Journal articles: 'Park rangers'

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Beauchamp, Toby. "Beyond the “Pine Pig”." Radical History Review 2020, no. 137 (2020): 96–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-8092798.

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Abstract This article shows how the US national park ranger comes to function simultaneously as friendly, educational caretaker and as policing authority forged through and upholding state violence. It argues that long-standing government and popular discourse distinguishing rangers from “real” police naturalizes and actively supports the ranger’s authoritative role in hierarchies of power. This framework further obscures the violent mechanisms of social and environmental control that underwrite the national parks as such. At the same time, however, the article suggests that persistent efforts to distinguish rangers from law enforcement create an opportunity to practice collaborative and anti-authoritarian forms of protection.

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Stern, Marc J., Robert B. Powell, and Karen S. Hockett. "Why Do They Come? Understanding Attendance at Ranger-Led Programs in Great Smoky Mountains National Park." Journal of Interpretation Research 16, no. 2 (2011): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258721101600204.

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This study examines the perceptions of interpretive rangers and of the visiting public regarding explanations for attendance of ranger-led interpretive programs at Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Interpretive rangers’ perceptions about the most important barriers to program attendance were corroborated by park visitors and included a lack of awareness of the programs, insufficient time or inconvenient timing, and a preference for a more solitary park experience. While interpreters suggested that interest in a specific topic or place, the offering of a tangible reward or souvenir, and chance/serendipity would be the most consistently important predictors of attendance, surveys with park visitors suggested that desires to be entertained, a better chance to actually see the park's unique attractions, and a good group experience were more consistent motivators. This paper discusses recommendations for increasing interpretive program attendance and compares the value of collecting information about motivations for program attendance directly from visitors versus relying on ranger perceptions.

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Spira, Charlotte, Andrew E. Kirkby, and Andrew J. Plumptre. "Understanding ranger motivation and job satisfaction to improve wildlife protection in Kahuzi–Biega National Park, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo." Oryx 53, no. 3 (2019): 460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605318000856.

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AbstractRangers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo are working to conserve some of the largest remaining blocks of tropical rainforest, along with iconic species that are being targeted by poachers for subsistence or commercial purposes. During 2015–2016 we surveyed 72% of Kahuzi–Biega National Park rangers to assess their level of job satisfaction, why they chose to become rangers, what they liked and disliked about their job, and what affected their motivation to conduct their work. We used a cumulative link model to assess how various factors affected their self-reported level of job satisfaction. The rangers surveyed had been working in the Park for 16 years on average and most chose this occupation to earn a salary, to conserve wildlife or to serve their country. Overall, ranger job satisfaction was low; however, our findings highlight numerous ways in which this could be improved. These include higher salaries, more promotion opportunities, better recognition from the Congolese wildlife authority and other state services, positive performance incentives, better security, improved living conditions in remote patrol posts, and more support from the judicial system. Ranger patrol assignment (i.e. type of patrol and Park sector to patrol), receiving free housing at the Park headquarters, age, and length of service were statistically significant predictors of job satisfaction. It is likely that increasing ranger job satisfaction would result in a higher commitment to protecting wildlife, improved performance, and positive outcomes for wildlife conservation.

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Moreto, William D. "Occupational stress among law enforcement rangers: insights from Uganda." Oryx 50, no. 4 (2015): 646–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605315000356.

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AbstractIn many countries law enforcement rangers are frontline guardians responsible for the management, monitoring and protection of protected areas and wildlife species. To date, little research has been conducted on law enforcement rangers and their perceptions of stress. This exploratory study contributes to both the criminological and conservation literature by exploring an important human dimension often neglected in conservation science research: law enforcement rangers. Similar to previous research on police occupational stress, it is expected that law enforcement rangers experience stressors unique to their profession. Utilizing an ethnographic case study approach based on interviews and participant observation, this research examines ranger perceptions of occupational stress in a protected area in Uganda. Findings indicate that law enforcement rangers are exposed to various occupational/task-related, external, internal, and occupation-related personal strains. Results from the study have implications in understanding, reducing and preventing occupational stress in rangers, as well as in capacity building for park management.

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Vargas Jiménez, Christian, José Pablo Sibaja Brenes, Rosa Alfaro Solís, Henry Borbón Alpízar, Mónica Brenes Ortiz, and Maricruz Arguedas González. "Exposure to Acid Aerosols in the Visiting Areas of the Poás Volcano National Park, Costa Rica." Atmosphere 15, no. 7 (2024): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15070848.

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Poás Volcano made a magmatic eruption in April 2017. The volcanic outburst resulted in an ash and vapor column towering over three kilometers high. Since that time, there has been a continual release of gases, aerosols, and more recently, ash, posing potential issues for visitors and park rangers. In this work, the potential for exposure to acid gases and aerosols faced by park rangers, officials, and visitors to the Poás Volcano National Park was evaluated, and the concentrations found were compared with the exposure limits established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The study was conducted between October 2021 and November 2022. the concentrations of HCl(g), HNO3(ac), HF(g), and H2SO4(ac) were determined at three strategic points: the ranger station, the visitor center, and the main crater viewpoint. The maximum concentrations obtained were (7.0 ± 1.6) ppb for HCl(g), (6.2 ± 2.8) ppb for HNO3(ac), and (0.029 ± 0.044) ppm for H2SO4(ac). There were no concentration values above the detection limit (0.94 μg/m3) for HF(g). By comparing the data obtained with similar studies, it is concluded that the measured values in Poás Volcano National Park are low and only show similarities to the results found in volcanoes within the national territory. The exposure limit established by OSHA (0.02 ppm) was only surpassed by H2SO4(ac), and could be the cause of health effects experienced over the years by park rangers. To minimize these risks, the use of personal protective equipment and air quality monitoring is essential.

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Caldwell, Barrett. "Development of Models for Park Rangers' Perceived Isolation of National Park Service Areas." Environment and Behavior 22, no. 5 (1990): 636–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916590225004.

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Krake, Ann, Joel McCullough, and Bradley King. "Health Hazards to Park Rangers from Excessive Heat at Grand Canyon National Park." Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 18, no. 5 (2003): 295–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473220301364.

