Dissertations / Theses: 'Parenting – South Africa'

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Finos, Shuvai T. "'We are actually raising South Africans''. Raising immigrant families: The parenting experiences of Zimbabweans in South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31220.

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South Africa is the most popular international destination for Zimbabwean migrants escaping the economic crisis of their country. It has been estimated that by 2016, one and a half million Zimbabwean nationals were living in South Africa. However, little research explores the lived experience of Zimbabweans in South Africa in the context of family. This is despite scholars highlighting an increase in family migration from Zimbabwe to South Africa in recent years. This study explores the parenting experiences of immigrant Zimbabwean parents raising their children in South Africa. Specifically, it investigates the ways in which raising children in a different country and cultural context influences parents’ understanding of and approaches to parenting. Nine Zimbabwean mothers and fathers living with their spouses and children in Cape Town participated in a qualitative study, with semi-structured interviews. Data was collected and analysed using thematic analysis. The study found that the participants’ overarching experience of parenting was that they were ultimately raising ‘South Africans’. Participants framed their children’s ‘South African-ness’ positively, identifying the children as cosmopolitan and empowered, which they celebrated. However, they also lamented the children’s loss of identity as the most problematic aspect of ‘South African-ness’. To navigate the resultant tensions, participants relaxed some of their existing beliefs while simultaneously implementing measures to reinforce some non-negotiable values and beliefs in their children. This dissertation argues that while parents’ understanding of parenting is strongly rooted in their cultural background and values, they adapt their parenting styles and practices according to what they calculate will enable their families to thrive. The study adds to the body of knowledge on immigrant Zimbabwean families who have become part of South African society. This is especially relevant in light of the South African government’s laudable initiatives towards regularising the stay of Zimbabweans in South Africa, such as the Dispensation of Zimbabweans Project (DZP) of 2009 and its successive permits. This study can therefore contribute to the body of knowledge that informs the ways in which South Africa can continue to respond to the reality of migration from Zimbabwe.

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Denbi, Tesfaye Birbo. "The relationship between parenting styles and antisocial behaviour." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1429.

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Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2010
This study examined the relationship between parenting styles, parental punitiveness and family structure, and antisocial behaviour, as well as the influences of parental educational levels on respondents’ antisocial behaviour. Participants consisted of 227 male and 140 female students from the University of Limpopo, whose ages ranged from 17 to 24 years. Families were classified into one of four parenting styles (namely, authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent and neglectful) on the basis of respondents’ ratings of their parents on two parental dimensions: warmth/acceptance and supervision/control. The respondents were then compared with antisocial behaviour. The results indicated that the difference between the four groups of parenting styles did not reach statistical significance on antisocial behaviour. As well as the relationship between family structures and antisocial behaviour did not reach statistical significance. However, there were significant and positive relationships between parental punitiveness and antisocial behaviour. There were significant relationships between parental educational levels and antisocial behaviour. Parental warmth and supervision were also significantly and negatively related to the respondents’ antisocial behaviour. Finally, the implications and limitations of the study are described.

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Wessels, Inge. "Parenting programmes in South Africa: investigating design and evaluation practices." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11562.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references.
Parenting programmes have been shown to have wide-ranging benefits, including the prevention of behavioural and emotional problems in children as well as child maltreatment. The majority of research conducted on parenting programmes is from high-income countries, with little available knowledge on programmes within low- and middle-income countries, such as South Africa. This study sought to identify, as far as possible, the range of parenting programmes offered in South Africa and investigate their design and evaluation practices in relation to best practices. It also sought to identify high-quality programmes which could be scaled-up successfully. This is particularly important in South Africa due to the country’s high rates of violence and child maltreatment.

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Salama, Christina H. "HIV in South African Youth: Relations with Parenting Quality and Executive Functioning." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/90.

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Black South Africans account for a majority of HIV cases in South Africa, highlighting the need for greater understanding of risks specific to this group. Within the HIV prevention and risk literature, little information exists regarding the familial and neuropsychological contributions to HIV risk in youth. The current study addressed this gap. In a group of black South African parent-child dyads, the researchers investigated the independent and interactive contributions of parenting quality and executive functioning in the prediction of HIV risk. Child report of relationship quality was negatively associated with risky sexual attitudes and externalizing behaviors. Parent report of parental monitoring/involvement was negatively associated with child pre-coital behaviors. Cognitive inflexibility interacted with child report of parental monitoring/involvement in its relation with externalizing behaviors. Results indicated that parenting may protect black South African youth with respect to HIV risk, and that executive functioning may play an indirect role in this relationship.

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Mthembu, Sibusisiwe Sandra. "An exploration of the views on parenting styles by young adults living in Umlazi: KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1685.

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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master Of Arts in Clinical Psychology in the Department of Psychology at the University of Zululand, 2017
This study examined the young adults views on parenting styles in uMlazi KwaZulu-Natal.The main objectives of the study were: 1) to explore young adults’ views on the type of parenting styles that they have been brought up with; 2) to find out if there are any differences in the parenting styles from the views of young adults raised by single or both parents and 3) to explore how parenting style has influence the developmental outcome of young adults. A sample of twelve (12) young adults raised by either parents or a single parent from birth to at least 18 years were conveniently selected to participate in the study. A semi-structured interview schedule was used to collect data and the transcribed data was analysed using thematic analysis. The findings suggest that the majority of the young adults have been raised by authoritative parents. A good quality relationship between parents and young adults was found to have made a significant difference in the young adults’ lives as it has taught them to be independent, self-sufficient, perform well at school and aspire to be great individuals in the community. It was also observed that authoritative parenting style proved to be the optimal parenting style which majority of the participants preferred to adopt and use on their children. These findings underscore the need for community counsellors to provide relationship training/ family therapy to help families with parental problems.

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Mamaleka, Mmaphuti. "Developing guidelines for indigenous practices: A case study of Makhuduthamaga municipality at Sekhukhune district , Limpopo province, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7568.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
Parenting practices play a significant role in the raising healthy functioning children. Traditionally, Black African families have had their own way of parenting their children, like all other cultural groups. However, few guidelines have been developed and recorded regarding their parenting practices. Most available parenting practices guidelines have been developed from a Western perspective. The purpose of this study was to explore the indigenous parenting practices of Black African families, with the aim of developing indigenous parenting practices guidelines for parents and caregivers, including grandparents in the Makhuduthamaga Municipality of the Sekhukhune district. The theoretical framework underpinning this study is an Afrocentricity, which focuses on reclaiming African practices. A qualitative research method was used, guided by a case study research design. The researcher used purposive sampling to select a sample of 52 participants from six villages in the Makhuduthamaga Municipality of the Sekhukhune Districts, in Limpopo Province. The participants recruited were grandparents, traditional leaders and three age categories of parents. The number of participants were as follows: 18 parents, 29 grandparents, and 5 traditional leaders. Participation in the study was voluntary, while confidentiality and anonymity was maintained. Participants were thoroughly informed about the study, and offered their by signing the relevant consent forms.

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Negota, Azwihangwisi Josphinah. "Experiences of mothers caring for children with schizophrenia in Vhembe District, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/964.

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Thesis (M.A. (Research Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2013
Mothers who care for schizophrenic children go through various personal experiences and face enormous challenges. The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of mothers whose children were diagnosed with childhood schizophrenia. Participants consisted of eight mothers of children with schizophrenia from a rural village in the district of Vhembe, South Africa. They were interviewed at their homes, using in-depth, phenomenological interviews. Eight themes emerged from the participating mothers‟ articulations. They were identified as poverty and unemployment, emotional reactions of mothers, blaming witchcraft, dealing with the children‟s violence, aggression and destructiveness, financial and social support, effect of schizophrenia on the mother-child relationship, and the loss that mothers go through. The study reconfirmed that caring for individuals with schizophrenia is not an easy task for mothers. Recommendations were advanced on the basis of the findings. Keywords: caregiving, children, expressed emotion, objective burden, parenting, phenomenology, schizophrenia, subjective burden

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Shenderovich, Yulia. "Process evaluation of an evidence-informed parenting support programme in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/279091.

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Background: Parent behaviours have a long-lasting impact on the health, education, and behaviour of the young people in their care. Group-based parenting interventions are a promising approach to improve parenting, as well as to prevent and reduce physical and emotional maltreatment of children. While a billion of adolescents live in low- and middle- income countries, few evaluations have examined parenting approaches for families with adolescents in these countries. Objectives: This study was nested within a randomised controlled trial of Sinovuyo Teen, a parenting programme for families with adolescents. The trial took place in rural South Africa in 2015-2016 with 552 families in 40 study clusters. Primary intervention outcomes included parenting and child maltreatment. This dissertation aims to: (1) describe the implementation (attendance, engagement, and fidelity) of the intervention delivered within the evaluation, (2) examine if participant characteristics affected attendance and engagement in the intervention, (3) examine if implementation characteristics affected programme results, and (4) examine if participant characteristics affected programme results. Methods: Programme implementation was assessed through observations of all programme group sessions and the records of the implementing organisation. The analyses also draw on participant self-report data from three time-points (baseline, immediate post-test, and follow-up). The data were analysed using a series of correlation and multilevel regression analyses, presented in three papers. Findings: Attendance levels in the intervention were somewhat lower than in previous similar studies, perhaps due to the role of home visits. Generally, more disadvantaged families participated at similar rates as families with more material and social resources. However, a number of factors affected attendance on individual and family levels, e.g. an overcrowded household, and at the community level, e.g. funeral and grant receipt days. Intervention fidelity was similar to the levels reported in high-income countries, thus suggesting that high implementation quality is feasible in a low-resource setting. There was no consistent impact of the variation in participation and implementation on participant outcomes. Baseline risks did not consistently affect variation in treatment effects, confirming recent findings that families at-risk can benefit from parenting support as much or more than less at-risk families.

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Benoit, Kristy Elizabeth. "The Relationship Between Parenting Style and Childhood Anxiety in an Ethnically Diverse South African Sample." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31947.

