Academic literature on the topic 'Parents' polygamy'

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Journal articles on the topic "Parents' polygamy"

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Wati, Ririn Yunda, Alimron Alimron, Abu Mansur, and Sofyan Sofyan. "POLA ASUH ORANG TUA YANG BERPOLIGAMI DALAM MENDIDIK AKHLAK ANAK (STUDI KASUS DI DESA V JEMENANG KECAMATAN RAMBANG DANGKU KABUPATEN MUARA ENIM)." Jurnal PAI Raden Fatah 3, no. 1 (2021): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/pairf.v3i1.5405.

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Parenting patterns of polygamy parents in educating children's morals (case study in V Jemenang Village, Rambang Dangku District, Muara Enim Regency). The formulation of the problem in this research is how is the parenting style of polygamy parents in educating children's morals (case study in Jemenang V village, Rambang Dangku district, Muara Enim Regency)? as well as what are the obstacles faced by polygamy parents in educating children's morals (case study in V Jemenang Village, Rambang Dangku District, Muara Enim Regency). The purpose of this study was to determine how parenting practices of polygamy parents in educating child morals in V Jemenang Village, Rambang Dangku District, Muara Enim Regency and to find out what are the obstacles faced by polygamy parents in educating child morals in V Jemenang Village, Rambang Dangku District, Muara District Enim.
 This research is a qualitative research. Data collection techniques in this study used interview, observation and documentation methods. Data analysis in this study uses data analysis from Miles and Huberman which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing or verification of data (conclusion drawing or verification). Based on the results of the study show that First, many ways or patterns of parenting that are used by parents who practice polygamy in educating children is the authoritarian parenting, democratic parenting, and permissive parenting, Second, the obstacles faced by parents who polygamy in educating child morals are , lack of economy so that the time between parent (father) and child is reduced, so that the lack of communication between child and parent, the sharing of affection so that the lack of affection felt by the child, parental attention is lacking so that the child falls into wrong promiscuity, and the rigors of the ego children have that makes it difficult for parents to educate children.
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Sa’dan, Masthuriyah. "POLIGAMI ATAS NAMA AGAMA: Studi Kasus Kiai Madura." ESENSIA: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin 16, no. 1 (2015): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/esensia.v16i1.989.

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Having more than one wife for Madurese Kyai is not unusual. In fact, parents would feel proud and happy when their daughters are proposed to be one of the Kyai’s wifes. This discussion exclude the fact of socio economic factors and the low level of knowledge and education among Madurese girls. In this context, some Kyais that served as role models and religious leaders, have taken the benefit through the theological proposition that polygamy is the sunnah of the Prophet and Islam. It is urgent then to reconstruct the paradigms of some kyais and Madurese community. Applying a contemporary socio humanities approach and Feminist Islamic analysis, the article constitutes that polygamy is the result of unfair religious interpretations of gender. In this regard, polygamy is a crime in the form of marriage since polygamy is only for the man’s libido and sexual modus. In other word, polygamy violates women and children’s human rights.
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Ali Syahputra. "Representasi Poligami Dalam Film “Bismillah Kunikahi Suamimu”." QISTHOSIA : Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum 5, no. 1 (2024): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46870/jhki.v5i1.756.

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This paper examines the practice of polygamy represented in the film Bismillah Kunikahi Suamimu by Vyntiana Itari. This paper explores the phenomenon of polygamy in a film that raises the question of how polygamy is represented in the film Bismillah Kunikahi Suamimu. The issue of polygamy in a film is very interesting to study to see if a film can provide education to the public. Through this film, people will easily gain knowledge, even though they are just watching, but without realizing they will gain knowledge. This research uses a qualitative approach by using Sara Mills' discourse analysis, the researcher's subjective interpretation is based on the representation theory developed by Stuart Hall. This paper focuses on the perspective of feminism and analyzes the position of the subject-object and the audience in representing polygamy in the film "Bismillah Kunikahi Suamimu". In this paper, it is found that the movie "Bismillah Kunikahi Suamimu" depicts polygamy from the perspective of women who are empirically the objects in the practice of polygamy. So that it provides more space to provide definitions related to polygamy experienced by women. The results of this study show that in filmmaking, the director is more likely to take the story from a woman's point of view so that the audience will see events from a woman's perspective. The conflict found in the movie "Bismillah Kunikahi Suamimu" is the inner war of women and the unwillingness of parents when their children are polygamous.
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Jumala, Nirwani, and Muhammad Zawil. "Sakinah Family Portrait In A Polygamous Family (The Impact of Polygamy On The Welfare Of Children In Families In North Aceh Region, Indonesia)." Inovasi-Jurnal Diklat Keagamaan 17, no. 1 (2023): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52048/inovasi.v17i1.405.