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Bišćan, Matko, Gordan Lukač, Franjo Špalj, et al. "The Value of Protected Areas Ranger Service Personnel for Biodiversity Monitoring: Case Study in Paklenica National Park (Croatia)." Ekológia (Bratislava) 41, no. 2 (2022): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2022-0019.

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Abstract To preserve the long-term survival of habitats and wildlife, it is necessary to monitor their status. In protected areas, that is, biodiversity centres, rangers have excellent knowledge of specific locations and they spend a large amount of time in the field. But since rangers are not required to have a university degree, the question is whether they can be an added value in baseline survey monitoring. To investigate this issue, a case study was conducted in the Paklenica National Park (Paklenica NP), Croatia, using camera trapping survey between 2011 and 2016 at 22 camera sites. The aims of this survey were (1) to collect baseline data of mammalian diversity, (2) to analyse the regulatory effect of top predators on the trophic pyramid through top–down effects and (3) to estimate the data gathered by ranger service from the Paklenica NP. Data gathered through this study represents the first peer-reviewed list of medium- to large-sized mammals for Paklenica NP, as up till now, there is no peer-reviewed published paper of Paklenica NP mammalian diversity. Results showed that the recorded top predator–mesopredator–prey ratios were concordant with the trophic pyramid hypothesis. Also, as it was expected according to the literature, species richness indices were higher when top predators were present. On analysing the costs for conducting camera trapping survey by external and internal services, a significant difference was observed. Internal rangers’ cost was nine times lower than the external service cost. Future research run by rangers needs to be conducted in way to capture all mammalian biodiversity. Therefore, we propose camera trapping methodology for rangers in the protected areas since this may be an invaluable tool for biodiversity monitoring.

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이덕재 and 오충현. "Landscape Attachment of Park Rangers as Managers of Natural Landscapes in the National Park." Journal of Korean institute of Forest Recreation 14, no. 4 (2010): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34272/forest.2010.14.4.005.

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Day, Christopher. "Sister Forces: Park Rangers and Regime Security in African States." Civil Wars 22, no. 2-3 (2020): 353–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698249.2020.1755162.

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Bauch, Nicholas, and Emily Eliza Scott. "The Los Angeles Urban Rangers: actualizing geographic thought." cultural geographies 19, no. 3 (2012): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474474012441465.

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The Los Angeles Urban Rangers (LAUR) is one of a growing number of collectives associated with the art world that offer new methods for expressing and performing insights rooted in geographical thought. Borrowing the US National Park Service ranger ‘persona,’ the LAUR demonstrate a number of ways to untangle nature-society issues in cities. The ranger persona is successful in part because of its ability to spatially relocate the affect associated with (supposed) pristine nature to urban places. The article contains a toolkit of programs that the LAUR have employed to re-activate urban space.

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이덕재. "Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction of Park Rangers in the National Parks." Journal of Korean institute of Forest Recreation 14, no. 3 (2010): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.34272/forest.2010.14.3.011.

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Moreto, William D., Andrew M. Lemieux, and Matt R. Nobles. "‘It's in my blood now’: the satisfaction of rangers working in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda." Oryx 50, no. 4 (2016): 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605316000387.

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AbstractInvestigating the human dimension of conservation science warrants an interdisciplinary approach. Criminologists and criminal justice scholars have begun to empirically examine various issues that are directly related to conservation, including wildlife law enforcement. This qualitative study of job satisfaction among law enforcement rangers in a protected area in Uganda contributes to both criminal justice and conservation science. Based on interviews and participant observation we identified four main themes that contributed positively to the job satisfaction of rangers: their role in aiding Uganda's conservation efforts and national development; financial stability and familial support; conducting frontline work and establishing ownership of the Park; and opportunities for personal and social development. We discuss the implications of our findings for Park management capacity building as well as for future interdisciplinary and qualitative scholarship in conservation science.

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Slattery, Deirdre, and Alison Lugg. "If they Treated the Whole World like a National Park: Environmental Education by Teachers and Rangers." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 18 (January 2002): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600001117.

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AbstractThis paper considers the role of rangers and education officers who present and represent their park on school trips to national parks, and their interactions with teachers who organise those trips. These shared encounters are commonplace events. They have an important potential and actual role in environmental education, but have not been the subject of much research. Both the teachers' environmental education objectives and the possibilities offered by parks are wide: nature study, ecology, parks as natural and cultural heritage, land management and community issues, recreational activities and their consequences. However this breadth of potential activity possibly exacerbates a gap between the two cultures that meet on such encounters, a gap that needs to be addressed if the participants are to be able to maximise their shared and separate concerns.Using semi-structured interviews, our research looked at the strengths and limitations of several school visits for both teachers and ranger. In this paper we report particularly on the importance of the ranger in the process. We suggest that the role of the ranger is an undervalued and under-supported link in effective environmental education.

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Lewis, Henry T. "Ecological and Technological Knowledge of Fire: Aborigines Versus Park Rangers in Northern Australia." American Anthropologist 91, no. 4 (1989): 940–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1989.91.4.02a00080.

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Poppe, Julie. "Conservation′s Ambiguities: Rangers on the Periphery of the W Park, Burkina Faso." Conservation and Society 10, no. 4 (2012): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-4923.105538.

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Pineda-Guerrero, Alexandra, and Elkin Hernández. "Four new reports of mammal species from Tayrona National Park, Colombia." Mammalogy Notes 3, no. 1 (2016): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47603/manovol3n1.44-45.

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This protected area is one of the most visited in the country. However, information regarding basic biodiversity inventories and especially for mammals is scarce (Jimenez-Alvarado et al. 2015). We present the first record for four species at TNP: porcupine (Coendou sp.), Brown-eared Woolly Opossum (Caluromys lanatus), Three-toed Sloth (Bradypus variegatus) and Neotropical otter (Lontra longicaudis). Reports came from sporadic encounters with park rangers and with the localcommunity during 2014 and 2015. All individuals were juveniles and were found in different sectors in TNP

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Wong, David, and Charles L. Higgins. "Park Rangers as Public Health Educators: The Public Health in the Parks Grants Initiative." American Journal of Public Health 100, no. 8 (2010): 1370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2009.179622.

