Academic literature on the topic 'Parks [recreation areas]'

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Journal articles on the topic "Parks [recreation areas]"

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Bozhuk, Tetiana. "APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF URBANIZED TERRITORIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF NATURAL RECREATIONAL RESOURCES OF THE TERNOPIL CITY)." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 50, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.21.1.17.

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Urbanization processes with their too rapid activity and changes in the state of the environment have the ability to compensate for recreation in forest parks, parks, gardens and squares, alleys and boulevards. Natural and recreational resources are understood as factors, substances and properties of components of the natural environment that have favorable parameters for recreational activities (qualitative and quantitative) and serve or may serve for the organization of recreation, tourism, treatment and rehabilitation of people [1]. Recreational resources of the city are the properties and factors of the components of the natural environment of the city and suburban area, which can be used for recreation, tourism, treatment and rehabilitation of people. The problem of preservation and use of recreational resources of the urban environment in modern scientific publications is not covered enough. Questions of this content often arise in the study of urban ecological processes or components of urban planning, green areas of the city and so on. However, from the standpoint of recreational nature management, urban areas as potential areas of short-term recreation are still insufficiently studied. That is why the purpose of this publication is to highlight scientific approaches to the assessment of recreational resources of urban areas on the example of one of the regional centers - the city of Ternopil. The article analyzes the approaches to the assessment of natural recreational resources of the city. The current problems of recreational load on the natural areas of the urban environment are highlighted. The method of assessment of natural recreational resources of the city has been improved. It is established that the natural recreational resources of the city, first of all, include greenery, forests, water bodies and nature reserves. Accordingly, the provision of recreation areas of the urban population is directly affected by the forest cover and nature reserves of the city and suburban area. Within the city there are areas of short, medium and long-term recreation. Differentiation of these areas is based on the time availability and structure of natural recreational resources that are included in the zone. On the basis of the conducted analysis the basic indicators of a zone of short, average and far recreation of the city of Ternopil are defined. The level of landscaping of the residential area of Ternopil, which is 95 m2 / person, is calculated. Provision of the urban population with public green spaces 21.3 m2 / person and the coefficient of general use of urban green spaces, which for the city of Ternopil is 22%. The zone of distant inner-city recreation of the city of Ternopil is characterized by such indicators as the recreational capacity of parks, which is more than 13 thousand people for five parks of the city and the recreational capacity of water bodies with coastal areas 5,5 thousand people. Ternopil city parks need more detailed research, especially taking into account their functional zoning and promising areas for recreation within the city. Key words: recreational potential, recreational capacity, Ternopil city, recreation area.
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Betül TÜLEK. "Determination of Recreation Potential with Using Gülez Method in Çankırı Kadınçayırı Natural Park Example." ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5, no. 1 (March 9, 2021): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ispecjasvol5iss1pp227-234.

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In recent years, the demand for national parks and natural parks has increased with the increasing interest in outdoor recreation activities. Today, natural park areas are visited by many people who come to engage in recreational activities. For this reason, recreational activities in natural parks gain importance and take an important place in tourism activities. In this study, the research of Kadınçayırı Natural Park recreational potential which are located in the borders of Ilgaz district of Çankırı province are included. Within the scope of the research, literature studies were conducted on recreation, recreation potential and its measurement, and the recreational potential of the area was tried to be determined by performing field studies and on-site observations. As a result of the research, it has been determined that Kadınçayırı Natural Park has a high recreational potential with 66.3%.
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Tereshkin, Alexander, Olesya Azarova, and Victoria Semenyutina. "Recreation potentials of urban forest parks." BIO Web of Conferences 43 (2022): 02031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224302031.

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Recreational stress is a determining factor in the sustainability of forest ecosystems. Objects of research - green spaces of the forest park 51 ° 33’14 “N; 45 ° 55’34” E (green zone of the city of Saratov, “Kumysnaya Polyana”). Purpose: identification and optimization of the recreational potential. The forest park is 4504 hectares. The largest indicators of bulk density (1.35 g / cm3) were revealed in the service and recreation areas. For a separate section of the forest park, it is possible to increase the indicators of the recreational potential and capacity by 12.89 and 89.1%. The recreation potential of the forest park is from 65 to 85 percent. Modernization of the zoning of the forest park, accomplishment of improvement works through sanitary and landscape felling, optimization of the road network will lead to an increase in the recreational capacity of leisure to 117.4 thousand people. Landscaping techniques have been developed.
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Teodorovich, Larissa. "Ecotourism in national parks in Ukraine: theoretical and practical aspects." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 41 (September 17, 2013): 318–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.41.2005.

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The possibility of development of ecological tourism in Ukraine was considered. The legal basis for environmental protection was studied. A list of national parks of Ukraine and the current state of ecotourism in national parks was provided. Main causes and of problems of development of ecological tourism in national parks Ukraine were lighted. Key words: ecological tourism (ecotourism), National Park, Park, protected areas, recreation, tourist and recreational complex.
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Beşikçi, Tolga, Tennur Yerlisu Lapa, and Pınar Güzel. "Investigating the relationships between life satisfaction and leisure satisfaction on individuals interested in outdoor recreation: sample of parks in London." Annals of "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Fascicle XV Physical Education and Sport Management 1 (July 15, 2019): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/efms.2019.1.02.

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The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between life satisfaction and leisure satisfaction of individuals participating leisureactivities within outdoor recreation.A total of 500 individuals, (females n = 298 and males n = 202) aged 12 to 65 participated in this study, who were interested in outdoor recreation in parks in London, England. The research sample was randomly selected. These participants were individuals that participated outdoor recreation and leisure activities as a volunteer.Within the scope of the survey study, two different scales were used. At the same time,demographic variables of participants were questioned. The questionnaire form consisted of the following two scales; “The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)” developed by Diener et al. (1985) adapted to Turkish by Köker and Yetim (1991), and “Leisure Satisfaction Scale (LSS)” developed by Beard &Ragheb (1980) adapted to Turkish by Gökçe (2008).For an initial statistical representation of the data, descriptive and frequency analyses were performed. Pearson correlation coefficients were utilized to determine and interpret the existence and degree of correlations between scale mean scores. According to the findings of the study, a significantly moderate level of correlation was observed between participants’ level of life satisfaction and leisure satisfaction (r: ,36; p< .05).The results of the study show that individuals participating in outdoor recreation (parks) have a high level of life satisfaction and quality of life which in return provides positive psychological and physiological gains. In addition, individuals participating in outdoor recreation with a high level of leisure satisfaction are also expected to have a high level of life satisfaction. Thus, local authorities are suggested to pay special attention and focus on recreational activities and management of recreational areas such as parks.
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Öztürk, Huseyin. "THE FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF PARKS AND RECREATION AREAS FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PURPOSES." E-journal of New World Sciences Academy 14, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12739/nwsa.2019.14.4.2b0121.

