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1
Edmonds, Richard Louis, and Herbert S. Yee. "Macau: From Portuguese Autonomous Territory to Chinese Special Administrative Region." China Quarterly 160 (December 1999): 801–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574100000134x.
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On 13 April 1987, the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of Portugal signed a Joint Declaration on the question of Macau, agreeing that the PRC would resume the exercise of sovereignty over the territory from 20 December 1999. In the Joint Declaration, the PRC promised that the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) would enjoy a high degree of autonomy, except in foreign and defence affairs which are the responsibilities of Beijing, as was to be the case for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The Joint Declaration further stipulated that the government and the legislature of the Macau SAR will be composed of local inhabitants and will be vested with legislative and independent judicial power. This marked the beginning of the transition period for Macau to move from Portuguese to Chinese administration.
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Ghai, Yash. "The Basic Law of the Special Administrative Region of Macau: Some Reflections." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 49, no. 1 (January 2000): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300064022.
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With China's resumption of sovereignty over Macau on 20th December 1999, another step was taken towards the reunification of Greater China. The reunification of Macau as of Hong Kong is based on the principle of “one country, two systems’, under which the socialist systems of the People's Republic of China are not applied in these territories. Instead most constituents of their previous economic, legal and social systems are preserved. In either case China negotiated what are called Joint Declarations for the resumption of sovereignty with the colonial power, under which the terms of “one country, two systems’ were spelled out. China undertook to give effect to the Declarations in Basic Laws, passed by its National People's Congress. Except for defence and foreign affairs, most matters are vested in the new entities, called Special Administrative Regions. The Basic Laws describe the constitutional system established for the regions as being characterised by a “high degree of autonomy’. As such they are an interesting addition to autonomy systems which are increasingly being applied as solutions to problems of divided societies. But the institutional support for the autonomy is particularly weak, and a closer examination of the articulation of the regions with the central authorities suggests that the primary concern in establishing the special administrative regions is less the automony for the people of Hong Kong or Macau as finding a framework for managing different economic systems from those on the mainland (I have developed these arguments in Ghai 1999).
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Berlie, Jean A. "Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China, and globalization." Asian Education and Development Studies 9, no. 2 (March 25, 2020): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-10-2017-0105.
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PurposeThis article looks at the differences and similarities between globalization and the role of China on globalization, in particular for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China (HKSAR).Design/methodology/approachThis article is based on research, reading, and interviews on globalization.FindingsChina is promoting the new globalization of the century called Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) which is a unique way to boost again the economy of China.Originality/valueStudies of the New Maritime and Land Silk Road of China are rare; in particular, the role of the HKSAR is ignored. Macau also plays a role because it was the first point of globalization in the seventeenth century. China is really a global country, and the Chinese are numerous in all continents. Chinese Internet role is also mentioned. Globalization is a key concept not only for China and Asia but also for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Africa, and countries in Latin America such as Bolivia and Venezuela. This article looks at the differences and similarities between globalization and the role of China on globalization. The HKSAR and the Greater Bay Area are part of the same country. China is developing the new globalization of the century called, in 2017, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The current definition of Chinese globalization includes land and maritime Silk Road, now the BRI.
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Bahrij, John, and Lily Ko. "An overview of English Resources for Chinese Legal Research." Legal Information Management 13, no. 1 (March 2013): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669613000078.
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AbstractThis article, written by John Bahrij and Lily Ko, focuses on resources in print and electronic form that are available in English for Chinese legal research in the Greater China region. The article covers resources for the People's Republic of China (PRC), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Macau Special Administrative Region (MSAR) and Taiwan. An overview of each jurisdictions legal system is also provided so that the resources can be discussed in the context of the prevailing system of law.
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Mendes, Carmen Amado. "Macau in China's relations with the lusophone world." Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional 57, spe (2014): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7329201400214.
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After the transfer of the Portuguese administration to China, Macau kept its role as a bridge between East and West, inspired in the Portuguese settlement 500 years ago. The pragmatism of the Chinese central government, using the Lusophone specificities of this Special Administrative Region, supported the creation of the Forum for Economic and Trade Cooperation between China and the Portuguese-speaking Countries, reviving the statute of the Portuguese language and culture in its own territory.
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Simas, Monica. "Macau: A Plural Literature?" Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas 2, no. 1-2 (March 2, 2016): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23523085-00202011.