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ABSTRACT 
 This study aims to describe the portrait of the Sakinah family in a polygamous family, as well as to reveal the impact of polygamous marriage on children's welfare in North Aceh, Indonesia. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach with field research and library research. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and literature studies. Primary data sources were 32 participants consisting of 8 polygamous husbands, 5 first wives, 7-second wives, 1 third wife, 1 fourth wife, and 10 children in polygamous families. Secondary data sources from the field consisted of Islamic religious counsellors who served at the KUA, and community leaders in the North Aceh district. The results of this study indicate that respondents define a sakinah family as a comfortable household condition, fulfilling a living both physically and spiritually, as basic needs consisting of food, clothing, shelter, worship, education, affection and fair treatment for all family members. The Sakinah family is also associated with polygamous status, where there are respondents who understand that the Sakinah family is a family that is free from the practice of polygamy. The way polygamy practices affect the well-being of children in the family. Open and legal polygamous marriages have a positive impact on children because husbands/fathers are able to be fair in the family. The relationship between family members is quite harmonious, both the relationship between children and parents, as well as other family members. Meanwhile, secret polygamous marriages tend to have a negative impact on children. Husbands/fathers tend to neglect their responsibilities as heads of the family. The relationship between children and their parents and fellow family members is not always harmonious. The practice of polygamy can affect children's lives in three aspects. Psychologically, polygamous marriage families make children lose confidence, stress or depression, wepping, get angry and hate their parents. In terms of education, children experience a decrease in achievement. The inability of parents to pay school fees causes children to drop out of school. In the social aspect, children who live in a polygamous family experience isolation from friends and get bullying from peers or neighbours. Children also tend to withdraw from social life
 
 Keywords: Polygamous Marriage, Sakinah Family, Children’s Life, Aceh Indonesia
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Rishadi, Andi. "MODERNISASI HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM MELALUI PELIBATAN ANAK DALAM PROSES PERIZINAN POLIGAMI (Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia dan Sadd adz-Dzari’ah)." Muẚṣarah: Jurnal Kajian Islam Kontemporer 4, no. 1 (2022): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/msr.v4i1.6560.

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AbstractIn community life, it isn’t uncommon to find polygamous families. This may seem normal, but not many polygamists think about the impact of polygamy itself. Children are often the aggrieved parties in polygamous families, both physically and psychologically. The involvement of children to give permission for polygamy to their parents seems very potential in this era. The permit acts as an effort to protect the possibility of endangering children’s rights and discrimination in the family. If all this time the rights of the wife to be polygamous were protected by law, then the rights of the children should also be taken into consideration. Like a wife, children also have the right to have their opinions heard when their father wants to practice polygamy.This research is a normative legal research, using a philosophical approach, historical approach, and analytical approach. The legal materials used consist of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The three legal materials are collected using a documentary study technique, after that it will be analyzed qualitatively. To answer the formulation of the problem, will be used legal protection theory, justice theory, marriage theory, the procedure for polygamy, human rights theory, and sadd adz-dzari’ah theory.This research resulted in the finding that the participation of children in granting permission for polygamy to their parents is an urgent matter, considering that many children are victims of violence and their human rights are oppressed as a result of the disharmony of parents who practice polygamy.Keywords: Children’s Rights, Polygamy Permit, Human Rights, Sadd Adz-Dzari’ah.Abstrak: Dalam kehidupan masyarakat, tidak jarang ditemukan adanya keluarga poligami. Hal ini mungkin terlihat lumrah, namun tidak banyak pelaku poligami yang memikirkan dampak dari poligami itu sendiri. Anak sering kali menjadi pihak yang dirugikan dalam keluarga poligami, baik secara fisik maupun psikis. Keterlibatan anak untuk memberikan izin poligami terhadap orang tuanya kiranya sangat potensial di era sekarang ini. Izin tersebut berperan sebagai upaya perlindungan kemungkinan terancamnya hak-hak anak dan diskriminasi dalam keluarga. Jika selama ini hak istri yang akan dipoligami dilindungi oleh undang-undang, maka sudah sepatutnya hak anak juga menjadi bahan pertimbangan. Sebagaimana istri, anak juga berhak didengar pendapatnya ketika ayahnya ingin melakukan poligami. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan philosophical approach, historical approach, dan analytical approach. Untuk bahan hukum yang digunakan terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Ketiga bahan hukum tersebut dikumpulkan dengan teknik studi dokumenter, setelahnya akan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Untuk menjawab rumusan masalah akan digunakan teori perlindungan hukum, teori keadilan, teori perkawinan, tata cara poligami, teori hak asasi manusia dan teori sadd adz-dzari’ah.Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa keikutsertaan anak dalam pemberian izin poligami terhadap orang tuanya merupakan hal yang urgen, mengingat banyaknya anak yang menjadi korban kekerasan dan tertindas hak asasinya akibat dari ketidakharmonisan orang tua yang melakukan poligamiKata Kunci: Hak Anak, Hak Asasi Manusia, Izin Poligami, Sadd Adz-Dzari’ah.
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Esiri, May Omogho. "Social change and marriage structure in Nigeria." International research journal of management, IT and social sciences 8, no. 3 (2021): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v8n3.1487.