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The role of parenting variables in the etiology of child anxiety has received significant attention in recent years. Parental control, in particular, has emerged as a significant predictor of child anxiety. Parental rejection and one of its components, parental warmth, have also been linked to child anxiety. It has been suggested that the interaction of these two variables may be especially important, such that the combination of high parental control and high parental rejection of low parental warmth will result in particularly elevated risk for anxiety. Furthermore, some researchers propose that ethnicity should be investigated as a moderator of the relationship between parenting style and child anxiety. This is further supported by research that suggests that parenting styles are culturally-bound and that, within an authoritarian culture, authoritarian parenting may have only minor negative effects or perhaps even positive effects. Authoritarian parenting has been associated more so with black than white ethnicities. The present study examined whether parental warmth and/or parental rejection moderates the relationship between parental control and child anxiety in an ethnically diverse sample of black, white, and mixed-race children in South Africa. It was predicted that high parental control when paired with either low parental warmth or high parental rejection would be associated with varying degrees of anxiety in ethnically diverse children. In particular, under such conditions, it was predicted that black children would report the lowest levels of anxiety, mixed-race children would report intermediate levels of anxiety, and white children would report the highest levels of anxiety.
Master of Science

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Kokera, Sandra Betty. "A theory and process evaluation of the parent centre's teen parenting programme in Cape Town, South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32746.

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Globally, there has been increased momentum in the implementation of parenting programmes. Such programmes have been noted to be effective, with positive outcomes being observed in the parents and their offspring or children they take care of. Most of the evaluations on parenting programmes have been conducted in developed countries, creating a need for further research on implementation processes and impact in low income countries. The current project was a theory and process evaluation on the Teen Parenting Programme (TPP) being offered by the Parent Centre in Cape Town, South Africa. Through group sessions, the programme teaches parenting and life skills to teenagers who are either biological parents or primary caregivers to younger children. The evaluation objective was to develop the programme theory, assess its plausibility and evaluate the programme's implementation fidelity. The study used exploratory and descriptive research designs to address the evaluation questions. The theory evaluation component adopted a theory-based approach, collecting data through workshops with programme staff and review of documents. The process evaluation made use of primary and secondary sources to collect quantitative and qualitative data. A survey questionnaire, focus group discussion guide, key informant interview guide and checklist were used to collect data. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis. The findings indicated that (i) the TPP theory and underlying causal and process assumptions were plausible; (ii) the programme was reaching the target population and there were high attendance levels; (iii) there was implementation fidelity; and (iv) sufficient organisational support was being offered despite the prevailing financial challenges. As a plausible programme theory and high implementation fidelity are key components in ensuring programme success, the TPP was well positioned to be a successful programme. Such implementation fidelity findings indicated that the TPP had a higher likelihood of achieving its expected outcomes. The evaluation made recommendations essential in improving the few noted implementation shortcomings. A key limitation to the evaluation was that the views of the participants were not captured as access to interview them was limited. The study contributes to research on theory evaluation and implementation fidelity of teen parenting programmes in low-resource settings.

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Smith, Diane Lauren. "Penguin parenting : assortative mating, nest attendance and sex-specific chick provisioning in the African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019993.

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Animal behaviour is especially sensitive to environmental variability and prey availability during the breeding season, and this is particularly true for non-volant, central place foragers such as the endangered African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus). Individual sex and morphology, as well as the level of assortment within mated pairs can influence both the behaviour and the reproductive success of species exhibiting biparental care. This study made use of a large biometric database and nest attendance video footage to determine the influence of intrinsic (assortative mating, brood size and chick age) and extrinsic (environmental conditions, anthropic disturbance) factors on breeding behaviour and performance of African Penguins on Bird Island, Algoa Bay, during peak breeding (March - July) in 2013. While sexual dimorphism in African Penguins is subtle, the colony-specific discriminant functions presented here provide an accurate sexing tool when only bill and flipper length are available. Despite the premise that selection of a large, high-quality mate in this longlived, monogamous seabird governs lifetime fitness, only low levels of assortative mating were found, and this only for earlier breeders, when larger females (but not males) bred. The 2013 season was a particularly successful one, coinciding with above-average sardine and anchovy abundance, and almost 80 percent of monitored nests were double-brooded, with very low levels of mortality. A- and B-chicks of double broods and singleton chicks grew at similar rates and exhibited similar body condition indices. In these conditions, chick developmental rates were independent of parental size, assortment or provisioning behaviour. Females raising a double brood were significantly lighter and in poorer body condition than those raising a single chick, although the same trend was not evident in males. Offspring sex ratio in 2013 (2.27:1) favoured male chicks, suggesting that there is potential to over-produce the larger sex when resources are plentiful. Peak nest arrival and departure times of parents did not change over the course of monitored breeding attempts (March-June), nor were they different for disturbed and undisturbed nests or for a single or double brood. The increase in CCTV-observed provisioning rate as chicks grew larger was best explained by brood size, at-sea chlorophyll a concentration, and maximum air temperature, but was unrelated to parental morphology or assortative index. Importantly, parental absenteeism commenced earlier and was markedly greater in nests frequently handled by researchers than in undisturbed nests. Both the time spent together by parents, and absenteeism were measurably affected by maximum afternoon air temperatures, the effects of which are expected to be exacerbated by poorer foraging conditions and climate change. A third of manually-monitored nests shared chick-guarding duties unequally, although this phenomenon was independent of parental sex or morphology. The adaptive benefits of mating patterns and division of labour during chick-rearing may only become apparent in a year of below-average food availability and it is highly recommended that this study be repeated in a year of scarce food resources. These findings augment past foraging ecology studies and demonstrate that investigator disturbance and environmental conditions can affect the nesting behaviour of this highly threatened seabird.

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Maqubela, Lucille N. "An exploration of parenting : normative expectations, practices and work-life balance in post-apartheid South Africa, 1994-2008." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/56018/.

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This thesis explores the complexities of parenting in post-apartheid South Africa. It investigates the normative expectations surrounding motherhood and fatherhood and how employed mothers, as those who bear the main responsibility for childcare, reconcile family and paid work. It is a qualitative study which draws on 43 interviews with women and men managers in a Government Department and a Parastatal. Thirty seven interviews were with managers (21 mothers and 16 fathers), 3 with gender experts in these organisations, and 3 with Human Resources personnel. It also draws on an analysis of domestic divisions of labour in 3 households and an exploration of national legislation and workplace policies to examine how the workplace accommodates those with family/childcare responsibilities. The study demonstrates that South African parenting is complex: parental norms encapsulate the coexistence of modern and traditional values (Inglehart and Baker, 2003; Hotchfeld, 2008), rather than following a linear pattern of change from traditional to modern. Moreover, there are inconsistencies in values and normative expectations relating to gender-role attitudes and parenting expectations, as well as between gender-role attitudes and parenting practices. Incongruencies and contradictions in relation to parenting are also found between and within domains: the fast-changing workplace brought about by the new democratic government‟s commitment to equality and the subsequent transformation of the public sector contrasts with the „stalled revolution‟ in parenting practices, especially in relation domestic divisions of labour, within the domestic sphere. Using Squires‟s (2005) typology of inclusion, reversal and displacement to analyze South African approaches to workplace gender transformation, the study establishes that South Africa has adopted policies based on inclusion and reversal and has left out displacement, thus increasing women‟s representation at the workplace without challenging the status quo. To this effect the workplace has remained masculineoriented; it is characterized by a long-working hours regime and minimal work-life balance policies. As a result mothers are facing difficulties in reconciling family and paid work. However, women mobilize support outside the workplace to cope with the demands of family and paid work. The study shows that the support networks mobilized by women are influenced by socio-economic and geographical mobility associated with the rise of the new black middle-class families brought about by the political change from apartheid to democracy. The migration of families from working to middle-class areas demonstrates the fluidity of mothering and coping strategies; while fathers remain free from childcare and family responsibilities.

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Rothmann, Jacques. "Changing conceptualisations of fatherhood : the perceived impact of generative fathering on heterosexual and gay fatherhood in South Africa / Jacques Rothmann." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2898.

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In his model of psychosocial development, Erik H Erikson referred to the concept of generativity as a value that forms part of the adulthood phase of individuals. The concept has been defined as "... the desire to establish and nurture young people". Applied to parenting and in particular fathering, it refers to "... fathering that meets the needs of children by working to create and maintain a developing ethical relationship with them" (Dollahite et al., 1997a: 18). Such a relationship is important insofar as it necessitates the creation and maintenance of three psychosocial strengths, namely hope, fidelity and care - all of which are important for an individual to be healthy and functional (Erikson, 1984; 1997). The dissertation that follows primarily focused on the changing nature of fathering, with particular emphasis on a comparison between heterosexual and gay fathering in South Africa. This comparison served to indicate the manner in which these men conceptualised fathering, and the degree to which they displayed the principles of generative fathering to determine their possible differences and similarities. Evident from some of the key findings were the following. Firstly, in terms of the manner in which the men defined fathering, both groupings used similar concepts to define the position of a father. Secondly, based on the thorough discussion of the basic principles of generative fathering in Chapter Two, it was quite evident that both heterosexual and gay fathers knowingly and unknowingly ascribed to them. These included the components of generative fathering, being interaction, accessibility and paternal responsibility and the various categories of generative fathering, including ethical work, stewardship, development work and relationship work. Based on these similarities, it was of particular interest to the researcher that it was not the sexual orientation of the respondents which impacted on their relationship with their children, but rather independent factors such as the manner in which they were socialised by their fathers, their educational and occupational levels, as well as spousal support. As such, the research underscored the importance of eradicating traditional notions of the father serving only as moral figure, economic provider and gender role model. In addition, it also emphasised the fact that 'gay fathering' should not be regarded as a contradiction in terms, but that 'gay fathering' and the seemingly stereotypical 'gay lifestyle', should be viewed as two distinct and independent entities.
Thesis (M.A. (Sociology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

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Ngum, Funiba. "An exploratory study of experiences of parenting among female students at the University of the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1106_1361369984.

