently few studies that highlight the situation of this group specifically. The purpose of the present study was to analyse research on young carers focusing on those with a foreign background. This was done through a literature review in which nine scientific articles on the situation of immigrant young carers were compiled and analysed. The result was then discussed from a sociological perspective on knowledge. The result shows that in the articles examined, there is a tendency to culturise young carers in immigrant families. The situation of immigrant young carers, irrespective of ethnicity, is described to be somewhat different from that of young carers from the majority community. Although factors such as socio-economic conditions are stated to play a role, it is culturally coloured beliefs that children are willing and able to give care to their family, and that it is primarily a task for girls, which is stated to play a crucial role for the caregiving of immigrant young carers. This approach also has implications for how the support for this group is proposed to be designed. Furthermore, the result shows that there is a tendency to focus on the risks that may exist with children’s caregiving, especially when children take over their parents' responsibilities and tasks. The reviewed material highlight the possible positive effects of immigrant children's caregiving, but the starting point is the potential problems that may arise with the adaptation of immigrant families to a new culture, which in turn may make young immigrants a risk group for a large amount of caregiving.
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Sjödelius, Lina. "Det syns inte på utsidan, men det känns på insidan : En kvalitativ litteraturanalys om barn som anhöriga till psykiskt sjuka föräldrar." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-66299.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate how children as relatives of mentally ill parents are produced in picture books. It has been implemented through analysis of three selected picture books. The aim of this study is also to see what didactic function the literature has and how it can be applied in the pre-school activities. The study employes the ecological systems theory of child development by Urie Bronfenbrenner. The analysis has been conducted based on Dahlborg-Lyckhages analytical model and Nicolajevas model of person portrayal in picture books. The results shows that mental illness in picture books is equated with how the existing research defines mental illness. It also shows that the children's influence of mental illness is visualized through parentification and lack of attachment. The result also shows that there is a didactic function in the literature, the books are suitable to increase the knowledge about children as relatives of mentally ill parents and to increase knowledge about mental illness.Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur barn som anhöriga till psykiskt sjuka föräldrar framställs i bilderböcker, i relation till vad existerande forskning säger om densamma. Det har genomförts genom analys av tre utvalda bilderböcker. Studien har även till syfte att se vilken didaktisk funktion litteraturen har och hur den kan tillämpas i förskoleverksamheten. Analysen har genomförts utifrån Dahlborg-Lyckhages modell för analys av berättelser samt Nikolajevas modell för bilderbokens personskildring och ses genom det utvecklingsekologiska perspektivet. Resultatet av analysen visar att den psykiska ohälsan likställs med hur den existerande forskningen definierar psykisk ohälsa och att barnens påverkan av den psykiska ohälsan synliggörs genom föräldrafiering och bristande anknytning. Resultatet visar också på att det finns en didaktisk funktion i litteraturen, böckerna lämpar sig för att öka kunskapen om barn som anhöriga till psykiskt sjuka föräldrar och för att öka kunskapen om psykisk ohälsa bland barn och pedagoger.
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Briant, Jeremy. "Les effets de la loi de 2007 réformant la protection de l'enfance : les relations et les pratiques des intervenants sociaux et des institutions sur des familles dans le cadre du soutien à la parentalité." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC017/document.
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Précédée par le tumulte de multiples scandales médiatiques ayant dévoilé des faits de maltraitances, ignorés ou provoqués par le dispositif de la protection de l'enfance, la loi du 5 mars 2007 se voulait remédier à des dysfonctionnements intrinsèques au service de protection en restructurant sémantiquement et formellement le fonctionnement, la mission et le champ définitionnel recouvrant l'ensemble du dispositif. S'enracinant autour d'une mission de « prévention » des risques de maltraitance et de « soutien à la parentalité », de nouveaux vocables (« risque de danger », « danger »), instruments (« Informations Préoccupantes », « Projet Pour l'Enfant ») et de nouvelles instances (« Cellule de Recueil des Informations Préoccupantes », « Observatoire ») ont accompagné le caractère réformateur de la loi. Au-delà du simple changement et renouvellement sémantique, cette constellation de mots et de syntagmes n'était pas sans produire de profondes altérations dans l'agencement des rôles, des fonctions et des identités de chaque acteur pris dans le réseau énonciatif du dispositif. À partir d'un ensemble d'énoncés prescriptifs, la loi façonnait et engageait les professionnels à faire-avec un nouveau paradigme général sur la représentation du lien parent-enfant. Il ne s'agissait plus pour les professionnels, à l'intérieur de cette vision, de sanctionner un parent potentiellement « carencé », ou de couper un lien jugé « toxique » pour protéger un enfant, mais de permettre au sujet parental de se découvrir (« s'éliciter ») et d'investir son rôle de parent. Soutenu par une médiation institutionnelle, le parent se voyait en cela potentiellement désigné, depuis l'article 375 du Code civil, comme un actant responsable du bon « développement physique, affectif, intellectuel et social » de l'enfant. Réagençant les linéaments sur lesquels reposait la prise en charge d'un usager, la loi réorganisait en profondeur la structure du comportement des différents acteurs. S'interrogeant sur ces diverses modifications normatives, ce travail de recherche se propose de saisir les « effets » opérés par la loi du 5 mars 2007 sur les pratiques, la pensée et les relations entre professionnels, usagers et institutions. À travers les analyses des dossiers de la protection de l'enfance, des évolutions législatives, institutionnelles, discursives et d'entretiens réalisés avec des travailleurs sociaux, nous chercherons à comprendre comment se sont redessinés les rapports de pouvoir entre des familles et des professionnels porteurs d'une intervention « parentaliste ». Se rapportant aux répercussions du discours d'un dispositif de régulation sociale sur des sujets, cette étude empruntera une lecture et une analyse similaire, dans ses principes et ses méthodes, à celles que M. Foucault a effectuées sur la prison ou la sexualité. À l'issue de l'analyse critique, et ce pour dépasser les difficultés rencontrées autour de nouvelles pistes de réflexion, la recherche donnera lieu à la formalisation de préconisationsPreceded by the tumult of multiple media scandals having unveiled the facts of abuse, ignored or provoked by the child protection system, the law of March 5, 2007 was