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Journal articles on the topic 'Parsnip'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 March 2023

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1

Jogesh, Tania, Rhiannon Peery, Stephen R. Downie, and May R. Berenbaum. "Patterns of Genetic Diversity in the Globally Invasive Species Wild Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa)." Invasive Plant Science and Management 8, no. 4 (December 2015): 415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-15-00024.1.

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AbstractWild parsnip is an invasive species with a global distribution in temperate climates. Parsnips are native to Eurasia and have been cultivated for more than five centuries. It is unclear whether the global invasion of this species is a consequence of escape from cultivation or the accidental introduction of a Eurasian wild subspecies. In this study, we used nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) markers to evaluate the genetic structure of wild parsnip in its native range (Europe) and in three distinct geographic regions where it is considered invasive: eastern North America, western North America, and New Zealand. We also compared wild and cultivated parsnips to determine whether they are genetically distinct. From 112 individuals, we recovered 14 ITS and 27 cpDNA haplotypes. One ITS haplotype was widespread; few haplotypes were rare singletons. In contrast, at least two lineages of cpDNA haplotypes were recovered, with several novel haplotypes restricted to Europe. Cultivated parsnips were not genetically distinct from wild parsnips, and numerous wild parsnip populations shared haplotypes with cultivars. High genetic diversity was recovered in all three regions, suggesting multiple introductions.

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2

Averill, Kristine M., and Antonio DiTommaso. "Wild Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa): A Troublesome Species of Increasing Concern." Weed Technology 21, no. 1 (March 2007): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-05-186.1.

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Although many of us fondly associate parsnips with a rustic, home-cooked meal, there is also a wild variety that is increasingly causing problems as a weed in North America. The cultivated variety is a subspecies of Pastinaca sativa (Pastinaca sativa ssp. sativa) and contains lower amounts of the problematic furanocoumarins than the wild version. Wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L. PAVSA) is an introduced facultative biennial from Eurasia. It has spread throughout the United States and southern Canada and is now colonizing old fields, railroad embankments, roadsides, and waste areas. Wild parsnip contains furanocoumarins, which deter herbivores from eating its foliage. These compounds can also cause phytophotodermatitis in humans and livestock, a condition that results in patches of redness and blisters on the skin when they come into contact with the sap or ingest parts of the plant in the presence of sunlight. Few people, including medical professionals, recognize the plant or associate it with the burns it causes. Recently, wild parsnip has received increasing attention as expanding populations have resulted in more frequent human and livestock contact with the plant. This article reviews important aspects of the etymology, distribution, history, biology, and management of wild parsnip. A key objective of this review is to raise awareness of the potential health problems caused by wild parsnip and to stimulate research that will lead to effective management of this increasingly problematic species.

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3

Davis, David W., Francis L. Pfleger, and Mando A. Shehata. "‘Andover’ Parsnip." HortScience 24, no. 3 (June 1989): 521–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.3.521.

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Abstract ‘Andover’ parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L.) is being released for commercial fresh-market and home garden production as a cultivar with desirable root type and resistance to field and storage attack by Itersonilia perplexans Derx. (1-4), which causes a foliar leaf spot, and, in storage, a root canker followed by root deterioration. The disease is commonly known as parsnip canker. A need for resistance to deterioration in storage gave rise to the breeding program. It was found that canker was a major reason for this deterioration, although other organisms are known to be involved.

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4

Berenbaum, M. R., A. R. Zangerl, and J. K. Nitao. "Constraints on Chemical Coevolution: Wild Parsnips and the Parsnip Webworm." Evolution 40, no. 6 (November 1986): 1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2408949.

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5

Berenbaum, M. R., A. R. Zangerl, and J. K. Nitao. "CONSTRAINTS ON CHEMICAL COEVOLUTION: WILD PARSNIPS AND THE PARSNIP WEBWORM." Evolution 40, no. 6 (November 1986): 1215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb05746.x.

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6

Zangerl, Arthur R., and May R. Berenbaum. "Oviposition Patterns and Hostplant Suitability: Parsnip Webworms and Wild Parsnip." American Midland Naturalist 128, no. 2 (October 1992): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2426463.