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Advancement in education has ensured that there is parity in terms of enrolment for
both females and males at tertiary institutions. However, women students continue to face challenges to advancing in education. Given that South African society remains highly gendered and that universities are historically male-dominated sites that do not necessarily cater for the particular
needs of women (or children), one area of challenge may relate to having to balance parenting roles with the demands of being a student. For example, at the University of the Western Cape
(UWC), students with children are prohibited from access to the residences, leaving them with no option but to seek alternative accommodation, where they can remain with their babies or look for childcare support from their relatives. While there is a growing body of work on the experiences of school-going pregnant and parenting learners, there is little work in the South African context of the experiences of women who are both parents and students at tertiary institutions. Since the national education system clearly supports and encourages life-long learning, an investigation into the conditions and experiences of learning for parenting students is important. The focus on women students was motivated by existing findings that show how normative gender roles persist and that women continue to be viewed as the primary nurturers with respect to the care of children. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of motherhood among young female students at UWC. The study was situated within a feminist social constructionist framework and a feminist qualitative methodology was employed. Two or more interviews were conducted with a group of eight participants, selected by convenient sampling, and aged between 18 and 30 years, each with a child or children under the age of five
years. Interviews were conducted at the participants&rsquo
choice of location and at a time that was convenient to them. All interviews were audio-recorded and the tapes were kept safely in the
researcher&rsquo
s home. All standard ethical procedures for research with human subjects were followed. Data was transcribed verbatim and a qualitative thematic analysis was conducted. Key
themes
were elucidated and data presented thematically. The key challenges cited included time management, self motivation and the social demands of being a mother. These tend to have adverse repercussions on academic excellence. The analysis revealed that though the young women are allowed to return to universities after becoming mothers, they face many challenges in trying to balance motherhood and the demands of schooling. Furthermore, the findings highlight the tension and ambivalence experienced by participants as they negotiate the social and cultural expectations of motherhood and their personal reality, in meeting the demands of motherhood as student mothers. In their struggle to meet the social and cultural expectations of motherhood, they placed tremendous emotional and physical stress upon themselves which manifested as guilt, physical exhaustion, psychological stress, physical illness and the desire to leave studies notwithstanding the value they attached to it. Although the participants challenged these expectations in various ways, the underlying nuances when they recounted their experiences, remain embedded in these societal and cultural expectations. However, in voicing their experiences, it was clear that they were not always simply accepting the status quo but at times challenging it, and thereby deconstructing the myths of motherhood that are so salient in current social and cultural contexts. The study also found that student mothers at UWC, at least on the basis of this small sample - do not appear to receive sufficient support on campus (physically, materially and emotionally). The study concludes that this group of
student mothers face serious challenges as mothers and students and, further, that these challenges are exacerbated by the continued social expectations of women to be &lsquo
perfect&rsquo
mothers which, together with the material gender inequalities in sharing parenting care, could impede effective academic studies. The study recommends that universities play a stronger role in alleviating the challenges for such students. In addition, it recommends that more research be conducted in the area, possibly longitudinal studies, as well as studies that may be more generalisable.

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Felkers, Karen. "Exploring the role of the parent in the aftercare of their adolescent children who participated in a treatment programme for substance abuse." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7078.

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Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW)
Substance abuse remains a debilitating social issue for many people in South Africa. It generally has a devastating effect on family life, and especially so when adolescents become dependent on substances, as it can have an adverse impact on their development. Interventions with adolescents include dealing with often complex developmental issues, dependence on family, and their support, which requires therapists to have special skills and patience to engage them in often complex treatment outcomes. The parent of a substance abusing adolescent is considered a role player in the aftercare of a substance abuse treatment programme as defined by the Prevention of and Treatment for Substance Abuse Act, 70 of 2008. The role of the parent is defined by their ability to monitor and supervise the adolescent and susceptible they are to adapt their parenting style to the suit the developmental needs of the child. The study sought to explore and describe the dynamics involved with parents and adolescents who have been through such a programme and how that can be utilised to influence their sobriety. This qualitative study, embedded in an exploratory descriptive research design, explored the role of the parent in the aftercare of their adolescent children who participated in a treatment programme for substance abuse. The population for this study included parents of adolescents who participated in a treatment programme for substance abuse and living in Port Elizabeth, Uitenhage and Despatch, in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Purposive sampling was utilised to access 17 participants, and focus group, group and individual interviews were conducted as the data collection methods. The research interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed according to Moustakas (1994), and nine main themes emerged. The findings of the study will inform service providers and organs of State regarding the services needed to ensure continued support for adolescents who have been abusing substances. The main themes relating to the goal of the study were understanding the term ‘aftercare’, reflections on why adolescents were abusing substances, reflecting on experiences while the adolescent was abusing substances, parents’ experiences after the adolescent returned home, expectations of adolescents after treatment, parents’ views of what the adolescent in recovery needs, parental roles and responsibilities in recovery, informal support to the adolescent and his/her parents and descriptions of social workers in aftercare.

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Du, Toit Elmi. "Single motherhood, parenting and mental health : the lived experience of a single mother from a Coloured community in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27562.

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Single motherhood is a growing phenomenon in South Africa, as it is in the world at large. The concept and structure of a family have changed over the last few decades and no single definition will suffice to describe or define it anymore. Various factors impact on the psychological wellbeing of the single mother. The psychological wellbeing or mental health of the single mother can influence her parenting abilities. The aim of this study is to explore the lived experience of a single mother with three dependent children, to gain a deeper understanding of her experiences as a single mother and the meaning she attaches to it. The point of view of this research is from a constructivist-interpretivist paradigm and from an ecological systems theory approach. This qualitative research study uses a single case study method with unstructured interviews to explore the participant’s experiences. Interpretative phenomenological analysis is used to analyse data, to identify main and sub-themes from the collected data, and to compare these themes with identified themes on single motherhood from existing research. The participant’s lived experience reveals that financial hardship is not the main contributing factor to stress experienced by this single mother. The accumulative effect of diverse stressors and the lack of social support due to prejudice and stigma seem to have a greater effect. This study generates questions around the stigma of single motherhood in South Africa. The reading of this text could raise the reader’s awareness of the challenges faced by single mothers and of prejudice against them. Single mothers are not less capable as individuals of handling the challenges of motherhood and parenting, but they are often exposed to more demands and stressors, compared to partnered mothers. Changing our perspectives on single motherhood can reduce prejudice, offer more social support and improve access to other needed resources.
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Psychology
unrestricted

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Lachman, Jamie Max. "Building a rondavel of support : the development and pilot randomised controlled trial of a parenting programme to reduce the risk of child maltreatment in low-income families with children aged three to eight years in South Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7787ef3c-48f0-4e7f-b9eb-a959d5a50eaf.

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Background: In high-income countries, parenting programmes have been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of child maltreatment. However, there is limited evidence of their effectiveness in low- and middle-income countries. This thesis focuses on the development and pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a parenting programme to reduce the risk of child maltreatment in low-income families with young children in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: This thesis is comprised of three studies submitted as papers for publication. The first study focused on the development of an evidence-informed, locally relevant parenting programme for families with children aged three to eight years in Cape Town, South Africa. Intervention development took place over three stages: (a) identification of core intervention components common in evidence-based parenting programmes; (b) formative evaluation using qualitative in-depth interviews and semi-structured focus groups with South African practitioners and low-income parents; and (c) integration of evidence-based approaches and local contextual issues to develop the intervention structure, protocols, and manual. The second study used a pilot RCT (N = 68 parent-child dyads) to examine the evaluation feasibility and initial effects of the parenting programme developed during the first study in Cape Town - the Sinovuyo Caring Families Programme. Parents of children aged three to eight years with clinical levels of parent-reported child behaviour problems were randomly allocated to either a 12-session, group-based parenting programme or a wait-list control group. Primary outcomes included parent-report and observational assessments of positive parenting, harsh parenting, and child behaviour problems; secondary outcomes included parent-report of parent depression, parenting stress, and social support. Assessments occurred at baseline and immediate post-test (i.e., 3-months after baseline). The third study was a mixed-methods process evaluation assessing the feasibility of the parenting programme based on three theoretical dimensions: participation, implementation, and acceptability. Quantitative data included attendance registers, fidelity checklists, satisfaction surveys, and parent-report of engagement in home practice activities. Qualitative data included post-programme focus groups with community facilitators (n = 8), individual interviews with a randomly selected group of parents (n = 15), transcripts from parenting sessions, and minutes from supervision sessions with facilitators. Results: In the first study, the formative evaluation suggested that many evidence-based parenting programme components and approaches were compatible with the local cultural context. These included managing child behaviour problems, learning effective discipline strategies, building positive parent-child relationships, and reducing parenting stress. Findings also suggested that programmes may benefit from including additional content on keeping children safe in violent communities, communicating about HIV/AIDS and poverty, involving fathers and alternative caregivers, and incorporating cultural values of social responsibility and respect. The pilot RCT in the second study showed high levels of study recruitment and retention, outcome measurement reliability and response rates, and a minimal effect of clustering due to delivering the intervention in groups of parents. Analyses showed moderate intervention effects for parent-report of increased positive parenting and observations of improved child-led play. However, observational assessments also found reduced frequency of positive child behaviour in the treatment group in comparison to controls. In the third study, quantitative results showed high levels of programme acceptability, implementation, and participation. Thematic analysis of qualitative data identified seven themes related to feasibility: (a) receptivity to strengthening existing parenting practices, (b) initial resistance to new parenting skills, (c) contextualising content within a cultural framework, (d) reinforcing implementation fidelity and improving quality of delivery, (e) challenges delivering content on nonviolent discipline, (f) supporting participant involvement, and (g) engagement in a collaborative learning approach. Conclusion: This thesis is the first in sub-Saharan Africa to use a systematic approach to develop and rigorously pilot a parenting programme to reduce the risk of maltreatment against young children in low-resource settings. Initial results indicate that a parenting programme derived from evidence-based approaches is feasible, culturally acceptable, and has the potential to reduce the risk of child maltreatment by improving positive parenting behaviour. Further intervention development and testing is necessary to strengthen core programme components and determine programme effectiveness.