intented to remedy to intrinsic failures in the protection service by semantically and formally restructuring the operation, the mission and the definitional field covering the entire device. Rooting around the abuses risk « prevention » mission and « parentality support », a few new vocables (« Danger Risk », « Danger »), instruments (« Worrying Information », « Project For the Child ») and new instances (« Cell Collecting Information of Concern », « Observatory ») have accompanied the law's reformist character. Beyond the simple change and semantic renewal, this constellation of words and sentences was not without producing profound alternations in the arrangement of roles, functions and identities of each actor caught in the enunciative network of the device. From a set of normative statements, the law shaped and committed professionals to do-with a new general paradigm on the representation of the parent-child link. It was no longer for the professionals, inside of this vision, to punish a parent potentially « deficiencied », or to cut off a link judged « toxic » to protect a child, but to allow the parental subject to discover itself (« to elicit ») and invest its role of parent. Supported by an institutional mediation, the parent was potentially designated, since Article 375 of the Civil Code, as an protagonist for the good « physical, emotional, intellectual and social development » of the child. Reordering the elementary lines on which was based the care of a user, the law reorganized in depth the behavior's structure of the various actors. Wondering about these various normative changes, this research work offers itself to seize the operated « effects » by the law of March 5, 2007 on practices, the thought and the relationships between professionals, users and institutions. Through analyzes of child protection files, legislative, institutional, discursive evolutions and interviews with social workers, we will seek to understand how did the power reports between the relatives and the professionals carriers of « parentalist » intervention. Referring to the repercussions of the speech of a social regulation device on topics, this study will borrow a similar reading and analysis, in its principles and methods, to what Mr. Foucault has done on prison or sexuality. At the end of the critical analysis, and to overcome the difficulties encountered around new lines of thought, the research will lead to the formalization of recommendations
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Peris, Tara Sophia. "An investigation of emotional parentification in adolescence /." 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3189335.
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Ho, Shu-Mei, and 何淑梅. "The Dyadic Analysis of Newlyweds with Parentification." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47136232777246571768.
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碩士國立臺中教育大學
諮商與應用心理學系碩士班
102
This study aims to explore Parentification traits affect Newlyweds. Research invited three couples as research participants. Use semi-structured interviews to understand participants intimate relationship.The result indicates as follows, parentification traits in newlyweds are include, 1. fair; 2.reassuring; 3.close emotional ties; 4.mature; 5.attention to others’ need and satisfied them; 6.be a protector or be a savior. Parentification traits only for wives indicate becoming a long-winded mom, and influence of traditional culture.Overall, parentification traits show in newlyweds relationship include: 1. Like couples’ mature, but looking for ideal parents shadow; 2. Seek assurance of love; 3. Newlyweds look like lover, but get along like family; 4. Meet what lover needs; 5. Hidden emotions at home，but show emotion in marriage; 6. after marriage, broken blood gap, and family fusion; 7. A smile and glance is enough to balance all of unfair. Finally, discussions and recommendations are made for the future further study and the practical exercise on the parentification experience.
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Ying, Tseng Chia, and 曾嘉盈. "The Study of Children of Parentification and Divorce." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68448253279912989730.
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碩士慈濟大學
社會工作學系碩士班
101
Some children become the main care-giver and play multiple roles in their family in the transition of divorce. Parentification indicates the family interaction that children take the role and responsibility of their parents. Parentification may have negative impact on minor children. So far, social workers have not focus on the influence that divorce may lead to children parentificed. This study interviewed 5 adults with parentificed experience and 4 social workers who experience in helping single-parent. The data was collected by qualitative research semi-structured interviews and used subject analysis to describe the interviewee’s own parentification experience, their support needs and resource utilization. The conclusion was as the following: A. The comprehensive role of the children in a divorced family: I. The children are more parentified: when a family encountered obstacles, eldert children easily take over parents’ role. II. The boundary of a family is blurred: the needs of parents made the interviewee lost the role as a sibling. III. Become the breadwinner of the family: help the family to solve economic crisis. B. Parentified children took overloaded responsibility of housework: the parents didn’t assign housework and made children overloaded. C. The internal struggle of parentified children in divorced family: I. The stress of experiencing family transition: the interviewees’ stress come from the burden of their family’s emotional relationship. II. Parentified children need mental support : they want someone to become their role model to learn from and seek for instructions. D. Parentified children’s social development was limited: the pressure from both their family and finance made these children back from developing human relations and leisure, further more, even affect the children’s academic and career achievement. E. Social resources are hardly reachable for single parent families: the criteria of social sercurity is too high to get financial assistance. For the reasons above, this study has made the following suggestions: A. For parents: I. Concern the rights of children: let the children enjoy the right of being taken care of. II. Establish parent’s support system: when children are parentified, social support may reduce the possibility of social isolation of the parents. III. Decrease the economic pressure of single parent families: provide economic services. B. For social workers: I. The psychological counseling service for the children of divorced family:help children to find out their ability and limitations. II. Design the social service project which can fit the needs of minor children: to find out the needs of parentified children and to provide suitable services. III. Assist divorced parents become co-parenting:through parent’s co-operation, reduce the parentification level of the children. C. For policy: I. Provide family mediation service, protect children’s right: A. Strengthen parent’s role. II. Provide visitation service of minor children:these meeting may be a chance to release their emotion. III. Develop the policy of family care: take a family as a unit, build up co-operation mechanisms across professional groups.