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Nałęcz, Hanna, Anna Ostrowska-Tryzno, and Anna Pawlikowska-Piechotka. "Outdoor gyms as an example of outdoor recreation activity in urbanized areas." Turyzm/Tourism 28, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.28.1.16.

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In recent years, the popularity of outdoor gyms has been growing. They are built in urban parks, in neighbourhoods (housing estates), at school sports grounds. Recently more and more outdoor gyms are increasingly being built also in non-urban recreation areas (such as coastal beaches, lake promenades, forest parks). The aim of this research was to analyse how outdoor gyms in Warsaw and the selected surrounding localities are used.
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Nałęcz, Hanna, Anna Ostrowska-Tryzno, and Anna Pawlikowska-Piechotka. "Outdoor Gyms as an Example of Outdoor Recreation Activity in Urbanized Areas." Turyzm 28, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tour-2018-0008.

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Abstract Outdoor gyms are becoming increasingly popular in the European cities. They are built in urban parks, in neighbourhoods (housing estates) and school sports grounds. Recently outdoor gyms are increasingly being built in non–urban recreation areas (such as beaches, lake promenades, forest parks). Among them there are gyms dedicated specifically to the elderly or disabled. The aim of the research is to analyze the use of outdoor gyms in Warsaw and selected surrounding settlements.
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Guzak, Ludmula, and Natalya Andrusyak. "Mineral resources of National Nature Park “Vyzhnytskyi”: location, characterization, recommendations for use." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 42 (October 15, 2013): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.42.1774.

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This article is devoted to the study of a variety of mineral springs in the National Nature Park “Vyzhnytskyi”. Retrospective study of medicinal aspects of groundwater in the National Nature Park was analyzed. Mineral springs are located in areas regulated and fixed recreation and economic zone, which requires the development of tourism infrastructure and enhance their resort and recreational use, were determined. Key words: mineral springs, national parks, resort and recreational use of mineral waters.
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Ciesielski, Mariusz, Ewelina Dobrowolska, and Grzegorz Krok. "Tourism and recreation in Polish national parks based on social media data." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum 21, no. 4 (December 14, 2022): 513–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/aspal.7820.

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Motives: Matters related to monitoring recreational use of national parks and identifying sites with high cultural values of ecosystem services are essential elements for the efficient management of these areas. Aim: The objectives of this study were to: 1) recognize the spatio-temporal distribution of activities in national parks by users of selected social media platforms; 2) identify the locations with the highest activity among the various groups visiting the national parks; 3) identify the locations (hot spots) with the highest potential for providing cultural ecosystem services (CES). Results: The spatial and temporal distribution of activities among various user groups in the national park areas was displayed using data from social media platforms and applications. Additionally, CES hotspots for the five most popular national parks were found.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Parks [recreation areas]"

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Lee, Kit-tak Jessica. "Conservation and recreation in country parks /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13814278.

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Chow, Yun-tong. "Pokfulam Reservoir Park." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25950538.

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Lau, Chi-yung Hung Fung-ling Chiu Ming-cheong. "A feasibility study of R̀ecreation Priority Area' in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14804670.

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Wong, Livia. "A leisure and recreation retreat /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42929581.

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Thorn, Jamie. "Sustainability in Parks and Protected Areas." Thesis, Prescott College, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10277458.

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The purpose of this research was to explore the state of sustainability in U.S. Parks and Protected Areas (PPAs) as well as to create a tool to help measure and maintain sustainability in PPAs. The primary research question driving this research was “What is the current state of sustainability in U.S. PPAs?” This guiding question also addressed a sub-question, which asked, “Can a tool be developed and validated to measure the state of sustainability in parks?” The second research question in this project was “Do current park managers believe the use of a sustainable parks certificate would aid ongoing efforts to uphold and maintain sustainability in their parks?” Each research question was addressed through the creation of a survey to measure the state of sustainability through five hypothesized domains, with 55 Likert-scale-style questions and six open-ended questions addressing the certificate program. The survey opened in May 2017 and ended in October 2017. It was sent to approximately 2,645 managers across the country and included national parks and state parks in U.S. states and territories. The data showed that participants were in favor of creating a sustainable parks certificate to help them become more sustainable. A chief recommendation was to start an initiative aimed at providing an online platform for sustainability training geared specifically toward PPAs. This research project has begun the steps necessary to advance the state of sustainability in U.S. PPAs.

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Cheuk, Hau-kwan Elsa. "Recreation planning in urban fringe park within metropolitan area /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13117488.

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Poon, Po-wan Shirley. "Reducing traffic in country parks." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23339275.

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Wat, Wing-chung. "Urban fringe park for conservation and recreation Mount Davis, Kennedy Town /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38216553.

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Price, Nina. "Waitangi Park : public land in competition : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Sociology /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1064.

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Lee, Kit-tak Jessica, and 李潔德. "Conservation and recreation in country parks." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258293.

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Books on the topic "Parks [recreation areas]"

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Illinois. Dept. of Conservation. Recreational areas guide. [Springfield, Ill.]: Illinois Dept. of Conservation, 1985.

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McCaig, Barb. Pennsylvania parks guide. Milwaukee, WI: Affordable Adventures, 1988.

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Saayman, M. Parks and recreation management in perspective. Potchefstroom: Institute for Tourism and Leisure Studies, Department of Recreation and and Tourism, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 1997.

