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van, Hoppe Inge. "Interactive Parrot Playgrounds." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23512.
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It is a challenging interaction design task to design for and with animals, especially when it comes to parrots as users. Not only because working with parrots requires a lot of patience, but also because there is very few related work. Parrots are highly intelligent and that is often the problem when they are kept as companion animal. Parrots need a lot of stimuli to trigger their intelligence and to keep them busy, to avoid serious problems such as unwanted behaviour or self-mutilation.The body language and the needs of my parrot were the main input and formed the basis for the project. Through an iterative process of testing a variety of existing applications, small experiments and prototypes, a couple of interactive playgrounds have been developed for my parrot.
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Saunders, Debra L. "Ecology and conservation of the swift parrot : an endangered austral migrant /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital program, 2008. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20081010.161656/index.html.
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Lee, Alan Tristram. "Parrot Claylicks : Distribution, patterns of use and ecological correlates from a parrot assemblage in Southeastern Peru." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523015.
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Le, Breton Corinne. "Louis Parrot : sa vie son oeuvre." Bordeaux 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR30012.
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Apres avoir retrace en un premier volume le deroulement de la vie et le cheminement de l'oeuvre tant romanesque, poetique, theatrale que critique et journalistique de louis parrot (1906-1948) en utilisant livres, articles et documentation inedite, il a ete etabli outre une chronologie recapitulative de sa vie, sa bibliographie. Le second volume s'attache a reproduire la correspondance inedite tant familiale que professionnelle de l'auteurAfter having related, in the first volume, the course of louis barrot's life (1906-1948) and the progression of his novelstic, poetic, theatrical as well as critical and journalistic works by using books, articles and original documents, the autor drew up a chronological summary of his life and also his bibliography. The second volume is devoted to the reproduction of louis parrot's original correspondence concerning both his family and his professional life
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Di, Monte Giovanna. "Animan Space Design : a Parrot Animan Precinct." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25342.
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This project stems out of the need to improve the quality of life for both animals and humans, and facilitate the interaction between both environments into one habitat. The design will serve as a framework for the co-habitation and interaction of humans and animals in one habitat. At the core of this dissertation lies the concept of an animan habitat. This term embodies the concept of an intergrated habitat for all species. In arriving at the final design, a sequential thought process was applied. The logic behind this process will now be outlined (each corresponding section will be addressed in this document). Exploring the diversity of Architectural habitats and products has made it evident that involving Architects and Interior Architects into projects concerning animal space design can benefit wild animals and humans alike. Research into South African recreational nature spaces show the importance of the conservation of these existing spaces to different parties on local, national and international levels. The investigation of the importance of experiential nature spaces in Tshwane and the Tshwane CBDs (section 2.2.2) shows the importance and location of an establishment (the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa) with great human experiential, and animal conservation opportunities. The study of the contributions of global zoos to the world (section 2.3) confirms that any designs need to consider the principles and ethics followed by these zoos-conservation, recreation, education, experience, research, and community values. Behavioural enrichment (section 2.4) as a conservation contribution of zoos is an aspect that can be reinterpreted and incorporated into animal enclosures to enrich their environments, and further educate visitors. Studies about zoo evolutions (section 2.5) through the ages show how thoughts about captive environments are evolving. The subsequent study of exhibit design (section 2.6) makes clear the importance of considering the needs of the environment, animals, zoo occupants and visitors alike. Furthermore, research into design styles and illusions (section2.6) prove that designs (using whichever approach) should consider the wellbeing of animals before educating or entertaining humans. Design illusions could instead be used to change mans’ negative perceptions about zoos and other conserving environments. A study into design elements and principles (as studied by Ching and Miller) are currently used at the Zoo (section 2.7) to claim human and animal spaces. A variety of precedent investigations (section 3) make it clear that other institutions, zoos, reserves, bird parks, discovery centres, playgrounds, and an amphitheater, individuals (the work of Frei Otto) or companies (lightweight structure experts) offer products and techniques that could well suit animan space design. The result of the above is the cohabitation and respect for humans, animal and the environment in a bidirectional habitat. This forms the core of the animan concept and approach for the design of the Parrot Animan Precinct at the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa (Zoo). This development is a turnkey solution comprising of Site Selection and Study (section 4); Design Discourse (section 5); Technical Investigation (section 6) and Design Drawings (section 7).Dissertation (MInt(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Architecture
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Cooney, Stuart John Norman, and stuart cooney@anu edu au. "Ecological Associations of the Hooded Parrot (Psephotus dissimilis)." The Australian National University. School of Botany and Zoology, 2009. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20090609.120032.
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Interactions between nesting birds and invertebrates are a common, yet poorly understood ecological phenomenon. Many of these types of interactions are close and prolonged, and therefore potentially critical to one or both of the species involved in the interaction. However it is unusual for the nature of the interaction to be evaluated in a manner that reveals the impact of the relationship on both parties to the interaction. This study examines two relationships between nesting birds and invertebrates, both of which involve the hooded parrot (Psephotus dissimilis), a small grass parrot that inhabits the tropical savannas of northern Australia.
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The field-work for this project was conducted over two parrot breeding seasons in 2006 and 2007 near Katherine, Northern Territory, in the Australian dry tropics. In chapter II, I present data on the breeding biology of the hooded parrot as background for the study that follows. Nest building commenced in January, with peak activity in February and the last chicks fledged in April. Fifty three active nests were located. The mean number of eggs laid per nest was 4.5 (s.d. ± 0.9), of which 3.0 (± 1.79) hatched and 2.0 (± 2.0) fledged. Clutches were laid asynchronously over a period of a week and chicks remained in eggs for 18.6 (± 1.95 days). Chicks were 29.2 (± 2.9) days old when they fledged from the nest. These data are typical for Australian parrots.
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In chapter III, the unusual nature of the parrots nest site is examined. Many species of bird nest in natural cavities or those they excavate. Whilst cavity nesters as a whole experience increased nesting success, the greatest success is experienced by species that can excavate their own nests. Certain arboreal cavity nesters, such as woodpeckers, require extensive morphological adaptation for this behaviour, but this has not occurred in Australia, despite competition among birds and a suite of arboreal mammals for naturally occurring cavities. Some species, however, have adapted their behaviour to make use of substrates that are not as hard as wood. Hooded parrots excavate nests in terrestrial termitaria, releasing them from competition for limited arboreal cavities. However, I show that only termitaria with a high level of termite activity, and which are more than two metres tall, are suitable, and that the parrots exhibit a strong preference for the cathedral mounds of Nasutitermes triodiae. Nests placed in highly active mounds had a significantly higher success rate than those in mounds where activity was somewhat lower, suggesting that the behaviour is adaptive.
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The thesis then shifts focus from the parrot to its nest symbiont, first describing the species involved in the interaction in chapter IV, and then its behaviour in the nests of hooded parrots in chapter V. Trisyntopa neossophila sp. n. (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) was reared from the nest of the hooded parrot and described using morphological characters. Aspects of its biology are reported and similarities to the biology of Trisyntopa scatophaga found in the nests of the golden-shouldered parrot (Psephotus chrysopterygius) are discussed. The possibility that a moth was associated with the extinct paradise parrot (Psephotus pulcherrimus) is considered in the light of the phylogenetic relationships between the parrots.
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Trisyntopa neossophila is an unusual moth whose breeding cycle is shown to be closely synchronised with the hooded parrot. T. neossophila is one of three coprophagous, nest dwelling moths in the genus Trisyntopa. True coprophagy is rare in the Lepidoptera, although some species occasionally consume faeces to gain rare nutrients. T. neossophila lays its eggs in the nest of hooded parrots so that larvae hatch in synchrony with the hatching of the parrots eggs. The larvae spend their larval period in the nest and exclusively consume the excrement of the nestling parrots. When the parrot chicks fledge, the larvae move to the walls of the nest cavity to pupate, emerging the following wet season to repeat the process during the next parrot breeding season.
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With a description of the ecology of both species involved in the nesting symbiosis, chapter VI reviews the literature surrounding other interactions between nesting birds and invertebrates. A large number of birds are shown to nest in, or in close proximity to, structures made by invertebrates and avian nesting material provides a reliable shelter for many invertebrate species. However, the nature of such relationships has rarely been experimentally demonstrated. I propose that in order to understand the nature of these relationships they need to be explored within the theoretical framework of community ecology. Putative commensal and parasitic relationships have all been documented in the bird/invertebrate nesting literature, yet researchers, with few exceptions, repeatedly overlook the impact that these relationships are having on the invertebrate, at best assuming the nature of its impact, but more often ignoring its impact entirely. Here I present a framework for formulating hypotheses to ensure that the nature of the relationship can be identified. Only by explicitly stating the level of organisation at which the experiment is to occur (individual or population), identifying the net cost or benefit of the interaction, the range of conditions under which such costs or benefits would apply and the spatial and temporal context in which they apply, can an investigator expect to recognise and describe the often complex nature of these relationships.
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While parasitic and commensal relationships between nesting birds and invertebrates are commonly reported, mutualisms between birds and invertebrates have not been reported. Despite this, candidates for this type of relationship exist. Chapter VII uses the framework outlined in the literature review (chapter VI) to experimentally examine the relationship between the hooded parrot and Trisyntopa neossophila. By manipulating the populations of moth larvae in a sample of hooded parrot nests, we sought to establish the impact of the relationship on each species. The moth depends on the parrot for provision of shelter and a reliable food source. The parrot however, was neither benefited nor harmed by the interaction in terms of short term reproductive output or chick growth, although differences between the experimental and control nests were noted. The relationship between the hooded parrot and T. neossophila, at least during the study period, is therefore concluded to be commensal.
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Collectively, the chapters of this thesis explore the complicated interactions between species. The dependence of the moth on the parrot and the parrot on the termite, demonstrate the importance of understanding interactions between species in a manner that reveals the impacts of the interactions, the range of conditions under which they would apply and the level of organisation at which they apply, as outlined in chapter VI. The dependence of the animals in this study on each other makes them more vulnerable to extinction than previously thought. Whilst this may not be immediately significant for the hooded parrot/T. neossophila system, which is thought to be secure, the ecologically similar system on the Cape York Peninsula, involving the golden-shouldered parrot and its nest attendant moth Trysintopa scatophaga, is vulnerable to extinction and subject to intensive management to ensure its persistence. This study brings new information to the management of the golden-shouldered parrots and urgently recommends increased protection for Trysintopa scatophaga.