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Su, wen-ling, and 蘇文羚. "To Understand Parentification Experiences through Narrative Identity Perspective." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vnt6cv.
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碩士國立彰化師範大學
輔導與諮商學系所
102
This study aims to understand the individual perceptions and interpretations to themselves and the families, and how the interactions of individuals are when they choose to take parental tasks in parentification experiences by the presenting of the essence in nature experiences and the discussing of individual parentification experiences through narrative identity perspective. Based on the viewpoints of the hermeneutic phenomenological methodology, the study tries to annotate their life experiences and uses semi-structured in-depth interviews to collective data from four young adulthood participants with parentifacation experiences. Analyzed with thematic analysis, four essential themes were identified as follows: (1) Undertake the parental responses from seeing the empty of parental tasks, saying love in activities. (2) Practice and transfer the values of care, try the best to take care of family’s physiological and psychology needs. (3) Has self-identity by giving and able to maintain the care cycle. (4) Care about the meaning of giving, reconstruct the understanding of ego and family relationships, and gradually have the subjectivity choices. (5) Construct the future landscape of self and family with past experiences and awareness. Through these five themes, the study has findings as fallow: (1) Undertaking the parental responses is a subjectivity choice with cultural context. (2) Readjust the choice to face the grievance and lost from undertaking the parental responses. (3) The meaning of parentification experiences shapes the presents and future expectations of self. (4) Parentification experiences are the cycle course of understanding and selection. In the view of the research findings, the recommendations for counselors, parents, and future researches are provided.
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Chen, Shao-min, and 陳劭旻. "The process of involving in parentification : dyadic perspective." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92q6sc.
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碩士國立彰化師範大學
輔導與諮商學系所
102
This study used dyadic method to investigate how child involved in the process of parentification. Researcher interviewed three family, including three pairs of parent and child, combining hermeneutic phenomenological methodology to conduct research. Results are described as follows: In considering process of growth in instrumental task, chilldren were ordered by their parents in elementary school, becoming capable to realize the situation in family when studying junior high school, and they are able to do more things when high school, and continue to do same tasks after graduating from university. When doing expressive tasks, the process is almost same with instrumental tasks, as the family structure stays unchanged, children would be parentified continuously. The dyadic process shows that children may be involved in different ways. Children would consider the problem in their family, then assess the necessity to help solving problem, closeness and capability will also influence their willing. Parents will also perceive problem in family, assessing necessity and capability, when conclusion is positive, parents will order children to do tasks. Though Children may do tasks without parents perception, most parents admit children's behavior, and even being welcome to their help. This study also discovered that parents appreciate of children's help, bus seldom speak it out; parents describe children as warming and sensitive, but tend to ignore that tasks may be children's burden; parents are not sensitive to expressive as their children; parents also have different perception of closeness of their relationship; and the data from parents and children are close to each other. Basing on the results, researcher propose suggestions for parents and professional counselors.
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Proulx, Christiane. "Le récit de ma grande mission : une histoire de parentification." Thesis, 2009. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/976288/1/MR63315.pdf.
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The goal pursued throughout this research project was to update and explore certain roles that I had developed, as a parentified child, since childhood. The heuristic and artistic research processes, which culminated in a self-revelatory performance, are documented, along with a summary of writings on the child/narcissistic parent, on parentification and on the concept of role as envisaged in dramatherapy. The results obtained are listed in several formats: the narrative of the process and the reflections that marked it from its genesis to writing the research paper. Given that one of the main characteristics of parentification is a potential deficiency in term of recognition, the process of self-revelatory performance, delivered before a chosen audience, offers a privileged opportunity for exploration, understanding and restoration of the pathological repercussions of this relationship mode. Certain applications of the results obtained in this process are suggested for clinical practice. The performance and the discussion with the audience that followed were filmed for the purposes of documentation and are available upon request.
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Lai, Yu-Ching, and 賴郁青. "A Study on Counter-transference Experience Derived from Parentification of Psychotherapists." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5hx749.