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Meyburgh, Celeste. "An exploratory investigation into fathers' perspectives of school readiness." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6419.

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Magister Artium - MA (Psychology)
In recent years, the global focus on Early Child Development (ECD) has delivered mounting evidence of it being one of the most rewarding areas of investment a country can make. A central outcome of quality ECD is to provide sufficient support to enable a child to arrive at Grade 1 ready to learn. Environmental factors impacting on child development and school readiness have thus been under increasing scrutiny. Although studies have delivered evidence of fathers' unique contribution to ECD, fathers' impact on a child's school readiness is often overlooked. The overall aim of this thesis was to report on the findings of the exploratory investigation on fathers' perspectives of school readiness. All relevant ethics principles were observed in the study. The study received ethics clearance from the Senate Research Committee (HS/16/5/41). The study followed an explorative design incorporating qualitative methodologies for data collection and analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of nine fathers residing in Cape Town, who had full parental rights and responsibilities for their child in Grade R. Thematic analysis produced three themes with subthemes. The core findings suggested that first, fathers did not have a good fund of knowledge about school readiness and child development. Personal context and subjective experiences impacted or informed their views and beliefs about school readiness. Second, feedback from teachers and professionals was highly valued and was a primary source of information about their children's school readiness. Third, facilitating school readiness involved different systems and role players of which fathers are important role players. It emerged that in some ways the role of fathers remains undervalued and in others, fathers' ability to participate is diminished due to their fund of knowledge, gendered patterns to child rearing and engagement with school systems.

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Phaswana, Dembe Reuben. "How the church can engender a biblical understanding and practice of obedience to parental authority a ministry for the Reformed Church Soutpansberg among the Venda people in South Africa /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1996. http://www.tren.com.

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Schuitmaker, Nicole. "A comparison of the early social experiences of three month old infants in Khayelitsha and the greater Stellenbosch area." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85628.

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Thesis (MA)-- Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In all communities parents want to pass on strategies that will promote the survival of their children and foster their cultural competence. The ‘component model of parenting’, formulated by Keller (2000; 2007), captures universal propensities of parenting as well as cultural differences. The model hypothesizes that parenting styles are composed of different parenting systems, namely primary care, body contact, body stimulation, object stimulation, face-to-face interaction, and vocal stimulation. The proximal parenting style emphasizes primary care, body contact, and body stimulation, while the distal style of parenting focuses on verbal exchanges, object stimulation, and face-to-face interaction within the context of exclusive attention. According to Keller (2007), the dominance of certain systems over others can vary across cultural communities. This study aims to examine the cross-cultural conceptions of different adaptive and non-adaptive attachment qualities in three month old infants and their caregivers. This study explores whether culture-specific norms affect the development of different attachment qualities. It focuses on describing indigenous conceptions about parenting practices, socialization strategies, and caregiver beliefs. The study was conducted in the Western Cape region of South Africa. Participants included 25 mothers living in the greater Stellenbosch area and 29 mothers living in Khayelitsha. The measures included a socio-demographic questionnaire, spot observation videos, a picture card interview, and a socialization goals questionnaire. Data were coded according to coding schemes developed by Otto (2008). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, Mann-Whitney tests, and ANOVAs. The results indicated the Khayelitsha sample favoured a multiple caregiving arrangement, the proximal parenting style, and emphasized the importance of relational socialization goals. The greater Stellenbosch sample favoured an exclusive caregiving arrangement and emphasized the importance of autonomous socialization goals. Contrary to our expectations the greater Stellenbosch sample also favoured the proximal parenting style. The data demonstrates that cultural differences influence parenting practices and strategies. The data reported in this study challenge attachment theory’s universalism and provide an exploratory analysis of the different cultural conceptions regarding adaptive and non-adaptive attachment qualities. Further research using the same methodology needs to be conducted in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In alle gemeenskappe wil ouers strategieë oordra wat die oorlewing van hulle kinders bevorder en hulle kulturele bevoegdheid koester. Die ‘component model of parenting’, wat universele neigings en kulturele verkille in ouerskap inkorporeer, is geformuleer deur Keller (2000; 2007). Die model se hipotese stel voor dat ouerskap style uit verskillende ouerskap sisteme bestaan, naamlik primêre sorg, liggaamlike kontak, liggaamlike stimulasie, voorwerp stimulasie, een-tot-een interaksie, asook verbale stimulasie. Die proksimale ouerskap styl benadruk primêre sorg, liggaamlike kontak, en liggaamlike stimulasie. Daarteenoor fokus die distale ouerskap styl op verbale interaksie, voorwerp stimulasie, en een-tot-een interaksie binne die perke van ekslusiewe aandag. Volgens Keller (2007), kan die dominansie van sekere style bo ander verskil regoor kulturele gemeenskappe. Die studie poog om die onderskye multikulterele beskouinge rondom verbondenheids aanpassings, of gebrek daaraan, by drie maande oue kinders en hul versorgers te ondersoek. Die studie ondersoek of kultuur-spesifieke norme die ontwikkeling van verskillende verbondenheids kwaliteite affekteer. Dit fokus op die bekrywing van inheemse beskouinge omtrent ouerskap, sosialiserings strategieë, en die versorger se oortuigings. Die steekproef ws gebaseer in die Wes-Kaap van Suid-Afrika. Die steekproef het bestaan uit 25 moeders wat in die groter Stellenbosch area woon en 29 moeders wat in Khayelitsha woon. Die maatstawwe het ‘n sosio-demografiese vraelys, 20 op die plek observasie videos, ‘n onderhoud met prentjie kaarte, en ‘n sosialiserings doel vraelys ingesluit. Die data was gekodeer volgense koderings skemas wat deur Otto (2008) ontwikkel was. Die data was toe geanaliseer met beskrywende statistiek, t-toetse, Mann-Whitney toetse, en ANOVAs. Die resultate toon dat die Khayelitsha steekproef ‘n verskeie versorging benadering en die proksimale ouerskap styl verkies het. Hulle het die belangrikheid van verwante sosialiserings doelwitte benadruk. Die groter Stellenbosch steekproef het ‘n eksklusiewe versorgings benadering verkies en het die belangrikheid van autonome sosialiserings doelwitte benadruk. Teen verwagtinge het hulle ook die proksimale ouerskap styl verkies. Die data dui aan dat kulturele verskille beïnvloed ouerskap praktyke en strategieë. Die data wat in hierdie studie gerapporteer is, bevraagteken gehegtheidsteorie se universalisme en verskaf ‘n verkennende analise van die verskillende kulturele opvattings oor aanpasbare en nie-aanpasbare gehegtheids eienskappe. Verdere navorsing volgens dieselfde metodes moet nog in Suid Afrika gedoen word.