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Martin, Rowan O. "Long-term monogamy in a long-lived parrot : mating system and life-history evolution in the yellow-shouldered amazon parrot Amazona barbadensis." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521839.
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Davis, Adrian. "Habitat and resource utilisation by an urban parrot community." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10187.
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Urbanisation typically results in homogenisation of the constituent avifauna, as generalists that are able to adapt to and persist within the urban landscape replace specialist species whose specific habitat needs are removed. Recently, within some major urban centres, parrots have become a conspicuous component of the avifauna, present in higher abundance in the urban landscape than in the natural environment. This thesis examines the composition and distribution of the parrot community within a large urban centre and evaluates the relative importance of key abiotic and biotic factors that may explain the increase in abundance of urban parrots. I demonstrated that parrot species were present in higher abundance within the urban landscape, compared to natural habitat and that, historically, both drought and wild fire resulted in an influx of some parrot species into the urban landscape. I demonstrated that the standing crop of nectar was consistently higher within streetscapes compared to the non-urban habitat and is capable of sustaining large populations of large-bodied nectarivores. I also demonstrated that trees within the urban landscape produce more flowers and flower for longer than the same species of tree outside the urban landscape. I showed that there were significantly more visitations to hollows by parrots within the urban landscape, compared to forest, as well as significantly more aggressive interactions. My results demonstrate that the urban landscape is capable of sustaining a diverse community of native parrots, particularly nectarivores such as the rainbow lorikeet. The urban landscape provides food resources in excess of that found in natural habitat, however nesting resources are fewer compared to natural habitat. My research suggest that there may be a shortage of tree hollows and I discuss how, if the density of parrots continues to increase, there may be a simplification in the current avifauna due to a shortage of breeding resources.
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Saunders, Debra, and debbie saunders@anu edu au. "Ecology and conservation of the swift parrot - an endangered austral migrant." The Australian National University. College of Science, 2008. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20081010.161656.
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The swift parrot (Lathamus discolor, Psittacidae) is an endangered, austral migrant that inhabits forests and woodlands of south-eastern Australia. With a small population size (2500 birds), broad winter distribution (1 250 000 km2) and often cryptic nature, the swift parrot is a challenging species to study. In autumn they migrate north from their Tasmanian breeding grounds in search of suitable food resources throughout their winter range on mainland Australia. They are therefore dependent on a combination of suitable wintering, migration and breeding habitats. Although they spend a large proportion of their lives within winter habitats, the spatial and temporal dynamics of habitat use in this part of their range is poorly understood. This thesis aims to provide a greater understanding of large-scale winter habitat use by swift parrots, in both historic and current contexts, and provide a basis for future conservation management.
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Swift parrots, or red-shouldered paroquets as they were previously known, were among the first Australian birds to be scientifically described and illustrated following European settlement in 1788. However, within 60 years of settlement, habitats throughout the range of the species were being impacted upon. An important aspect of this habitat loss is the speed and spatial extent with which it occurred throughout the parrots broad distribution. Although the most extensive habitat loss in some areas occurred during colonial times, habitats continue to be lost as a result of various land management practices. Such impacts are also likely to be exacerbated by the ongoing cumulative impact with rapid climate change. As a result the swift parrot is an endangered species and is the subject of an ongoing national recovery program, to which this thesis contributes.
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Conserving habitat for the swift parrot, and other wide-ranging fauna species, is challenging since impacts in one area tend to be dismissed based on the assumption that there is sufficient habitat in other areas. These conservation challenges are discussed in regard to the national swift parrot recovery program. Although recovery program implementation for this species has been successful in identifying and protecting some important habitats, there are still many gaps in our knowledge that need to be addressed through a continuing and adaptive recovery effort, including an understanding of variable habitat use throughout their winter range.
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A study of swift parrot winter habitat use was therefore conducted at 53 sites across New South Wales over five years (2001-2005). Swift parrots used a diversity of winter foraging habitats in coastal and/or western slopes regions of New South Wales each year, including several habitats that occur in endangered ecological communities. Landscapes containing winter foraging habitat included scattered trees, remnant vegetation and continuous forests, and swift parrots foraged extensively on lerp and nectar from a diversity of tree species within these. The occurrence of swift parrots at foraging sites was primarily associated with the abundance of lerp, nectar and non-aggressive competitors. Although swift parrot abundance fluctuated significantly between years and regions, over half of all foraging sites were used repeatedly, highlighting their likely importance for conservation.
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Patterns of habitat use throughout the species winter range were also studied across five states/territories using volunteer data from 4140 surveys. These surveys were conducted by up to 300 volunteers twice a year, for seven years (1998-2004) with swift parrots detected in 19% of surveys. As a result, this study provided the first demonstration of large-scale drought related movements by a migratory population throughout their winter range. It also demonstrated the dynamic spatial and temporal patterns of winter habitat use, including repeated use of sites, by an austral migrant. Four regions in central Victoria were used most consistently, although the birds also visited other regions each year.
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During drought swift parrot abundance was significantly correlated with rainfall, whereby most of the population either concentrated in a few regions or migrated longer distances (up to 1000km) to drought refuges in wetter coastal areas. However, swift parrot abundance was not associated with specific climate variables during years of average to high rainfall throughout most of their range. Instead they appeared to prefer habitats within particular regions. Importantly this study emphasises that conservation measures need to be implemented throughout the distribution of migratory species, including drought refuge habitats and areas outside conservation reserves.
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Hemmel, Radek. "Výpočet zatížení a pevnostní kontrola křídla a ocasních ploch letounu Parrot." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228128.
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Wüst, Elisa Maria [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zur vertikalen Übertragung des Parrot Bornavirus bei Psittaziden / Elisa Maria Wüst." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/113656988X/34.
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Ekstrom, Jonathan Michael Maynard. "The breeding biology and behaviour of the greater vasa parrot Coracopsis vasa." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275045.
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Wüst, Elisa [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zur vertikalen Übertragung des Parrot Bornavirus bei Psittaziden / Elisa Maria Wüst." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hebis:26-opus-129382.
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Morrison, Caitlin Eleanor. "Evaluating genetic diversity in the critically endangered orange-bellied parrot: informing species management." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22338.
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The orange-bellied parrot (Neophema chrysogaster) is a critically endangered small Australian parrot. It was the first species in Australia to have a single species Recovery Plan developed, and efforts to conserve the species have been active for over 35 years. Despite this, the wild population has declined to fewer than 20 individuals. Approximately 450 birds are maintained in a captive insurance population. This thesis investigated genetic diversity across both wild and captive populations of the OBP between 2010 and 2018. Relatively low genome-wide diversity was found across the species, as measured with 7768 SNP markers. Low functional diversity was also found at immune genes the Toll-like receptors, consistent with other studies of critically endangered birds. Although genetic diversity in the wild population decreased following removal of 21 fledglings in 2010/11 to supplement the captive population, annual releases of captive birds since 2013, and their successful breeding post-release, have improved wild diversity levels. Wild and captive populations were not found to be genetically distinct. Inbreeding depression was investigated by modelling correlations between genetic diversity and 1) differential responses to infectious disease agents, and 2) reproductive success. No evidence of inbreeding depression was found, but a relationship between younger age and greater reproductive success was identified. Finally, a preliminary phylogeny of the genus Neophema was produced using two mitochondrial markers, and was found to support some of the current structure within the genus, but was ultimately inconclusive as to placement of the OBP. This work has explored genetic diversity in the OBP to a greater extent than ever previously. It has helped inform management of the species and will act as a foundation for future studies.
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Renton, Katherine. "Reproductive ecology and conservation of the Lilac-crowned parrot (Amazona finschi) in Jalisco, Mexico." Thesis, University of Kent, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267369.
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PESARO, STEFANO. "Pathogenetical mechanism and development of a new diagnostic kit for the parrot proventricular dilatation disease." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Camerino, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11581/401857.
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PDD is a progressive disease often fatal, that occurs in several parrot species but a common susceptibility of all parrots is suspected. It also may occur in non psittacine bird like, gooses, hawks, doves tucans and flamingos. The ill birds develop gastrointestinal or central nervous system signs. These presentation can be occur like a combination of both or alone. The clinical signs are caused by histological nervous lesions, characterized by a non suppurative encephalomyelitis and/or perineural lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates around peripheral nerves. The intramural neural plexa of digestive tract were constanctly involved. The diagnosis is characterized by inconsistent clinical laboratory findings. A presumptive diagnosis of PDD is often based on anamnestic information, contrast radiographs, fluoroscopy in PDD suspect birds. Until now the only specific and reliable method used for the diagnosis is the crop biopsy. The presence of characteristic histological perineural infiltrates are strongly suggestive of the disease and necessary for a definitive diagnosis. Until now the etiology and the pathogenesis are unclear, even if, many Authors suppose the potential role of unclear virus as the causative agent of PDD. The different aspects of this disease show a lot of analogies with the human Guillain Barre' syndrome, so we have focalised the our study to clarify the pathogenesis. To do this, we investigated if the PDD can be an autoimmune disease and if a possible presence of the blood antiganglioside antibodies can be the starter of this autoimmune pathological mechanism, like was observed in more than 50% of the GBS's cases.
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Shipham, Ashlee. "Using Genomic and Plumage Data to Understand Contemporary and Historical Relationships among Australian Rosellas (Genus: Platycercus)." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367368.
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It is now widely understood that species boundaries are often semipermeable, and that hybridisation and introgression occur frequently in nature and have the potential to dramatically alter the evolutionary trajectory of the taxa involved. Hybrid zones, regions where genetically distinct populations overlap and produce hybrid offspring, provide a valuable opportunity to gain insight into the speciation process. They can arise without a period of isolation when distributions span environmental gradients or ecotones
(primary hybrid zone), or as a result of secondary contact following allopatric divergence (secondary hybrid zone), and their structure and ultimate evolutionary outcome can vary greatly depending on the strength of pre- and post-mating barriers to gene flow, as well as the impact of other evolutionary forces (e.g. selection). The dawn of the age of genomics offers great possibility for the analysis of potentially hybridising taxa.