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碩士國立東華大學
諮商與臨床心理學系
102
This study aims to investigate the counter-transference experience derived from parentification of three psychotherapists. In-depth interviews were conducted based on semi-structured interview outline to collect the subjects’ countertransference experience. Narrative analysis was used to analyze the interview data, in order to understand how the subjects constructed and gave meaning to countertransference. This study found that the three subjects were reminded of their own parentification experience during treatments. Once counter-transference is triggered, psychotherapists would re-experience their past pain and would easily view patients as their own vulnerable and helpless mother. They would project their past feelings and thoughts about their mother onto patients, and interacted with patients using the approaches they were familiar with and used to in the past. As a result, psychotherapists could not perceive the real situation and need of patients. Once counter-transference is triggered, psychotherapists would use different approaches to respond to and handle patients. However, regardless of the approach, their awareness and reflection abilities would eventually be enhanced to enable them to better understand how their parentification experience affected treatment work, as well as to take care and solace themselves when their countertransference is triggered. Based on the research results, suggestions were proposed on counseling practice and future studies. Keywords: Countertransference, Parentification, Narrative analysis
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LIAO, YI-CHEN, and 廖宜貞. "A Study of the Motherhood Images and Parentification in Ann Hui's Films." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4j7bh5.
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碩士國立臺灣藝術大學
電影學系
105
This study aims at the image of motherhood in Director Ann Hui’s works, Song of the Exile and The Postmodern Life of My Aunt. Based on the different discuss of motherhood by various feminist branches, we explore the image of motherhood revealed in the films, and further analyze the conflicts and isolations between mothers and daughters caused by the cognitive discrepancy between physiological motherhood and social motherhood in this patriarchal society. Meanwhile, by using Parentification theory, we conduct narrative analysis on the film, The Way We Are, and the altruistic and pro-social phenomenon contained therein, to discuss the effects and oppression on female by traditional gender consciousness; to explore dilemmas and difficulties faced by female characters in the film; and to reveal their inward worlds and spiritual visions. Also we purpose more recommendations of diversification to promote motherhood practice and change parentified children. Besides, we review Ann Hui’s past works and elaborate the origin and development of Hong Kong New Wave Film and its influences on Ann Hui. Ann Hui owns an exceptional growing experience for moving around in different cities and countries and receives different education of both Chinese traditional culture and western cultures, which gives her unique views on culture exchange and diversity, and careful and keen to observe people and things around. Therefore Ann Hui pays more attention to behavior emergence of identity and female consciousness. Despite different contents, her films all embody the humanistic spirit, show humanity and cares. We look forward to interpret the implications in Ann Hui’s works and purpose some recommendations, hoping to improve female situation and motherhood development.
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Yeong, Yoke-Wei, and 楊育慧. "A Study between Parentification and General Health at Malaysian Chinese High Schools." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7nqk74.
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碩士國立彰化師範大學
輔導與諮商學系
107
A Study between Parentification and General Health at Malaysian Chinese High Schools The purpose of the study was to explore the relation between parentification and general health at Malaysia Chinese High Schools. Questionnaires were administered to participants from 455 high school students, whose age ranging from 16 to 18 years old in Malaysia. Descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, and simple regression analysis were utilized to analyze the surveyed data. The findings were as follows: 1. There’s significant differences in parentification of high school students with reference to gender, where high schools female parentification degree is higher than male. 2. There’s no significant difference in parentification of high school students with different birth order. 3. There’s no significant difference in parentification of high school students with different parents’ marital status. 4. There’s correction between parentfication and general health. A high parentification score will results in poorer general health. 5. Parentification could predict general health.
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Moffett, Bronwyn. "Parentification in child-headed households within the context of HIV and AIDS." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/5378.
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ZIHAN, ZHAO, and 趙梓含. "The Study of Parental Conflict, Empathy, and Parentification for Young Adult Children." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45084733187560583512.
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碩士輔仁大學
兒童與家庭學系碩士班
104
Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation of children perceived parental conflict, empathy and parentification of young adult in Taiwan. Besides, the study also examines if children perceived parental conflict and empathy can predict parentification. The measure tools used in this study include The Children Perceived Interparental Conflict Scale, The Empathy Scale, and The Parentification Scale. The object of the study are young adult children in Taiwan, age between 20-30 years old. The questionnaires were executed through Internet, using the measure of purposive sampling and snowball sampling, and has collect 233 effective copies. The study used the measures as follows to do the data analysis: independent-sample T test, analysis of correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study are as follows: 1. Empathic Concern is significantly correlated with Characteristics of Conflict and Children Perceived Threat, Personal Distress is significantly correlated with Characteristics of Conflict, Perceived Threat and Self Blame. 2. All dimensions of Children Perceived Interparental Conflict can significantly predict the Unfairness of parentification, besides Threat can predict Expressive Parentification, Self Blame can predict Instrumental Parentification. 3. All dimensions of Empathy can significantly predict expressive parentification, with Perspective-Taking predicts Instrumental Parentification and Empathic Concern reversely predicts Unfairness.
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Shie, Jhe-Wei, and 謝喆瑋. "The Correlative Study of Marital Conflict, Emotional Security, and Parentification for College Students." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03878005459521461235.