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Wang, Magretha Diane. "Ostrich (Struthio camelus) chick survival to 6 months post hatch : estimation of environmental and genetic parameters and the effect of imprinting, foster parenting and deliberate care." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20082.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African Ostrich industry was established more than 100 years ago. Despite appreciable fluctuations and modifications in demand, the industry perseveres, with meat and leather as the current primary driving force. Low and variable early chick survival is globally considered as a major constraint in the industry. In spite of obvious welfare and production implications, research findings concerning ostrich chick survival are scant. Four studies involving chick survival to 24 weeks post hatch were thus performed. South African Black ostrich (Struthio camelus var. domesticus) data obtained from a commercial pair-bred ostrich flock maintained at the Oudtshoorn Experimental Farm, South Africa comprising 10418 records were utilized to run a series of single- and multiple-trait binomial analyses using either linear models (ASREML) or threshold models (Monte Carlo Markov Chain methods, employing Gibbs sampling software) respectively. Suitable fixed and random effect models together with variance and (co)variance components were derived from these analyses. Ostrich chick survival to 24 weeks post hatch was low (28%) with a large environmental component. Preincubation storage time only affected 0 to 3 week survival, while incubator had a significant effect on cumulative survival traits to 24 weeks as well as on 13 to 24 week survival. Female chicks outperformed males at 0 to 12 weeks, 0 to 24 weeks, 4 to 12 weeks and 13 to 24 weeks with regard to survival. Hen age was significant for all traits except survival during the first week as well as for survival from 13 to 24 weeks post hatch. All analyses exhibited comparable low heritability estimates for all survival traits except for 0 to 1 week survival and 13 to 24 week survival (h2 = 0.12 and 0.10; m2 = 0.08 and 0.07 respectively) which demonstrated higher additive genetic and maternal components when threshold models, using Gibbs sampling algorithms, were employed. Neither moisture loss nor day of external pipping exhibited notable additive genetic correlations with any of the estimated survival traits. Day-old chick weight demonstrated a low correlation with early chick survival (rg = 0.24 ± 0.19) with heavier chicks tending to have a higher survival probability. The effects of rearing method on early chick survival and growth were also investigated. Comparisons between chicks reared and fostered by adult ostriches in a semiextensive environment and chicks imprinted onto humans under an intensive system and between regular human handling in an intensive rearing system and the standard farm protocol of an intensive rearing system were made. No difference in the early chick survival to 3 weeks post hatch of chicks reared by foster parents and those chicks imprinted onto humans was demonstrated. At later ages, those chicks reared by foster parents outperformed human imprinted chicks. Human imprinted chicks exposed to regular handling demonstrate an enhanced early survival when compared to chicks exposed to conventional rearing protocol in intensive systems. The study is seen to provide guidance for further research on this topic.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse volstruisbedryf is meer as 100 jaar gelede gevestig. Die bedryf is volhoubaar, ten spyte van ‘n fluktuerende aanvraag na volstruisprodukte. Vleis en leer is tans die produkte wat die meeste tot die inkomste van boere bydra. Lae en wisselende kuikenoorlewing is ‘n belangrike knelpunt in die bedryf. Navorsingsuitsette rakende kuikenoorlewing is skaars, ten spyte van ooglopende welsyns- en produksie implikasies. Kuikenoorlewing tot en met 24 weke na uitbroei is dus in vier afsondelike studies ondersoek. Data van 10418 kuikens uit ‘n kommersiële broeipaargeteelde Suid-Afrikaanse Swart (Struthio camelus var. domesticus) kudde op die Oudtshoorn Navorsingsplaas, Suid-Afrika is gebruik om enkel- en meervoudige eienskappe met of liniêre modelle (ASREML) of drempelwaarde modelle (Monte Carlo Markov Ketting metodes, met Gibbs monstering sagteware) te pas. Die metodes is gebruik om toepaslike vaste- en toevalseffekte modelle saam met (ko)variansie komponente te bekom. Kuikenoorlewing tot 24 weke na uitbroei was laag (28%), met ‘n groot omgewingsbydraende komponent. Stoor van eiers voor pak het slegs kuikenoorlewing van 0 tot 3 weke beïnvloed, terwyl die broeikas wat gebruik is ‘n betekenisvolle invloed op kuikenoorlewing tot 24 weke ouderdom, sowel as op -oorlewing van 13 tot 24 weke gehad het. Wyfiekuikens het beter oorleef as mannetjie kuikens vir oorlewing gemeet van 0 tot 12 weke, 0 tot 24 weke, 4 tot 12 weke en van 13 tot 24 weke. Broeiwyfie ouderdom het ‘n betekenisvolle invloed op kuikenoorlewing in die eerste week na uitbroei en van 13 tot 24 weke na uitbroei, gehad. Kuikenoorlewing was relatief laag oorerflik, behalwe vir oorlewing van 0 tot 1 week en vir oorlewing van 13 tot 24 weke van ouderdom (h2 = 0.12 en 0.10; m2 = 0.08 en 0.07 onderskeidelik). Drempelwaarde modelle met Gibbs monstering algoritmes het hoër additiewe en maternale variansie verhoudings in vergelyking met liniêre modelle aangedui. Genetiese korrelasies van vogverlies en die dag van uitwendige pik met kuikenoorlewing was oor die algemeen onbeduidend. Dagoudkuikengewig is laag gekorreleerd met vroeë kuikenoorlewing (rg = 0.24 ± 0.19), met swaarder kuikens wat oor die algemeen beter oorleef. Die gevolge van verskillende grootmaak metodes op vroeë kuikenoorlewing en -groei is ook ondersoek. Vergelykings tussen kuikens grootgemaak deur volwasse volstruise as pleegouers in ‘n semi-intensiewe omgewing en kuikens grootgemaak deur mense onder ‘n intensiewe stelsel en tussen kuikens grootgemaak deur gewone menslike hantering in ‘n intensiewe grootmaak sisteem onder standard plaas protokol was bestudeer. Geen verskille was gevind in vroeë kuikenoorlewing tot 3 weke na uitbroei, van die kuikens grootgemaak deur volwasse volstruise en tussen die kuikens grootgemaak deur mense . By latere ouderdomme, het die kuikens wat grootgemaak was deur volwasse volstruise beter oorlewing getoon as die kuikens grootgemaak deur mense. Kuikens grootgemaak deur mense wat blootgestel was aan gereelde hantering het verhoogde vroeë oorlewing getoon in vergelyking met kuikens grootgemaak deur konvensionele grootmaak protokol in intensiewe stelsels. Die studie kan dus beskou word om leiding te verskaf vir verdere navorsing oor hierdie onderwerp.

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Ratcliff, Tanya Marie. "Intentional single parenting by educated African-American and South African women: case studies." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2001. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/2550.

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This study examined the factors that tend to lead to intentional single parenting of educated African-American and South African women. The study was based on the premise that four factors were the dominating dynamics behind a woman’s decision to intentionally single parent. A case study analysis approach was used to document data gathered from twelve women from America and South Africa. An interview scale and an interview grid were developed. The researcher found that the four factors were significant elements in determining intentional single parenting. These factors are l) the belief of an available mate shortage, 2) educational and financial attainment, 3) the age of a woman, and 4) the desire to mother. The conclusion drawn from the findings suggest that one factor, educational and financial attainment, outweighed the others with the respondents and that each country selected a different factor that determined its decision toward intentional single parenting. The results of this study clearly identified a Stages-of-Development model for Intentional Single Parenting.

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Webber, Heidi. "Exploring perspectives of South African fathers of a child with Down syndrome." Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13535.

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A mere glance at a family photograph of the Victorian era leaves little doubt of the position of the figure exuding impervious, authoritarian detachment. Austere, rigid and solemn, it is not hard to guess who cast the shadow over the picture. Arrestingly imposing in his role as backbone of the family, this is the nineteenth century legacy image of the father. However, the last century has seen fatherhood redefine itself and the more liberal, lenient and openly loving figure replaced the strict patriarchal model. In contemporary times, fathers are regularly seen comfortably behind a stroller, outdoors with children on their shoulders, at home tousling with their children, and considerably more involved in school and social events. Unashamedly, fathers have moved toward both acknowledging and displaying a softer paternal image. By definition fatherhood is a decidedly individual concept and a unique experience, involving much more than being the male parent in a family, the family protector, or the provider of paycheques. Although the past decade has seen a surge of research and interest in fatherhood with an increased recognition that the involvement of fathers contribute to the well-being, cognitive growth and social competence of their children, there remains a deficit in research on the experiences, perceptions and involvement of fathers of children diagnosed with Down syndrome. And whilst most of this knowledge base is extrapolated from studies about the mother’s experience, true understanding requires that fathers are studied directly. Mothers and fathers respond differently to the pressure associated with raising a child with Down syndrome and literature supports the common view that men are less likely and easy to engage in therapy than women, are less likely to attend therapy, or seek help for physical or psychological problems. For fathers of any differently abled child, the distance between the idealized fathering experience and the actual one may be enormous. Based upon the patriarchy model of the family, in many conventional homes, the wife and mother is like a thermometer, sensing and reflecting the home’s temperature, whilst the father and husband is like the home’s thermostat, which determines and regulates the temperature. The equilibrium of the father plays an important role in his ‘thermostat settings’ to set the right temperature in the marriage and his family. Having a differently abled child is almost never expected and often necessitates a change in plans as the family members adjust their views of their own future, their future with their child, as well as how they will henceforth operate as a family.Some fathers may experience uncertainty about their parenting role of a child diagnosed with Down syndrome, often resulting in peculiar behaviours of the father. This may include engrossing themselves into their work, hobbies, sport, and so forth, almost abdicating their duty as father; believing that the mother knows best (sometimes using their own lack of knowledge as a cop-out); or, they simply withdraw because the mother takes such complete control of every aspect of the child that the father feels inadequate, superfluous, and peripheral as parent. Each parent grieves the ‘loss’ of the child they expected in their own individual way. However, such a highly emotive situation may be compounded by the following aspects: the undeniable pressure of caring for the differently abled child; the additional financial burden; a waning social life; and, the incapacity to cope emotionally whilst invariably displaying the contrary purely to create the illusion that they are indeed coping. Fathers need to develop strategies and skills to cope with the very real and practical needs of parenting their child with Down syndrome, to furthermore minimize relationship conflict and misunderstanding, and to support their child’s optimal development. How these specific issues are embraced and managed may dramatically influence the peace and harmony of family life as well as the marital relationship. This study explores the perspectives of fathers of a child with Down syndrome to ultimately support this unique journey as they navigate their way through “Down”town Holland, as illustrated in the analogy to follow.

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Kleyn, Lisa Marguerite. "Investigating the impact of a parenting intervention within a rural South African community: a longitudinal social network analysis." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33730.

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Colder, harsher parenting attitudes and behaviours negatively impact children's behaviour and development, and have been linked to heightened levels of violence towards children. Parenting interventions can improve outcomes by reducing violent and increasing non-violent parenting behaviours. I investigated how changes associated with a low-cost positive parenting intervention spread through a rural, low-income, South African community. Specifically, I assessed whether exposure to a community-wide social activation process and Parenting for Lifelong Health (PLH) programmes (focused on violence prevention in low-resource settings) significantly predict: (1) improved parenting, and (2) change in the communication networks of female caregivers in the whole community, while controlling for variables such as psychiatric symptoms, parenting stress, and alcohol misuse. Additionally, I investigated whether ties to parenting programme attendees in the communication network predicted improved parenting. Afrikaans-speaking female caregivers (n = 235; mean age 35.92 years), with children aged between 1½ and 18 years old, participated in the intervention; three waves of data were collected (January 2016, June 2017, and February 2019). The social network was measured based on a peer nomination procedure (of study participants whom “you talk to about parenting”). To analyse the role of interpersonal ties as pathways for spreading intervention effects, I make use of Social Network Analysis (SNA), in the form of nominations of people with whom respondents discuss parenting, together with self-report measures of parenting-related outcomes (from caregivers and their children). I then trace the extent to which both the social activation process and the parenting programmes are effective, in part, via their diffusion throughout the community. SNA was used to disentangle whether network changes improved parenting practices (i.e., selection effects) or whether reported improvements in parenting practices improved caregiver information networks (i.e., socialisation effects). Analysis of data from waves 1 and 2 indicated that community-wide improvements in parenting behaviour were evidenced. The significant predictors of improvement were social activation “dose” received, change in network centrality and the influence of indirect exposure to the parenting programmes via attendees. Furthermore, attending at least one session of a parenting programme offered in the intervention significantly predicted change in the caregivers' communication networks, indicating the spread of social influence through their network. The small subset of caregivers (n = 51; 21.7%) attending one or more sessions of a parenting programme evidenced greater activity (i.e., covariate ego effect) and potential influence (i.e., covariate alter effect) within the communication network compared to caregivers who did not attend any programme sessions. This subset of attending caregivers were more likely to reach out to other caregivers to speak about parenting after being exposed to the intervention, and both sought and received social support from other caregivers. Follow-up assessment using a third wave of data showed that while attendees remained socially influential within the caregiver network the overall community improvement was not sustained. These results illustrate the value of social network analysis for ascertaining the pathways through which the intervention achieved its impact and tracking the evolution of social norms within a community. The results indicate an association between spill-over effects from attendees to non-attendees and community-wide changes through targeted interventions.