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Board, Cascade County Park. Park and recreation plan, Cascade County, Montana. [Mont.]: The Board, 1990.

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Schiff, Thomas R. Panoramic parks: An appreciation of Cincinnati's parks. Cincinnati, OH: Lightborne Pub., 2005.

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Competitive management of parks and green spaces. London: H.M.S.O., 1988.

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Russell, Evan Ray. History: Owensboro parks and recreation, 1815-1990. [Owensboro, Ky.]: E.R. Russell, 1990.

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Phillip, Rea, and Payne Scott, eds. Park and recreation maintenance management. 4th ed. Champaign, IL: Sagamore Pub., 2007.

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Commission, Massachusetts Metropolitan District. Metropolitan Parks system centennial year: 1893-1993. [Boston, Mass.]: Metropolitan District Commission, 1993.

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Sternloff, Robert E. Park & recreation maintenance management. 3rd ed. Scottsdale, Ariz: Publishing Horizons, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Parks [recreation areas]"

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Greening, Gary, and George M. Pomeroy. "Impact of Parks, Recreation, and Other Open Space Areas on Property Values and Quality of Life: A Case Study of South Middleton Township." In Multidimensional Approach to Quality of Life Issues, 253–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6958-2_17.

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Waite, Sue, Fatima Husain, Berenice Scandone, Emma Forsyth, and Hannah Piggott. "Moving towards nature? Exploring progressive pathways to engage children and young people from disadvantaged backgrounds in nature-based activities." In Leisure activities in the outdoors: learning, developing and challenging, 130–44. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248203.0011.

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Abstract This study explores Pathways to engage children and young people from disadvantaged backgrounds in nature-based activities. It discusses challenges in balancing multiple demands on National Parks to protect biodiversity and meet human recreational needs, suggesting that regional parks that combine wild and managed areas offer a better solution than doing nothing and allowing yet further human encroachment on 'pristine' natural environments. The study concludes how the participants of the study frames and/or defines the progress in relation to nature.
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Bartling, Mai-Liis. "Infrastructure in a Park and Recreation Setting: The Example of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area – “The Teams behind the Partnership Brand”." In Women in Infrastructure, 467–502. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92821-6_19.

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Ewert, Alan W., Denise S. Mitten, and Jillisa R. Overholt. "Conclusions and desired future: take a park, not a pill." In Health and natural landscapes: concepts and applications, 96–109. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245400.0008.

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Abstract This book chapter seeks to answer questions from: research and evidence, developing a sustainable and desired future, health needs and aspirations, the role of natural landscapes. Premised on the chapters of this book, these guiding principles highlight the importance of natural landscapes to human and planetary health: (1) humans modify landscapes, or our surroundings, and there is a reciprocal influence between human health and landscape health (2) worldviews are not fixed and are influential in the ways societies interact with landscapes. Current dominant worldviews represent a small sliver of history; we can make other choices. (3) Human induced environmental devastation negatively influences wellbeing, especially among the most disenfranchised. Attending to relationships and reciprocity as well as feelings of loss and grief are part of the solution. (4) Healthy intact landscapes can promote wellbeing through restorative, preventive, and therapeutic mechanisms. (5) An extensive body of research exists, but further research and systematic investigation is needed to more fully understand the effects of interactions between humans and their landscapes. (6) Intentional practices and programs through education, recreation, socialisation, and lifestyle can help us develop healthy relationships with our landscapes. Ancient beneficial practices can be recovered and relearned. and (7) Intentional design choices can enhance the places where we live and work promoting the health benefits of nature in urban areas also supports human wellbeing.
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Górriz-Mifsud, Elena, Aitor Ameztegui, Jose Ramón González, and Antoni Trasobares. "Climate-Smart Forestry Case Study: Spain." In Forest Bioeconomy and Climate Change, 211–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99206-4_13.

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AbstractIn Spain, 55% of land area is covered by forests and other woodlands. Broadleaves occupy a predominant position (56%), followed by conifers (37%) and mixed stands (7%). Forest are distributed among the Atlantic (north-western Iberian rim), Mediterranean (rest of the peninsula including the Balearic Islands) and Macaronesian (Canary Islands) climate zones. Spanish woodlands provide a multiplicity of provisioning ecosystem services, such as, wood, cork, pine nuts, mushrooms and truffles. In terms of habitat services, biodiversity is highly relevant. Cultural services are mainly recreational and tourism, the latter being a crucial economic sector in Spain (including rural and ecotourism). Regulatory services, such as erosion control, water availability, flood and wildfire risk reduction, are of such great importance that related forest zoning and consequent legislation were established already in the eighteenth century. Climate change in Southern Europe is forecast to involve an increase in temperature, reduction in precipitation and increase in aridity. As a result, the risks for natural disturbances are expected to increase. Of these, forest fires usually have the greatest impact on ecosystems in Spain. In 2010–2019, the average annual forest surface area affected by fire was 95,065 ha. The combination of extreme climatic conditions (drought, wind) and the large proportion of unmanaged forests presents a big challenge for the future. Erosion is another relevant risk. In the case of fire, mitigation strategies should combine modification of the land use at the landscape level, in order to generate mosaics that will create barriers to the spread of large fires, along with stand-level prevention measures to either slow the spread of surface fires or, more importantly, impede the possibility of fire crowning or disrupt its spread. Similarly, forest management can play a major role in mitigating the impact of drought on a forest. According to the land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) accounting, Spanish forests absorbed 11% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in 2019. Investments in climate-smart forestry provide opportunities for using all the different parts of the Spanish forest-based sector for climate mitigation––forest sinks, the substitution of wood raw materials and products for fossil materials, and the storage of carbon in wood products. Moreover, this approach simultaneously helps to advance the adaptation of the forest to changing climate and to build forest resilience.
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"Protected areas, national parks and outdoor recreation." In Outdoor Recreation Management, 260–91. Routledge, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203983584-14.

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"Pudacuo National Park and Beyond in Yunnan Province: National Parks Envisioned and National Parks in Practice." In Conservation and Recreation in Protected Areas, 256–74. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315573489-23.