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碩士國立交通大學
教育研究所
97
The purpose of the study is to investigate the correlation of college student’s perceptions of marital conflict, emotional security, and parentification. Besides, the study examines if children’s perceived marital conflict and emotional security could predict parentification. The final purpose is to explore the mediation effect of emotional security between marital conflict and parentification. The measure tools used in this study include “The Children Perceived Interparental Conflict Scale”, “The Security in the Interparental Subsystem Scale”, and “The Parentification Scale”. The questionnaires were administered to 484 college students in Taiwan. The results of survey were analyzed by Independent t test, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study are as follows: 1.The dimensions of marital conflict, emotional security, and parentification related to each other significantly. Only the correlations between the dimensions of marital conflict with involvement and instrumental caregiving are not significant. 2. Marital conflict and emotional security can predict parentification significantly. Especially, involvement can explain instrumental and expressive caregiving the most, destructive marital conflict and conflict spillover representations can explain unfairness the most. 3. There are some mediation effects of emotional security between marital conflict and parentification: (a) The destructive family representations fully mediated the relationship between frequency of marital conflict and expressive caregiving. (b) The constructive family representations fully mediated the relationship between constructive marital conflict and expressive caregiving. (c) The conflict spillover representations partially mediated the relationship between destructive marital conflict and unfairness, and the same relationship between frequency of marital conflict and unfairness. Finally, the advanced discussions and further suggestions are addressed based on the result of this study.
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Chang, Pei-Chi, and 張沛綺. "A Relationship among Parentification, Filial Piety and Happiness of College Students in Taiwan." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52818480498551210870.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
教育心理與輔導學系
101
The purpose of this study were to investigate the relations among parentification, filial piety and happiness for college students in Taiwan, and to explore that parentification was similar to filial piety or not. The samples are comprised of 504 college students from Taiwan based on purposive sampling, and Questionnaire survey is conducted as the study method. The instruments used in this study were “Parentification Scale”, “Filial Piety Scale”, and “Chinese Happiness Iventory ”. Data obtained in this study were analyzed by MANOVAs , Pearson’s product-moment correlation and hierarchical regression. The findings are as follows: 1. There was significant difference in “unfairness” among groups of gender. There was significant difference in “instrumental caregiving” among groups of birth order. 2. There was significant difference in “reciprocal filial piety” among groups of gender. There was no significant difference in “filial piety” among groups of birth order. 3.There is a positive significant correlation between perceived “instrumental caregiving” and “emotional caregiving” ; and there is a positive significant correlation between perceived “instrumental caregiving” and “unfairness” . 4. There is a positive significant correlation between perceived “reciprocal filial piety” and “authoritarian filial piety”. 5. There is a positive significant correlation between perceived “parentification” and “filial piety” 6. Both parentification and filial piety could effectively predict the happiness of college students. After statistical control of filial piety, parentification could predict the happiness independently. Based on the results, implication of the study for counseling and guidance and suggestion for the future research were proposed as well.
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Chang, Ming-Chia, and 張銘嘉. "Teachers with Parentification Experiences: The Impact on The Formation of Teacher-Student Relationship." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76960384598862607811.
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碩士淡江大學
教育心理與諮商研究所碩士班
100
The purpose of this research was to explore the parentification of teachers and their impact on the formation of teacher-student relationship. With purposive sampling, the researchers tried to find typical, informative, as well as representative participants.With semi-structured in-depth interview, the researcher interviewed five interviewees followed by thematic analysis for text analysis. Hoping that this research would help the interviewees gain more realization of their original families’ influence on teacher-student relationship, the researcher found three themes through the analysis: 1.the Chinese filial piety, 2. the fair family reciprocity that breeds parentified belief, as well as 3. the fair family reciprocity that breeds concern for students. Through this research, the researcher hopes to assist participants who experience parentifieication gain more understanding on how their original family influence their teacher-student relationship, see the multi-dimensions of parentification experience, as well as the significance of it. Furthermore, the researcher hopes to improve the parentified teachers with their ability to cope with their family and students’ difficulties. The researcher found that: 1. While the culture of Chinese filial piety and first-born-child is deeply rooted in parentified interviewees, it helps bond families at the same time it breeds a sense of sacrifice. 2. Whether the interviewees experienced “fair reciprocity” depends on three factors: whether the family provides a stable and supportive environment, whether the caring behavior obtains feedback, and whether a dynamic balance of the need between the interviewee and the parents exists. 3. Whether the interviewee processes a high close and low Intrusive or low high close and low Intrusive parentification tendency , depends on the “fair reciprocity” emotional experience in the family. a. Interviewees with high close and low Intrusive parentification tendency experience a “I’m OK, You’re OK” emotion. They maintain a positive self-concept and a flexible as well as clear self-other relationship boundary. b. Interviewees with high close and high Intrusive parentification tendency experience a “I’m not OK, You’re OK” emotion. They maintain unstable or even low self-concept, as well as a blur and rigid self-other relationship boundary. 4. The caring experence in the interviewees’ childhood family, allows them to be attentive to their students, be sensitive to their needs, while also teaching them by example. These interviewees emphasize on their students’ social adaptive abilities and their conscientiousness. 5. Interviewees with high close and low Intrusive parentification tendency maintain positive self-concept, along with the emotion experience of “I’m OK, You’re OK” , they possess a flexible as well as clear self-other relationship boundary. Therefore, they have the highest adaptive ability in the teacher-student relationship. Whereas interviewees with high close and high Intrusive parentification tendency maintain unstable self-concept and the inclination of “I’m not OK, You’re OK” emotion experience, therefore, they experience rigid and blurry relationship boundaries. Consequently, they have the lowest adaptive ability in the teacher-student relationship.
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KU, YUEN SZE, and 古苑詩. "Relationship among Social Support, Parentification and Mental Health in Overseas Chinese College Students." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61935014618892112976.