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Mendoza, Marcos. "Educational Policing: Park Rangers and the Politics of the Green (E)State in Patagonia." Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology 21, no. 1 (2016): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlca.12195.

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Howard, Jonathon L. "Managing the natural environment: The role of park rangers and the skills they need." Rural Society 22, no. 3 (2013): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/rsj.2013.22.3.242.

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Terán-Sánchez, Sofía, Alejandra Díaz-Arango, Héctor Fabio Arias-Monsalve, and Héctor E. Ramírez-Chaves. "New records of mammals of the Coffee Region, Central Andes of Colombia using citizen science." Neotropical Biology and Conservation 16, no. 1 (2021): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.16.e57932.

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The Coffee Region of Colombia is one of the most representative areas of the country due to its cultural appeal. 200 of the 528 mammal species in the country occur in this region. Pre-existing knowledge about the group in this region has been obtained through indirect and direct sampling methods. We present new records of mammals of the “Reserva Forestal Protectora Bosques de la Central Hidroeléctrica de Caldas (CHEC)”, located in the Coffee Region, based on vouchered citizen science records. To accomplish this, we held training workshops on the relevance of information provided by non-invasive vouchers for mammal collections that include bone remains, hairs, skin and other signs that can be found incidentally in the field by park rangers and other staff of the Reserve. In addition, we included photographic and video records of mammals taken by park rangers before and after the training workshops. We added vouchers obtained by the park rangers to the biological collection of the Natural History Museum of the Universidad de Caldas (MHN-UCa). Using this method, we obtained records of 34 mammalian species belonging to 20 families and 11 orders. We highlight the obtention of museum preserved vouchers of the Northern Naked-tailed Armadillo, Cabassous centralis (Miller 1899), and the Cauca Slender Opossum, Marmosops caucae (Thomas 1900), that had limited samples in national collections or had not been previously collected in the study area. With this work, a contribution network with the CHEC reserve staff was established, promoting the inclusion of these agents in the development of scientific research, and showing the relevance of collaborative science in assisting with filling information gaps about medium and large mammals.

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Burns, Georgette Leah, Laufey Haraldsdóttir, and Guðrún Þóra Gunnarsdóttir. "Interpretation in Ásbyrgi: Communicating with National Park Visitors in Iceland." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (2021): 12592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212592.

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Iceland has experienced rapid increases in tourism in recent years. This growth earns economic applause, but can come at considerable environmental cost. As Iceland’s unique environment is a drawcard for many tourists, careful management of destinations to ensure a sustainable environment is critical. The Icelandic Government is aware of the need for effective destination management and planning to ensure a sustainable future for tourism development, and the need to couple this with visitor compliance. It is a development that cannot be divorced from the need for environmental sustainability, and responsibility for this lies with all tourism stakeholders. One management tool to assist with such responsibility and compliance in tourism is interpretation: creating and delivering messages to visitors that enhance not only their satisfaction with an experience but also their understanding of it. This paper is based on an evaluation of visitors’ experiences and managers’ perceptions, as is necessary to ensure visitor satisfaction, while determining how best to maintain a sustainable environment. By observing and interviewing visitors, guides, rangers, and managers at Ásbyrgi in the northernmost part of Vatnajökull National Park, Iceland, we were able to discover what sort of information park visitors want to receive, what park managers want to convey, and the preferred way to deliver that information. Overall, most visitors and guides were satisfied with the interpretation in Ásbyrgi and preferred information provided verbally by guides or rangers over other types, such as on signs or in electronic format. Visitors want information about the unique geology and cultural history, as well as directional instructions for hiking trails. Managers want to create an accessible space in which visitors comply with instructions about safety and environmental sustainability. These findings can assist tourism management in Ásbyrgi, and other nature-based destinations, particularly in terms of sustainability of the natural environment.

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Poppe, Julie. "The Power of the Uniform: Paramilitary Foresters and Rangers at the W Park, Burkina Faso." Sociologus 63, no. 1-2 (2013): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/soc.63.1-2.11.

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Merson, Martha, Louise C. Allen, Pam L. Cox, and Nickolay I. Hristov. "Roving with a Digital Visual Library: Increased Learning Opportunities at Carlsbad Caverns National Park." Journal of Interpretation Research 21, no. 1 (2016): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258721602100102.

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At Carlsbad Caverns National Park, park rangers blended traditional personal interpretation with technology to showcase park-based research and to advance science literacy among visitors. Interpreters and Scientists Working on Our Parks (iSWOOP) provided interpreters with professional development and a selection of visualizations from scientists’ research on Brazilian free-tailed bats and their habitat at Carlsbad Caverns. After using tablets containing these visualizations for informal interpretive interactions, the interpreters responded to an open-ended survey. The authors examined interpreters’ responses, finding that interpreters regarded tablets as helpful in accomplishing several interpretive goals, especially in particular locations. Interpreters were strategic in initiating and sustaining interactions. Visitors’ reactions were positive; nevertheless, there were challenges indicating that this new form of interpretation is worthy of further research.

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He, Yuqing. "TINY HOUSE IN THE DESERT: A study in indoor comfort using moveable insulation and thermal storage." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 75 (December 28, 2023): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/q226hq60.

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A tiny house for seasonal rangers was designed for the extreme climate and diurnal temperature fluctuations of Joshua Tree National Park. The challenging climate conditions resulted in an extensive investigation of the building envelope to act as a passive thermal storage system to naturally cool and heat the house. The north wall was designed as a “cold battery,” which uses a dynamic internal and external insulation system with a high-mass concrete wall to achieve coolth absorption at night as part of a thermal management system and to achieve indoor thermal comfort under extreme desert climates. A combination of opening an exterior insulation system at night to absorb coolth, closing the exterior insulation system when the temperature rises, and opening the interior insulation system to release coolth was attempted. The goal was to achieve a comfortable indoor temperature without the use of HVAC systems. Several software programs were tested for their capabilities to simulate time lag in concrete and thermal storage including Opaque and IES VE. The design of the north wall was carried out for different conditions such as different modulating profiles, locations and thicknesses of insulation, and the data were collected and analyzed again. IES VE was able to successfully simulate the effects of moving interior and exterior insulation twice a day on different sides of a concrete wall. In consideration of the special occupancy type, the expansion of the comfort zone for seasonal rangers is achieved by the specification of a comfortable temperature range from 65°F to 85°F. In a standard year, consisting of 8,760 hours, simulations were conducted on the entire residence, primarily during the months when seasonal rangers were present, to investigate thermal comfort conditions. These assessments encompassed various aspects, including ventilation (2,941 comfort hours), the north wall (4,653 comfort hours), the base model (2,883 comfort hours), and enhancements to the south wall (5,543 comfort hours) and the east and west glazed facade (6,137 comfort hours). The culmination of these findings significantly contributed to an enhanced overall comfort experience within the tiny house design, specifically tailored to accommodate the needs of seasonal rangers at Joshua Tree National Park. Natural ventilation proved to be a good strategy.