In this thesis, I employ a genomic approach alongside more traditional molecular and non-molecular techniques to examine the presence and influence of hybridisation on two native Australian parrot species, the pale-headed (Platycercus adscitus) and eastern rosellas (P. eximius). Together, these species, which are each composed of readily identifiable subspecies, span the eastern seaboard of Australia, with species and subspecies reportedly hybridising where their ranges overlap.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Dennison, D. T. "A nutritional and financial evaluation of breeding African Grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2768.
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Thesis (MPhil (Animal Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.African Grey Parrots are now being bred on a commercial scale in South Africa, mainly for the export market. In order to produce the best breeding results it is necessary to formulate balanced diets but no research has been done on the feeding value for African Grey parrots of ingredients used in formulating diets. Once the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) of extruded maize for African Greys has been established it will be possible to calculate the AME of other ingredients such as full fat soya, soya oil cake or sunflower oil cake. By feeding an extruded mix containing a known amount of maize mixed with a known amount of soya oil cake and establishing experimentally the AME of the mix, the AME of soya oil cake for African Greys can be calculated by difference. This information will make it possible to decide whether AME results obtained for poultry can be used in formulating diets for African Grey parrots. The study consisted of two parts where the determination of the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) of extruded maize and the practical application thereof in formulating parrot diets, and the economic viability of a commercial African Grey parrot breeding operation was investigated. A reference procedure adopted by several European laboratories for the in vivo determination of metabolisable energy (ME) was used to determine the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) of extruded whole maize for African Grey parrots. The long term goal is to make a well balanced, extruded diet for these birds. Extruded maize is the form in which maize is generally included in commercial parrot diets and was therefore chosen as the experimental feed. Maize can be conveniently extruded with other single ingredients such as full fat soyabean meal, soyabean oil cake meal or sunflower oil cake meal to determine, by difference, the AME of those ingredients. For the first part of the study, ten, 3-year-old African Grey parrots were individually housed and fed in cages designed to facilitate collection of the faeces. Cage design varied between a tall type (n=6) and a low type (n=4). The parrots were acclimatized to their new environment before the trial commenced to ensure normal feeding behaviour. The average AME value established for the ten African Grey Parrots was 16.8 MJ/kg. In the trial it became apparent that it is very difficult to get consistent results with the cages used and a modified cage design is proposed for the future. The second part of the study investigated the economic viability of breeding African Grey parrots commercially, with extruded maize as part of their diet. It was generally concluded that the breeding of African Grey parrots for the pet market can be considered as an economical venture.
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Roberts, Briony Z. Jr. "Dialects, Sex-specificity, and Individual Recognition in the Vocal Repertoire of the Puerto Rican Parrot (Amazona vittata)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79692.
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The following study is part of a larger study examining techniques that might be of use in the release program of the Puerto Rican Parrot (Amazona vittata), including marking, capturing, and radio-tracking.
The portion of the study reported here documents the vocal behavior of A. vittata during the reproductive season and examines the possibility of using vocalizations to identify individuals, determine the sex of individuals and determine the location of an individual's breeding territory.
Objectives of this study included: 1) cataloguing and categorizing the vocal repertoire of A. vittata, 2) determining whether the vocal repertoire was sex-specific and region-specific and 3) determining if an individual's vocal repertoire could be used to identify it. The vocal repertoire was characterized using a hierarchical method and 147 calls were described. The repertoire was found contain a high percentage (76 %) of graded calls. Evolutionary strategies that may explain the complexity of such a repertoire are discussed. The vocal repertoire was found to be both sex- and region-specific. Characteristics analyzed included time and frequency parameters of sonagrams. Three methods were used to determine the feasibility of vocal recognition of individuals. These methods included: bird-call pairing, sonagraphic analysis, and linear predictive coding. Sonagraphic analyses in combination with linear predictive coding techniques show the most promise as tools in voice recognition of the parrot, however, further research will be necessary to determine how reliable voice recognition may be as a method for identifying individuals in the field.Master of Science
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Zilber-Izhar, Katia. "Acoustic Characteristics of Phonological Development in a Juvenile African Grey Parrot (Psittacus Erithacus) Who Is Learning Referential Speech." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:24078346.
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Although young children can sometimes produce words in a near perfect form at a very early stage, several diary studies revealed that these correct first productions are usually followed by less faithful renditions, only to be returned later to relative accuracy. In order to investigate if this nonlinear pattern of children vocal production called “phonological regression” might also be shared with birds, we examined here the trajectory of vocal development of a young African Grey parrot (Athena) who is learning referential English. Parrots are excellent model systems for the study of speech acquisition as they possess advanced cognitive skills and are expert imitators of the human voice. By tracking Athena’s acquisition of vowel-like sounds over the course of fifteen months using audio recordings and acoustic software programs, we analyzed her vocal development over time, from her first squeaks to her more distinct pronunciations, and compared her progress with human children and other parrots in the lab. Not one, but multiple U-shaped curves characterized her acquisition of isolated labels. Our results indicate that, like human children, parrots can experience the phenomenon of phonological regression.
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Azevedo, Natalia Philadelpho. "Detecção de Bornavírus, Poliomavírus e Circovírus em amostras biológicas, utilizando PCR e RT-PCR, de psitacídeos com diferentes aspectos clínicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-07102014-152516/.
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Os vírus são patógenos importantes na saúde das aves, podendo levar a surtos que ameaçam de forma significante a população destas. O Bornavírus aviário (ABV), o Circovírus (BFDV) e o Poliomavírus (APV) são os agentes virais mais comuns e que mais ameaçam os psitacídeos de cativeiro. O ABV é responsável pela doença da dilatação proventricular (PDD) em psitacídeos e outras aves, uma doença neurológica letal, que foi descoberta no início da década de oitenta na Europa e América do Norte. A primeira infecção por APV descrita em aves foi em periquitos australianos (Melopsittacus undulatus) jovens, sendo depois associada com elevada mortalidade e morbidade em outros psitacídeos. O BFDV é o agente causador da doença do bico e das penas de psitacídeos, que ocorre quase exclusivamente em psitacídeos, principalmente em criatórios, aves em quarentena e lojas de animais. Foram testadas 120 amostras de psitacídeos de cativeiro no Brasil, para BFDV e APV e 112 amostras para ABV, resultando em 21 (17,5%) aves positivas para APV, 41 (34,17%) para BFDV e 32 (28,57 %) para ABV. Entre os animais positivos, quatorze apresentaram infecção concomitante, sete foram positivos para BFDV e ABV, seis positivos para BFDV e APV e uma positiva para BFDV, APV e ABV. Dentre os animais positivos para BFDV, os sinais clínicos mais comuns encontrados foram apteria e apatia/anorexia, em relação às aves positivas para APV foram a apatia/anorexia, enquanto para ABV os sinais neurológicos foram os mais representados. A detecção de APV, BFDV e ABV demostra a ocorrência destes vírus testados em psitacídeos de cativeiro no Brasil, tanto em espécies exóticas como em espécies nativas.Viruses are important pathogens in avian health and may lead to outbreaks that threaten significantly the population of birds. The Avian Bornavírus (ABV), Circovirus (BFDV) and Avian Polyomavirus (APV) are the most common viral agents that threaten parrots in captivity. The ABV is responsible for the proventricular dilation (PDD) in parrots and other birds, a lethal neurological disease, which was discovered in the early eighties in Europe and North America the disease. The first APV infection in birds has been described in young Australian budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), after being associated with high mortality and morbidity in other parrots. The BFDV is the causative agent of Beak and Feathers Disease, which occurs almost exclusively in psittacines, especially in aviary, quarantine birds and pet stores. A total of 120 captivity parrots were tested in Brazil for BFDV and APV and 112 samples for ABV, resulting in 21 (17.5%) positives for APV, 41 (34.17%) for BFDV and 32 (28.57%) for ABV. Among the positive animals, fourteen had concomitant infection, six were positive for both APV and BFDV, seven for BFDV and ABV, and one sample was positive for BFDV, APV and ABV. Among BFDV positive animals, most common clinical signs were apteria and apathy/anorexia, for APV positive birds were apathy/anorexia, while for ABV were neurological signs were the most represented. The detection of APV, BFDV and ABV demostrate the occurrence of all tested viruses in captive parrots in Brazil, including exotic and native species.
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Muiznieks, Britta Dace. "Population viability analysis of Puerto Rican parrots an assessment of its current status and prognosis for recovery /." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06192003-121313/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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Annorbah, Nathaniel N. D. "Assessing distribution, abundance and impacts of trade and habitat change in western populations of African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus)." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2016. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/617150/.