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碩士國立新竹教育大學
教育心理與諮商學系碩士班
103
Abstract The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among social support, parentification, and mental health in overseas Chinese college students. A total of 637 overseas Chinese college students as subjects, were asked to fill a set of instruments, including Social Support Scale for College Students, Parentification Scale for College Students, and Mental Health Scale for College Students. The obtained data were analysized by using independent-samples t test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. The main findings of this study are: (1) Females had higher ratings than males on social support; and third grade of overseas Chinese college students had higher ratings than first grade students on social support; yet, no birth order or parent’s marital status difference was found in social support. (2) Females had higher ratings than males on parentification; and first grade of overseas Chinese college students had higher ratings than fourth grade students on the unfairness subscales of parentification; and the overseas Chinese college students of different birth order differed in the experience of parentification; yet, no parent’s marital status difference was found in parentification. (3) Males had higher ratings than females on mental health; and third grade of overseas Chinese college students had higher ratings than first grade students on the self and target subscales of mental health; fourth grade of overseas Chinese college students had higher ratings than second grade students on the life subscales of mental health; and the overseas Chinese college students of different parent’s marital status differed in the experience of mental health; yet, no birth order difference was found in mental health. (4) The positive influence of instrumental caregiving and emotional caregiving subscales of parentification on social support was significant; the negative influence of unfairness subscales of parentification on social support was significant (5) Emotional support, emotional caregiving, sex, Information support, unfairness, instrumental caregiving can predict mental health of overseas Chinese college students. Finally based on above findings, some recommendations are proposed and expected it helps for future research. Keyword: Overseas Chinese college students, social support, parentification, mental health
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莊慧美. "Feminine Parentification And Its Influences And Transformation Towards “Giving And Taking” in Marital Relationships." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34604328893543850797.
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博士高雄師範大學
輔導與諮商研究所
100
The purpose of this research is to explore feminine experiential nature of parentification, and how the experiences had influenced interaction and transformation of “giving and taking” in the marital relationships. Hermeneutic phenomenology was applied to interpret experiences of parentification of Taiwanese women, and to interpret significance and transformation endowed by these experiences under interaction of giving and taking in marital relationships. Four female participants through purposive sampling screened with “Scale of Parentification” were invited to in-depth semi-structural interviews. Data collecting was based on transcription of the interviews. Thematic analysis was used to decide strategies and steps of analyzing. The principle stuck to intersubjective agreement and validating of the research team and participants. Results of thematic analysis indicated seven themes to interpret experiences of parentification of Taiwanese women and significance and transformation endowed by the experiences under interaction of “giving and taking” in marital relationships, including: 1.massive difficulties of family of origin bearing worries of vicissitude, 2.cooped rigid family rules resulting in extreme nurturing and fettered filial piety, 3.personaliies shaped by the culture tending to shoulder burdens of families, 4.women with gratitude taking great burden to take care of the families, 5.content derived from longing for intimacy along with identification gained from burden-taking, 6. no balance between giving and taking along with dilemma of trust and commitment, and 7.pursuit of balance between filial piety and marriage along with self-identity in terms of giving and taking. Experiences of parentification of the participants indicated their tough volitions in their childhood when facing domestic difficulties. Although ceaseless discrepancies and conflicts prevailed, they were willing to take the great responsibilities for maintaining wholeness of the family; further, role of care-taker was duplicated in their marriages. They longed for compensation. However, being in two minds resulted from imbalance between “giving” and “taking” hindered them from being committed to their marriages. In addition, their values and toughness in marriages presented gender difficulties under culture of paternity, but from the difficulties soundly signified the relational nature of pursuit of harmony with concerned filial piety and ceaseless growth amidst themselves, marriages and families of origin. Moreover, the transformational mechanism between the participants and their families of origin was “differentiation”, and the one of spouse relations was“trust”and“equity”. The degree of transformation of the participants depended on their cognition and practice of commitment to filial piety and marriages, and the pattern wasn’t rigid, but with its own extent and limit. Finally, suggestions and introspection are offered for future research and related practice in terms of issues of plight of married women with parentification.
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CHEN, YI-JUI, and 陳怡睿. "The Impact of University Students’ Rejection Sensitivity on Distress Disclosure: Parentification as a Moderator." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6mcr28.
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碩士國立臺北教育大學
心理與諮商學系碩士班
107
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating effects of parentification on rejection sensitivity and distress disclosure in university students. The samples are comprised of 491 university students from Taiwan based on convenience sampling, and questionnaire survey is conducted as the study method. The instruments used in this study were “Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire”, which included degree of anxiety and negative expectation subscales, “Parentification Scale”, which included instrumental caregiving, emotional caregiving and unfairness subscales, and “Distress Disclosure Index”. The results of survey were analyzed by independent sample t test, ANOVA and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The main results of this study are as follows: 1. There were significant differences in “negative expectation of rejection sensitivity”, “emotional caregiving of parentification,” and “distress disclosure” among groups of gender. 2. There were significant differences in “instruminetal caregiving of parentification” among group of birth order. 3. There were significant differences in the “instruminetal caregiving and unfairness of parentification” among group of different family structures. 4. There were some moderating effects of gender and parentification between rejection sensitivity and distress disclosure of university students. To sum up, the degree of parentification of female universtiy students has different moderating effects on rejection sensitivity and distress disclosure. The results of this study can be used as reference for the promotion of family issues and mental health in colleges and universities.
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Doucet, Martin. "Relation entre le point de vue de l'enfant sur la violence conjugale, la parentification et les conflits de loyauté." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16997.