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7

Zangerl, A. R., and M. R. Berenbaum. "PHENOTYPE MATCHING IN WILD PARSNIP AND PARSNIP WEBWORMS: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES." Evolution 57, no. 4 (2003): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057[0806:pmiwpa]2.0.co;2.

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8

Zangerl, A. R., and M. R. Berenbaum. "PHENOTYPE MATCHING IN WILD PARSNIP AND PARSNIP WEBWORMS: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES." Evolution 57, no. 4 (April 2003): 806–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00292.x.

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9

Konopiński, Mirosław, Lidia Nowak, Roman Mitura, and Dorota Skiba. "Effect of different pre-sowing tillage on quantity and quality of parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L.) root yield in ridge cultivation." Acta Agrobotanica 64, no. 3 (2012): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2011.030.

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Parsnip is a very valuable vegetable due to its nutritional value and dietetic quality. It is moreover herbal raw material abundant in active substances. The yield quality of vegetables greatly depends on thorough pre-sowing soil tillage. The present study aimed at evaluating the influence of different presowing soil tillage (medium-deep ploughing, cultivating) and plant growing methods, flat or ridge cultivation, on the yield of parsnip and some biometric traits of its roots. The field experiment was carried out in 1999, 2000 and 2002 on lessive soil with the granulometric composition corresponding to medium silty loam. The parsnip cultivar 'Półdługi Biały' was the experimental plant species. The cultivation of parsnip on ridges had a significant influence on increased total yield of roots and decreased yield of small roots, as compared to flat cultivation. A significant increase in unit weight of the root and its diameter in the top part was also recorded in the latter type of cultivation. Spring pre-sowing tillage had no significant effect on parsnip yields. An increasing trend was observed only for total and marketable root yield in the ploughed plots. When parsnip is grown on lessive soil (which has an unstable structure), plants cultivated on ridges after spring pre-sowing plough are the most beneficial treatment combination.

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10

Cain, N., S. J. Darbyshire, A. Francis, R. E. Nurse, and M. J. Simard. "The Biology of Canadian weeds. 144. Pastinaca sativa L." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 90, no. 2 (March 1, 2010): 217–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps09110.

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The parsnip, Pastinaca sativa, was introduced to North America shortly after European settlement as an important root-crop. It subsequently escaped cultivation and naturalized as a less palatable “wild” form. Cultivation of parsnip has diminished in Canada to the point where it is now only a minor crop, but the wild form has increased as a troublesome weed, particularly in eastern regions. Wild parsnip is most prevalent in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States, but occurs across the continent except in the far north and extreme southeast. As a monocarpic biennial with a large tap root, it reproduces entirely by seed. A wide variety of habitats and soil types are tolerated. It is considered a noxious weed because of its toxic properties (primarily photo-activated dermatitis) to both humans and livestock. It invades disturbed sites, rights-of-way, pastures, perennial crops, and reduced-tillage fields where it effectively out-competes shorter vegetation. In arable fields, wild parsnip is normally controlled by tillage. Manual removal, cutting, and mowing can be effective in reducing seed production, but direct contact with plants or sap is hazardous. Various herbicides have been reported to be useful in the control of wild parsnip (e.g., glyphosate, 2,4-D, triclopyr, etc.), but little quantitative information is available on application rates and levels of control.Key words: Panais sauvage, Pastinaca sativa, PAVSA, weed biology, wild parsnip

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11

Kiryakov, Ivan, Mariya Georgieva, Dimitar Atanasov, and Nadya Arabadzhieva. "Sorption isotherms of parsnip." BIO Web of Conferences 45 (2022): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224503003.

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Parsnip is a root that has a number of useful nutrients. For this reason, in recent years it has been rehabilitated and is widely used in dried form in the food industry and for medicinal purposes. Knowledge of its equilibrium characteristics of the products has an important practical significance, which is expressed in the selection of a suitable drying regime, selection of optimal storage conditions, determination of the energy and the form of connection of water with the material, etc. Therefore, an experimental study was performed to determine the equilibrium moisture content of parsnip and equations describing the sorption and desorption isotherms of parsnip at a temperature of 20°C were derived. Its equilibrium moisture content at higher temperatures (20, 40 and 60°C) was determined theoretically by the method of Pass and Slepchenko. All results are summarized in analytical, graphical and tabular form.