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Carmichael, Bethune, Greg Wilson, Ivan Namarnyilk, et al. "A Methodology for the Assessment of Climate Change Adaptation Options for Cultural Heritage Sites." Climate 8, no. 8 (2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli8080088.

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Cultural sites are particularly important to Indigenous peoples, their identity, cosmology and sociopolitical traditions. The benefits of local control, and a lack of professional resources, necessitate the development of planning tools that support independent Indigenous cultural site adaptation. We devised and tested a methodology for non-heritage professionals to analyse options that address site loss, build site resilience and build local adaptive capacity. Indigenous rangers from Kakadu National Park and the Djelk Indigenous Protected Area, Arnhem Land, Australia, were engaged as fellow researchers via a participatory action research methodology. Rangers rejected coastal defences and relocating sites, instead prioritising routine use of a risk field survey, documentation of vulnerable sites using new digital technologies and widely communicating the climate change vulnerability of sites via a video documentary. Results support the view that rigorous approaches to cultural site adaptation can be employed independently by local Indigenous stakeholders.

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Morgan, Mark, and Xiaodan “Dani” Dong. "Measuring Passenger Satisfaction of Interpretive Programming on Two Amtrak Trains in the Midwest: Testing the Expectancy Disconfirmation Theory." Journal of Interpretation Research 13, no. 2 (2008): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258720801300204.

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The National Park Service (NPS) developed a partnership with Amtrak in 1994 to offer interpretive programming for train passengers on selected routes. Since its inception, over 1.5 million passengers have attended nearly 60,000 presentations delivered by park rangers or trained volunteers. Onboard presentations create a unique opportunity for the NPS to interact with many individuals who are not traditional park visitors. For Amtrak, interpretation is a value-added service. The purpose of this study was to evaluate passenger satisfaction of NPS-led presentations on two trains in the Midwest during the summer of 2005. A field experiment was designed to compare the responses of passengers in treatment (n=72) and control (n=80) groups using expectancy disconfirmation theory. Passengers were satisfied with all aspects of the presentations, including interpreter characteristics, message quality, and program benefits.

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Zamzami, Zaqi Maula, Gunardi Djoko Winarno, Yulia Rachma Fitriana, and Irwan Sukri Banuwa. "ANALISIS TEMUAN PATROLI POLISI HUTAN TERHADAP PERBURUAN SATWA LIAR DI RESORT WAY KANAN, TAMAN NASIONAL WAY KAMBAS." Jurnal Belantara 4, no. 2 (2021): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbl.v4i2.680.

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Hunting for wildlife in Way Kambas National Park (WKNP) is one of the leading causes of humans and animal conflict. So far, patrol activities are still considered less than optimal because of the decline in animal populations due to frequent hunting. This study aimed to analyze the findings of forest ranger patrols in protecting wild animals from hunting in WKNP. Data collection was carried out by observation, interviews and literature study. The data collected from the literature were then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results showed that during patrol activities, the finding of snares was still very much used by hunters and also found elephants that died due to hunting, although the range of forest rangers every year had increased but the number of personnel who did not match the size of the forest area made some areas not can be protected.

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Usui, Rie, Lori Sheeran, Jin-hua Li, et al. "Park Rangers’ Behaviors and Their Effects on Tourists and Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana) at Mt. Huangshan, China." Animals 4, no. 3 (2014): 546–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani4030546.

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Kawasaki, Kota. "Current Status of Enforcement of the National Park System and Problem Recognition of Rangers for Nature Conservation." Reports of the City Planning Institute of Japan 13, no. 1 (2014): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/reportscpij.13.1_5.

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Pusparini, Wulan, Timbul Batubara, Fahrudin Surahmat, et al. "A pathway to recovery: the Critically Endangered Sumatran tiger Panthera tigris sumatrae in an ‘in danger’ UNESCO World Heritage Site." Oryx 52, no. 1 (2017): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605317001144.

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AbstractReliable information on wildlife populations and the threats they face is crucial for assessing the performance of conservation strategies. As part of its efforts to improve the effectiveness of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park in Sumatra, Indonesia, and aid the recovery of flagship species, the Park's management authority designated a 1,000 km2 forest block an Intensive Protection Zone. To set a baseline from which to evaluate the performance of this zone, we investigated the density of tigers Panthera tigris sumatrae, and spatio-temporal interactions between tigers, their principle prey and threats. The estimated density of tigers was 2.8 per 100 km2, whereas in 2002 camera-trapping failed to record any tigers in the Intensive Protection Zone. We found the study area contained a rich prey base, with muntjac deer Muntiacus muntjak, macaques Macaca nemestrina and wild pigs Sus scrofa occupying 85–98% of the area, and sambar Rusa unicolor 61%. Despite these promising findings we also recorded a relatively high number of people entering the Park illegally, with 77 incidents over 6 months, of which 20% involved armed poachers. The poachers operated mainly at night and were concentrated in two locations. Law enforcement patrol teams were active during the day, and therefore had little overlap with the poachers. Prioritizing these at-risk areas for increased protection by rangers would further secure the Intensive Protection Zone, and expanding ranger activity across the Park would support efforts to remove the Park from UNESCO's List of World Heritage In Danger.