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The return of Macau to the People’s Republic of China was nearly fifteen years ago but only recently have researchers been interested in studying the impact of the handover. This article reflects on the literature of Macao, focusing on texts exploring the displacement of poets from Portugal, Australia, and China to Macau. Poetry has been a crucial form of production that has showcased the social changes of this multicultural place. Although it is difficult to characterize a specific Macao way of life, during the transition period between 1987 and 1999, many poets sought to show the conflicts that occurred in the development of this special administrative region. This article attempts to analyze and characterize literary representations of recent Macao poetry published in Chinese, English, and Portuguese languages in order to define differences as well as a common sensibility.
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Wong, Ping Man, Alan Cheung, and Wai Wa Yuen. "A study of the mobility of mainland students." International Journal of Educational Management 34, no. 2 (August 14, 2019): 279–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-12-2018-0418.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the international mobility of mainland students in special administrative regions of China and in places outside China. Design/methodology/approach There have been studies using the framework of push–pull and reverse push–pull factors to explore the movement of mainland students to North America, Australia, Singapore and Hong Kong. This study follows up by exploring such research directions in Macau, which is another special administrative region of China. Different from previous studies, the sample of this study came specifically from 130 students enrolling in teacher education undergraduate programs in Macau. Findings In this study, using data collected from questionnaires and interviews, the factors affecting mainland student teachers’ choice of Macau as a place for their undergraduate studies are examined. Other related issues such as the challenges these students face and their intentions after their graduation are also studied. Originality/value The data collected for this study were primary and original, drawing specifically from students enrolling teacher education programs. Following the various studies on the global movement of mainland students, this study aimed at understanding mainland students’ mobility pattern in one of China’s special administration regions, Macau. In this regard, cultural identity and cultural factors were considered on top of other factors.
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Lam, Wai-man. "Promoting Hybridity: The Politics of the New Macau Identity." China Quarterly 203 (September 2010): 656–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741010000640.
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AbstractThis article traces the unique process of reconstructing the identity of the Macau Special Administrative Region and its people after the political resumption to China in 1999, and the political and economic significance of the reconstruction. As in other postcolonial contexts, identity is an arena of political contest where various discourses that embody re-appropriation of political traditions and legacies criss-cross. In Macau, the post-handover identity comprises the local, the national and the international components, with Macau characterized as a historical, colonial/cultural hybrid and economic object. In fact, the Macau identity after 1999 represents a re-appropriation of the image of colonial Macau propagated by the Portuguese administration since the 1980s. Also, identity making has been a process of incorporating instead of repressing or eliminating the identities of “the other,” and building a stand-alone national identity is not the prime task in the reconstruction of an identity. Rather, multiple identity components are deliberately incorporated and promoted. The success of the process has fabricated Macau's relatively smooth reintegration with China and enhanced the legitimacy of its new government.
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Chiang, I. Man, and Luis Miguel Dos Santos. "Brief Discussion of the Former Performance Appraisal System of Civil Servant under the Law Number 87/89/M in Macau." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 7, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v7i3.11383.
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The Macau Special Administrative Region has experienced a large number of changes before and after the Transfer of Sovereignty over Macau from the Portuguese Republic to the People’s Republic of China during the late 1999s. One of the most significant changes within the government environment should be the reform of civil servant appraisal system. Currently, the civil servants in Macau are using the new civil servant appraisal system framework under the Law Number 31/2004 “Regime geral de avaliação do desempenho dos trabalhadores da Administração Pública”. As the new appraisal system attracts a large number of attentions for research, a satisfied number of literature reviews are stored in the current research bank. However, the literature reviews and research studies about the former civil servant appraisal system framework under the Law Number 87/89/M “Estatuto dos Trabalhadores da Administração Pública de Macau” were mostly written in either Chinese language or Portuguese language. Only very few English written research studies concern the former civil servant appraisal system under the Law Number 87/89/M “Estatuto dos Trabalhadores da Administração Pública de Macau”. Therefore, this paper provides the opportunities for international and English readers to understand the administrative law reform within the Macau environment.
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Simpson, Tim. "Scintillant Cities: Glass Architecture, Finance Capital, and the Fictions of Macau’s Enclave Urbanism." Theory, Culture & Society 30, no. 7-8 (October 10, 2013): 343–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276413504970.