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"Governance models for parks, recreation, and tourism." In Transforming Parks and Protected Areas, 51–73. Routledge, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203961902-9.

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"Parks and Recreation: Planning the Epistemic Community." In Equity, Growth, and Community: What the Nation Can Learn from America's Metro Areas, 76–99. University of California Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/luminos.6.d.

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Brown, Perry J. "Defining the Recreation Experience." In Managing Air Quality and Scenic Resources at National Parks and Wilderness Areas, 3–12. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429050084-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Parks [recreation areas]"

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Khandogiy, A. V., E. K. Svistun, I. V. Gubich, V. V. Rottooth, N. А. Anishchenko, A. D. Petkevich, A. A. Neverko, et al. "BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGY OF BIRDS IN THE PARK ZONES OF MINSK." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-197-201.

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The article discusses the features of the ecology of birds in the parks of Minsk. The territorial heterogeneity of quantitative indicators of the bird population was determined. Factors that threaten birds in urban areas have been identified. Measures are proposed to preserve the species diversity of the avifauna and improve the ecological conditions of habitats in the parks of the capital, such as the creation of special recreation areas for people on the outskirts of park areas, conservation of tree species, planting trees and shrubs, conservation of forest litter, installation of artificial nests and feeders, use for night lighting more modern lighting fixtures, promoting the protection and conservation of the avifauna, educating citizens in a humane and caring attitude towards the animal world. It is concluded that the conservation of bird biodiversity should be addressed in a comprehensive manner, depending on the ecological specifics of a particular bird species and a particular park.
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Maximova, Olga. "Are urban parks adapted for the future?" In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/gprs8340.

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The paper analyses how the urban parks can be more adaptive for situation of pandemic. In the era of Covid-19 we are faced new challenges. Weaknesses were and are evident in everyday life also now. Moscow is the largest city in the world situated so far from equator, its agglomeration has a population of 17,2 million people. During the period of pandemic in Moscow from 2nd of April 2020 55 city parks, estates and recreation areas were closed for visits. The paper discusses how we can change and what we need to change in green infrastructure of urban parks to have healthy accessible territories for citizens also at-risk situation. Should parks be closed during mass infections? What the parks should be like during the period of mass infectious diseases? Which new strategic values can be introduced for development urban green environment of the new generation? Which changes have to be done for urban planning in general, considering innovative approaches?
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Barry, W. James, Gena R. Lasko, and James V. Suero. "California's New Marine Managed Areas System: The Role and Vision of the California Department of Parks and Recreation." In California and the World Ocean 2002. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40761(175)93.

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Kryukov, V. "URBAN GREEN BELT CHANGES IN THE CONTEXT OF SPATIAL PLANNING." In Man and Nature: Priorities of Modern Research in the Area of Interaction of Nature and Society. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2602.s-n_history_2021_44/178-183.

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A crucial components of the most valuable Moscow city green belt part have been investigated – protected areas (PAs): downsizing, functional zoning change, biotopes disturbance. It has been revealed that changes of PAs borders are limited (0,5% of total area) in general and are related mostly to some land-users elimination, whose activities are not connected to nature conservation, and compensation based on other green areas including quite remote. The most important transformations topic is mitigation of restrictions, especially in PAs central parts and near-water areas, such as negative changes of functional zones sharings. It has been revealed on the basis of recreational disturbance mapping of nature and historic park «Izmaylovo», that 3 recreational disturbance degree is prevailing, 2 degree is less common, while 1 degree (almost not transformed) is barely represented. Such transformations are expressed in frequent land-use conflicts. Nowadays, Moscow PAs changes are mostly negative in the context of ecosystem functions, while recreation resources will increase.
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Bechera, Denis, Gabriel Kuczman, and Miroslav Čibik. "Evaluation of Woody Plants Located in Rural Public Park Areas." In Public recreation and landscape protection - with environment hand in hand… Mendel University in Brno, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0120.

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Matveeva, I. A., T. V. Kulesh, A. A. Makarevich, and I. V. Puhteeva. "ASSESSMENT OF THE DYNAMICS OF STAND OF TREES IN THE URBAN RECREATIONAL AREAS OF MINSK." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-1-297-300.

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As a result of the study, it was established that the park «Friendship of the Peoples’’ in its condition belongs to the parks with average recreational loads. The main types of recreational use of the park are walks, walks with dogs, sports, holding fairs. The park is poorly equipped for this use: there are not enough places to rest (benches, gazebos, etc.). There are no containers for separate collection of garbage. The results of the assessment of the condition of the stand of trees show that the weakened tree is located along the street of M. Bogdanovich before the intersection with Orlovsky, as well as in the central part of the park. Along the street of L. Karastaynova the condition of the trees is much better. This is due to the age of the trees and the intensity of the transport load. However, there is a negative dynamic at the site, located in the area of the reversal ring of Bangalore Square.
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Gültekin, Pinar, Yaşar Selman Gültekin, and Yaşar Selman Gültekin. "DETERMINATION OF NOISE SOURCES IN RECREATION AREAS AND NOISE MANAGEMENT: EXAMPLE OF ABANT NATURE PARK." In 53rd International Academic Conference, Dubai. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2020.053.006.

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Banaszek, Jarosław, Marzena Leksy, and Oimahmad Rahmonov. "The ecological diversity of vegetation within urban parks in the Dąbrowski Basin (southern Poland)." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.005.