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Marriage as a social institution has undergone changes in structure in contemporary Nigeria. Whether in simple or complex societies, social change is a universal phenomenon. In most cultural groups in indigenous Nigeria, marriage is usually an arrangement between two individuals. As a result there is pressure on the spouses to make the marriage a success bearing in mind the fact that any problem will usually affect both families and strain the otherwise cordial relationship between them. Again, polygyny commonly known as polygamy is the most practiced marriage system. However, the marriage structure in Nigeria today has not been the same. It is found in the name of modernization or civilization that a girl and a boy may decide to marry away from their parents’ place of residence and without their consent. Monogamous marriage is now increasingly encouraged and practiced. The paper thus examines the extent of social change in the Nigerian marriage structure.
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Dr., Djè Amenan Cécile. "Land Tenure, Parental Marital Status and Child Labor in Cocoa Farming in Diégonéfla-Lahouda (Côte d'Ivoire)." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 08, no. 01 (2025): 463–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14718239.

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The aim of the present study was to assess the variability in the degree of child labor constraint in cocoa farming at Lahouda in the sub-prefecture of Diégonéfla in Côte d'Ivoire, according to the land tenure status and marital type of their parents. 50 children, 20 girls and 30 boys, all attending school and aged between 10 and 16, were interviewed using a questionnaire and a semi-directive interview. The results show that the children of farmers who do not own cocoa plots are subject to heavy labor, while those of farmers who do own plots are not. The results also show that the children of polygamous cocoa farmers are in binding labor, while those of monogamous farmers are in non-binding labor. To achieve this, Côte d'Ivoire needs to include farmers in social security policies and regulate work and sharecropping contracts in cocoa farming. In addition, it needs to raise awareness among polygamous cocoa families about household financial management.
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Zubair Abbasi, Muhammad, and Shahbaz Ahmad Cheema. "Polygamy and Second Marriage under Muslim Family Law in Pakistan." Islamic Studies 59, no. 1 (2020): 29–50. https://doi.org/10.52541/isiri.v59i1.1168.

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Under classical Islamic family law, a husband has the right to enter into a maximum of four marriages at a time. State regulation under the Muslim Family Laws Ordinance 1961 (MFLO), however, has restricted such privilege of husbands by requiring them to get permission for their polygamous marriages from the Union Council based on valid reason. Failure to do so is a criminal offence liable to punishment including imprisonment and fine. In addition to surveying the statutes and case law on the regulation of polygamy, this paper analyzes the impact of second marriage of parents on their right to the custody of children. Based on this analysis, we argue that the official Muslim family law in Pakistan prefers monogamy not only by regulating polygamous marriages, but also by denying the right of custody of children to polygamous husbands.
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Susanti, Titi, Ramadhan Syahmedi, and Hafsah Hafsah. "Religious Protection of Children in Polygamic Families in Langkat Regency Based on Law Number 35 of 2014 Concerning Child Protection." Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani: Wacana Hukum, Ekonomi Dan Keagamaan 9, no. 2 (2024): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v9i2.2936.

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There are the forms of attention to children's religious values that cannot be implemented properly in polygamous families in Langkat Regency. Responding to the polygamy cases in Langkat Regency, this is an interesting phenomenon to study regarding the protection of the child's religion in the family. This study was field research, with its approach normative. religious protection for children based on Law number 35 of 2014 in several articles, namely articles 6, 25, 26, 39 and 43. The impact on child victims of polygamy who do not receive religious protection in Langkat Regency is that the child is psychologically disturbed. Never again did he hear calls or invitations to pray in congregation, recite the Koran or the advice he had received from his parents. Plus, friends who lack good morals. So that children often find their solutions to all the problems they face. Children become misdirected due to promiscuity and experience depression, so few are trapped in the diseased environment of society. So that children often find their solutions to all the problems they face. Children become misdirected due to promiscuity and experience depression, so few are trapped in the diseased environment of society. However, not all children who are victims of polygamy at this level become wrong associations. There are also those whose personality is getting better. Because attention from his father is still given, although not like before, his mother at home is also protective of his association. The surrounding community and religious leaders also play a role in embracing him so that he remains in an association that brings benefit
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Putri, Salsabila Karina, and Mutiah S.Sos., M.I.Kom. "COMMUNICATION PATTERNS OF SINGLE MOTHERS IN THE EDUCATION OF ADOLESCENT CHILDREN IN MOJOKERTO." Commercium 8, no. 1 (2024): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/tc.v8i1.58591.

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In 2022, there will be 4,253 couples in Mojokerto who will divorce, the causes are quarrels, economicproblems, polygamy and apostasy. Jetis District in Mojokerto has the highest divorce rate, which has animpact on the increasing number of single parents. Divorce not only has an impact on husband and wife,but also on children, especially teenagers. The impact includes feelings of insecurity, loneliness, andfeelings of guilt in children. Researchers used a qualitative approach with phenomenological methodsand three communication patterns, namely, Authoritarian, Authoritative, and Permissive. The researchresults showed that of the 6 single parents studied, the family communication patterns applied varied,including Authoritarian, Authoritative, and Permissive. This research aims to understand how singleparent mothers' communication patterns influence their relationships with their teenage children and theformation of teenagers' self-concept. In facing the challenging teenage years, effective communicationbetween single parents and children is very important to ensure healthy development and a goodrelationship between the two. The research results showed that of the 6 single parents in Jetis, Mojokerto,there were variations in the family communication patterns they adopted. Most use authoritative patterns which have been proven to be effective in educating teenagers. proven authoritative, suitable for use bysingle parents educating teenage children.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Parents' polygamy"

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Hartley, Ian Russell. "Polygyny, parentage and parental investment in the corn bunting, Miliaria calandra." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34102.