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This article analyzes articulations among urban enclaves, finance capital, and glass architecture by exploring MGM’s corporate investments in the Las Vegas CityCenter development and the Chinese enclave of Macau. CityCenter is an unsuccessful $9 billion master-planned urban community financed by MGM and Dubai World. Macau is a former Portuguese colony and Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China which has, since its return to the PRC in 1999, replaced Las Vegas as the world’s most lucrative site of casino gaming revenue. Taken together, CityCenter and Macau are illustrative of the political economy and cultural logics of financialization. Foreign investment from Las Vegas entrepreneurs has vitrified Macau, transforming it into a phantasmagoria of glass resorts. Macau in turn plays a crucial functional role in capitalism’s recomposition in East Asia, similar to the autochthonous role of the Italian city-states of Venice and Genoa in the historical origins of capitalism. In order to ‘read’ the cities of Las Vegas and Macau, I explore intertextual legibilities among fictitious capital that relies on glass fiber-optic technology to enable grand architectural projects; expressionist fictional representations of glass architecture and its utopian transformative potential; and glass buildings that themselves dissimulate in a manner not unlike fiction.
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Lau, Michelle M. Y. L., Li Hui, and On Leung Shing. "A Multiple Case Study on the Perceived Impacts of the 15-Year Free Education Policy in Macau." International Journal of Chinese Education 3, no. 2 (November 17, 2014): 223–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125868-12340038.
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Former Portuguese colony and now a Special Administrative Region of China, Macau had progressed from following its colonizer and its neighbouring cities, like Hong Kong and Taiwan, to establishing its own education system and being the first in the Greater China region to deliver 15-year free education. The objective of this study was to examine the perceived impacts of this policy on the affordability, accessibility, accountability of early childhood education in Macau. A multiple case study, using quantitative (surveys) and qualitative (interviews) measures, was conducted in four private kindergartens in Macau to understand how the 4 principals, 24 teachers and 119 parents viewed the policy impacts. The results indicated that: (1) across roles, parents were the most supportive of the policy and consistently gave the highest grading amongst the three stakeholders. Principals were the most knowledgeable of the policy, but graded the policy lowest and regarded the government’s financial subsidy as the most insufficient. Teachers were the least optimistic and positive about the impacts of the policy. They felt that teacher qualification and the quality of teaching resources should be further enhanced; (2) Across school types, kindergartens which joined the free education network graded the policy higher and perceived its impacts more positively than the one which did not join; (3) Extra subsidies were suggested by the respondents to cover children’s extra-curricular activities, support from childcare and special education professionals, and school-based curriculum development.
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Tieben, Hendrik. "Urban Image Construction in Macau in the First Decade after the “Handover”, 1999–2008." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 38, no. 1 (March 2009): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810260903800104.
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This paper describes the transformation of Macau's urban image in the first decade after the “handover” of the Portuguese enclave to the People's Republic of China (PRC). In the pre-handover years and the first years of the newly established Macau Special Administrative Region (MSAR), urban interventions created an image thought to assure the continuity of Macau's Eurasian identity along with future financial stability. In 2002, with the governmental decision not to renew the local gambling monopoly, Macau's urban image was radically transformed. The liberalization of the gambling industry after Macau's return to the PRC was combined with the deregulation of building heights, developer-friendly land sales, a growing number of migrant workers, and the liberalization of travel restrictions for mainland visitors. These deregulations were based on decisions by the MSAR and the PRC governments, respectively, and led to the exponential growth of Macau's GDP within only six years. This paper describes how, through these decisions, Macau's urban image and space have been transformed.
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Chris Cheung, Hin Wah, Man Yum Larry So, Chi U. Francis Choi, and Chin Fung Philip Chow. "The influence of SAR government performance on people’s trust toward Central government." Asian Education and Development Studies 8, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-04-2017-0039.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of Special Administrative Region (SAR) performance on the “trust” of Hong Kong and Macau people, who “live” under similar context of “one country, two systems,” toward Beijing Central Government. The different perceptions, relating to the abovementioned issue, of the young peoples’ are also investigated. Implication for civic education in these two societies will be brought to light. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts secondary data analysis on the captioned topic. To further illustrate the said issue, this study reviews and analyzes data from protest campaigns in both societies. Findings This paper finds that the performance of Hong Kong and Macau SAR Governments has different impacts on the peoples’ “trust” toward Central Government. It may attribute to the different perceptions about the role of Central Government and levels of democratization in these societies. Civic education emphasizing the “core spirit” of “One country, two systems,” roles of SAR and Central Governments could enable young people better comprehend their relationship with Mainland China and their role as SAR–Chinese citizens. Originality/value This paper is an exploratory study for providing implications for further research on this topic.