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Ngabaza, Sisa. "An exploratory study of experiences of parenting among a group of school-going adolescent mothers in a South African township." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8071_1320757415.

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This study explored adolescent girlsâ subjective experiences of being young mothers in school, focusing on their personal and interpersonal relationships within their social contexts. Participants included 15 young black mothers aged between 16 and 19 years from three high schools in Khayelitsha, Cape Town. Conducted within a feminist social constructionist framework, the study adopted an exploratory qualitative structure. Data were collected through life histories that were analysed within a thematic narrative framework. The narratives revealed that the young mothers found motherhood challenging and overly disruptive of school. Although contexts of childcare emerged as pivotal in how young mothers balanced motherhood and schoolwork, these were also presented as characterised by notions of power and control. Because of the gendered nature of care work, the women who supported the young mothers with childcare dominated the mothering spheres. The schools were also experienced as controlled and regulated by authorities in ways that constrained the young mothersâ balancing of school and parenting. Equally constraining to a number of adolescent mothers were structural challenges, for example, parenting in spaces that lacked resources. These challenges were compounded by the immense stigma attached to adolescent motherhood. The study recommended that the Department of Education work closely with all the parties concerned in ensuring that pregnant learners benefit from the policy. It is necessary that educators are encouraged to shift attitudes so that communication with adolescent mothers is improved.

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Van, Breda Maynard John. "Guidelines for empowering secondary school educators, in loco parentis, in addressing truancy among early adolescent learners." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8481.

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Doctor Educationis
This study examined the prevalence and the nature of truancy among early adolescent learners attending secondary schools in the Education Management and Development Centre (EMDC) in the eastern metropole of the Western Cape. The main purpose of the study was to answer the following question: How can secondary school educators, in loco parentis, be equipped with the required skills and resources in order to deal with the issue of truant behaviour among early adolescent learners? A comprehensive literature review was conducted to explore the character and extent of truancy. Thereafter, various theories of child development were highlighted, followed by a synopsis comprising different dimensions of the development of the early adolescent learner. The empirical investigation was carried out through quantitative as well as qualitative research methodology. A focus group interview was conducted with six learners, offering them an opportunity to express their perceptions and experiences as truants. Interviews were conducted with principals to obtain their impressions regarding truant behaviour. Thereafter, a questionnaire, which investigated truancy related aspects such as interaction with peers, parents and caregivers' involvement in learners' school activities, educators' influence on learners' school work and learners' self-esteem regarding their schooling, was administered to three hundred learners. The quantitative investigation revealed significant aspects about truant behaviour, indicating that predominantly more male than female learners (173 male and 26 as in the case of the present study) display this type of behaviour, truants generally originate from single parent families, and that they experience their educators and learning environments as extremely negative. Finally, two in-depth case studies were conducted on two learners, one identified as a truant and the other as a non-truant respectively. The purpose of the in-depth studies was to explore possible differences in their experiential worlds. Although the qualitative data is not generalisable, the findings of the case studies have revealed significant differences in the life worlds of the two learners. Comparatively speaking, it appears that non-truant learners are significantly better adjusted on all their functioning levels than truant learners. The results of the empirical investigation were compared with relevant findings which emerged from the literature study. Based on the present investigation, the study was concluded by offering a range of recommendations to secondary school educators, in loco parentis, empowering them in addressing the phenomenon of truancy among early adolescent learners in the Western Cape with its distinctive problems.

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De, Waal Elda. "The educator-learner relationship within the South African public school system :|ban educational-juridical perspective / Elda de Waal." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8616.

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Harming the dignity of the learner; refusing to hear his side of the story; neglecting to help him retrieve his stolen property : such are the unfortunate occurrences at many South African schools, and such are the experiences that have led to this research. Dedicated educators sometimes default, leaving their wronged learners out m the cold. The questions are therefore: • What causes this conduct of educators and why does it recur? • Is it ignorance of their legal position? • Is it insensitivity to common law principles and statutory provisions? • Is it sheer carelessness? Mindful of the introduction of the South African Constitution Act 108 of 1996, wh1ch contains the long-awaited Bill of Fundamental Rights, this study has been undertaken to give an educational-juridical perspective of the educator-learner relationship 1n South African public schools by means of a literature study and an elementary legal comparative study. Various legal terms which influence the educator-learner relationship significantly are defined. In conjunction with the private law status of the learner, the position of the learner within the school system, and the fundamental rights of the learner in the context of the administration of justice are identified and dealt with in so far as they have any bearing on the educator-learner relationship, Moreover, the legal determinants of the educator-learner relationship and the educator's duty of care are pinpointed to determine their significance in an accountable, responsive and open educator-learner relationship, A comparative school law perspective of the sources of school law, the duties and responsibilities of educators, the fundamental rights and legal obligations of the learner, the educator's duty of care, discipline and legal liability in England and Wales, Canada, Japan, and South Africa is presented in terms of similarities and differences, Attention is paid to the necessity of informing educators and learners concerning their respective rights and duties, in order to develop accountable, responsive and open educator-learner relationships in South African schools,
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2000

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James, Bathea S. "Birth order, parenting and stuttering." Thesis, 1994. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/25416.

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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Social Work.
The study sought to investigate the relationship of maternal and paternal attitudes and child-rearing practices towards children of different birth order positions. The research also investigated possible differences in the childrearing practices and attitudes toward" their children, of parents who had a child that stuttered, and of parents ill which there was no child wuo stuttered in the family. The research was conducted among a selected sample of forty three families who were matched on certain variables. Group A comprised thirty families in which there was no child who stuttered, and Group B comprised thirteen families each of whom had a child who had been identified as suffering from the disorder of stuttering. The data were collected by means of a postal questionnaire, and then analysed quantitavely and qualitatively using various statistical analyses. Selected variables were studied in an attempt to assess the possible effects on children as a result of birth order, parenting and stuttering. Findings revealed that parental attitudes towards the children of different birth order positions were not significantly different, However, the parents' expectations of and perceptions of their firstborn child's intelligence differed from their expectations and perceptions of their other children, No differences in child-rearing were identified between the parents of children who stuttered. and the parents of children who did not stutter. However, the parents in Group B reflected more confidence in their parenting skills. Religious centres were identified as being a popular venue for parenting programmes especially for the parents in Group A. Practice guidelines for social workers rendering services to the family in which there was a child who had the disorder of programmes were enumerated. Social workers need to be aware of the individual in interaction with an levels of the ecosystem. Social workers must also take cognizance of alternate family structures, the importance of the father in the development of the child and for Inclusi..a in therapy and benefits and methods of parenting programmes as a preventative tool to alleviate the possibility of future pathology.
Andrew Chakane 2018

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Rahim, Rehana Bibi. "Sharing of parenting after divorce." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9517.

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Separation and divorce have become normative life events for many families throughout the world. According to the most recent statistics, during 1998, a total of 35 792 divorces were granted in South Africa alone, resulting in 45 123 children being affected by the divorce of their parents (Statistics South Africa - Statistical Release PO 307). Children who best survive their parents divorce are those maintaining significant and positive relationships with both parents. Children whose parents share parenting also cope better with the consequences of divorce. This study therefore attempted to provide insight into the personal experiences of divorced parents in relation to sharing of parenting after divorce. In this qualitative study, the researcher used the snowballing technique of sampling. A total of 16 divorced parents, including eight mothers and eight fathers, were included in the sample. The sample comprised of custodial, noncustodial and joint custodial parents who had been divorced for a period of at least two years. The interview schedules were personally administered and manually analyzed by the researcher. From the main findings, it was ascertained that respondents experienced tremendous difficulties in coping with the aftermath of divorce more especially in the realm of co-parenting. The main challenges they have had to face were problems relating to access to children, conflict in post-divorce relationships, stress related to the remarriage of ex-spouses, lack of sharing of parental responsibilities, communication problems and lack of therapeutic support. In order to promote effective post-divorce parenting, the researcher made recommendations with regard to the provision of educational programmes and therapeutic services for parents, children and other interested parties affected by the divorce. Recommendations, pertaining to divorce, are also made in respect of the justice system in South Africa.
Thesis (LL.M.)-University of Durban-Westville, 2002.

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Westcott, Alexandra. "HIV-related sexual risk behaviour, parenting styles and socio-economic status in South African adolescents." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12587.

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With increasing rates of HIV prevalence in South Africa, research focus is on examining factors that may affect HIV-related sexual risk behaviour, especially in adolescents. Two such factors, parenting styles and socio-economic status (SES) have been highlighted. Despite remarkable consistence in parenting style research, with the authoritative parenting style reliably associated with positive outcomes, the applicability of this model in diverse contexts is questioned given that the majority of this research was conducted in White, middle-class populations. Both parenting practices and SES have produced some inconsistent results in relation to sexual risk behaviours; where results have been dependable, they have failed to account for the mechanisms influencing such relationships. The current study aimed to determine if the documented parenting styles – and SES - sexual risk behaviour relationships could be found in 366 South African adolescents. The study also explored parenting style as a moderator and/or a mediator in the SES – sexual risk behaviour relationship, and SES as a moderator on the parenting style – sexual risk behaviour model. The participants completed adapted self report questionnaires (Parenting Style Index (PSI) and Adolescent Sexual Risk Behaviour Questionnaire) and a self-developed biographical questionnaire. Both the parenting styles – sexual risk behaviour and the SES – sexual risk behaviour relationships were found (r =-.21 and -.24 respectively, p <.0001). While the mediation model was disproven, SES and parenting style were both found to act as moderators (F6, 363=2.15, p=.0469). These results are valuable in terms of providing knowledge that may help to develop relevant and effective sexual risk behaviour intervention programmes, as well as adding richness to the current fields of parenting style, and sexual risk behaviour research.

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Weitsz, Gillian Hume. "Towards a school-based parenting programme on early adolescent sexuality." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12925.