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1) This study investigated the costs and benefits of a polygynous mating system, and its effects on reproductive success and parental care in male and female com buntings (Miliaria calandra), on North Uist, Outer Hebrides. In 1989 and 1990, 41.2% of males were monogamously paired, 33.3% polygynous and 23.5% unpaired; the sex ratio was 1:1. Polygynous males usually paired with two females; occasionally three. The distribution of females among males was not significantly different from a binomial distribution. 2) DNA fingerprinting showed that there were only two possible cases of extra-pair paternity (EPP) due to extra-pair copulation (EPC) (4.5% of 44 offspring; 6.7% of broods), both from the same brood. There were no cases of intra-specific brood parasitism (IBP) (0% of 50 offspring; 0% of 16 broods). EPP was probably rare because of mate guarding by the male, asynchrony between broods for polygynous males and limited opportunities for EPC. Polygynous males fledged more offspring from their territories than did monogamous males because they paired with more females; unpaired males fledged no offspring. 3) Unlike most other polygynous birds, primary and secondary females of polygynous male com buntings had similar reproductive success and both had greater reproductive success than monogamous females. Monogamous females had lower reproductive success because their chicks starved more often. Although monogamous females provisioned nestlings at a similar rate to females of polygynous males, monogamous females delivered smaller food loads, which may have led to the reduced success of those nests. 4) Males rarely fed nestlings before they were four days old. Males provided less food for nestlings than did females at all chick ages and, on average, provided a maximum of only 22.0% of all feeds. Unusually for a polygynous species, males provisioned nestlings of monogamous, primary and secondary females with similar sized food loads and at similar rates. 5) Broods belonging to primary and secondary females were apparently equally valuable to their males because EPP was low in this population and brood sizes were similar between nest classes. Males may have been able to feed both nests because they were temporally separate, although at least one male was able to feed overlapping nests simultaneously. Males provisioned proportionately less than females at early stages of the nestling period, possibly because of sex differences in other available reproductive opportunities. Females had no better available option than to provide parental care to the current brood, whereas males could potentially increase their fitness better by defending a territory in which females could breed. 6) Males appeared to defend areas in which females chose to nest rather than to forage. Females often foraged outside male territories. The territories of unpaired, monogamous and polygynous males did not differ significantly in habitat composition. 7) Female corn buntings neither suffered costs to polygyny, nor did they compete for resources, such as male parental care, nest sites or food. Nests were under-dispersed in space, because of habitat aggregation, and were randomly dispersed in time within territories. Primary and secondary females of polygynous males did not choose territories in the same order, and the first settling females of polygynous males did not settle significantly earlier than monogamous females; this suggests that males were chosen randomly, rather than by the quality of their resources. I suggest that low variance of male territory quality facilitated random female choice of males. A no-cost, no-benefit model, with females choosing males randomly is suggested as the best explanation for the maintenance of polygyny in the com bunting.
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Buzatto, Bruno Alves. "Biologia reprodutiva do opilião Acutisoma proximum (Arachnida: Opiliones) : estrategias alternativas de acasalamento em machos e cuidado parental em femeas." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316364.