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In Ghana, many large avian frugivores face very serious threats, including habitat loss, hunting, and capture for the pet trade. However, basic ecological information is lacking for most species including the heavily-traded Grey Parrot Psittacus erithacus. The aim of my PhD was therefore to investigate the current distribution, abundance and ecology of Grey Parrot and other large frugivores to help inform their future conservation. I conducted surveys for twenty species of pigeons, parrots, turacos and hornbills in forty-two 10 km × 10 km survey squares in southwest Ghana. Only two species, West African Pied Hornbill Lophoceros semifasciatus and African Green Pigeon Treron calvus, were recorded in most survey squares. The most restricted and rare species included large-bodied species such as Great Blue Turaco Corythaeola cristata, Yellow-casqued Hornbill Ceratogymna elata and Black-casqued Hornbill C. atrata. Canonical Correspondence Analysis showed that large hornbills were especially restricted to large forest reserves with low anthropogenic disturbance. I then used Maxent to predict more precisely the distribution of the frugivores across Ghana, and identify their responses to predictors such as land cover types, enhanced vegetation index (EVI), human population density, and climate data. Frugivores showed varying associations with Ghana’s large forest reserves, with Afep Pigeon Columba unicincta, Great Blue Turaco, and Black Dwarf Hornbill Tockus hartlaubi among the most restricted. Most species had highest occurrence probabilities in the southwest of the country. The main driver of distributions was land cover type, with forest habitats preferred in 90% of species. Differences in human population density and EVI were seldom important. The large southwestern forest reserves are key sites for Ghana’s frugivores, and it is crucial that they are adequately protected and managed. Grey Parrot is believed to have undergone rapid population decline, yet there are almost no quantitative data properly supporting this from anywhere within its huge range. I reviewed its historical abundance across Ghana, undertook targeted searches across the country’s forest zone, repeated counts at 22 parrot roosts first performed two decades ago and gauged around 900 people’s perceptions of the decline and its causes. In over 150 days of fieldwork, just 32 groups were recorded. Encounter rates were 15 times lower than those from the early 1990s. No active roosts, i.e. roosts in current use, were found, and just a handful of birds seen near three roosts that each harboured 700–1200 birds two decades ago. Interviewees stressed the importance of very tall trees of commercially important timber species for nesting and roosting. Ghana has lost 90–99% of its Grey Parrots since 1992, and there is no evidence that, away from one or two localities, declines are less severe anywhere else in West Africa. Despite declines, Grey Parrots paradoxically remain reasonably widely distributed. I developed multiple historical and current Maxent models for the species based on various presence data sources: field surveys from the early 1990s and 2012–14, records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, and interview data. Models of historical distribution showed high suitability over much of the study area. Current distributions were predicted to be much more patchy, with large areas unsuitable, but with high suitability in the extreme south/southwest. Historically, Grey Parrot distribution was correlated most strongly with high rainfall, while current distribution is more closely linked with land use. Levels of exploitation of Grey Parrots have been unsustainable and regulation of the trade through quota schemes and enforcement of trade embargoes needs to be strengthened. Ghana should also reintroduce shade cocoa agriculture to improve habitat quality for the Grey Parrot and other frugivores.
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Klövekorn, Henning Andreas. "Endangered bird species in South Australia : are current recovery practices for the Orange-bellied parrot and Kangaroo Island glossy black cockatoo succeeding? /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envk66.pdf.
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Williams, Samuel R. "Factors affecting the life history, abundance and distribution of the yellow-shouldered Amazon parrot (Amazona barbadensis) on Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522507.
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Spoon, Tracey Rene. "Reproductive success, parenting, and fidelity in a socially monogamous parrot (cockatiels, Nymphicus hollandicus) : the influence of social relationships between mates /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Arnošt, Petr. "Návrh řídicího modulu UAV robotu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230255.
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This diploma thesis is focused on the design of the control software for the unmanned aerial vehicle. Parrot Ar.Drone quadrocopter was a representative of the unmanned aerial vehicle. This thesis describes the way of control and communication with the unmanned aerial vehicle. Based of this information the flight control software for Ar.Drone quadrocopter is created.
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Högemann, Charlotte [Verfasser], and Monika [Akademischer Betreuer] Rinder. "Hämatologische, blutchemische und proteinelektrophoretische Veränderungen bei Kongo-Graupapageien (Psittacus erithacus) nach experimenteller Infektion mit Parrot Bornavirus 4 / Charlotte Högemann ; Betreuer: Monika Rinder." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162443731/34.
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Veladiano, Irene Alessandra. "Tomographic imaging in companion avian species." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421965.
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Background In the last decades an increasing number of publications, proposing both clinical trials and diagnostic tests, have become available on avian medicine. Despite all the new technical advances the diagnosis and treatment of avian patients is still challenging for the veterinary clinician because birds often display only vague and non-specific symptoms of disease and the investigation of the underlying causes is often very frustrating. In such a scenario diagnostic imaging plays a fundamental role in the clinical evaluation of avian patients. Results The result of this PhD research is an atlas of the tomographic anatomy of three avian species. Most of the clinically relevant structures of the head were visible in both the cross-sections and corresponding CT images. The thin trabeculae characterizing the avian skull were optimally visible on CT images when a standard soft tissue filter and pulmonary window was used. The same CT settings allowed clear visualization of the nostrils, operculum, infraorbital sinus, and cervicocephalic air sacs. The nasal septum, conchae, scleral ossicles, interorbital septum, auditory meatus, and hyoid skeleton were clearly identifiable when a high-resolution filter and bone window were used. Reconstruction of CT images in a dorsal plane enabled a more comprehensive visual examination of some complex structures of the head, such as the diverticula of the infraorbital sinus and the periorbital muscles and glands.
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Structures of the inner ear were not visible in the anatomic cross-sections nor in the CT scans of any of the examined parrot species. A standard soft tissue filter with a soft tissue window allowed a good visibility of the eyes and related structures in all examined species. The cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata were distinguishable only on anatomic cross-sections, and all had the same soft tissue attenuation. All the main organs of the respiratory, digestive, urinary (including the ureters) and reproductive systems were visible both in the anatomical sections and in the corresponding CT images. Conclusions CT is a fast, safe and reliable diagnostic test for avian patients. The possibility to scan the entire body, avoiding the superimposition of the radiography is a great improvement in the diagnostic process. Furthermore, the use of contrast medium allowed optimal visibility of the soft tissues. Those findings suggested that the complex nature of the avian anatomy make CT the diagnostic imaging technique of choice for the evaluation of both the coelomic cavity and the head of avian patients. The matched anatomical cross-sections and CT images presented in this study are a useful reference for the interpretation of CT examination of the blue-and-gold macaw, African grey parrot and monk parakeet. This atlas can be used also for the interpretation of CT images obtained in other psittacine species but the clinicians should be aware of the anatomical differences occurring between the species investigated in these studies and the species object of the investigation. For this reason, further studies, including a larger number of both
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psittacine and non-psittacine species are desirable for a more comprehensive description of the CT anatomy of avian patients.Background In the last decades an increasing number of publications, proposing both clinical trials and diagnostic tests, have become available on avian medicine. Despite all the new technical advances the diagnosis and treatment of avian patients is still challenging for the veterinary clinician because birds often display only vague and non-specific symptoms of disease and the investigation of the underlying causes is often very frustrating. In such a scenario diagnostic imaging plays a fundamental role in the clinical evaluation of avian patients. Results The result of this PhD research is an atlas of the tomographic anatomy of three avian species. Most of the clinically relevant structures of the head were visible in both the cross-sections and corresponding CT images. The thin trabeculae characterizing the avian skull were optimally visible on CT images when a standard soft tissue filter and pulmonary window was used. The same CT settings allowed clear visualization of the nostrils, operculum, infraorbital sinus, and cervicocephalic air sacs. The nasal septum, conchae, scleral ossicles, interorbital septum, auditory meatus, and hyoid skeleton were clearly identifiable when a high-resolution filter and bone window were used. Reconstruction of CT images in a dorsal plane enabled a more comprehensive visual examination of some complex structures of the head, such as the diverticula of the infraorbital sinus and the periorbital muscles and glands. 6 Structures of the inner ear were not visible in the anatomic cross-sections nor in the CT scans of any of the examined parrot species. A standard soft tissue filter with a soft tissue window allowed a good visibility of the eyes and related structures in all examined species. The cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata were distinguishable only on anatomic cross-sections, and all had the same soft tissue attenuation. All the main organs of the respiratory, digestive, urinary (including the ureters) and reproductive systems were visible both in the anatomical sections and in the corresponding CT images. Conclusions CT is a fast, safe and reliable diagnostic test for avian patients. The possibility to scan the entire body, avoiding the superimposition of the radiography is a great improvement in the diagnostic process. Furthermore, the use of contrast medium allowed optimal visibility of the soft tissues. Those findings suggested that the complex nature of the avian anatomy make CT the diagnostic imaging technique of choice for the evaluation of both the coelomic cavity and the head of avian patients. The matched anatomical cross-sections and CT images presented in this study are a useful reference for the interpretation of CT examination of the blue-and-gold macaw, African grey parrot and monk parakeet. This atlas can be used also for the interpretation of CT images obtained in other psittacine species but the clinicians should be aware of the anatomical differences occurring between the species investigated in these studies and the species object of the investigation. For this reason, further studies, including a larger number of both 7 psittacine and non-psittacine species are desirable for a more comprehensive description of the CT anatomy of avian patients.
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Pavan, Giulia <1989>. "A New Self, History, and Truth: the postmodern quest in Julian Barnes’s "Flaubert's Parrot", "A History of the World in 10 1/2 Chapters", and "Arthur & George"." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3637.
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Partendo da un'analisi del postmodernismo, inteso come fenomeno culturale, e della postmodernità, come periodo storico, intendo contestualizzare l'analisi di tre opere di Julian Barnes:"Flaubert's Parrot", "A History of the World in 10 1/2 Chapters", e "Arthur & George". Partendo da una prospettiva principalmente filosofica, il postmodernismo sembra aver avuto importanti ripercussioni nella concezione e nella possibilità di conoscenza dell'individuo, del passato, e della verità stessa. La teoria della prima parte viene messa in pratica nelle opere analizzate nella seconda parte. "Flaubert's Parrot",infatti, può essere concepito come una parodia della tradizionale biografia, in quanto i dubbi e le incertezze epistemologiche tipiche del postmodernismo vengono attualizzate nella riscrittura della vita di Flaubert. "A History of the World in 10 1/2 Chapters", invece, è una riscrittura parodica della storiografia, ovvero della trasformazione del passato in una narrativa. In "Arthur & George", Julian Barnes rielabora un caso realmente accaduto, in cui Arthur Conan Doyle veste i panni di Sherlock Holmes alla ricerca della verità, che tuttavia risulterà inafferrabile.
La conclusione del mio elaborato e che, nonostante il postmodernismo racchiuda in sé una tendenza verso il nichilismo, questo nuovo movimento culturale risulta in ultima analisi positivo. Riconoscendo l'impossibilità di una conoscenza totale, univoca, e universale, resta una pluralità di verità e di interpretazioni del mondo, tutte locali, temporanee e parziali. I dubbi e le incertezze spingono al riconoscimento dell'esistenza di varie spiegazioni del mondo, e questo riconoscimento è l'indispensabile prerogativa della tolleranza.
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Bonello, Fábio Luís. "Avaliação do manejo e do potencial zoonótico de papagaios-verdadeiros (Amazona aestiva) mantidos em cativeiro domiciliar /." Araçatuba : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94706.