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The aim of this work is to present the diversity of flora in terms of ecological requirements. The research was conducted in the area of two urban parks in the area of two cities in southern Poland: Bedzin and Czeladz. These parks were established in different historical periods, and were planned (and are managed) differently. The results of the investigation have shown that the occurrence of 192 vascular species has been observed in the Gora Zamkowa (Castle Hill) Park, while in the Grabek park, 334 such species are known to exist. Such disparity is the result of the occurrence of micro-habitats and of the differences between the ways the two parks are managed. It is also due to these parks’ different functions. In the first case, the park area is protected by law. In the latter case, human activity has created a new ecological niche for organisms with a high degree of ecological tolerance. Based on the ecological values, the following groups of plants were distinguished: saxi-frages grasslands, xerothermic grasslands, beech forests, alder forests and artificial planted trees. Analysis has shown that ur-ban parks are potential places for growth various type of vegetation and also for increasing biodiversity, and can constitute particularly important hotspots for biodiversity in the cityscape, even if their primary role is recreational. As the study shows, the environment of a highly urbanized and industrialized region can also have a positive influence on ecological and floristic diversity.
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Gurskis, Vincas, and Viktorija Zujavičienė. "INFLUENCE OF BUILDINGS EXTERIOR ON THE LANDSCAPE OF THE NEMUNAS DELTA REGIONAL PARK." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.051.

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Protected areas were established in Lithuania in order to preserve not only the natural and cultural heritage, landscape and biodiversity, but the landscape and ecological balance, the genetic fund, to restore the natural resources and to provide educational recreation, research and environmental monitoring as well as the promotion of natural and cultural heritage protection. The Nemunas Delta Regional Park was established to preserve the lower Nemunas landscape, the natural ecosystem and cultural heritage values, and manage them rationally. Protected areas residents seek to reconstruct, modernize the existing buildings, in such a way the landscape is being changing. The evaluation of the structures belonging to one hundred park’s homesteads showed that the existing older buildings roof covering is from grey asbestos slates (56 %). In recent years, ceramic tiles and non-asbestos slates are being increasingly used as roofing material, wood (characteristic for grey colour) is usually used for building wall decoration (48 %). These colours correspond to the regulated by the park management regulations. The Regional Park landscape is blemished by the ruins of abandoned buildings, individual illegal structures, unsuitable colours selected for building exteriors decoration, the recommended window division into four or six sections is not being kept to.
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Bryon, Kevin. "North Miami Beach Mixed Use Multi-Family Housing Project." In 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.8.

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This site is located on North Miami Beach, across from the North Shore Recreational Park (a wooded park along the beach). It is currently a barren strip of eight blocks serving as unused parking and storage for miscellaneous construction equipment. The adjacent context to the west is primarily two- and three-story apartment housing separated from the site by a one-lane service alley. The program given to this area is mixed-use focusing on multi-family housing. The most important issue to address is the connection between the existing residential area and the proposed housing project through contextual response. The intention of this project is to weave these two areas together and create a singular neighborhood condition by reactivating the existing alley system.
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Reports on the topic "Parks [recreation areas]"

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Ziesler, Pamela, and Claire Spalding. Statistical abstract: 2021. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293345.

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In 2021, recreation visits to National Park Service (NPS) sites rebounded from the COVID-19 pandemic-driven low visitation of 2020 and climbed to 297,115,406 recreation visits. This is an increase of 60 million recreation visits (+25.3%) from 2020 and a decrease of 30 million recreation visits (-9.3%) from 2019. Recreation visitor hours were 1,356,657,749 – a 28.6% increase from 2020 and a 5.1% decrease from 2019. Total overnight stays followed a similar pattern with 12,745,455 overnight stays – up 4.7 million (+58.5%) from 2020 and down 1.1 million (-8%) from 2019. Five parks were added to the reporting system in 2021: Alagnak Wild River in Alaska, Camp Nelson National Monument in Kentucky, Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument in Mississippi, Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument in Nevada, and World War I Memorial in Washington, D.C. These parks were responsible for over 629,000 recreation visits in 2021. Factors influencing visits to National Park System units in 2021 include: continuing closures and limited capacities due to COVID-19 mitigation at some parks, temporary closures for wildland fires in 2021 (eleven parks), severe regional smoke/haze from ongoing wildland fires throughout the summer and early autumn affecting parks in the western half and northern tier of states in the continental U.S., two hurricanes in 2021 – both in August – impacted visitation: Hurricane Henri caused temporary closures of some parks in the northeast and Hurricane Ida caused temporary closures of parks along the Gulf Coast and generated some heavy flooding in the northeast, hurricanes and wildland fires in previous years resulting in lingering closures, most notably Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017, the Carr and Woolsey Fires in 2018, Hurricane Dorian in 2019, the Caldwell, Cameron Peak, East Troublesome, and Woodward Fires in 2020, and Hurricane Sally in 2020. Forty-four parks set a record for recreation visits in 2021 and 6 parks broke a record they set in 2020. See Appendix A for a list of record parks. The number of reporting units with over 10 million recreation visits was the same as in recent years (3 parks) and 73 parks had over 1 million recreation visits. Twenty-five percent of total recreation visits occurred in the top 8 parks and fifty percent of total visitation occurred in the top 25 parks. Several parks passed annual visitation milestones including Capulin Volcano NM which passed 100,000 annual recreation visits for the first time, Big Bend NP and Devils Tower NM which each passed 500,000 annual recreation visits for the first time, and Zion NP which passed 5 million visits for the first time. Other parks passed milestones for accumulated recreation visits including Hamilton Grange NMEM (1968-2021) and Palo Alto Battlefield NHP (2003-2021) each passing 1 million total recreation visits, Voyageurs NP (1976-2021) passing 10 million total recreation visits, and Hot Springs NP (1904-2021) passing 100 million total recreation visits. Population center designations were updated in 2021 to reflect overlap of park boundaries with statistical areas from the 2020 U.S. Census. Many population center changes reflect increases in local population as indicated by parks changing from rural to outlying or from outlying to suburban. Other changes reflect increasing complexity in population density as parks changed from a single designation, such as rural or suburban, to a mixed designation. See the Definitions section for population center definitions and Table B.1 for previous and updated population center designations by park. In the pages that follow, a series of tables and figures display visitor use data for calendar year 2021. By documenting these visits across the National Park System, the NPS Statistical Abstract offers a historical record of visitor use in parks and provides NPS staff and partners with a useful tool for effective management and planning. In 2021, 394 of 423 NPS units...
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Gladney, E. S., R. W. Ferenbaugh, M. G. Bell, C. Burns, J. D. Morgan, E. J. Nickell, and T. Graham. Chemical analysis of selected pothole water sources in Southwestern National Parks, Monuments, and Recreation Areas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10182459.