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Orientador: Glauco Machado<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T19:09:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Buzatto_BrunoAlves_M.pdf: 2595917 bytes, checksum: 7cd5fddc87dd0679ff5084fa4c88a530 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008<br>Resumo: A presente dissertação investigou a biologia reprodutiva do opilião Acutisoma proximum no Parque Estadual Intervales, sul do estado de São Paulo. No Capítulo 1, o sistema de acasalamento da espécie é descrito em detalhes. Fêmeas depositam seus ovos sob folhas na vegetação que margeia riachos de interior de mata e utilizam preferencialmente determinadas espécies de plantas como sítio de oviposição. No começo da estação reprodutiva, machos lutam entre si pela posse de territórios na vegetação onde fêmeas se reproduzirão. Alguns meses mais tarde, na mesma estação reprodutiva, essa poliginia por defesa qe recursos muda para uma poliginia por defesa de fêmeas, e machos passam a guardar cada fêmea individualmente em seqüência. O opilião A. proximum é o primeiro aracnídeo não-acarino que apresenta uma mudança em seu sistema de acasalamento ao longo da estação reprodutiva. No Capítulo 2, são descritas duas estratégias alternativas de acasalamento entre os machos de A. proximum, e a morfologia.e o comportamento dos machos que adotam cada estratégia é investigado. Os machos de A. proximum se dividem em dois morfos distintos, de acordo com a relação alométrica do comprimento da perna lI, que é também mais longa nos machos do que nas fêmeas. A diferença na morfologia dos dois morfos só é detectável quando muitos machos são medidos e a relação entre o comprimento do segundo par de pernas e o tamanho do corpo são analisados, o que se encaixa na definição de dimorfismo intra-sexual críptico. Machos com pernas II longas defendem territórios na vegetação, brigando e repelindo outros machos que se aproximam das fêmeas dentro desses territórios. Machos com pernas II curtas nunca defendem territórios ou brigam. Eles se deslocam entre os territórios dos machos grandes, invadindo-os e copulando com as fêmeas que estão dentro deles. Este trabalho é o primeiro a descrever, com dados comportamentais e morfológicos, a existência de estratégias alternativas de acasalamento na ordem Opiliones. No Capítulo 3, o enfoque passa a ser as fêmeas e os custos e benefícios do cuidado maternal em A. proximum. Em um experimento de remoção de fêmeas guardiãs, os ovos desprotegidos sobreviveram 75,6% menos que os ovos protegidos pelas fêmeas, revelando a importância da proteção materna. Em outro experimento, as desovas de metade das fêmeas foram removidas e o sucesso reprodutivo delas foi monitorado por dois anos. Fêmeas impedidas de cuidar da prole produziram novas desovas mais frequentemente e tiveram um sucesso reprodutivo 18 % maior que o das fêmeas que cuidaram da prole. Adicionalmente, o estudo de captura-marcação-recaptura não demonstrou nenhuma diferença entre a sobrevivência de fêmeas que foram impedidas de cuidar da prole e fêmeas que cuidaram da prole. Pesando os custos e benefícios do comportamento de guarda de ovos, uma estratégia de abandono da prole implicaria em uma redução média de 73,3% no sucesso reprodutivo total das fêmeas. Apesar dos custos da guarda de ovos para a fecundidade das fêmeas, o cuidado maternal aumenta o seu sucesso reprodutivo devido à crucial proteção aos ovos fornecida pelas fêmeas<br>Abstract: Not informed.<br>Mestrado<br>Ecologia<br>Mestre em Ecologia
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Rongier, Valérie. "L'insaisissable famille." Thesis, Le Havre, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEHA0021/document.

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La famille du XXIème siècle, héritière d’un idéal défini d’abord par l’Église puis par le Code civil, est née des bouleversements sans précédent qu’a connu la société dans son ensemble. Pendant des siècles, le rôle essentiel de la famille était lié à la transmission patrimoniale et culturelle entre générations. Aujourd’hui, la famille doit favoriser le développement individuel et la réalisation personnelle de chacun de ses membres. La famille est de moins en moins une institution normée, aux formes et aux codes prédéfinis, d’autant qu’elle doit composer avec le droit individuel à « une vie familiale normale » que consacre l’article 8 de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme. L’influence des droits fondamentaux qui sont par nature des droits individuels dans la vie familiale confirme bien que la famille est davantage le lieu d’épanouissement individuel qu’une entité tournée vers un intérêt commun. Tout ou presque est devenu possible en termes de combinaisons familiales. On peut désormais choisir son sexe (transsexualisme), décider de créer une famille ou de vivre seul sans que la société ne s’en émeuve particulièrement.Les liens et les rôles de chacun dans la famille ne sont plus ni pérennes ni clairement définis. Les progrès scientifiques (qui ont surtout permis une contraception efficace) et la révolution sexuelle ont complètement transformé la sexualité, la vie de couple et la procréation. Il n’y a plus un seul modèle de couple fondé exclusivement sur le mariage d’un homme et d’une femme. Le couple est maintenant homosexuel ou hétérosexuel, libre de vivre ou non ensemble, d’être fidèle, de se marier, de se séparer, de conclure un pacs, de vivre en concubinage. La conjugalité est donc désormais plurielle et repose sur l’égalité entre ceux qui composent le couple et entre les différents modèles de couples possibles. Les relations entre les parents et les enfants ont également été bouleversées. La parentalité s’impose peu à peu à côté de la parenté. La filiation va devoir composer avec les nouvelles cuisines procréatives. La procréation médicalement assistée, la gestation pour autrui ou l’utérus artificiel doivent modifier l’établissement du lien de filiation qui ne peut se déduire du seul lien biologique. Le droit devra répondre, parfois contraint sous l’influence ou la pression internationale, aux nouvelles aspirations sociales et sociologiques et tenter de trouver un équilibre entre la liberté individuelle et la dimension institutionnelle de la famille<br>While it was initially born out of the ideals set out first by the Church and then by the Civil Code, family in the 21st century is really the offspring of the unprecedented upheavals that have shaken society as a whole. For centuries, the essential role of family was linked with cross-generational patrimonial and cultural transmission. Nowadays, family must instead facilitate the individual development and self-realization of every single one of its members. The family is an institution that is decreasingly bounded by predetermined norms, forms, and codes, not least because it must align itself to the individual right to a “normal family-life”, to which Article 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights is dedicated. More or less everything is now possible in terms of family make-up. One can now choose one’s legal sex/gender (transgenderism), decide to establish a family, or live alone, without society being particularly affected by any of it. The ties and roles of each individual in the family are no longer perennial, no clearly defined. Scientific progress (through which efficient contraception became available) and the sexual revolution have completely transformed sexuality, romantic relationships, and procreation. There is no longer a single model for the romantic relationship, based on the marriage of a man to a woman. The couple is now homosexual or heterosexual, and individuals may choose whether they want to live together or be faithful. They can also choose if and when to get married, to separate, to be joined in a civil union (pacs), or to simply live under the same rooftop. In other words, conjugality is now pluralistic and rests on the equality both of the individuals constituting the couple, and between different models of romantic relationships. Relationships between parents and children have also been completely changed. Parenting is gradually gaining on kinship. Filiation will soon be forced to reckon with the different procreational recipes. Various assisted reproductive technologies, including artificial insemination, surrogacy, and the artificial uterus must change the ways in which kinship is established since it can no longer simply be deduced from biological ties. The law will have to respond to new social and sociological aspirations, and will sometimes even have to do so under international influence or pressure. It will, in fact, have to find a new equilibrium between individual freedoms, and the institutional dimensions of the family
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Alissa, Louise M. "Effect of reproductive site limitation on the intensity of sexual selection and the quality of paternal care: a meta-analysis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-23102018-090541/.