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Fitzgerald, Monica Marie. "The impact of parentification on children's psychological adjustment emotion management skills as potential underlying processes /." 2005. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/fitzgerald%5Fmonica%5Fm%5F200508%5Fphd.
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Tsai, Ying-Chuan, and 蔡嫈娟. "A Study of the relationship among the college students' filial perception, parentification and filial conduct." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46273316852812304124.
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碩士國立嘉義大學
家庭教育研究所
93
Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among the college students’ filial perception, parentification and filial conduct. Subjects of this study were 1027 college students from the southern part of Taiwan. Paired-samples T test, one-way ANOVA and Multiple Stepwise Regression were employed to analyze the data collected. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The college students tend to have the highest perception and conduct on “self-care” subscale and the lowest one on “parents accompany” subscale. 2. The filial conduct is varied based on “gender”,” family structure” and “parent-role absent”. 3. The filial conduct is varied based on the filial perception of the college students. 4. The filial conduct is varied based on the parentification of the college students. 5. The college students’ background, the filial perception and parentification are predictors of the filial conduct. Based on the findings of this study, some suggestions for parents, college students, the filial educational practicians and future studies are provided. Key word: filial education, filial perception, filial conduct, parentification
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Willert, Amanda Sue. "Parentification in rural African American single mother families a study of adolescent competence in context /." 2003. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/willert%5Famanda%5Fs%5F200308%5Fphd.
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Tseng, Pei-Yu, and 曾珮瑜. "A Study on the Parentification, Resilience and Life Adjustment of Vocational High School Hospitality Program Students." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62478987279226654453.
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碩士國立高雄餐旅大學
餐旅教育研究所
101
This study examined how the level of parentification, resilience and life adjustment occurs and interacts among students in hospitality programs. This study proposes to examine four main aspects as follows: First of all, the understanding of the current circumstance in parentification, resilience and life adjustment interacts among students in hospitality programs. Secondly, the comparison of parentification, resilience and life adjustment occurs among hospitality students from difference backgrounds. Thirdly, the discussion of how to predict students’ life adjustment ability from their data of parentification and resilience. Last but not least, the outcome of this study can hopefully provide some useful information for parents, educators and people who are working on the same field. In order to examine the four aspects mentioned above, this study was conducted by collecting data from both document analysis and survey method with a questionnaire. The data collection sessions used self-complied questionnaires for parentification, resilience and life adjustment and the participants in this study were 517 students in hospitality programs who enrolled in twelve different high schools in Taiwan. Next, the data analysis used t-Test, One-way ANOVA and Multiple Regression Analysis as measures to the conclusion. The result of this study is as follows: Firstly, the level of parentification remains below the average, on the other hand, the level of the ability of resilience and life adjustment remains beyond the average. Secondly, there is a significant level of difference showed between background variable and parentification. Thirdly, there is also a significant level of difference between gender, mother parenting method and the ability of resilience. Fourthly, gender, age, family structure and parenting method have significant level of difference in the ability of life adjustment. Finally, parentification and the ability of resilience can be used effectively to predict students’ ability of life adjustment. According to the outcome of this study, the suggestions are as follows: Firstly, students from family structure which gives fully supported helps the development of their ability of life adjustment. Secondly, the way of good parenting methods improves the ability of resilience and life adjustment. Thirdly, children are taken responsibilities to a reasonable level. Fourthly, the more interaction and communication between parents and teachers the clearer picture of student’s background will be provide. Last but not least, in order to improve the support from the external environment, teachers should give positive feedbacks by utilizing learning environment.
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Chiu, Yi-Han, and 邱苡涵. "The Relationship among Parentification, Filial piety and Career Decision-making Difficulties of Junior High School Students." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16535745156888214189.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
教育心理與輔導學系
105
The purpose of the study was to investigate the differences and relations among parentification, filial piety and career decision-making difficulties of junior high school students with various family backgrounds. The predictablitity of parenfication and filial piety on career decision-making difficulties for junior high school students were also evaluated. The sample consisted of 448 students (196 males and 204 females) from five junior high schools in Taiwan with purposive sampling. The study gathered information through questionnaire surveys. The instruments utilized were Parentification Scale, Filial Piety Scale and Career Decision-making Difficulties Scale. The data collected were analyzed by descriptive statistics, one-way MANOVA, canonical correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows: 1.The parentification scores are significantly higher of the oldest and middle children than those of the youngest children and single child. 2.The parentification of junior high school students varies significantly from parential marital status, especially the scale of unfairness. 3.The students whose parents’ parential marital status is living together, their reciprocal filial piety scores are significantly higher than those students whose parents are separated. 4.The reciprocal filial piety scores are significantly lower for the junior school students whose father’s educational level is doctoral, master degree or incompletion than those students whose father’s educational level is equal to or lower than bachelor degree. 5.The reciprocal filial piety scores are significantly lower for the junior high school students whose mother’s educational level is doctoral, master degree or incompletion than those students whose mother’s educational level is equal to or lower than bachelor degree. 6.The lake of motivation scales of boys are significantly higher than that of girls. 7.The career decision-making difficulty of junior high students varied significantly from the parential marital status, especially the scale of the lack of motivation 8.The career decision-making difficulty of junior high students varied significantly from mother’s educational level. 9.There was one significant canonical correlation between parentification and filial piety. 10.There were two significant canonical correlation between parentification and career decision-making difficulties. 11.There was one significant canonical correlation between filial piety and career decision-making difficulties. 12.The predicatablities of parentification and filial piety on career decision-making difficulties were significant. The unfairness is the predictable variable. Suggestions were discussed and proposed for career and family guidance and future research based on the results.