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Cooper, Christopher, Jacob McDonald, and Eric Starkey. Wadeable stream habitat monitoring at Congaree National Park: 2018 baseline report. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286621.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) Wadeable Stream Habitat Monitoring Protocol collects data to give park resource managers insight into the status of and trends in stream and near-channel habitat conditions (McDonald et al. 2018a). Wadeable stream monitoring is currently implemented at the five SECN inland parks with wadeable streams. These parks include Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE), Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO), Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (OCMU), Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT), and Congaree National Park (CONG). Streams at Congaree National Park chosen for monitoring were specifically targeted for management interest (e.g., upstream development and land use change, visitor use of streams as canoe trails, and potential social walking trail erosion) or to provide a context for similar-sized stream(s) within the park or network (McDonald and Starkey 2018a). The objectives of the SECN wadeable stream habitat monitoring protocol are to: Determine status of upstream watershed characteristics (basin morphology) and trends in land cover that may affect stream habitat, Determine the status of and trends in benthic and near-channel habitat in selected wadeable stream reaches (e.g., bed sediment, geomorphic channel units, and large woody debris), Determine the status of and trends in cross-sectional morphology, longitudinal gradient, and sinuosity of selected wadeable stream reaches. Between June 11 and 14, 2018, data were collected at Congaree National Park to characterize the in-stream and near-channel habitat within stream reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) and McKenzie Creek (CONG004). These data, along with the analysis of remotely sensed geographic information system (GIS) data, are presented in this report to describe and compare the watershed-, reach-, and transect-scale characteristics of these four stream reaches to each other and to selected similar-sized stream reaches at Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park, Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, and Chattahoochee National Recreation Area. Surveyed stream reaches at Congaree NP were compared to those previously surveyed in other parks in order to provide regional context and aid in interpretation of results. edar Creek’s watershed (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) drains nearly 200 square kilometers (77.22 square miles [mi2]) of the Congaree River Valley Terrace complex and upper Coastal Plain to the north of the park (Shelley 2007a, 2007b). Cedar Creek’s watershed has low slope and is covered mainly by forests and grasslands. Cedar Creek is designated an “Outstanding Resource Water” by the state of South Carolina (S.C. Code Regs. 61–68 [2014] and S.C. Code Regs. 61–69 [2012]) from the boundary of the park downstream to Wise Lake. Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ (CONG001) is located just downstream (south) of the park’s Bannister Bridge canoe landing, which is located off Old Bluff Road and south of the confluence with Meyers Creek. Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ (CONG002 and CONG003, respectively) are located downstream of Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ where Cedar Creek flows into the relatively flat backswamp of the Congaree River flood plain. Based on the geomorphic and land cover characteristics of the watershed, monitored reaches on Cedar Creek are likely to flood often and drain slowly. Flooding is more likely at Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ than at Cedar Creek ‘upstream.’ This is due to the higher (relative to CONG001) connectivity between the channels of the lower reaches and their out-of-channel areas. Based on bed sediment characteristics, the heterogeneity of geomorphic channel units (GCUs) within each reach, and the abundance of large woody debris (LWD), in-stream habitat within each of the surveyed reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001–003) was classified as ‘fair to good.’ Although, there is extensive evidence of animal activity...
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Southern Plains Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293756.

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Type sections are one of several kinds of stratotypes. A stratotype is the standard (original or subsequently designated), accessible, and specific sequence of rock for a named geologic unit that forms the basis for the definition, recognition, and comparison of that unit elsewhere. Geologists designate stratotypes for rock exposures that are illustrative and representative of the map unit being defined. Stratotypes ideally should remain accessible for examination and study by others. In this sense, geologic stratotypes are similar in concept to biological type specimens, however, they remain in situ as rock exposures rather than curated in a repository. Therefore, managing stratotypes requires inventory and monitoring like other geologic heritage resources in parks. In addition to type sections, stratotypes also include type localities, type areas, reference sections, and lithodemes, all of which are defined in this report. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to stratotypes that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic heritage resources. This effort identified two stratotypes designated within two park units of the Southern Plains Inventory & Monitoring Network (SOPN): Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument (ALFL) has one type locality; and Capulin Volcano National Monument (CAVO) contains one type area. There are currently no designated stratotypes within Bent’s Old Fort National Historic Site (BEOL), Chickasaw National Recreation Area (CHIC), Fort Larned National Historic Site (FOLS), Fort Union National Monument (FOUN), Lake Meredith National Recreation Area (LAMR), Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park (LYJO), Pecos National Historical Site (PECO), Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site (SAND), Waco Mammoth National Monument (WACO), and Washita Battlefield National Historic Site (WABA). The inventory of geologic stratotypes across the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS has centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring (I&M) networks established during the late 1990s. Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks and was therefore adopted for the stratotype inventory. The Greater Yellowstone I&M Network (GRYN) was the pilot network for initiating this project (Henderson et al. 2020). Methodologies and reporting strategies adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the SOPN. This report includes a recommendation section that addresses outstanding issues and future steps regarding park unit stratotypes. These recommendations will hopefully guide decision-making and help ensure that these geoheritage resources are properly protected and that proposed park activities or development will not adversely impact the stability and condition of these geologic exposures.
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Albright, Jeff, Kim Struthers, Lisa Baril, John Spence, Mark Brunson, and Ken Hyde. Natural resource conditions at Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Findings & management considerations for selected resources. National Park Service, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293112.