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Goodrum, Nada M. "Parenting and Youth Sexual Risk in South Africa: The Role of Contextual Factors." 2014. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/psych_theses/128.

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Black South African youth are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic, and risky sexual behaviors increase youths’ vulnerability to HIV infection. U.S.-based research has highlighted several contextual factors that impact sexual risk, but these processes have not been examined in a South African context. In a sample of Black South African parent-youth dyads, this study examined relations among parenting, neighborhood quality, maternal social support, coparenting, and youth sexual risk. Hypotheses were evaluated using structural equation modeling. Results revealed that better neighborhood quality predicted less youth sexual risk via higher levels of positive parenting. Social support was positively related to parenting quality but did not interact with neighborhood quality to impact parenting. Coparenting did not moderate the relation between parenting and sexual risk. Results highlight the importance of family- and community-level processes for youth sexual risk in an understudied and high-risk sample. HIV prevention-interventions should be informed by these contextual factors.

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Moremi, Dikeledi Margareth. "Parenting styles and the adjustment of black South African grade I children in single parent households." Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/883.

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The present study examined the relationship between parenting styles and the socioemotional adjustment of children at school. A sample size of 90 research participants was selected and included black South African grade I school children aged between 6 and 7 years from single parent households in Pretoria Central. Factor analyses and Cronbach's alphas were determined in order to establish the validity and reliability (alpha= 0.89 and 0. 72 respectively) of the measurement instruments. In general, results were inconsistent with previous findings: The three parenting styles had no direct relationship with children's socio-emotional adjustment at school. Except for two links, non- significant relations between parenting styles and six subscales of socio-emotional adjustment were detected. However, maternal age, preschool attendance and gender of the child interacted in different combinations with four of the six subscales of socio-emotional adjustment. Future studies investigating parenting styles should take account of other areas of adjustment.
Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)

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Lloyd, Jacqueline. "Exploring perspectives of parents on challenges of parenting children born from interracial relationships : a gestalt field perspective." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4345.

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The phenomenon of interracial couples who are also parents is on the increase in South Africa, since one in every four marriages is interracial. An empirical study was undertaken to conduct applied, exploratory, descriptive, evidence-based research to describe the perspectives of interracial parents as related to Gestalt Theory, parenting challenges and strategies towards a sense of self and cultural identity of their children. A qualitative approach utilizing an open ended questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with six interracial parent couples was transcribed and analysed. The study concluded that interracial parent couples’, in respect of dealing with societal-non-acceptance of themselves and their “mixed” children, utilize several strategies including avoidance and focusing on the positive; that certain aspects play a vital role in the formation of their children’s sense of self and cultural identity such as religion or faith and both parental identities.The implication of this research is that despite the challenges there are no marked effects on their children’s identity and that interracial parenting strategies must be sound.
Social Work
M.A. Diac. (Play Therapy)

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Yates, Julianne. "South African adolescent mothers' experiences of parenting and representations of their infants and the relationship between them." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12619.

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This study aimed to investigate teenage mothers’ experiences of motherhood and their internal representations of their infants and the relationship between them. In addition, this study aimed to investigate whether there was a connection between teenage mothers’ experiences of parenting and their internal representations of their infants and the relationship between them. Through the use of semi-structured interviews, adapted from the Parent Development Interview and the Working Model of the Child Interview, four teenage mothers from Alexandra were interviewed. The data collected from these interviews was analysed using narrative analysis through the hermeneutic lens of psychoanalytic attachment theory. From the analysis, this study found that teenage mother’s experiences of motherhood were marked by challenge. The two main challenges faced by these young mothers were the tension they experienced between their identities as teenagers and their identities as mothers, and their struggle to provide for their infants and feel like good enough mothers. In addition, this study found that teenage mother’s internal representations of their infants included a representation of both the good baby and the bad baby, but, with the exception of one mother, their representations tended to remain split and the mothers seemed defended against their representations of the bad baby. In terms of their representations of the relationship between them, this study found that these teenage mothers’ representations of their relationship with their infants was lacking. These representations either consisted of a superficial representation of a good relationship between mother and infant, or no relationship at all. Finally, this study found that teenage mother’s experiences of motherhood and their internal representations of their infants and the relationship between them were connected. A number of factors that were found to influence both their experiences and their internal representations include their own mental states, their memoires of their own childhood and their representations of their caregivers, as well as the levels of social support they received. The study therefore concluded that teenage mothers’ experiences of motherhood and their internal representations of their infants and the relationship between them were connected, however further research is required to establish the causal relationship between these factors.

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Matheba, Mmathato Calphurnia. "The experiences, challenges and coping strategies of fathers, parenting children, abusing illegal substances : suggestions for social work support." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27108.

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The proposed research aims to explore and describe the experiences, challenges and coping strategies of fathers, parenting children, abusing illegal substances. The use and abuse of illegal substances became national and global dilemmas. The impact and damage caused when drugs are widely used over time is irreversible, as it influences the lives of users and those of their families, their communities, and the country. This research provides an opportunity for fathers, parenting children, abusing illegal substances to share their experiences and challenges. Data are collected by conducting in-depth and face-toface interviews with the participants. The collected data are analysed by following the eight steps of Tesch in Creswell (2009:186). Data are analysed using Lincoln and Guba’s model of trustworthiness of qualitative research for validation. The study endeavours to obtain an understanding of the experiences and challenges encountered by fathers, parenting children, abusing illegal substances and how social workers could assist in addressing this dilemma.
Social Work
M.A. (Social Work)

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Baker, Suzanne. "Ouerbegeleiding vir werkende moeders." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9583.

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M.A. (Social Work)
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a particular parent guidance programme on the stress experienced by working mothers. The programme was aimed at the working mother, given her particularly difficult position and resulting stress, as well as the importance of the mother's role in child care. A specific programme known as "Ouerverrykingsprogram" was presented to working mothers and its effect was evaluated with regard to certain areas of stress. In evaluating the effectiveness of the parent guidance programme, the specific goal of the study was to ascertain whether working mothers, subjected to the programme, experienced a difference in stress on the following aspects: intrapsychic stress, work stress, family stress (referring to both marital and parent-child relationships), total stress. with this goal in mind the following objectives were set for the study: To give a theoretical discussion of the working mothers dilemma. To discuss the enriching and preventative value of parent guidance for working mothers. To apply an existing parent guidance programme in practice and to evaluate certain components relevant to the main goal. To ascertain the effectiveness of the programme by means of of an evaluation questionnaire focussing on the opinion of subjects regarding the course.

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Petty, Ann. "The Welbedacht East parents’/ primary caregivers’ perceptions and practices of ‘good enough’ parenting and the development of a locally specific parenting support intervention." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26466.

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Intensifying interventions to improve the quality of care that children receive from parents/ primary caregivers is mandated by several strategic objectives, such as the National Plan of Action for Children 2012-2017 (South Africa 2012), the White Paper on Families in South Africa (2013), and the Children’s Amendment Act 41 of 2007 (South Africa 2007). Parenting programmes remain popular parenting interventions (Daly, Bray, Bruckauf, Byrne, Margaria, Pecnik & Samms-Vaughan 2015:18; Richter & Naicker 2013:9) reporting outcomes of enhanced parent-child relationships, improved behaviour of children, and reduced parental stress. There is a concern that parenting programmes offered in South Africa lack evidence of their efficacy (Wessels 2012:9) and cultural and contextual relevance for the recipients (Begle, Lopez, Cappa, Dumas & de Arellano 2012:56; Richter & Naicker 2013:1). The study developed a locally specific parenting support intervention for parents/ primary caregivers living in the low-cost housing development of Welbedacht East using the Intervention Development Design model. Parents/ primary caregivers were involved throughout the study, contributing to the intervention’s applicability, as well as its contextual and cultural relevance. Bioecological and social inclusion theories framed the study. A qualitative research approach supported by an exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was used. Two purposive samples (parents/ primary caregivers and community champions) were recruited. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the data. Thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke 2006) produced the findings that were presented at a consultation workshop attended by research participants and relevant stakeholders where the parameters of the intervention were determined. These were subsequently developed into the elements and intervention protocols by four indigenous community experts following the Delphi process. Lincoln and Guba’s (1985) approach to trustworthiness as presented by Porter (2007:85) and Thomas and Magilvy (2011:152) was used. Cultural competence was maintained throughout and ethical considerations were observed to circumvent harm to participants and uphold the integrity of the research process. The perceptions of the parents/ primary caregivers were consistent with scholarly indicators of ‘good enough’ parenting, but the contextual stressors they experienced challenges their ability to fulfil some of these indicators. An intervention was needed to increase parental capacity to improve parent-child relationships, cultivate life skills for improved psychological health, and advance the financial independence of parents. It was concluded that a parenting programme on its own would fail to address the most pressing needs of parents/ primary caregivers living in disadvantaged circumstances and custom-made parenting support interventions were needed to increase parental capacity to manage the structural challenges that compromised parenting, such as socioeconomic interventions of a social developmental nature.
Social Work
D. Phil. (Social Work)

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Adams, Celeste Myrtle. "Ouerbegeleiding aan stedelike swartes." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12473.

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Combrinck, Candice. "Experiences of professionals in drafting and implementing parenting plans in high-conflict separation and divorce matters in South Africa." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14317.

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This study focused on the experiences of professionals in drafting and implementing parenting plans with high-conflict separating and divorcing families in the South African context. The primary aim of the study was to explore the participants’ personal and professional experiences through an in-depth and sensitive inquiry. The data was collected from five participants using face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. The results of this study indicate that professionals experience various challenges when working with high-conflict separating and divorcing families. The participants also shared their perceptions regarding parenting plans. Further research on the challenges specific to drafting and implementing parenting plans with high-conflict separating and divorcing families in the South African context is recommended
Psychology
M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

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Coleman, Cindy. "An exploration of factors that are perceived to create parenting stress among mothers for whom pregnancy was mistimed or unintended : an object relations perspective." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7447.