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Chen, Yao-Wen, and 陳姚文. "A Preliminary Study of Parentification Experiences for Adolescents Who Are Served by the Social Services System." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22151385241202570013.
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碩士國立臺北大學
社會工作學系
98
Parentification means that in the family interactive mode, the children or the youth are assigned the parental roles and bear the responsibility that the parents should take. We may not aware the problem that children play parental role in an inappropriate age and take responsibility excessively because the society encourages the children to share the housework to assist their parents. The phenomenon of parentification may cause the negative influence on the children or the youth. There are only a few empirical studies regarding this issue. Social work doesn’t pay close attention to such issue either in academic or practice field. The study adapted qualitative research method to collect the information through the semi-structured in-depth interview and effectively interviewed five youths who have had parentification experiences. The main purpose of the study is to understand the course of parentification, needs, resource used, the influence of the experience, coping strategies that the youths have been through. Also, their discourses were presented through the point of views of the persons involved and the experiences they describe and explain. The present study used thematic analysis to integrate and analyze the information and to conclude with seven mutual subjects： 1.The family member(s) is (are) absent or present but lacks function：The phenomenon of parentification is generated due to the special situations occurred, such as the absence of one of the parents, busy in working, improper behaviors or the disability of siblings. 2.The thought of “Who can take it but me?”：The children who take the parental roles were sympathetic to their parents or other family members. In addition, they perceived themselves as the important role of maintaining the operation of their family. 3.They expect to be accompanied or to get concrete services：Some children long for concrete services only, others long for the companion and care more than the material assistance. 4.There were many learning experiences being helpful to the future：The children’s thoughts were more mature than those of their peers. They performed outstandingly in different aspects of life and they thought the experiences were helpful for marriage and career in the future. 5.The resources come from everywhere and their stress were relieved：The children get different kinds of resources from the outside world respectively. They also developed coping methods to relieve from the pressure. 6.The burden was too heavy to bear and beyond their loading either in physical or in psychological status： The children were influenced on their time distribution and usage. Besides, the children felt that it had being too difficult for them to bear the responsibility, it brought out the idea of giving up the burden, and it had produced different symptoms of body and mind. 7.Away from recommit into the same situation or take the responsibilities in an appropriate age：Most children thought not to let their next generation to repeat the disastrous experiences again. A few children suggest that the children could take the responsibility of bearing the instrumental assignments when they are in junior high schools. The present study presents five discussions according to the results of the research： 1.The three elements including age, the content of assignment and work loading can be used to judge whether it is a parentification behavior or not. 2.The parentification can be treated as a continuum spectrum of phenomenon. The study suggests that the degree of parentification can be distinguished with five indexes. 3.When the family needs someone to take the parental responsibility, the oldest child is always the target person be considered. 4.Compared with emotional assignments, the instrumental assignments are more suitable to the range of children’s competences. 5.The study advocates that the social welfare systems should be sensitive to the phenomenon of parentification and put efforts toward the family function. In the end, the study proposes suggestions to the policy, academic, empirical and educational aspects of social work. Hopefully it could provide more concern and awareness to the parentificationized children and present the possible direction for future studies.
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Hou, Chi-yin, and 侯季吟. "The Study on the Relationship between Parentification and Prosocial Behavior of Children and Adolescents in the Underprivileged Family." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59844384911032898087.
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碩士國立臺南大學
教育學系輔導教學碩士班（到96學年度上止）
96
The purpose of this study is to discuss the relationship between the parentification and prosocial behavior of children and adolescents in the underprivileged family.This study adopted a questionnaire survey and included 1108 participants. The participants were students both from the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th grades of public elementary schools and from public junior high schools in the 96th academic year in Tainan City, Tainan County, Chiayi City, and Chiayi County. The study employed “Parentificationl Scale” and “Prosocial Behavior Scale”, which were revised by the researcher. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple stepwise regression analysis. The major findings includes： 1. Significant differences have been revealed on the parentification of children and adolescents with different background variables such as gender, grade, and birth order in the underprivileged family. After analysis and comparison in parentification,the performance of the girls in each direction was better than the boys; the performance of the third and fourth grade students was better than the junior high school students; the performance of the eldest among siblings was better than the other siblings. 2. Significant differences have been revealed on the prosocial behavior of children and adolescents with different background variables such as gender, grade, and birth order in the underprivileged family. After analysis in prosocial behavior, the performance of the girls in different aspect was better than the boys; the performance of the fifth, sixth grade and junior high school students was better than the third and fourth grade students; the performance of the eldest among siblings was better than the youngest. 3. There is positive correlation between the parentification and the prosocial behaviour of children and adolescents in the underprivileged family. When the parentification performance was higher, the children and adolescents was better in prosocial behavior. 4. The background variables and parentification can significantly predict the prosocial behavior, and the multiple correlation (r=0.720), predicted 51.8％ variance.「caregiving」 in parentification performance could most effectively predict prosocial behavior. Finally, based on the results, implications of the study for counseling and parent education as well as suggestions for future research are proposed.