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The availability of reproductive sites is a major factor shaping the behavior of males and females in species with resource-based mating systems. Using a meta-analytic approach, we tested five predictions directly or indirectly derived from the mating system theory. We expected that reproductive site limitation would lead to: (1) intense male-male competition for resource possession; (2) high variance in male reproductive success, generating high values of opportunity for sexual selection; (3) high intensity of selection on male traits related to resource possession; (4) high sperm competition risk; and (5) low quality of paternal care. We compiled information from observational and experimental studies that compared the reproductive behavior of individuals of the same species under low and high reproductive site limitation. We found that, when reproductive sites are limited, there is a slight increase in male-male competition, with higher rates of nest takeover and agonistic interactions, and a slight increase in the selection gradient on male traits, with successful males tending to be larger than unsuccessful males. Reproductive site limitation has no consistent effect on the opportunity for sexual selection and on the sperm competition risk. However, territorial males invest more in gonads and lose less paternity when reproductive sites are limited. There is also no clear effect of reproductive site limitation on the quality of paternal care, but few studies have addressed this subject. Taken together, our findings indicate that predictions on how reproductive site limitation affects several aspects of resource-based mating systems have weak empirical support. These predictions do not consider the plasticity in the mating tactics of males and females, which make them too simplistic. Moreover, since the original proposition of the mating system theory, our understanding of sperm competition increased a lot. We now know that accurate predictions on the intensity and direction of sexual selection should take into account both pre- and post-copulatory processes. Finally, the interplay between sexual selection and parental care is complex, and the original framework of mating system theory does not provide sufficient elements to derive clear and taxonomically broad predictions<br>A disponibilidade de sítios reprodutivos influencia tanto o comportamento de machos quanto de fêmeas em espécies cujo sistema de acasalamento depende da defesa de recursos. Usando uma abordagem meta-analítica, testamos cinco previsões direta ou indiretamente relacionadas à teoria de sistemas de acasalamento. Esperávamos que a limitação de sítios reprodutivos promoveria: (1) aumento na competição masculina pela posse de recursos; (2) aumento na variância do sucesso reprodutivo dos machos, gerando valores alto de oportunidade para a seleção sexual; (3) aumento da intensidade da seleção sobre características masculinas relacionadas à posse de recursos; (4) aumento no risco de competição espermática e (5) diminuição da qualidade do cuidado paternal. Compilamos informações de estudos observacionais e experimentais que compararam o comportamento reprodutivo de indivíduos da mesma espécie em situação de alta e baixa disponibilidade de sítios reprodutivos. Encontramos que, quando os sítios reprodutivos são escassos, há um ligeiro aumento na competição masculina, com maiores taxas de roubo de ninhos e interações agonísticas, e um ligeiro aumento no gradiente de seleção sobre características masculinas, com machos bem sucedidos tendendo a ser maiores do que machos mal sucedidos em monopolizar recursos. A disponibilidade de sítios reprodutivos não teve nenhum efeito consistente sobre a oportunidade para a seleção sexual e o risco de competição espermática. Entretanto, machos territoriais investiram mais em gônadas e perderam menos paternidade quando os sítios reprodutivos eram escassos. Não encontramos nenhum efeito da disponibilidade de sítios reprodutivos sobre a qualidade do cuidado paternal. Em conjunto, nossos resultados indicam que as previsões sobre como a disponibilidade de sítios reprodutivos influencia diversos aspectos de sistemas de acasalamento baseados na defesa de recursos têm fraco respaldo empírico. Tais previsões não consideram a plasticidade nas táticas de acasalamento de machos e fêmeas, tornando-as demasiadamente simplistas. Adicionalmente, desde a formulação original da teoria de sistemas de acasalamento, nossa compreensão sobre competição espermática aumentou. Sabemos atualmente que previsões acuradas sobre a intensidade e direção da seleção sexual devem levar em consideração processos pré- e pós-copulatórios. Finalmente, a interconexão entre seleção sexual e cuidado parental é complexa e a teoria original de sistemas de acasalamento não provê elementos suficientes para a construção de previsões claras e de amplo escopo taxonômico
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Rammutla, Chuene William Thabisha. "The "official" version of customary law vis-a-vis the "living" Hananwa family law." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/10614.