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Yan, Xi. "A study of Macao tertiary students’ attitudes to issues in postcolonial Macao’s language policy and planning." Language Problems and Language Planning 43, no. 3 (December 3, 2019): 241–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00033.yan.
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Abstract This study focuses on Macao, a former Portuguese colony and a Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China after 1999. A questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2012 and 2013 respectively among freshmen of the University of Macau to investigate their attitudes to issues in Macao’s language policy and planning (LPP). Findings of this study reflect their practical attitudes, as reflected in their attitudes towards the choice of English or Portuguese as the first foreign language in Macao public schools. At the same time, their attitudes also reflect their strong local allegiances and resistance to Mainland China’s cultural practices, as reflected in their views on the issue of the official status of Putonghua in the Macao SAR, the choice of Putonghua or Cantonese as the medium of instruction, and the maintenance of traditional Chinese characters, written Cantonese, and Cantonese Romanization System in Macao.
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Jeffery, Bill, and Joyce Ho-ching Kam. "Revealing a Maritime Cultural Landscape of Hong Kong: The Sai Kung Case Study." International Journal of Asia Pacific Studies 17, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 107–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/ijaps2021.17.2.5.
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Hong Kong island is located in Southern China at the mouth of the Pearl River. Its coastal location down river from the significant port-city of Guangzhou (formerly Canton), is strategically located in the trade route known as the Maritime Silk Road, the 2,000-year-old trade between China, Southeast Asia, India and Arabia. It was because of this trade that the waters and islands at the Pearl River mouth were frequented by many nations, and where the Portuguese had their port-city, Macau from 1557, and the British were based on Hong Kong island from 1842. Over the next 60 years, the British leased further surrounding territories and the arrangement eventually led to the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, hereafter called the Hong Kong region. A significant maritime cultural landscape was built up, which included sites from earlier periods. An example of this maritime cultural landscape can be seen in the Sai Kung (eastern) district of the Hong Kong region. Many ships travelled along this coastline between the northern China ports and Guangzhou, and a number of coastal facilities were established. Beginning in 2009, a group of Hong Kong residents (Hong Kong Underwater Heritage Group) implemented a series of maritime archaeological projects in the Sai Kung district in collaboration with the Hong Kong Maritime Museum (HKMM). The results of this work can be seen in three maritime archaeology survey and excavation projects implemented from 2014 to 2017, including the discovery of a 1,000-year-old underwater cultural heritage (UCH) site. They complement the many coastal cultural heritage in the Sai Kung district to reveal its maritime cultural landscape.
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Berlie, Jean A. "Macau’s legal identity." Asian Education and Development Studies 5, no. 3 (July 11, 2016): 342–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-05-2015-0019.
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Purpose – The Macau Special Administrative Region (MSAR) of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has a unique identity. This study is based on a long period of research undertaken between 1995 and 2014. Permanent residents, the Chinese of Macau and all other MSAR residents constitute a body of model “citizens” which makes their legal identity understandable in the MSAR’s present social and economic context. Macau’s legal identity is based on centuries of trade and commerce. In Article 5 of the first chapter (I-5) of the MSAR’s Basic Law, the “way of life” in Macau’s society and economy are recognized as part of the MSAR’s legal framework. However, social change may play an important role in Macau’s development. The purpose of this paper is to look at the legal corpus as though it was a physical body with rights and duties, but also capabilities based on the nationality and residence statuses of its citizens, its companies and other entities (which will be studied more specifically in following articles). Design/methodology/approach – This study has used the combined approaches of fieldwork carried out between 2010 and 2015, interviews, and questionnaires. Findings – Way of life and the concept of One Country, Two Systems are key points that contribute to Macau’s contemporary identity. Way of life in the Basic Law constitutes a complex matrix formulation based on a series of particular facts and cultural traits, which leads to a better legal definition of important concepts such as nationality and residency in the particular case of Macau. The Basic Law is the constitutional law of the MSAR, but “Chineseness” still dominates the locals’ identity from day to day. More than 65 percent of the interviewees in the survey asserted their “Chineseness.” However, both Chinese and Portuguese, will continue to be official languages of Macau until 2049. The MSAR’s Chinese society speaks Cantonese and increasingly Putonghua, but it does not seem concerned by communicating using the Portuguese language. Clayton’s thesis emphasized the “unique cultural identity” of the MSAR and wrote that what made the Chinese of Macau “different from other Chinese, is the existence of a Portuguese state on Chinese soil.” Portuguese cultural tolerance is not mentioned, but it is a historical fact that has influenced Macau’s legal identity. The MSAR’s government has done its best to harmonize Macau’s multicultural society and it has particularly protected the Sino-Portuguese way of life in Macau. Practical implications – To apply the law and maintain the existing harmony in its society and economy, legal actions have had to be taken by the Macau government and courts. The courts of the MSAR are structured in three levels and have final powers of adjudication, except in very narrow political areas. The judicial system includes the following courts, from the highest to the lowest: the Court of Final Appeal, the Court of Second Instance and the Court of First Instance (Tribunal de Primeira Instância). Originality/value – This research is unique inasmuch as studies of legal identities focussed on large regions such as the MSAR of China are rare.