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Savini, Chution. "Empowerment in effective communication skills and hospitality services of communities and park rangers in human-elephant conflict areas around Kui Buri National Park, Thailand." Gajah, no. 57 (June 2024): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/pqhh7620.

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Robertson, J. N., J. S. Gray, S. MacDonald, and H. Johnson. "Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in blood donors and park rangers in relation to local habitat." Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie 288, no. 2 (1998): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0934-8840(98)80053-4.

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Willenbrink, Elizabeth, Leslie A. North, Vu Thi Minh Nguyet, Jason Polk, and James Graham. "Communication Networks as a Catalyst for Holistic Sustainability on Karst Landscapes." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (2021): 3360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063360.

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Equitable access to communication and education is a key aspect in ensuring sustainability in any natural area. Karst landscapes are especially susceptible to environmental degradation from natural and anthropogenic forces and can benefit from sustainable economic, social, and environmental practices. This study took place in Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park (PN-KB), a highly developed karst landscape in central Vietnam. Through in-depth interviews, this study explored the ways in which formal and informal communication networks between the diverse stakeholders living within the park can be used to better protect the landscape from further degradation. The research findings suggest that a lack of consistent communication between PN-KB’s residents, rangers, and governing officials has left the landscape vulnerable to extensive degradation and susceptible to catastrophic climatic events. Increasing communication between the stakeholder groups within the park will bolster economic opportunity and ensure equitable access to information and resources, both of which will promote sustainable practices and karst landscape protection.

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Freitas, Frederico. "Hunters, rangers, cougars, and jaguars: human and nonhuman territories at the Argentine-Brazilian border, 1960s-1990s." História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos 28, suppl 1 (2021): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-59702021000500004.

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Abstract This article aims to understand the role of territorial practices in the interaction between human and nonhuman animals. It focuses on the Iguazú and Iguaçu national parks, established by Argentina and Brazil in the 1930s as nature reserves bisected by an international boundary. In a setting where human-made boundaries overlay natural boundaries, qualitatively different spatial practices clash in the territorial encounters between cougars, jaguars, and humans. The article demonstrates how changes in the border practices of park officials, hunters, and big cats reshuffled the terms of these encounters. The article assesses when, where, and how these encounters between rangers, poachers, and big cats took place, showing how felids challenged the spatial placement and taxonomical categories attributed to them by humans.

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Guo, Rachel. "Using Remote Sensing Imagery and Machine Learning to Predict Poaching in Wildlife Conservation Parks." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 18 (2021): 15962–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i18.17977.

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Illegal wildlife poaching is driving the loss of biodiversity. To combat poaching, rangers patrol expansive protected areas for illegal poaching activity. However, rangers often cannot comprehensively search such large parks. Thus, the Protection Assistant for Wildlife Security (PAWS) uses machine learning to help identify the areas with highest poaching risk. As PAWS is deployed to parks around the world, we recognized that many parks have limited resources for data collection and therefore have scarce feature sets. To ensure under-resourced parks have access to meaningful poaching predictions, we introduce the use of publicly available remote sensing data to extract features for parks. By employing this data from Google Earth Engine, we also incorporate previously unavailable dynamic data such as climate and primary production patterns to enrich predictions with seasonal trends. We automate the entire data-to-deployment pipeline and find that, with only using publicly available data, we recuperate prediction performance comparable to predictions made using features manually computed by park specialists. We conclude that the inclusion of satellite imagery creates for a robust system through which parks of any resource level can benefit from poaching risks for years to come.

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Montopoli, George, Ken Gerow, Janet Wilts, Reynold Jackson, Mark Magnuson, and Rich Perch. "An Analysis of Backcountry Accidents in Grand Teton National Park." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 21 (January 1, 1997): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1997.3323.

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Since 1950, detailed records of all climbing accidents in Grand Teton National Park were maintained by rangers (and others) involved in rescue. In this paper, we present: 1) an overall summary of backcountry accidents, their locations, and causes since 1950; 2) several summaries of the accidents by decades, locations and activity levels; 3) a fatality synopsis; and 4) an in-depth overview of the current accident trend from 1994 through 1996, which includes a male and female accident profile, cause and location summary, cost analysis, and other important information. From 1950 through 1996, 609 significant backcountry accidents have occurred, resulting in an average of about 13 incidents per year. The two categories involving the greatest number of accidents include Fall on Rocks (195) and Fall on Snow (155). Most accidents occurred during the 1970's, and are currently on the decline. Accidents caused by Rockfall or Icefall were most prevalent in the 1960's, indicating that perhaps many of the popular routes were "cleaned" during this time period. From 1950 through the 1970's, the accident rate, when scaled for activity level during the decades, increased. Since the 1970's, the rate has decreased to a low in the 1990's (0.22%). The overall scaled accident rate for the period from 1950 through 1996 was 0.31%. The vast majority of climbing accidents occur in the Central and Northern climbing areas. In the Central Climbing area, the Grand Teton has the greatest number of incidents (121), followed by Disappointment Peak (39), Middle Teton (38), and Teewinot Mountain (32). In the Northern Climbing area, Symmetry Spire exhibits the greatest number of accidents (39). When examined by decades after being scaled for decade activity, a decline in the number of accident incidents for the 1990's is displayed in nearly all locations. One exception is Albright Peak in the Southern Climbing area, which shows a steady increase in incidents over the decades. Although the Grand Teton has experienced the greatest number of climbing accidents, the relative number of incidents is low when scaled for climbing activity. Interestingly, Storm Point and Symmetry Spire in the Northern Climbing area actually exhibit the greatest number of incidents when backcountry activity is taken into account. Cascade Canyon receives the greatest number of non-climbing incidents, both in actual numbers and when scaled for backcountry activity. Most fatalities in the Tetons result from unroped falls from rock that occur while ascending and descending routes. The current accident trend (1994-1996) indicates that falls on snow are the most prevalent cause of accidents, followed by falls on rock. The Grand Teton and Middle Teton experience the greatest number of climbing accidents, but when scaled for climbing activity, Storm Point and Mt. Owen experience the greatest number of accidents. Cascade Canyon has the greatest number of nonÂclimbing accidents, but when scaled for backcountry activity, Garnet Canyon demonstrates the greatest number of accidents. Most women who experience accidents in the Tetons suffer from falls on snow, have an average age of 29.7 years, and almost always fall during the descent. Most men who experience accidents in the Tetons suffer from falls on snow and have an average age of 35.7 years. Fifty-seven percent of men who experience accidents on climbing trips fall during the descent. Two accident situations involving only men were getting stuck and falling during rappel. Most accidents are currently reported by people from other parties; however, 25% of the reports come from backcountty rangers in the field. The use of cell phones to report accidents has grown dramatically. Recently, there has been an average of 119 incidents per year involving some form of rescue response, at an average annual cost of $73,215.21.