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Orientador: Cáris Maroni NunesBanca: Marcelo Vasconcelos Meireles
Banca: Eliana Reiko Matushima
Resumo: A manutenção de animais silvestres em cativeiro domiciliar como animais de estimação é bastante comum no Brasil e os papagaios tem sido preferidos por serem considerados curiosos, inteligentes e divertidos, além de serem excelentes imitadores e faladores. Entretanto, os papagaios-verdadeiros (Amazona aestiva) podem ser fontes de infecção de algumas zoonoses. Neste trabalho foram estudados 50 papagaios-verdadeiros mantidos em cativeiro domiciliar no município de Araçatuba, São Paulo. As condições sócio-econômicas e os manejos sanitário e nutricional das aves, bem como o contato com os residentes foram avaliados por meio de visitas às casas. Os resultados revelaram manejos sanitário e nutricional inadequados na maioria dos casos, estreito contato com os papagaios e falta de conhecimento sobre enfermidades dos mesmos. Não foi isolada Salmonella sp. nas amostras de fezes, enquanto Escherichia coli estava presente em três animais e estruturas leveduriformes foram encontradas na maioria deles. Cryptosporidium sp. foi encontrado em uma das amostras. Pode-se concluir que o estreito contato dos residentes com as aves e as condições sanitárias inadequadas podem favorecer a ocorrência de zoonoses nas residências avaliadas. A presença de Cryptosporidium sp., caso se trate de uma espécie zoonótica, indica a possibilidade da transmissão de criptosporidiose de papagaios para o homem em condições de cativeiro domiciliar.
Abstract: The maintenance of wild animals in domiciliary captivity as pets has been common in Brazil and parrots are preferred because they are considered curious, intelligents, amusing, excellent talkative and mimics. However, the blue- fronted amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) can be source of some zoonosis infections. In the present study the sanitary and nutritional management of 50 blue-fronted amazon parrots kept in domiciliary captivity in Araçatuba city, SP, as well as the occurrence of zoonosis agents in stools samples, social-economic conditions and residents-birds contact were evaluated. Results showed inadequate sanitary and nutritional management in the majority of the cases, strait contact with the parrots and lack of knowledge about parrots diseases. Salmonella was not found in stool samples while Escherichia coli was present in three samples and levedures-like structures were found in the majority them. Cryptosporidium was found in one sample. We can conclude that the close contact with the birds and the uncorrect management can favour occurrence of zoonosis in evaluated residences. The presence of Cryptosporidium sp. Indicates transmition possibility of cryptosporidiosis, in case of zoonotic specie, from parrots to humans in domiciliary captivity conditions.
Mestre
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Beraldo, Keile Aparecida. "Dimensões do desenvolvimento rural : uma análise dos PROINFs no Território Bico do Papagaio do Tocantins." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/149321.
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Esta tese é resultado de pesquisa que teve o objetivo de compreender o processo de desenvolvimento do Território Bico do Papagaio, no estado do Tocantins (TBP-TO), com base na implantação de projetos PROINFs, vinculados aos Programas PRONAT e PTC, visando explicitar efeitos, avanços e limites das políticas públicas territoriais em regiões com baixos índices de desenvolvimento. Nesta pesquisa utilizou-se de múltiplas estratégias para a coleta e análise de dados, seguindo os princípios e técnicas da triangulação, que constitui uma das formas de combinar métodos qualitativos entre si e de articular métodos quantitativos e qualitativos. Foi realizada, por meio de estudo de caso, em sete projetos implantados no TBP-TO. Uma questão importante, do ponto de vista metodológico, foi a oportunidade de fazer uma imersão no contexto investigado, observando e participando diretamente com os atores envolvidos na implantação e execução dos projetos PROINFs no referido território. Lançou-se mão de informações obtidas por observações, entrevistas, participação em reuniões, seminários, conversa com diferentes atores territoriais, moradores e membros do colegiado, gestores e beneficiários destes projetos. Os resultados levaram a uma compreensão das diferentes dimensões do desenvolvimento territorial e seus efeitos na vida dos beneficiários e na região. Os indicadores de desenvolvimento territorial, do ponto de vista econômico, foram avaliados entre ruins e críticos, dando a entender que a operacionalização da política territorial no TBP-TO reflete a própria história das relações de poder e dominação já existentes. Por outro lado, do ponto de vista social, foi observado o empoderamento da sociedade civil, especialmente nos casos das duas Escolas Família Agrícola (EFAs). Nesse sentido, esta tese contribuiu, não só para entender as dimensões do desenvolvimento territorial, seus desafios e possibilidades, mas para demonstrar que se não houver maior diálogo entre poder público (nas esferas municipal, estadual e federal), sociedade civil e os beneficiários dos projetos, o desenvolvimento territorial pode ficar comprometido. Diante dos resultados da pesquisa conclui-se que, nesse momento de retrocesso da política de desenvolvimento territorial, é necessário repensá-la, especialmente em relação ao exercício do poder e à autonomia dos Colegiados Territoriais. A organização dos colegiados territoriais e a união de seus membros em torno de objetivos comuns podem ser consideradas o motor propulsor da consolidação das EFAs, possibilitando a educação profissional de seus jovens. Esta organização é o maior indicador de desenvolvimento, na dimensão social, observado na pesquisa.This thesis is the result of research that aims to understand the development process of the Parrot´s Beak Territory in the State of Tocantins (PBT-TO), based on the implantation of PROINFs projects, linked to PRONAT and PTC programs with the goal of clarifying effects, advances and limits of territorial public policies in regions with low levels of development. In this research, it was used multiple strategies for data collection and analysis, following the principles and techniques of triangulation, which is one of the ways to combine qualitative methods among themselves and to articulate quantitative and qualitative methods. The research was done through the case study in seven projects implanted in PBT-TO. An important thing, from the methodological point of view, was the opportunity to do an immersion in the context investigated by observing and participating directly with the actors involved in the implementation and execution of the projects PROINFs, in that territory. It was used the information obtained by observations, interviews, participation in meetings, seminars, talking with different territorial actors, residents and members of the board, managers and beneficiaries of these projects. The results led to an understanding of the different dimensions of territorial development and its effects on the lives of beneficiaries and in the region. The indicators of territorial development, from an economic point of view, were evaluated between bad and critical, implying that the operationalization of territorial policy in the PBT-TO reflect the history of the relationships of power and domination that exists. On the other hand, from the social point of view, it was observed the empowerment of civil society, especially in the cases of the Escolas Família Agrícola (EFAs). In this sense, this thesis has contributed not only to understand the dimensions of territorial development, its challenges and opportunities, but to demonstrate that if there is no greater dialogue between public authorities (in all spheres: Municipal, State and Federal), civil society and the beneficiaries of the projects, the territorial development may be compromised. On the research results it is concluded that, in this moment of backsliding of territorial development policy, it is necessary to rethink it, especially in relation to the exercise of power and the autonomy of Territorial governance bodies. The Organization of territorial governance bodies and the Union of its members around common goals, can be considered the impeller motor on consolidation of EFAs enabling professional education of their young. This organization is the greatest indicator of development in the social dimension, observed in the survey.
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Malone, Meredith B. "Abundance, Fruit Presence, and Growth Enhancement of Prestoea montana and Roystonea borinquena, Two Palm Species of Importance to Amazona vittata (Puerto Rican Parrot), in Río Abajo Forest, Puerto Rico." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05012007-121725/.
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The endangered Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vittata) has been bred in captivity for decades, and since 2000, over 50 parrots have been released into native habitats to rebuild wild populations in Puerto Rico. One group of 21 parrots was released into Río Abajo Forest in the karstic region of Puerto Rico in November 2006, where high quality habitat resources exist, but the management of sustainable food resources, such as the fruit of Prestoea montana (sierra palm) and Roystonea borinquena (royal palm), is imperative. An inventory of accessible regions in Río Abajo Forest was conducted to assess differences in size and abundance of P. montana and R. borinquena palms between three forest community types and fruiting patterns under differing growing conditions. Twenty palms in each of three size classes of both palm species were located in Río Abajo Forest and approximately half were supplied with a controlled-release formula of inorganic NPK fertilizer with micronutrients to investigate potential soil nutrient limitations to growth of palms. Thirty R. borinquena seedlings were located in artificial canopy gap plots previously created in abandoned Hibiscus elatus (mahoe) plantations in Río Abajo Forest and approximately half were supplied with the same fertilizer formula to evaluate combined soil and light limitations on seedling growth. In the size and abundance inventory, seedlings were the most abundant size class of both palm species. No significant difference in size or abundance existed between any size classes of either palm species in different forest community types. P. montana seedling size and abundance were correlated with moderate shade, available soil P and other micronutrients, and relatively alkaline soils. Seedling height and diameter significantly increased with the addition of NPK and micronutrients to surrounding soil. Wet soils appeared most important to fruit production of mature P. montana. In the size and abundance inventory, R. borinquena seedling success was correlated to sites containing relatively high soil micronutrient concentrations and seedlings and mature R. borinquena palms exhibited larger size, abundance, and fruit production in open canopies. R. borinquena seedling height significantly increased with the addition of N-P-K and micronutrients to surrounding soil. Diameter significantly increased with the addition of fertilizer to soil surrounding seedlings in artificial canopy gap plots. Mortality was decreased in R. borinquena seedlings with the addition of fertilizer, under the full canopies of fertilizer experiments and in the open canopies of artificial canopy gap plots. Management to increase abundance and fruit production of these palm species in RAF may initially include techniques to provide increased light availability and nutrients to mature R. borinquena. Strategic management objectives may include provision of the same resources to smaller R. borinquena and increased soil moisture and nutrients to P. montana of all sizes.
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Touaf, Larbi. "Narration, représentation et lecture dans le roman anglais postmoderne : The French lieutenant's woman de John Fowles, The White hotel de D.M. Thomas, Waterland de Graham Swift, Flaubert's parrot de Julian Barnes." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040028.