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Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (GLCA) encompasses more than 0.5 million ha (1.25 million ac) and extends over 322 km (200 mi) from its northern boundary in southern Utah to its southern boundary in northern Arizona. It is one of the most rugged, remote, and floristically diverse national parks on the Southern Colorado Plateau (Thomas et. al 2005) and has more than 4,900 km (3,045 mi) of waterways flowing through its eight Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC 8) watersheds. GLCA’s larger perennial rivers include the Colorado, Escalante, Dirty Devil, San Juan, and Paria, with smaller perennial and intermittent streams flowing into each of these rivers. After the creation of the Glen Canyon Dam, Lake Powell formed, covering 13% of the park’s total land area when full and the national recreation area attracts over 4 million visitors annually, and in 2019 GLCA ranked 19th highest in recreational visits out of all national parks. The National Park Service Natural Resource Condition Assessment Program selected GLCA to pilot its new NRCA project series. NRCA projects evaluate the best available science to provide park managers with reliable, actionable information pertaining to natural resource conditions in their park. For the park-selected focal study resources, this includes consideration of drivers and stressors known or suspected of influencing resource conditions; assessment of current conditions and trends for indicators of condition; and potential near-term and future activities or actions managers can consider, improving their knowledge and management of natural resources in parks. For focal resources that lack adequate data to assess current conditions, a gap analysis is provided (in lieu of a condition assessment) to highlight the present status of knowledge of the resource and to suggest useful indicators, data, and studies for further consideration and investigation. Park managers are encouraged to identify information needs and pose questions during the NRCA scoping process, with the understanding that information will be provided to help address those needs and answer those questions when possible. For a comprehensive list of GLCA managers’ questions and needs, please refer to Appendix A, Table A-1. The focus of GLCA’s NRCA study was the water-dependent resources—tinajas, springs & seeps, including water quality, riparian zone, amphibians, including the northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens), and small, native fishes—that are found off the mainstem Colorado River. Managers were interested in these particular environments and the natural resources that depend on them because they are less studied, and the habitats are “biodiversity hotspots” due to the intersection of complex desert and freshwater ecosystems in a region limited by water. The following summaries highlight the key findings of GLCA’s focal resource drivers and stressors (Chapter 2), states (Chapter 3), and manager responses (Chapter 4).
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Taverna, Kristin. Vegetation classification and mapping of land additions at Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia: Addendum to technical report NPS/NER/NRTR 2008/128. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294278.

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In 2008 and 2015, the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage produced vegetation maps for Richmond National Battlefield Park, following the protocols of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) – National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Program. The original 2008 report was part of a regional project to map and classify the vegetation in seven national parks in Virginia. The 2015 report was an addendum to the original report and mapped the vegetation in newly acquired parcels. Since 2015, the park has acquired an additional 820 acres of land within 12 individual parcels, including the 650 acre North Anna unit. This report is an addendum to the 2008 and 2015 reports and documents the mapping of vegetation and other land-use classes for the 12 new land parcels at Richmond National Battlefield Park, with an updated vegetation map for the entire park. The updated map and associated data provide information on the sensitivity and ecological integrity of habitats and can help prioritize areas for protection. The vegetation map of the new land parcels includes eighteen map classes, representing 14 associations from the United States National Vegetation Classification, one nonstandard, park-specific class, and three Anderson Level II land-use categories. The vegetation classification and map classes are consistent with the original 2008 report. Vegetation-map classes for the new land parcels were identified through field reconnaissance, data collection, and aerial photo interpretation. Aerial photography from 2017 served as the base map for mapping the 12 new parcels, and field sampling was conducted in the summer of 2020. Three new map classes for the Park were encountered and described during the study, all within the North Anna park unit. These map classes are Coastal Plain / Outer Piedmont Basic Mesic Forest, Northern Coastal Plain / Piedmont Oak – Beech / Heath Forest, and Southern Piedmont / Inner Coastal Plain Floodplain Terrace Forest. The examples of Coastal Plain / Outer Piedmont Basic Mesic Forest and Southern Piedmont / Inner Coastal Plain Floodplain Terrace Forest at North Anna meet the criteria of size, condition, and landscape context to be considered a Natural Heritage exemplary natural community occurrence and should be targeted for protection and management as needed. New local and global descriptions for the three map classes are included as part of this report. Refinements were made to the vegetation field key to include the new map classes. The updated field key is part of this report. An updated table listing the number of polygons and total hectares for each of the 28 vegetation- map classes over the entire park is also included in the report. A GIS coverage containing a vegetation map for the entire park with updated Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) compliant metadata was completed for this project. The attribute table field names are the same as the 2008 and 2015 products, with the exception of an additional field indicating the year each polygon was last edited.
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Hostetler, Steven, Cathy Whitlock, Bryan Shuman, David Liefert, Charles Wolf Drimal, and Scott Bischke. Greater Yellowstone climate assessment: past, present, and future climate change in greater Yellowstone watersheds. Montana State University, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/gyca2021.

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The Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) is one of the last remaining large and nearly intact temperate ecosystems on Earth (Reese 1984; NPSa undated). GYA was originally defined in the 1970s as the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, which encompassed the minimum range of the grizzly bear (Schullery 1992). The boundary was enlarged through time and now includes about 22 million acres (8.9 million ha) in northwestern Wyoming, south central Montana, and eastern Idaho. Two national parks, five national forests, three wildlife refuges, 20 counties, and state and private lands lie within the GYA boundary. GYA also includes the Wind River Indian Reservation, but the region is the historical home to several Tribal Nations. Federal lands managed by the US Forest Service, the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service amount to about 64% (15.5 million acres [6.27 million ha] or 24,200 square miles [62,700 km2]) of the land within the GYA. The federal lands and their associated wildlife, geologic wonders, and recreational opportunities are considered the GYA’s most valuable economic asset. GYA, and especially the national parks, have long been a place for important scientific discoveries, an inspiration for creativity, and an important national and international stage for fundamental discussions about the interactions of humans and nature (e.g., Keiter and Boyce 1991; Pritchard 1999; Schullery 2004; Quammen 2016). Yellowstone National Park, established in 1872 as the world’s first national park, is the heart of the GYA. Grand Teton National Park, created in 1929 and expanded to its present size in 1950, is located south of Yellowstone National Park1 and is dominated by the rugged Teton Range rising from the valley of Jackson Hole. The Gallatin-Custer, Shoshone, Bridger-Teton, Caribou-Targhee, and Beaverhead-Deerlodge national forests encircle the two national parks and include the highest mountain ranges in the region. The National Elk Refuge, Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, and Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge also lie within GYA.
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Thornberry-Ehrlich, Trista. Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area: Geologic resources inventory report. National Park Service, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294835.