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Omonona, A. O., S. A. Abioye, P. O. Odeniran, and I. O. Ademola. "Distribution of tsetse flies and its Trypanosoma species infection in Old Oyo National Park, Nigeria." Zoologist (The) 18, no. 1 (2021): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tzool.v18i1.6.

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Tsetse fly infestation in national parks is a major health risk to both the wildlife and tourists coming to sub-Saharan Africa. However, information on distribution and diversity of tsetse flies and trypanosome infection rate in Protected Areas like Old Oyo National Park in south-west Nigeria is largely unknown. Thus, the study evaluates distribution and diversity of tsetse flies in Magurba Range of Old Oyo National Park. Twelve Nzi traps were set at 50 m equidistance to capture Glossina species for a period of six months between February and August, 2019, considering both the altitudinal and ecological significance. A total of 136 tsetse flies belonging to four species; G. palpalis, G. tachinoides, G. morsitans and G. fusca; were captured. More Glossina species were captured during dry season 77.9% (70.0-84.6) than the wet season 22.1% (15.4-30.0). There was significant difference (p = 0.0001; x2 = 84.9; OR = 12.5) between the proportion of Glossina species captured at the riverine areas (106; 77.9%) and the woodland/forest areas (30; 22.1%). Glossina captured at ground level and 30 cm above ground were 71 (52.2 %) and 65 (47.8%) respectively. The overall prevalence of trypanosome infection (2.94%) was observed for Glossina spp. The presence of infected Glossina spp. indicated an urgent need to establish a concise strategic vector control in National Parks, in order to reduce the risk of transmission to both wildlife and humans in the area. The park is frequently visited by tourists, rangers, researchers and students for educational purposes. Keywords: Glossina spp.; Trypanosoma spp.; vector distribution; Old Oyo National Park

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Campbell, G., H. Kuehl, A. Diarrassouba, P. K. N'Goran, and C. Boesch. "Long-term research sites as refugia for threatened and over-harvested species." Biology Letters 7, no. 5 (2011): 723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0155.

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The presence of researchers, ecotourists or rangers inside protected areas is generally assumed to provide a protective effect for wildlife populations, mainly by reducing poaching pressure. However, this assumption has rarely been empirically tested. Here, we evaluate and quantify the conservation benefits of the presence of a long-term research area in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire. A wildlife survey following 225 km of line transects revealed considerably higher primate and duiker encounter rates within the research area when compared with adjacent areas. This positive effect was particularly pronounced for threatened and over-harvested species, such as the endangered red colobus monkey ( Procolobus badius ). This pattern was clearly mirrored by a reversed gradient in signs of poaching, which decreased towards and inside the research area, a trend that was also supported with park-wide data. This study demonstrates that even relatively simple evidence-based analytical approaches can bridge the gap between conservation theory and practice. In addition, it emphasizes the value of establishing long-term research sites as an integral part of protected area management.

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Freeman, Kimberly, Marc Shalit, and Geoffrey Stroh. "Use of the Gamow Bag by EMT-Basic Park Rangers for Treatment of High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema and High-Altitude Cerebral Edema." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 15, no. 3 (2004): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1580/1080-6032(2004)15[198:uotgbb]2.0.co;2.

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Homsy King, Maya, Haven Nahabwe, Benard Ssebide, Laura H. Kwong, and Kirsten Gilardi. "Preventing zoonotic and zooanthroponotic disease transmission at wild great ape sites: Recommendations from qualitative research at Bwindi Impenetrable National Park." PLOS ONE 19, no. 3 (2024): e0299220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299220.

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Employees at wild great ape sites are at high risk of transmitting infectious diseases to endangered great apes. Because of the significant amount of time employees spend near great apes, they are a priority population for the prevention and treatment of zoonotic and zooanthroponotic spillover and need adequate preventive and curative healthcare. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews with 46 staff (rangers and porters) at Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda (BINP) and key informants from five other wild great ape sites around the world were performed. The objectives of the study were to 1) evaluate health-seeking behavior and health resources used by staff in contact with great apes at Bwindi Impenetrable National Park; 2) evaluate existing occupational health programs for employees working with great apes in other parts of the world; and 3) make recommendations for improvement of occupational health at BINP. Results show that BINP employees do not frequently access preventive healthcare measures, nor do they have easy access to diagnostic testing for infectious diseases of spillover concern. Recommendations include assigning a dedicated healthcare provider for great ape site staff, providing free annual physical exams, and stocking rapid malaria tests and deworming medication in first aid kits at each site.

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Jovanelly, Tamie Joy. "Improving endangered antelope habitat through water quality assessment and collaboration with Kenya Wildlife Service." July-December 6, no. 2 (2020): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2020.118-122.

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Background and Aim: A population of endangered sitatunga antelope (Tragelaphus spekii) lives in a free-range environment at Impala Sanctuary in Kisumu, Kenya. Kenya Wildlife Service park officials suspected that increased demands on outdated sewage infrastructure caused animal drinking water sources to become contaminated which resulted in animal sickness and death. In this study, we complete a water quality assessment on open water sources within the park boundaries to determine if water was suitable for animal consumption. Materials and Methods: For the assessment of water, we measure eight physical and chemical parameters (pH, temperature, fecal coliform, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrates, total phosphates, and turbidity). These eight parameters were chosen because they are used to establish a water quality index (WQI) percentage which proved to be useful to communicate conditions to park rangers, stakeholders, and adjacent landowners. Results: Through 6 months of assessments, data collection, and analysis, we determined that most open water sources are severely contaminated, ranking on the WQI from 46% to 58% (bad to medium). In addition, we compared our data to drinking water standards set by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for livestock to find that only two sites met the minimum criteria. The remaining four sites were exponentially contaminated with levels reaching 10× recommended values for animal health. Conclusion: Following these findings, the park was able to attract money for sewage infrastructure rebuilds that resolved the contamination problems. Sickness and death of free-roaming animals, including the antelope, were reduced.