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La question des formes narratives, de la représentation et de la lecture dans le roman anglais postmoderne s'inscrit dans une perspective qui vise à relier la pratique littéraire et artistique au contexte historique et culturel postmoderne de la fin du vingtième siècle. Ce contexte est caractérisé par un sentiment d'incertitude et de doute. En rapport avec ceci, l'étude est centrée sur les stratégies de déstabilisation de la représentation réaliste et des modes la construction du sens. En effet, le roman anglais postmoderne remet en question le sens commun qui constitue le fondement de l'écriture réaliste qu'elle soit histoire, biographie ou fiction. La principale stratégie consiste en l'introduction, parallèlement au récit réaliste, d'une version du principe d'incertitude et d'un discours interrogatif qui vise à désintégrer les notions communes et insoupçonnées du langage comme véhicule neutre, de la réalité et de la subjectivité comme étant saisissables et (re)présentables. La subversion des habitudes de lecture (et d'écriture) qui en résulte implique une problématisation des principes téléologiques qui déterminent nos rapports au texte et au mondeThis thesis is concerned with questions of form, representation and the reading process in the English postmodern novel. The idea is to relate the postmodern novel of the last decades of the twentieth-century to a historical and cultural (post-industrial, postmodern and post-humanist) context characterized by a general feeling of uncertainty and doubt. Related to this is the study of the destabilizing strategies of realist representation and of the common modes of meaning-construction. In fact, postmodern English fiction calls into question the common sense basis of realistic writing be it historical, biographical or fictional. The principal strategy consist in introducing, parallel to a realistic narrative, a version of the uncertainty principle and an outward interrogative discourse that seeks to subvert familiar notions of language, reality and subjectivity. The resulting subversion of the reading (and writing) habits implies a problematizing of the teleological principles that determine our relationships with text and world
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Riccardo, Michele. "Studio delle prestazioni di un SARP in configurazione multirotore." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11215/.
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Lo studio, svolto preso il laboratorio di meccanica del volo, ha permesso di studiare le prestazioni di un SARP in configurazione multirotore. Grazie all'ausilio di un banco prova sono stati caratterizzati due sistemi propulsivi. Il programma creato permette di impostare la percentuale di throttle a cui si vuole volare in condizioni di hovering e fornisce la capacità del pacco batterie da utilizzare e l'autonomia di volo consentita.
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Daniel, Taunay. "A epistemologia, o documentario e o papagaio : elementos para analise de documentarios da vida selvagem." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/284672.
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Orientador: Jacques Marie Edme VielliardAnexo 1 DVD
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes
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Resumo: Esta tese é uma reflexão sobre a possibilidade de se produzir documentários (cinema ou vídeo) perfeitamente fiéis e objetivos em relação à realidade que eles pretendem representar. O foco principal é o documentário de vida selvagem, que tem características específicas muito marcantes que o diferencia nitidamente dos demais tipos de documentários. A linha de argumentação da tese tem como base de sustentação teórica e prática quatro elementos: a) os resultados de uma pesquisa de campo realizada com o objetivo de compreender o comportamento do papagaio-de-peito-roxo Amazona vinacea em seu habitat natural para, em seguida, planejar e produzir um documentário sobre esse animal; b) uma reflexão sobre a epistemologia em geral, com ênfase na questão da possibilidade de haver objetividade no conhecimento; c) uma reflexão sobre a possibilidade de haver objetividade nas imagens registradas através dos dispositivos técnicos criados para esse fim (câmeras fotográficas e cinematográficas); d) uma análise da realização do próprio documentário. A tese defende a existência de uma "matriz do pensamento", criada e sedimentada no decurso da história do mundo ocidental, que nos faz crer que a objetividade pura é possível e desejável e que o conhecimento legítimo e aceitável é somente aquele que é independente da subjetividade do indivíduo que o produz. Procura também mostrar como essa matriz é insustentável, sobretudo em relação aos documentários audiovisuais onde a objetividade e a verdade tornam-se aspirações inadequadas.
Abstract: This paper is a reflection over the possibility to produce objective documentaries (cinema or video), strictly loyal to the reality they mean to represent. The main focus is the documentary of wild life that has specific and very remarkable characteristics, which makes it clearly different from the other kinds of documentaries. The argument line of the paper has four elements as its theoretical and practical basis of support : a) the outcome of a field research carried out with the objective of understanding the behavior of Vinaceous Parrot Amazona vinacea in its natural habitat, and then plan and produce a documentary on this animal; b) a reflection over epistemology in general, with emphasis on the possibility of having objectivity in knowledge; c) a reflection over the possibility of having objectivity in the registered images through technical devices created for this purpose (photographic and cinematographic cameras); d) an analysis of the achievement of the documentary itself. The paper defends the existence of a "matrix of the thought" created and deeply rooted throughout the history of western world, that makes us believe that sheer objectivity is possible and desirable and that authentic and acceptable knowledge is just the one that is independent of the subjectivity of the individual who produces it. It also tries to show how unsustainable this matrix is, especially towards audiovisual documentaries, where objectivity and truth become inadequate aspirations.
Doutorado
Doutor em Multimeios
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Veedhi, Carisma Catherin, and Vasantha Sai Darahas Yeedi. "Estimation of Altitude : using ultrasoinc and pressure sensors." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-19950.
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This paper deals with the estimation of altitude of the drone for which the sensors like ultrasonic, barometric pressure sensors and their characteristics plays a major role. To estimate the altitude of the drone, we used the matlab software with Simulink. apart from the software and hardware description, we discuss several issues regarding the equipment,abilities and performance of the drone.
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Bonello, Fábio Luís [UNESP]. "Avaliação do manejo e do potencial zoonótico de papagaios-verdadeiros (Amazona aestiva) mantidos em cativeiro domiciliar." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94706.
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A manutenção de animais silvestres em cativeiro domiciliar como animais de estimação é bastante comum no Brasil e os papagaios tem sido preferidos por serem considerados curiosos, inteligentes e divertidos, além de serem excelentes imitadores e faladores. Entretanto, os papagaios-verdadeiros (Amazona aestiva) podem ser fontes de infecção de algumas zoonoses. Neste trabalho foram estudados 50 papagaios-verdadeiros mantidos em cativeiro domiciliar no município de Araçatuba, São Paulo. As condições sócio-econômicas e os manejos sanitário e nutricional das aves, bem como o contato com os residentes foram avaliados por meio de visitas às casas. Os resultados revelaram manejos sanitário e nutricional inadequados na maioria dos casos, estreito contato com os papagaios e falta de conhecimento sobre enfermidades dos mesmos. Não foi isolada Salmonella sp. nas amostras de fezes, enquanto Escherichia coli estava presente em três animais e estruturas leveduriformes foram encontradas na maioria deles. Cryptosporidium sp. foi encontrado em uma das amostras. Pode-se concluir que o estreito contato dos residentes com as aves e as condições sanitárias inadequadas podem favorecer a ocorrência de zoonoses nas residências avaliadas. A presença de Cryptosporidium sp., caso se trate de uma espécie zoonótica, indica a possibilidade da transmissão de criptosporidiose de papagaios para o homem em condições de cativeiro domiciliar.
The maintenance of wild animals in domiciliary captivity as pets has been common in Brazil and parrots are preferred because they are considered curious, intelligents, amusing, excellent talkative and mimics. However, the blue- fronted amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) can be source of some zoonosis infections. In the present study the sanitary and nutritional management of 50 blue-fronted amazon parrots kept in domiciliary captivity in Araçatuba city, SP, as well as the occurrence of zoonosis agents in stools samples, social-economic conditions and residents-birds contact were evaluated. Results showed inadequate sanitary and nutritional management in the majority of the cases, strait contact with the parrots and lack of knowledge about parrots diseases. Salmonella was not found in stool samples while Escherichia coli was present in three samples and levedures-like structures were found in the majority them. Cryptosporidium was found in one sample. We can conclude that the close contact with the birds and the uncorrect management can favour occurrence of zoonosis in evaluated residences. The presence of Cryptosporidium sp. Indicates transmition possibility of cryptosporidiosis, in case of zoonotic specie, from parrots to humans in domiciliary captivity conditions.
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Reid, Clio. "Exploration-avoidance and an anthropogenic toxin (lead Pb) in a wild parrot (kea: Nestor notabilis) : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Ecology and Biodiversity /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/897.
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Natálio, Rita. "Papagaios ao espelho." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/15399.
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-13Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
In this work, we will start from the imitation theories of the nineteenth-century French sociologist Gabriel Tarde, and the revision of these theories by the Italian philosopher Maurizio Lazzarato. These authors will allow us to think the contemporary processes of subjectivity, in which appears a specific dynamic between imitation and invention on individual life and that, in turn, go hand in hand with neoliberal capitalism dynamics and its incessant deterritorializations. Today, contemporary individuals quickly mobilize their imitations and inventions, their opinions replicate on a large scale and they are driven by the belief in the possibility of interfering, divert, sculpting, modeling and even reverse the direction of their own lives. Imitation and invention can be seen as tools of social construction. Furthermore, in the case of virality and contagion of ideas through social networking on the Internet or analog networks of consumption and influence, a bestial force of imitation is set up that seeks a global spread, a force whose power is extra-individual and allows us to consider subjects beyond self-contained units. To think this theme, we will establish our research in dialogue with other authors and examples from contemporary art to internet examples and, between chapters of the work, we will propose small textual shortcircuits that break the linearity of reasoning. These short-circuits can, in some cases, challenge the conventions of academic text, but they are mainly an experiment on the relationship between invention and imitation in the creation of my own voice
Neste trabalho, partimos das teorias da imitação do sociólogo francês do século XIX Gabriel Tarde, e da sua revisão, já no século XXI, pelo filósofo italiano Maurizio Lazzarato. Esses autores permitem-nos pensar os processos de subjetivação contemporâneos como processos onde se explicita uma dinâmica específica entre imitação e invenção na vida individual que, por sua vez, andam lado a lado com a dinâmica do capitalismo neoliberal e das suas desterritorializações incessantes. Hoje, os indivíduos contemporâneos mobilizam velozmente as suas imitações e invenções, replicam opiniões em larga escala, movidos pela crença na possibilidade de interferir, desviar, esculpir, modelar e até reverter o sentido das suas vidas. Imitação e invenção podem ser vistas como ferramentas de construção social. Para além disso, no caso da viralidade e do contágio de ideias por via de redes sociais na internet ou de redes analógicas de consumo e influência, instala-se uma força bestial de imitação que busca uma propagação planetária, cuja potência é extra-individual e permite pensar o sujeito para além de unidades estanques. Para pensar esta temática, situaremos a nossa pesquisa em diálogo com outros autores e exemplos, deste a arte contemporânea a exemplos retirados da internet, e entre os capítulos que compõem o trabalho, propomos pequenos curto-circuitos textuais na linearidade do raciocínio. Estes curto-circuitos poderão em alguns casos desafiar as convenções do texto académico, mas são sobretudo um experimento sobre a relação entre invenção e imitação na criação de uma voz própria
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Frazão, Luciana Allegretti. "Estudo comparativo de métodos bioquímicos, perfil de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos e método molecular para a caracterização fenotípica e genotípica de bactérias ácido-láticas isoladas da microbiota fecal de Papagaios-verdadeiros (Amazona aestiva) no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-19092014-114808/.