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It is a novel experience for a woman to enter into motherhood. While she may have some familiarity with basic methods of childcare, the experience of caring for her own child is a new one. Becoming a mother elicits a transformation for a woman, from a „self as a self‟ to a „self as a mother‟. When the pregnancy is unplanned, this transformation may be particularly complicated. This study explored this transformation by focusing on the stressors and supports mothers reported during pregnancy and in early motherhood, for women whose pregnancies had been unintended. The study utilized a psychoanalytic perspective, particularly object relations theory (ORT), to understand how the mother‟s object relations have been influenced by her perceptions and her stress levels, in her transition into motherhood. A qualitative approach was adopted in this study, so that the researcher could gain a “rich” description of the participants‟ experiences of pregnancy and motherhood. Five mothers, whose eldest was four years or younger and who had not intended to conceive, participated in focus groups and individual interviews. The data gained was analysed by means of thematic analysis, which brought about a list of perceived stressors and support factors. These stressors were categorized and discussed in relation to child-specific factors, factors specific to parenthood, environmental factors, and factors specific to the unintended nature of the pregnancy. The perceived supports included psychosocial support, allomaternal support, financial support, and information.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2010.

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Ramjatan, Netisha. "Effects of sibling parenting on orphaned and vulnerable children in the role of parents." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19955.

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Children heading their households are not a new phenomenon in South Africa. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been the number one cause behind the emergence of many child-headed households in sub-Saharan Africa. This qualitative research inquiry was guided by an interpretivist epistemology. Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory was used as the theoretical framework that guided this study. A case study design was used with un-structured interviews being the primary method of data collection. Participatory task-based methods in the form of metaphors and story writing, informal observations, questionnaires and field notes augmented the data generation process. Purposive sampling procedures were used and two participants were chosen for this study. Thematic analysis of data generated the themes and sub-themes which provided insight into the lives of children in the role of parents. Findings of this study reveal that orphaned and vulnerable children in the role of parents have the task of taking care of their siblings by providing food, washing their clothes, sending them to school and helping with their homework. They also have the added task of making decisions in the home and providing parental guidance to their younger siblings in the absence of their parents. Children in this study also experienced poverty and faced stigma and discrimination from relatives, peers, neighbors and members in the community
Educational Studies
M.Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

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Van, Schalkwyk Hester Marieta. "Die ontwikkeling en die evaluering van 'n ouerbegeleidingsprogram vir enkelouers." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11063.

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Kerr, Pamela Pearl. "A psycho-educational programme to enhance the efficacy of parents of adolescents." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1361.

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The aim of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate a psycho-educational programme to enhance the efficacy of parents of adolescents. Thus, the research project can be identified as formative, evaluative research. To this end, an investigation was undertaken to determine how the efficacy of parents of adolescents could be enhanced through an understanding of: * the life phase of adolescence; * the life phase of parents of adolescents; * the role of parents of adolescents; * factors influencing the parenting of adolescents (e.g., generational effects and the influence of family structure on parenting); * the challenges facing adolescents and their parents which may hamper parenting efficacy; * factors which assist parents of adolescents to overcome challenges and improve their parenting efficacy; * parenting skills which foster parenting efficacy; and * the nature of a psycho-educational programme which could enhance the efficacy of parents of adolescents. A literature study provided the theoretical background to the development of the above mentioned programme. In the next phase of the study, a psycho-educational programme was developed based on the literature review, a study of similar programmes and a pilot study conducted with parents. The programme aimed at helping parents to become aware of their parenting practices, to encourage them to increase knowledge and understanding of themselves and of their adolescent children and to develop personal strategies and skills to cope with parenting challenges. The programme was implemented with a group of 21 parents of adolescents (five fathers and sixteen mothers) living in George, South Africa during sessions held once per week over a period of six weeks. Participants were divided into three groups: six single parents; eight parents of nuclear families; and seven parents from blended-extended families. Data was collected qualitatively during each meeting. In addition, focus groups were conducted at the end of the six weeks. The findings indicated that the programme enhanced the efficacy of the participating parents in supporting the development of their adolescent children.
Educational Studies
D.Ed (Psychology of Education)

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Erasmus, Dicky Geertruida Jacoba. "Tienderjarige moeders se kennis oor ouerskap." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9963.

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Young, Kelly Anne. "Exploring bullying, cyberbullying and the authoritarian parenting style among grade six and seven learners in Benoni." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18760.

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This study aimed to gain insight into the nature and extent of traditional and cyberbullying among Grade Six and Seven learners in four public primary schools in Benoni. Using the Social Learning Theory as a basis for understanding bullying as a learned behaviour (socially learned through the observation of authoritarian parents), a quantitative research method was applied which utilised an online self-report questionnaire to examine the relationship between bullying and the Authoritarian parenting style. Results indicate that 50.4% of learners had been victimised, while 31.6% and 8.8% had engaged in perpetrating traditional and cyberbullying, respectively at least once (N = 279). Further results revealed that the Authoritarian parenting style is significantly related to the perpetration of both types of bullying. These results bring to the fore the reciprocal relationship between both types of bullying, and indicate a need for systemic intervention at the primary school level (involving parents/caregivers). Interventions should therefore not seek to separate types of bullying into discreet problems, but rather focus on their common underlying aspects, including parenting behaviours
Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)

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"'n Ouerbegeleidingsprogram met die adolessent as vennoot." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13414.

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M.A.
From both a practical and a theoretical viewpoint, it seemed necessary to formulate a parent education programme that highlighted in terms of content both the needs and developmental tasks of the adolescent. In order to confirm the content on the process level of this programme, it was important for the adolescent to be involved in the presentation of the programme. The purpose of the research was therefore to formulate and evaluate a parent education programme with the adolescent as partner. The assumption was made that the programme would be more effective, should the adolescent be involved in the presentation thereof, than should the mother be the sole participant. The programme that was formulated for this research is an integration of several approaches to parent education. Relevant information with regard to the developmental stages of both parent and adolescent was included in the programme. Specific importance was however placed on the parent-adolescent relationship and on communication skills •. A single subject research design was used to evaluate the programme. Two middle aged mothers and their two adolescent daughters were used as subjects. In the case of the experimental sample, both mother and daughter attended the programme. The control sample, however, was only represented by the mother's participation in the parent education programme. Target behaviours were defined in operational terms for the research in order to make possible the objective observation thereof. Each person's target behaviours were seperately observed, but the comparison of the two mothers' behaviours, as well as that of the daughters, was made possible by graphic representations.

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Simelane, Ayanda. "The role of resilience and socio-economic status in the parenting of children with autism spectrum disorder in South Africa." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/18281.

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A research project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MA in Psychology by Coursework and Dissertation, in the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. 05 May 2015.
The purpose of this study was to understand the role of resilience and socio-economic status (SES) in the parenting of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in 3 South Africa cities (Johannesburg, Pretoria and Durban). This study also intended to understand the extent to which SES moderated the relationship between resilience and parental daily stresses. A total of 102 parents of children with ASD completed three measures (Family Resilience Assessment Scale, Parental Daily Hassles Scale and Hollingshead Two Factor Index). Pearson’s correlation revealed significant moderate correlations between parental daily hassles (frequency and intensity scales), Family Resilience Assessment Scale, and SES. A regression analysis illustrated that the parent’s gender was a significant contributor in the daily hassles of parents (Frequency and Intensity). A t-test analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between fathers and mothers in favour of the latter on Parental Daily Hassles Frequency and Intensity. A stepwise regression illustrated that SES moderated the relationship between Resilience and Parental Hassles (Intensity). The family’s SES levels had a significant impact in the resilience levels of the parents such that lower SES parents were faced with more micro level challenges that impacted in their parenting.

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Mathebula, Rifununi Nancy. "School-based interventions into effects of school girl pregnancy on teaching and learning in Mopani District, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1439.

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DEd (Educational Management)
Department of Educational Management
This study sought to establish the impact of interventions employed by schools to support the teaching and learning of pregnant and parenting learners (PPLs) in the Mopani district of Limpopo province, South Africa. The study employed qualitative research methodology to gather narrative data from 68 key school-based education stakeholders who were purposively sampled and interviewed on what their schools were doing to support the teaching and learning of PPLs they enrolled. Data were collected through face-to-face and focus group interviews, as well as document analysis. The study revealed that although all the four schools provided basic access to education for PPLs, their inclusive support systems and strategies to assist PPLs to cope with and benefit from the school curriculum activities were largely superficial due to the following challenges: educators, as the primary duty bearers to PPLs were not trained to identify the educational needs of PPLs and to implement relevant strategies for teaching and learning of PPLs; there was inadequate political-will to support PPLs by educators; there was inadequate collegial relationship between mainstream learners and PPLs, there was no synergy between national and school policies on management of schoolgirl pregnancy and there was non-involvement of other professionals to provide psycho-social support at the four schools. The study revealed that cultural and traditional practices of the community contributed to the negative attitudes to teenage motherhood that resulted in inadequate support service provision and structures for teaching and learning of PPLs. The study recommends that the Department of Education (DoE) must put in place formal training on policy and practice for all the key school-based education stakeholders and employ a multi-sectoral counselling system to support enrolled pregnant and parenting schoolgirls to cope with schooling.
NRF

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Ipland, Christiaan Heronimus. "Riglyne vir 'n begeleidingsprogram aan ouers van gedragsgeremde leerlinge in multikulturele skole." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10160.

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M.Ed. (Multiculturalism and Education)
It appears that much research has been done in the past on parent education, but with the emphasis on the white community. As a result of the present movement in the RSA towards multicultural education, the need for parent education in all population and ethnic groups has been increased. This area of study has been grossly neglected up to now. Due to the problematic nature of the above-mentioned situation, this study is aimed at compiling guidelines for an education program for parents of behaviorally disturbed children in the multicultural school. An investigation into the characteristics of the behaviorally disturbed child was attempted by means of a study of literature. Existing parent education programs were also studied and evaluated. Insights derived from this study were then adapted to create a set of general and a set of specific guidelines for and education program for parents of behaviorally disturbed children in the multicultural school.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Parenting – South Africa'

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