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Montopoli, George, and Ken Gerow. "An Analysis of Backcountry Accidents and Rescue in Grand Teton National Park." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 20 (January 1, 1996): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1996.3287.

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Since 1950, detailed records of all climbing accidents in Grand Teton National Park were maintained by rangers (and others) involved in rescue. In this paper, we present: 1) an overall summary of backcountry accidents, their locations, and causes since 1950; 2) several summaries of the accidents by decades, locations and activity levels; 3) a fatality synopsis; and 4) an in-depth overview of the current accident trend from 1994 through 1996, which includes a male and female accident profile, cause and location summary, cost analysis, and other information.From 1950 through 1996, 609 significant backcountry accidents have occurred, resulting in an average of about 13 incidents per year. The two categories involving the greatest number of accidents include Fall on Rocks (195) and Fall on Snow (155). Most accidents occurred during the 1970's, and are currently on the decline. Accidents caused by Rockfall or Icefall were most prevalent in the 1960's, indicating that perhaps many of the popular routes were "cleaned" during this time period. From 1950 through the 1970's, the accident rate, when scaled for activity level during the decades, increased. Since the 1970's, the rate has decreased to a low in the 1990's (0.22 %). The overall scaled accident rate for the period from 1950 through 1996 was 0.31%. The vast majority of climbing accidents occur in the Central and Northern climbing areas. In the Central Climbing area, the Grand Teton has the greatest number of incidents (121), followed by Disappointment Peak (39), Middle Teton (38), and Teewinot Mountain (32). In the Northern Climbing area, Symmetry Spire exhibits the greatest number of accidents (39). When examined by decades after being scaled for decade activity, a decline in the number of accident incidents for the 1990's is displayed in nearly all locations. One exception is Albright Peak in the Southern Climbing area, which shows a steady increase in incidents over the decades. Although the Grand Teton has experienced the greatest number of climbing accidents, the relative number of incidents is low when scaled for climbing level. Interestingly, Storm Point and Symmetry Spire in the Northern Climbing area actually exhibit the greatest number of incidents when backcountry activity is taken into account. Cascade Canyon receives the greatest number of non-climbing incidents, both in actual numbers and when scaled for backcountry activity. Most fatalities in the Tetons result from unroped falls from rock that occur while ascending and descending routes. The current accident trend (1994-1996) indicates that falls on snow are the most prevalent cause of accidents, followed by falls on rock. The Grand Teton and Middle Teton have the greatest number of climbing accidents, but when scaled for climbing activity, Storm Point and Mt. Owen have the greatest number of accidents. Cascade Canyon has the greatest number of non-climbing accidents, but when scaled for backcountry activity, Garnet Canyon demonstrates the greatest number of accidents. Most women who experience accidents in the Tetons suffer from falls on snow, have an average age of 29.7 years, and almost always fall during the descent. Most men who experience accidents in the Tetons suffer from falls on snow, and have an average age of 35.7. Fifty-seven percent of men who experience accidents on climbing trips also fall during the descent. Two accidents involving only men were situations associated with getting stuck and falls during rappel. Most accidents are currently reported by people from other parties; however, 25% of the reports come from backcountry rangers in the field. The use of cell phones to report accidents has grown dramatically. Recently, there has been an average of 119 incidents per year involving some form of rescue response, at an average annual cost of $73,215.21.

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BABIN, S. M. "Using syndromic surveillance systems to detect pneumonic plague." Epidemiology and Infection 138, no. 1 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268809990689.

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SUMMARYBecause syndromic surveillance systems use pre-diagnostic data for early detection of disease outbreaks, it is important to know how the earliest signs and symptoms of a disease might appear in these systems. The available medical literature describing the sequence of signs and symptoms of pneumonic plague reveals that, during the earliest stages, patients will most likely present with certain gastrointestinal and minimal, if any, respiratory signs. Without this knowledge, early evidence of pneumonic plague in syndromic surveillance systems may be missed until the respiratory signs become prevalent. Because plague is a zoonotic disease, new syndromic surveillance systems that use animal data from park rangers and veterinarians may provide useful evidence. This paper shows how a review of both human and animal literature can be used to design queries for syndromic surveillance systems.

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Phoonjampa, Rungnapa, Robert Steinmetz, Worrapan Phumanee, et al. "Recolonization of Former Range by Endangered Banteng Bos javanicus in Mae Wong National Park, Thailand." Tropical Conservation Science 14 (January 2021): 194008292110653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19400829211065359.

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Many large ungulate species, including the banteng ( Bos javanicus), are on the verge of extinction. Mae Wong National Park in Thailand was once a haven for banteng due to its abundance of preferred habitat, but the species was extirpated in the 1970s due to logging and hunting, before park designation. Mae Wong is connected with Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary (HKK), which retains the largest banteng population remaining in Thailand. In 2019, Mae Wong park rangers reported suspected banteng footprints near HKK. We used camera traps to verify the presence of banteng and determine their population structure and activity pattern. We observed at least nine individual bantengs (range 1–7 each month) during the 15-month survey, including three adult males, two adult females, three juveniles, and 1 calf. Solitary males and herds (up to five animals) were observed, reflecting typical social structure. Banteng were detected throughout the survey and across all seasons, suggesting a resident population. Our research confirms the return of banteng to Mae Wong after an absence of over 40 years. The banteng likely dispersed from HKK, emphasizing the importance of landscape connectivity and source sites for recovery of endangered species. Though still small, the Mae Wong population is breeding, which is significant for future population recovery. Protection, community outreach, and habitat management can help secure this population. As banteng is the preferred food of tigers, their recovery will benefit tiger conservation in Mae Wong as well.