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A microbiota do trato gastrointestinal dos psitacídeos é composta por bactérias Gram-positivas, entre elas as bactérias ácido láticas. Porém, há poucos estudos na literatura descrevendo a microbiota do trato gastrointestinal dessas aves. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e caracterizar fenotipicamente e genotipicamente, por três diferentes métodos, as bactérias ácido láticas isoladas da microbiota fecal de papagaios verdadeiros. Um total de 80 amostras bacterianas foram estudadas, sendo que 31 amostras eram provenientes da microbiota fecal de papagaios-verdadeiros de vida livre e 49 amostras eram de papagaios-verdadeiros de cativeiro. Foram realizadas provas bioquímicas convencionais, automatizadas (Vitek 2) e o sequenciamento completo do gene 16S rRNA e realizada a análise comparativa dos resultados. Das 80 amostras analisadas, em 40 (50%) destas foram identificadas as espécies, pois apresentaram concordância de identificação em pelo menos dois métodos, e as demais 40 amostras (50%) não apresentaram concordância entre os testes, não sendo possível definir a espécie. As espécies identificadas foram: Enterococcus avium (02 amostras), Enterococcus faecium (03 amostras), Enterococcus faecalis (15 amostras), Enterococcus hirae (15 amostras), Lactococcus lactis (02 amostras) e Staphylococcus warneri (02 amostras). Dentre as amostras identificadas, sete (07) amostras apresentaram concordância no resultado nas três técnicas analisadas, trinta e uma (31) amostras apresentaram concordância pelo bioquímico automatizado e pelo sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA, e apenas duas (02) amostras apresentaram concordância pelo bioquímico convencional e pelo sequenciamento de DNA. A similaridade de utilização de substratos pelas cepas foi definida em treze (13) amostras, nas demais amostras estudadas houve uma diferença no consumo de substratos nas provas bioquímicas. O perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos evidenciou resistência em onze (11) amostras, quatro (04) a benzilpenicilina, quatro (04) a eritromicina, duas (02) a gentamicina e uma (01) a estreptomicina. A análise filogenética baseada no coeficiente de Neighbor-Join para comparar a similaridade entre as sequencias geradas pelo sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA, mostrou uma tendência de agrupamento bacteriano de acordo com o local de onde as aves eram provenientes. Verificou-se que a identificação através do teste bioquímico convencional apresentou resultados inconsistentes quando comparados com o teste bioquímico automatizado e com o sequenciamento de DNA. Por sua vez, a técnica do sequenciamento genético demonstrou uma elevada confiabilidade nos resultados obtidos; sugerindo-se a utilização deste como teste de eleição e também como teste complementar as provas bioquímicas, para assim diminuir a probabilidade de erro de identificação bacteriana de bactérias ácido láticas em papagaios.Gastrointestinal microbiota of pscittacines main consists largely of Gram-positive bacteria, including acid-latic bacteria. However, the literature presents very few reports on profiling the gastrointestinal microbiota of these birds. The aim of this study was to identify and to characterize phenotypicly and genotypicly acid-latic bacteria isolated from fecal microbiota of Blue-fronted Amazon Parrots. For such, three different methods were used on eighty bacterial strains. Thirty-one fecal samples were collected from free-living Blue-fronted Amazon Parrots, while fourty-nine were from captive birds. Traditional biochemical tests, automated biochemical test (Vitek 2) and complete gene sequencing of 16S rRNA were performed. Results of these three methods were compared. Forty samples (50%) had agreement between at least two of the three methods, and bacterial species identification was confirmed, while strains from the remaining 40 samples were not identified, once agreement between atleast two methods was not found. The species identified were: Enterococcus avium (02 samples), Enterococcus faecium (03 samples), Enterococcus faecalis (15 samples), Enterococcus hirae (15 samples), Lactococcus lactis (02 samples) and Staphylococcus warneri (02 samples). Agreement between the three methods was observed in seven samples. Thirty-one samples presented agreement between automated biochemical tests and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Only two samples presented agreement between tradional biochemical tests and gene sequencing. Similarities of substract consumed by strains in both traditional and automated biochemical tests were observed in thirteen samples, while the other samples presented some difference in substracts utilization. Antimicrobial resistance profile showed that eleven samples were resistant to some antibiotic. Four were resistant to benzilpenicilin, four to erythromycin, two to gentamicin and one to estreptomycin. The phylogenetic test based on Neighbor-Join coefficient, which compares the similarity between 16S rRNA sequences, showed a trend for grouping of strains according to the geographical origin of each bird. However, species identification using traditional biochemical tests showed to be inconsistent when compared to automated biochemical tests and gene sequencing results. On the other hand, genetic sequencing technique results showed to be highly reliable. Thus, this method should be used both as gold standard and as complementary to the biochemical tests for acid-latic bacteria identification in Blue-fronted Amazon Parrots gastrointestinal microbiota.
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Krejci, Carol R. "Parent preference in parent-teacher conferences." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002krejcic.pdf.
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Wentland, Alicia A. "Parent assessment of parent education classes." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002wentlanda.pdf.
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Taylor, Tiawanna. "The development of microsatellites for parrots (Psittaciformes)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288084.
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O'Neill, Laurence [Verfasser]. "Physical Causal Cognition in Parrots / Laurence O'Neill." Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219429457/34.
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Whiddon, Melody. "Parent Emotional Functioning, Parent Responsiveness, and Child Adjustment." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/223.
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Over the past two decades, interest in the psychological development of children has steadily increased (Beg, Casey, & Saunders, 2007), presumably because statistics describing childhood psychological illness are alarming. Certain parent interaction styles or behaviors are known to influence child adjustment. According to attachment theory, the reason for these findings is that interaction with a caregiver informs an individual’s construction of an internal working model (IWM) of the self in relation to others in the environment. The purpose of this study was to gain a greater understanding of the factors contributing to child adjustment by examining the influence of parents’ emotional functioning and parent responsiveness to children’s bids for interaction. This dissertation tested a multivariate model of attachment-related processes and outcomes with an ethnically diverse sample. Results partially supported the model, in that parent emotional intelligence predicted some aspects of child adjustment. Overall, the study adds to knowledge about how parent characteristics influence child adjustment and provides support for conceptualizing emotional intelligence as a concrete and observable manifestation of the nonconscious attachment IWM.
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Khalesi, Bahman. "Studies of beak and feather disease virus infection." Thesis, Khalesi, Bahman (2007) Studies of beak and feather disease virus infection. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/126/.
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The circovirus Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) causes psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) that is characterised by a chronic disease process associated with feather abnormalities, beak deformities and eventual death in various species of birds in the order Psittaciformes. This disease is seen in captive and wild psittacine species in Australia and several other countries and is a significant threat to the survival of some endangered psittacine species.
This thesis reports on genetic studies that have furthered the understanding of the diversity of BFDV present within Australia. These studies have optimised methods of detecting BFDV. They have also resulted in the production of an immunogenic and antigenic recombinant BFDV Capsid protein that could lead to alternate methods of producing viral antigen for serological tests and the development of a BFDV vaccine.
To assess the optimal method of the detection of BFDV infection, feather and blood samples were submitted by referring veterinarians throughout Australia from psittacine birds tentatively diagnosed with PBFD or with a history of being in contact with PBFD-affected birds. These samples were examined by 3 procedures commonly used to detect BFDV infection: a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and haemagglutination (HA) for the detection of virus, and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests for the detection of virus antibody in response to infection. Of the samples examined from 623 psittacine birds, the prevalence of BFDV DNA in feather samples detected by PCR was 18.85%. There was a strong correlation between PCR and HA testing of feather samples, although possible false-positive and false-negative PCR and HA results were obtained in some samples. Of the 143 birds that were PCR feather-positive only 2 had detectable HI antibody and these birds were also HA feather-negative, which suggests that they were developing immunity to recent infection. All birds with HI antibody were feather HA negative.
Despite the rare occurrence of PBFD in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus), 2 of the 13 samples collected from this species were PCR and HA positive indicating that this species can be infected with BFDV.
Three studies were undertaken to further our understanding of the genetics of BFDV in Australian avifauna: sequence analysis of the BFDV detected in a grey cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus), a species normally considered resistant to infection with BFDV; analysis of the genome of BFDV present in lorikeets (Trichoglossus sp.) in Australia; and analysis of the genome of BFDV detected in endangered swift parrots (Lathamus discolor). Sequence analysis of the entire genome of the cockatiel BFDV isolate revealed that it clustered phylogenetically with 2 other viruses, one from a sulphur crested cockatoo (SCC1-AUS) and one from a Major Mitchell cockatoo (MMC-AUS), which suggests that this isolate from the grey cockatiel was not a cockatiel-specific biotype. Phylogenetic analysis of the ORF V1 of BFDV detected in 7 lorikeets demonstrated these 7 isolates clustered phylogenetically with other BFDV isolates obtained from Loriidae species elsewhere in the world and confirmed the presence of a loriid-specific genotype. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data generated from ORF V1 of virus detected in 2 endangered swift parrots provided evidence they were also infected with BFDV genotypes derived from other species of birds, one isolate clustering with viruses from a Loriidae genotype and the other with isolates derived from species of Cacatuidae and Psittacidae.