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Geologic Resources Inventory reports provide information and resources to help park managers make decisions for visitor safety, planning and protection of infrastructure, and preservation of natural and cultural resources. Information in GRI reports may also be useful for interpretation. This report synthesizes discussions from a scoping meeting held in 2012 and a follow-up conference call in 2021. Chapters of this report discuss the geologic heritage, geologic and physiographic setting, geologic history, geologic features and processes, and geologic resource management issues of Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area. Guidance for resource management and information about the previously completed GRI GIS data and poster (separate products) is also provided.
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Evans, Julie, Kendra Sikes, and Jamie Ratchford. Vegetation classification at Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Mojave National Preserve, Castle Mountains National Monument, and Death Valley National Park: Final report (Revised with Cost Estimate). National Park Service, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279201.

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Vegetation inventory and mapping is a process to document the composition, distribution and abundance of vegetation types across the landscape. The National Park Service’s (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) program has determined vegetation inventory and mapping to be an important resource for parks; it is one of 12 baseline inventories of natural resources to be completed for all 270 national parks within the NPS I&M program. The Mojave Desert Network Inventory & Monitoring (MOJN I&M) began its process of vegetation inventory in 2009 for four park units as follows: Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LAKE), Mojave National Preserve (MOJA), Castle Mountains National Monument (CAMO), and Death Valley National Park (DEVA). Mapping is a multi-step and multi-year process involving skills and interactions of several parties, including NPS, with a field ecology team, a classification team, and a mapping team. This process allows for compiling existing vegetation data, collecting new data to fill in gaps, and analyzing the data to develop a classification that then informs the mapping. The final products of this process include a vegetation classification, ecological descriptions and field keys of the vegetation types, and geospatial vegetation maps based on the classification. In this report, we present the narrative and results of the sampling and classification effort. In three other associated reports (Evens et al. 2020a, 2020b, 2020c) are the ecological descriptions and field keys. The resulting products of the vegetation mapping efforts are, or will be, presented in separate reports: mapping at LAKE was completed in 2016, mapping at MOJA and CAMO will be completed in 2020, and mapping at DEVA will occur in 2021. The California Native Plant Society (CNPS) and NatureServe, the classification team, have completed the vegetation classification for these four park units, with field keys and descriptions of the vegetation types developed at the alliance level per the U.S. National Vegetation Classification (USNVC). We have compiled approximately 9,000 existing and new vegetation data records into digital databases in Microsoft Access. The resulting classification and descriptions include approximately 105 alliances and landform types, and over 240 associations. CNPS also has assisted the mapping teams during map reconnaissance visits, follow-up on interpreting vegetation patterns, and general support for the geospatial vegetation maps being produced. A variety of alliances and associations occur in the four park units. Per park, the classification represents approximately 50 alliances at LAKE, 65 at MOJA and CAMO, and 85 at DEVA. Several riparian alliances or associations that are somewhat rare (ranked globally as G3) include shrublands of Pluchea sericea, meadow associations with Distichlis spicata and Juncus cooperi, and woodland associations of Salix laevigata and Prosopis pubescens along playas, streams, and springs. Other rare to somewhat rare types (G2 to G3) include shrubland stands with Eriogonum heermannii, Buddleja utahensis, Mortonia utahensis, and Salvia funerea on rocky calcareous slopes that occur sporadically in LAKE to MOJA and DEVA. Types that are globally rare (G1) include the associations of Swallenia alexandrae on sand dunes and Hecastocleis shockleyi on rocky calcareous slopes in DEVA. Two USNVC vegetation groups hold the highest number of alliances: 1) Warm Semi-Desert Shrub & Herb Dry Wash & Colluvial Slope Group (G541) has nine alliances, and 2) Mojave Mid-Elevation Mixed Desert Scrub Group (G296) has thirteen alliances. These two groups contribute significantly to the diversity of vegetation along alluvial washes and mid-elevation transition zones.
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Casper, Gary, Stfani Madau, and Thomas Parr. Acoustic amphibian monitoring, 2019 data summary: Mississippi National River and Recreation Area. National Park Service, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295507.

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Amphibians are a Vital Sign indicator for monitoring long-term ecosystem health in seven national park units that comprise the Great Lakes Network. We present here the results for 2019 amphibian monitoring at Mississippi National River and Recreation Area (MISS). Appendices contain tabular summaries for six years of cumulative results. The National Park Service Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network established 10 permanent acoustic amphibian monitoring sites at MISS in 2015. Acoustic samples are collected by placing automated recorders with omnidirectional stereo microphones at each of the 10 sampling sites. Temperature loggers co-located with the recorders also collect air temperature during the sampling period. Eight of the nine species of frog and toad known to occur at MISS were found in 2019. The most well distributed species were Eastern American Toad, Gray Treefrog, Green Frog, and Northern Leopard Frog. Rarer are Blanchard’s Cricket Frog, Cope’s Gray Treefrog, Wood Frog, and Boreal Chorus Frog. American Bullfrog has not yet been detected on GLKN monitored sites but has been recently confirmed nearby (Pigs Eye Lake). Two of the ten sites—MISS02, MISS04—were not sampled in 2019 due to flooding, and occupancy of early calling species at MISS06 was determined inconclusive due to a late sampling start. MISS07 was also deployed late and results may contain some false absences due to late sampling. We expanded analyses and reporting in 2018 to address calling phenology and to provide a second metric for tracking changes in abundance (as opposed to occupancy) across years. Occupancy analyses track whether or not a site was occupied by a species. Abundance is tracked by assessing how the maximum call intensity changes on sites across years, and by how many automated detections are reported from sites across years. Using two independent survey methods, manual and automated, with large sample sizes continues to return reliable results, providing a confident record of site occupancy for most species. There were some data collection issues in 2019, with two ARS units not deployed and two others with late start dates. This did reduce our ability to assess some sites and species. Summaries of 2019 data are shown in Appendices A, B and C, and cumulative data collection result summaries are provided in Appendix E. Since temperature logs show that the threshold of ≥40°F was already exceeded by 1 April in 2019, we recommend a 15 March start date for future data collection.
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