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Agyeiwaah, Elizabeth. "Over-tourism and sustainable consumption of resources through sharing: the role of government." International Journal of Tourism Cities 6, no. 1 (October 14, 2019): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-06-2019-0078.
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Purpose Over-tourism signifies the dilemma of managing tourism growth in cities. With growing media sensationalism and an oversimplification of the phenomenon of over-tourism, its academic theorization has become extremely important. Using Macau, a Special Administrative Region of China as a case in point, the purpose of this paper is to theoretically explore the nexus between over-tourism and sustainable consumption in cities, highlighting governments’ inevitable role in this successful convergence. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a selective systematic literature review (SLR) of existing studies in the form of both news material and academic journals. It investigates the growing concern of over-tourism and the contribution of sustainable consumption grounded in strong political support. It also adopts a case study approach with specific reference to Macau. Findings The general overview of the literature provides evidence of an age-old concept that has re-emerged to make local residents’ voice more pronounced. Generally, the studies concentrate on understanding residents’ attitudes, the perceived impact of over-tourism, community resilience and sustainable strategies to tackle the problem. Most popular studies are recent (i.e. 2018 and beyond) and empirically set in developed cities of Europe. Research limitations/implications The SLR used in the current study requires further empirical testing to validate some of the proposed concepts in the literature. Practical implications The study highlights the role of government in ensuring that sustainable consumption is sustainably implemented in the context of over-tourism. Originality/value Given the re-emergence of over-tourism, yet with few theoretical discussions on the concept, this study serves as a knowledge-base for future studies both empirically and theoretically.
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Leandro, Francisco José, and Eusebio Chiahsin Leou. "The cyber classroom: Academic governance and sustainability in the 2020 pandemic context." Corporate Governance and Sustainability Review 5, no. 1, Special Issue (2021): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgsrv5i1sip4.
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From February to December 2020, the Government of Macau Special Administrative Region (MSAR) of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) implemented strict health measures to control the pandemic caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19). Among several other developments, universities in the territory turned to online teaching, which lasted for the entire 2020 spring semester. This paper aims to identify the empirical lessons learned from that period, from both pedagogic and governance points of view, keeping in mind the impact of technological, human-related, and governance challenges. The sustainability of online teaching for a limited period of time was directly related to the effectiveness (and speed) of external coordination (involving the relevant governmental departments) and internal commitment within the university. Despite the relative academic success and the technological transformation, one of the key lessons learned is that online teaching cannot effectively contribute to the processes of secondary and anticipatory socialization in the same way as in-person learning. Therefore, online teaching is not sustainable as a stand-alone tool in higher education. It fails to deliver secondary and anticipatory socialization particularly with regard to the sense of connection and togetherness. Clearly, the current model of academic governance has not been designed to face this type of challenge
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Mao, Aimei, Hon Lon Tam, Pak Leng Cheong, and Iat Kio Van. "“You Need to Get Over the Difficulties and Stand Up Again”—A Qualitative Inquiry into Young Nurses’ Coping with Lateral Violence from the Feminist Perspective." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (July 4, 2021): 7167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137167.
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Previous studies have reported lateral violence (LV) styles among nurses and the adverse impacts of LV on nurses and nursing. Young nurses, including nursing students and novice nurses, are often victims of LV. A large qualitative research study that contained three sub-studies exploring professional identity development in different professional stages was conducted by a research team in Macau, Special Administrative Region of China. Semi-structured interviews with nursing students and clinical nurses were carried out; among the 58 participants in the three sub-studies, 20 described some forms of LV and their ways of dealing with them. Framed by the feminist perspective, the researchers explored young nurses’ coping strategies in dealing with LV perpetrated by senior colleagues. Two themes were developed reflecting the coping strategies for LV: “making extra efforts” and “soothing emotional distress”. Three sub-themes were under the theme of “making extra efforts”: “catching up knowledge”, “making the most use of learning resources”, “adjusting communication manner”; another batch of sub-themes was under the theme of “soothing emotional distress”: “seeking support from schoolmates”, “living with family but crying alone”, and “adjusting lifestyle”. The study implied that young nurses exerted their agency in coping with LV in clinical practices. Nursing managers and educators should support young nurses’ efforts in overcoming power-based LV and incivility.