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The study sought to determine, first, what the rules of the Hananwa family law were and, second, whether those rules were compatible with the Constitution. First, it documented the rules of the official family law. The problem that the study countenanced is that customary law is "corrupted, inauthentic and lacking authority".1 Second, it established and documented the rules of the Hananwa family law. The problem that the study countenanced in respect of Hananwa law was that it was difficult to ascertain the content of the rules of the "living" Hananwa law in order to determine their compatibility with the provisions of the Bill of Rights. Moreover, the traditional Hananwa community is inegalitarian and patriarchal. Section 9 of the Constitution provides that everyone is equal before the law and enjoys equal and full protection and benefit of the law. The study found that the Hananwas still observe their system of customary law. However, there are visible changes. For instance, nowadays the spousal consent is a validity requirement for all customary marriages. A parent or legal guardian must consent to a customary marriage of a minor. The individual spouses, not their families, are parties to their own customary marriages. African women enjoy equal status. This development is consistent with section 9 of the Constitution read with section 6 of the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998. According to the Constitutional Court, in MM v MN and Another 2013 4 SA 415 (CC), the first wife must consent to her husband's customary marriage to another woman in addition to her customary marriage to him. However, some rules of the Hananwa law do not comply with the provisions of the Bill of Rights. For instance, according to the Hananwa law, extramarital children do not enjoy equal inheritance rights and maintenance rights yet. This discrimination is inconsistent with the constitutional right to equality and the provisions of the Reform of Customary Laws of Succession and Regulations of Related Matters Act 11 of 2009.The Constitution puts common law and customary law on a par. However, the courts have often replaced customary law dispute resolution rules with the common law rules. For instance, the Constitutional Court in Bhe and Others v Magistrate, Khayelitsha and Others; Shibi v Sithole and South African Human Rights Commission and Another v President of the Republic of South Africa and Another 2005 1 SA 580 (CC) and the High Court in Maluleke v Minister of Home Affairs 2008 JDR 0426 (W) substituted the rules of common law for those of customary law in order to resolve customary law disputes. The legislature could not be outdone. A meticulous study of the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998 and the Reform of Customary Laws of Succession and Regulations of Related Matters Act 11 of 2009 reveals that their provisions almost appropriately reflect the common law marriage and intestate succession rules respectively. The Recognition of Customary Marriages Act has, furthermore, adopted the provisions of the Divorce Act of 1979. Section 28 of the Constitution read with the Children's Act 38 of 2005 has generally substituted the fundamental human rights for the unequal rights provided by the customary law of parent and child. The Maintenance Act 99 of 1998 has substituted the communal form of maintenance under customary law.<br>Public, Constitutional, & International Law<br>LLD (International and Constitutional Law)
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Books on the topic "Parents' polygamy"

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A teenager's tears: When parents convert to polygamy : inspired by actual events. Agreka Books, 2001.

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Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü. Fin-de-Siècle Salonica. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691175829.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's childhood in the ancient Macedonian capital of Salonica. The future founder of the Turkish Republic was born one winter, either in 1880 or in 1881. His upbringing was more liberal than that of most lower-class Muslims. No one in his family's circle of friends and relatives, for instance, practiced polygamy. Likewise, his father reportedly drank alcohol, which was abhorred by conservatives. The confusing dualism produced in Ottoman society by the reforms of the nineteenth century had its first imprint on Mustafa when his parents entered into a heated argument about his education. There is little doubt that Mustafa Kemal's deep-seated predilection for new institutions and practices owed much to his years as one of a handful of students in the empire who had their primary education at a private elementary school devoid of a strong religious focus.
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Brake, Elizabeth, and Lucinda Ferguson, eds. Philosophical Foundations of Children's and Family Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786429.001.0001.