As part of this research, a baculovirus expression system was successfully developed for the production of recombinant BFDV Capsid protein. Inoculation of this protein into chickens resulted in the development of HI antibody, which demonstrated its immunogenicity. When used as an antigen in HI tests it detected antibody in virus-infected birds, which demonstrated its antigenicity. This protein offers potential application as an antigen for the development of serological tests and as an immunogen for incorporation into vaccines for control of PBFD.
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Khalesi, Bahman. "Studies of beak and feather disease virus infection." Khalesi, Bahman (2007) Studies of beak and feather disease virus infection. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/126/.
Full textAbstract:
The circovirus Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) causes psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) that is characterised by a chronic disease process associated with feather abnormalities, beak deformities and eventual death in various species of birds in the order Psittaciformes. This disease is seen in captive and wild psittacine species in Australia and several other countries and is a significant threat to the survival of some endangered psittacine species.
This thesis reports on genetic studies that have furthered the understanding of the diversity of BFDV present within Australia. These studies have optimised methods of detecting BFDV. They have also resulted in the production of an immunogenic and antigenic recombinant BFDV Capsid protein that could lead to alternate methods of producing viral antigen for serological tests and the development of a BFDV vaccine.
To assess the optimal method of the detection of BFDV infection, feather and blood samples were submitted by referring veterinarians throughout Australia from psittacine birds tentatively diagnosed with PBFD or with a history of being in contact with PBFD-affected birds. These samples were examined by 3 procedures commonly used to detect BFDV infection: a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and haemagglutination (HA) for the detection of virus, and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests for the detection of virus antibody in response to infection. Of the samples examined from 623 psittacine birds, the prevalence of BFDV DNA in feather samples detected by PCR was 18.85%. There was a strong correlation between PCR and HA testing of feather samples, although possible false-positive and false-negative PCR and HA results were obtained in some samples. Of the 143 birds that were PCR feather-positive only 2 had detectable HI antibody and these birds were also HA feather-negative, which suggests that they were developing immunity to recent infection. All birds with HI antibody were feather HA negative.
Despite the rare occurrence of PBFD in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus), 2 of the 13 samples collected from this species were PCR and HA positive indicating that this species can be infected with BFDV.
Three studies were undertaken to further our understanding of the genetics of BFDV in Australian avifauna: sequence analysis of the BFDV detected in a grey cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus), a species normally considered resistant to infection with BFDV; analysis of the genome of BFDV present in lorikeets (Trichoglossus sp.) in Australia; and analysis of the genome of BFDV detected in endangered swift parrots (Lathamus discolor). Sequence analysis of the entire genome of the cockatiel BFDV isolate revealed that it clustered phylogenetically with 2 other viruses, one from a sulphur crested cockatoo (SCC1-AUS) and one from a Major Mitchell cockatoo (MMC-AUS), which suggests that this isolate from the grey cockatiel was not a cockatiel-specific biotype. Phylogenetic analysis of the ORF V1 of BFDV detected in 7 lorikeets demonstrated these 7 isolates clustered phylogenetically with other BFDV isolates obtained from Loriidae species elsewhere in the world and confirmed the presence of a loriid-specific genotype. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data generated from ORF V1 of virus detected in 2 endangered swift parrots provided evidence they were also infected with BFDV genotypes derived from other species of birds, one isolate clustering with viruses from a Loriidae genotype and the other with isolates derived from species of Cacatuidae and Psittacidae.
As part of this research, a baculovirus expression system was successfully developed for the production of recombinant BFDV Capsid protein. Inoculation of this protein into chickens resulted in the development of HI antibody, which demonstrated its immunogenicity. When used as an antigen in HI tests it detected antibody in virus-infected birds, which demonstrated its antigenicity. This protein offers potential application as an antigen for the development of serological tests and as an immunogen for incorporation into vaccines for control of PBFD.
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Souza, Priscila de Lima. "\'Sem que lhes obste a diferença de cor\': a habilitação dos pardos livres na América portuguesa e no Caribe espanhol (c. 1750-1808)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-09022018-125020/.
Full textAbstract:
Esta tese versa sobre o processo de transformação do status social dos pardos livres da América ibérica ocorrido ao longo do período compreendido entre a segunda metade do século XVIII e o ano de 1808. Trata-se de uma abordagem comparada que analisa a América portuguesa e o Caribe espanhol considerando-se, no interior deste, especificamente o Vice-Reino de Nova Granada, a Capitania Geral da Venezuela e a Capitania Geral de Cuba como unidades históricas conectadas por processos comuns, cujos desdobramentos variaram de acordo com condicionamentos específicos de cada espaço. Em decorrência do passado escravo, os pardos livres eram estigmatizados e considerados juridicamente inabilitados ao exercício de funções sociais específicas nos âmbitos político, civil, eclesiástico e militar. A tese analisa, por um lado, os fundamentos dos estigmas associados aos pardos e, por outro lado, as pressões exercidas pelos próprios pardos com o objetivo de superar as restrições legais. A documentação que sustenta a análise é constituída principalmente de petições e requerimentos enviados por eles visando à obtenção de privilégios e honras que garantiam prestígio social. Por meio deles, percebe-se a articulação de um discurso comum baseado em representações positivadas acerca do grupo que originou e alimentou um movimento de positivação da identidade parda no mundo iberoamericano. Examinam-se igualmente os posicionamentos de autoridades metropolitanas, coloniais e das elites locais frente às pretensões dos pardos, o que permite evidenciar a existência de um campo de tensões envolvendo diretamente o problema da inserção social e política desse segmento social. As reformas promovidas pelas monarquias ibéricas após o fim da Guerra dos Sete Anos (1756-1763) aprofundaram significativamente essas tensões, pois ampliaram o papel exercido pelos pardos na manutenção dos espaços coloniais, garantindo-lhes maiores parcelas de poder. Destaca-se particularmente o impacto das reformas militares, entendendo-se que elas transformaram as milícias em nichos de politização decisivos para a atuação dos pardos como um grupo de pressão, pois suas demandas por honras e privilégios passaram a ser dotadas de legitimidade institucional. Defende-se que em fins do século XVIII, sobretudo ao longo da década de 1790, houve uma ampliação das expectativas manifestadas pelos pardos, que passaram a vislumbrar a superação dos entraves legais e a consolidação de um novo status sociojurídico sintetizado pela ideia de habilitação plena. Em 1808, ano decisivo para a definição do futuro político das possessões americanas, as tensões que envolviam a elevação do status social dos pardos seguiam como um traço importante da crise que atingia as monarquias ibéricas.This study approaches in the transformation process of the Free Pardo people status which occurred in Iberian America during the period between the second half of the eighteenth century and the year 1808. This is a comparative approach that analyzes Portuguese America and the Spanish Caribbean specifically the Viceroyalty of New Granada, the General Captaincy of Venezuela and the General Captaincy of Cuba as historical units connected by common processes, whose developments varied according to specific conditions of each space. As a result of the slave past, Free Pardo were stigmatized and considered legally unfit for the exercise of social functions as well the political, civil, ecclesiastical and military instances. This study analyzes, on the one hand, the foundations of the stigmas associated with the Pardo and, on the other hand, the pressures exerted by the Pardo themselves in order to overcome legal restrictions. The documentation that supports the analysis consists mainly of petitions and requests sent by them seeking to obtain privileges and honors that guaranteed social prestige. Through them, the articulation of a common discourse based on positive representations about the group that originated and fed a movement of affirmations of Free Pardo identity, in the Ibero-American, can be perceived. The positions of metropolitan, colonial and local elites are also examined according to Free Pardo people pretensions, which allows us to show the existence of a field of tensions directly involving the social problem and political insertion in this social segment. The reforms promoted by the Iberian monarchies, after the end of the Seven Years War (1756-1763), significantly deepened these tensions, as they increased the role played by the Pardo in maintaining colonial spaces, granting them greater spheres of power. The impact of military reforms is particularly noteworthy, since they have transformed the militias into niches of politicization. This process was decisive for the Pardo as a pressure group, since their demands for honors and privileges have been endowed with institutional legitimacy. This study also support that at the end of the 18th century, especially during the 1790s, there was an increase in the expectations expressed by the Pardo, who began to see the overcoming of legal obstacles and the consolidation of a new socio-juridical status synthesized by the idea of full habilitation. In 1808, the decisive year for the definition of the political future of the American possessions, the tensions that involved the elevation of the Pardo social status followed as an important trace of the crisis that reached the Iberian monarchies.
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I-Chia, Wei, and 魏逸佳. "Game of Parrot." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60900879390265813463.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺北市立教育大學
視覺藝術學系碩士班
96
"Game of Parrot" rises the dependence of the personal emotion to the parrots with mental recognition, and this recognition also turns and causes the change of the self-recognition. By taking this idea as the origin of the creation, four sets of artworks are developed from four games described the relationship between parrots and self. These artworks not only explore the relationship with the self and the games, but also extend the research of the media itself. Finally, this research is written to carry out the overall thoughts from the behavior of creativity, the conversation of artworks and self, and self-conversation convert every uneasiness of mental state in daily life and re-state the value of creativity in life. The study of the research is dived into 5 sections: Chapter One：Introduction An preliminary elaboration of the relationship between parrot, game, self .And taking the paper pulp as the media,is a way to explore the object and the creation research. Chapter Two：Foundation of creativity thesis: Jacques Lacan and Carl Gustav Jung of psychology, and study of paper cutting art special features, new art style, examination, analyzation of "Game of Parrot". Chapter Three： Practice of creation The content of artworks from four sets of parrot games, by the media,the form lay stress on skin texture and colors as paper raised, paper cutting art and so on. Express the infinite possibility of game and the importance to self. Chapter Four：Work Explanation Include [game 1],[game 2],[game 3], and [game 4] total of 4 sets of artworks. Chapter Five：Conclusion It describes the inspection of creative behaviors, the meanings of artworks to a person, and the possibilities of further development of artworks. The creation of "Game of Parrot" provides a way for self-expression, and transforms the deepest fear of individual to recreate a new self through a joyful game.