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Dos Santos, Luis. "The Cultural Cognitive Development of Personal Beliefs and Classroom Behaviours of Adult Language Instructors: A Qualitative Inquiry." Brain Sciences 8, no. 12 (December 11, 2018): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8120220.
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The researcher employed personal belief system (PBS) theory as the theoretical foundation for this study because it holds that teachers’ PBSs may influence their teaching behaviours, teaching styles, and pedagogies in classroom practice due to cultural influences. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how teachers’ personal beliefs influence how they teach and how their approach may align with or diverge from cultural expectations in a private adult learning facility for English learning in Macau Special Administrative Region, China. The participants in this study were classroom teachers in a learning community who believe in collaborating to create environments for best practices. Two main research questions guided this study: (1) What is the relationship between teachers’ personal belief systems and their classroom practice; and (2) How does a teacher’s educational experience as a K-12 student affect their pedagogy in an adult English language learning program? Three types of data collection methods were employed: interview, classroom observation, and field note taking. The findings showed that teachers utilize their personal belief systems to engage their students through interactive teaching strategies, which was counter-intuitive for both teachers and students who had been taught with Eastern teaching styles. This study contributed to personal belief system theory and broadens the understanding of the perspectives and concepts of English teaching and supervision. The beliefs of teachers influenced their understanding of teaching and their classroom practices.
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Shao, Yanju. "Pursuing doctoral studies in Macau’s private universities: pragmatic motivations and challenging experiences of Guangdong college teachers." Asian Education and Development Studies ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (May 5, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-09-2019-0144.
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PurposeIn response to the emergence of a strong cross-border student flow of postgraduate students from mainland China to the Macau Special Administrative Region (Macau), this study examines the motivations and experience of a special group of doctoral students: college teachers working in Guangdong Province and simultaneously pursuing PhD degrees at private universities in Macau.Design/methodology/approachUsing a qualitative research method, thirteen college teachers were interviewed.FindingsThe research findings reveal their motivations for pursuing doctoral studies in Macau, and the difficulties they faced and gains they obtained from this experience.Originality/valueAll the findings indicate a potential expansion of the role of Macau’s higher education system. Once merely a stepping-stone, it is now an acceleration site for brain circulation between Macau and Guangdong as part of a regionalization strategy for China’s Greater Bay Area.
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Chen, Xiuping, Wenwen Zhao, Xuenong Zhang, and Chuanhong Wu. "Abstract 268: Adiponectin Ameliorates Palmitate Acid Induced Endothelial Inflammation in Endothelial Cells." Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 35, suppl_1 (May 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/atvb.35.suppl_1.268.
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Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is considered an early event of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis and so on. Inflammation participates centrally in all stages of cardiovascular diseases and is considered as a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction. In this study, the effect of adiponectin (APN), an adipocytokine derived mainly from adipocytes, on palmitate acid (PA)-induced inflammation in endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with PA with or without APN pretreatment. The mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and ICAM-1 were measured with RT-PCR. The protein expression of ICAM-1, NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, and phosphorylation of MAPKs (JNK, ERK, and p38MAPK), IKKβ, p65 NF-κB were determined by Western blotting. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) formation were determined with DCFH2-DA and DAF-FM respectively. APN significantly ameliorated PA-induced mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and ICAM-1 and protein expression of ICAM-1, NOX2, and phosphorylation of IKKβ, p65 NF-κB, p38MAPK, without affecting NOX2 and phosphorylation of JNK and ERK. APN also partly reversed PA induced ROS formation and NO decrease. NAC, a ROS scavenger, showed similar activities. The p38MAK inhibitor, SB203580, also reversed PA induced protein expression of ICAM-1 and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and ICAM-1. Taken together, these results showed that APN improved PA induced endothelial dysfunction by regulating ROS/p38MAK/NF-κB pathways. Acknowledgement: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81160048) and the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macau Special Administrative Region (No. 021/2012/A1).