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Creef, Elena Tajima, and Carl J. Petersen. "Remembering the Battle of Pezi Sla (Greasy Grass—aka Little Bighorn) with the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho Victory Riders: An Autoethnographic Photo Essay." Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 21, no. 3 (2021): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532708621991128.

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If one travels to Little Bighorn Battlefield National Park in late June, one can witness at least three events that simultaneously take place each year commemorating what has been called “one of the great mythic and mysterious military battles of American history” (Frosch, 2010). The National Park Service rangers give “battle talks” on the hour to visiting tourists. Two miles away, the privately run U.S. Cavalry School also performs a scripted reenactment called “Custer’s Last Ride”—with riders who have been practicing all week to play the role of soldiers from the doomed regiment of Custer’s 7th Cavalry. On this same day, a traveling band of men, women, and youth from the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho Nations who have journeyed by horseback and convoy from the Dakotas and Wyoming will reach Last Stand Hill to remember this “Victory Day” from 1876—one that historians have called the “last stand of the Indians” during the period of conflict known as the “Great Sioux War.” This photo essay offers an autoethnographic account of what some have dubbed the annual “Victory Ride” to Montana based upon my participation as a non-Native supporter of this Ride in 2017, 2018, and 2019.

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Chandra, Pivit Septiary, Abdiana Ilosa, and Elva Fabiola. "Pengelolaan Aset Daerah Taman Hutan Kota dan Taman Satwa Oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Pasaman Barat." Jurnal Ilmiah Ekotrans & Erudisi 2, no. 1 (2022): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.69989/5wpg6554.

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This research was conducted at the Environmental Service of West Pasaman Regency. The purpose of this study was to find out how the management of regional assets for the City Forest Park and Animal Park by the West Pasaman district government. The method used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. While the data collection techniques were carried out through the methods of observation, interviews and documentation as well as sampling techniques, namely people who were considered to know the things to be studied. Based on the research conducted, it can be seen that the management of regional assets for urban forest parks and animal parks by the West Pasaman district government has not run optimally starting from management, maintenance and development, no action has been taken due to several factors, namely the transfer of the authority of the Forestry Service to the province resulting in a budget funds for urban forest parks and animal parks are not clear, Covid-19 and the change of regional heads. This is evidenced by the results of interviews with officials from the Environmental Service and the rangers of urban forest parks and animal parks.

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Patel, Anika, Lisa Cheung, Nandini Khatod, Irina Matijosaitiene, Alejandro Arteaga, and Joseph W. Gilkey. "Revealing the Unknown: Real-Time Recognition of Galápagos Snake Species Using Deep Learning." Animals 10, no. 5 (2020): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10050806.

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Real-time identification of wildlife is an upcoming and promising tool for the preservation of wildlife. In this research project, we aimed to use object detection and image classification for the racer snakes of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. The final target of this project was to build an artificial intelligence (AI) platform, in terms of a web or mobile application, which would serve as a real-time decision making and supporting mechanism for the visitors and park rangers of the Galápagos Islands, to correctly identify a snake species from the user’s uploaded image. Using the deep learning and machine learning algorithms and libraries, we modified and successfully implemented four region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) architectures (models for image classification): Inception V2, ResNet, MobileNet, and VGG16. Inception V2, ResNet and VGG16 reached an overall accuracy of 75%.

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Vargas, José L., and Eric J. Alfaro. "Ultraviolet radiation at Isla del Coco (Cocos Island) National Park, Costa Rica." Revista de Biología Tropical 64, no. 1 (2016): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v64i1.23412.

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<p>Incoming solar energy that reaches the land surface is divided mainly in infrared, visible and UV. UV radiation has wave lengths from 100 to 400 nm. The World Health Organization recommends studies and monitoring of UV radiation because of its biological effects in living organisms.<strong> </strong>The use of automatic Davis weather stations, Vantage Pro Plus/Vantage Pro2 Plus type, with a sensor model 6490, allowed UV radiation measurements at Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, located in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. The stations were set near Chatham Bay (5°32’51” N - 87°02’43” W, 142 m.a.s.l) and Wafer Bay (5°32’24” N - 87°03’26” W, 132 m.a.s.l). Measurements were recorded: Apr. 5-11, 2008, Mar. 1-6, 2009, Apr. 22-27, 2010, Jul. 2-8, 2011 and Mar. 15-21, 2012. Data were described for the cloudiest and sunniest days according to the UV index (UVI) as a standardized value that allows easy data interpretation in terms of the hazard exposure for living beings. This is especially important for coral reefs (the island has the largest Pacific reefs in Costa Rica). The maximum UVI average range in Chatham decrease from 14 for sunny days to 3 for cloudy days, and from 16 to 4 for the sunniest and cloudiest days, respectively. In Wafer, these values were 12 to 4 and 14.2 to 3.0, respectively. The average exposure to UV radiation was considered high for sunny days from 9:30 to 14:30hr in Chatham and from 10:00 to 14:30 in Wafer, but these values for the sunniest days increase from 9:00 to 15:00 in Chatham and from 9:00 to 14:30 in Wafer. The equipment used was able to identify events with extremely high UVI values during the expeditions. The generation and use of this information is useful for understanding and modeling the ecosystem dynamics, and it is also valuable for the rangers’ work and for the tourism sector.</p><div> </div>

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Falcão, Fábio De Carvalho, Deyna Hulda Arêas Guanaes, and Adriano Paglia. "Medium and large-sized mammals of RPPN Estação Veracel, southernmost Bahia, Brazil." Check List 8, no. 5 (2012): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.5.929.

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One of the largest private reserves in the Atlantic Forest is the RPPN Estação Veracel, which along with the contiguous forested area of the Pau-Brasil Ecological Station, is an important part of the remaining Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia. We carried out an inventory of medium and large mammals in the Reserve during a 16-month camera trap survey, as well as conducted interviews with park rangers and searched for direct/indirect records, which revealed 33 species belonging to nine different Orders. Among the species recorded, six are categorized as threatened in the national list and four in the IUCN global list. The RPPN harbors species which are crucial to the ecosystem, many of which are in decline and threatened by high hunting pressure and reduction of habitat. The results confirm the relevance of the RPPN as a Key Biodiversity Area (KBA) for globally threatened species.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Park rangers'

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