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This volume brings together new essays in law and philosophy on a broad range of topics in children’s and family law. It is the first volume to bring together essays by legal scholars and philosophers for an integrated, critical analysis of key issues in this area, marking the ‘coming of age’ of the comparatively new field of family law. Debates in children’s and family law are at once theoretical and empirical in nature. Not only does children’s and family law have significant consequences for individuals’ intimate lives, the field’s impact on lived experience highlights the socially constructed nature of law. Approaching this area of law often involves exploring a legal concept familiar from daily life, such as the very notion of ‘marriage’ or ‘family’, and examining it within its social, economic, and historical context. The normative basis for law regulating intimate personal and family life extends beyond any narrow legal philosophy or social context to its broader foundations in theories of morality or justice. The chapters included bring together a representative and broad range of pieces that engage with long-standing and contemporary debates. A wide range of perspectives is represented on topics such as same-sex marriage, polygamy and polyamory, alimony, unmarried cohabitation, gestational surrogacy and assisted reproductive technologies, child support, parental rights and responsibilities, children’s rights, family immigration, religious freedom, and the rights of paid caregivers. There is also philosophical discussion of concepts such as care, intimacy, and the nature of family and family law itself.
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Book chapters on the topic "Parents' polygamy"

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"2. Parental Care." In Polygyny and Sexual Selection in Red-Winged Blackbirds. Princeton University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400863938.26.

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Bennett, Peter M., and Ian P. F. Owens. "Ecological basis of sexual dimorphism." In Evolutionary Ecology of Birds. Oxford University PressOxford, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198510888.003.0009.

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Abstract The traditional explanation for interspecific variation in the extent of sexual dimorphism among birds is that it is a consequence of variation among species in social mating system and the pattern of parental care (from Darwin 1871 and Wallace 1889 onwards; reviewed in Lack 1968; Butcher and Rohwer 1988; Andersson 1994). For example, social polygamy leads to the competitive sex being larger and more ornate than the choosy sex, whereas large sex differences in parental care leads to the caring sex developing more cryptic plumage. Recently, however, two empirical observations have challenged this traditional view. First, many extremely polygamous species in which one sex cares for the offspring alone are, in fact, largely monomorphic with respect to both size and plumage colour (Hoglund 1989; Trail 1990; but see Oakes 1992). But even more strikingly, many apparently monogamous species that display classic biparental care are, in fact, highly dimorphic (Moller 1986; Harvey and Bradbury 1991).
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Davies, N. B., and David Quinn. "Parental effort by males and females pairs and trios." In Dunnock Behaviour and Social Evolution. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198546757.003.0010.

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Abstract We ended Chapter 9 with the pleasing conclusion that the observed conflicts of interest between individuals make good adaptive sense, given their reproductive payoffs from the various mating systems. It might be thought that we could now end the book with the claim that the dunnock puzzle has been solved. However, all we have really done is to push the problem back a step. Why have the reproductive payoffs ended up at the particular values we observe? Why, for example, does the beta male not help more with chick feeding so that it pays the alpha male to cooperate? If this happened, then there would be no male-female conflict over the occurrence of cooperative polyandry. Likewise, why does a polygynous male not help his females more so that they do not suffer costs from reduced chick care? If this happened, then there would be no male-female conflict over the occurrence of polygyny.
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Davies, N. B., and David Quinn. "How males allocate effort between broods in polygyny and polygynandry." In Dunnock Behaviour and Social Evolution. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198546757.003.0011.

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Abstract In Chapter 9 I considered the question of which mating system best maximised an individual’s reproductive success and concluded that for males it was best to breed with more than one female. This chapter, like the previous one, attempts to go back a step and ask, given the choice of mating system how should a male best allocate his mating and parental effort? It is the outcome of these choices which determines the reproductive payoffs and so sets the stage for the behavioural conflicts described earlier in the book.
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Hannon, Susan, and Kathy Martin. "Mate fidelity and divorce in ptarmigan: polygyny avoidance on the tundra." In Partnerships in Birds. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198548614.003.0010.

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Abstract Ptarmigan are small, primarily herbivorous grouse that breed in alpine or circumpolar arctic tundra during the short summer season. Although strongly territorial during the breeding season, they spend the winter in large sex-segregated flocks sometimes numbering in the thousands. The sexes appear similar in their white winter plumage but during summer they have sexually dimorphic breeding plumages and vocalizations. Monogamy is the norm for all species, but up to 20% of males may be polygynous in any year. Pairs are together in spring and summer for 2-4 months, spend the winter apart, and if both members of the pair survive, usually reunite the next spring. The duration of the pair bond and the extent of male parental care vary among species, but in all species the male accompanies the female during the prelaying and laying periods and appears to provide vigilance against predators while she forages.
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Sanjek, Rick. "The Game of Musical Thrones." In American Popular Music and Its Business in the Digital Age. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190653828.003.0001.

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Abstract The “Musical Thrones” were occupied by the top officers at the Big Six major label groups—Warner/Elektra/Atlantic, CBS, BMG, EMI, PolyGram, and MCA. Under their leadership the record business grew from $4.6 billion in 1985 to $12.3 billion in 1995. The top leadership regimes lasted from a few months to nine years. Fourteen individuals and one duo each sat on one of the six thrones as each learned that “you’re only as hot as your latest hit.” Each label group head reported to executives at the parent entertainment conglomerate. Only EMI had the same corporate ownership over the entire time period. The Big Six competed for Grammy Awards, multi-platinum albums, and “bullets” on the weekly charts determined by record sales and radio play. Also covered are the inner workings and financial practices of the record business and the basics of the record shipments, sales, and returns supply chain.
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