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12

Liu, J., M. D. Hossain, and D. Chen. "A PROCEDURE FOR IDENTIFYING INVASIVE WILD PARSNIP PLANTS BASED ON VISIBLE BANDS FROM UAV IMAGES." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2021 (June 28, 2021): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2021-173-2021.

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Abstract. Wild parsnip is an invasive plant that has serious health risks to humans due to the toxin in its sap. Monitoring its presence has been a challenging task for conservation authorities due to its small size and irregular shape. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) can obtain ultra-high resolution (UHR) imagery and have been used for vegetation monitoring in recent years. In this study, UAV images captured at Lemoine Point Conservation Area in Kingston, Ontario, are used to test a methodology for distinguishing wild parsnip. The objective of this study is to develop an efficient invasive wild parsnip classification workflow based on UHR digital UAV imagery. Image pre-processing flow includes image orientation, digital elevation model (DEM) and digital surface model (DSM) extractions, and orthomosaicking using Simactive’s software. Three vegetation indices and three texture features are calculated and added to the mosaicked images as additional bands. Image analysis frameworks namely pixel- and object-based method and three classifiers are tested and the object-based Support Vector Machine (SVM) is selected to distinguish wild parsnip from other vegetation types. The optimal image resolutions are undertaken by comparing accuracy assessments. The results provide an executable workflow to distinguish wild parsnip and show that UAV images, with a simple digital camera, are an appropriate and economic resource for small and irregular vegetation detection. This method yields reliable and valid outcomes in detecting wild parsnip plants and demonstrates excellent performance in mapping small vegetation.

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13

Lisiewska, Z., W. Kmiecik, and P. Gebczyńnski. "Effects on Mineral Content of Different Methods of Preparing Frozen Root Vegetables." Food Science and Technology International 12, no. 6 (December 2006): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013206073273.

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Contents of ash and P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, and Ni were determined in raw carrot, root celery, parsnip, and red beet before and after blanching and cooking, and also after 12 months of refrigerated storage. The treatments applied before freezing included washing, peeling, grinding, and blanching or cooking, which caused significant decreases in the content of most analysed elements in carrot, root celery, and parsnip. Red beet was not peeled when it was thermally processed, this avoided mineral losses and no significant changes were found between raw and boiled samples. Carrot, root celery, and parsnip previously cooked and then frozen, had a significant higher content of sodium and manganese, while chromium content did not change. There were no differences found in manganese, zinc, nickel or phosphorus content in carrot and parsnip. Depending on vegetables, differences in other minerals were not significant or their content was higher in cooked than in blanched samples before freezing.

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14

Fedorova, M. I., V. A. Stepanov, and T. S. Vurtz. "PARSNIP VARIETIES BRED AT VNIISSOK." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 4 (January 1, 2017): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2017-4-86-88.

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15

Lutchman, L., V. Inyang, and D. Hodgkinson. "Phytophotodermatitis associated with parsnip picking." Emergency Medicine Journal 16, no. 6 (November 1, 1999): 453–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.16.6.453.

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16

Hakimi, Fatemeh, Mojgan Tansaz, and Roshanak Mokaberinejad. "The Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L), A Proposed Remedy as to a Fertile Agent in the Viewpoint of Iranian Traditional Medicine." Current Drug Discovery Technologies 17, no. 5 (December 23, 2020): 711–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570163816666190820143052.

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Background and Objective: Infertility is a major problem in medical sciences. Despite recent advances in diagnosing and treatment of infertility, it is still one of the most important medical problems. The aim of this study is to review the role of the parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L), a proposed remedy as to a fertile agent in the viewpoint of Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) and review the evidence in the conventional medicine. Methods: In this literature research, we investigated some important Persian medical and pharmaceutical manuscripts in ITM. The search was conducted with the keyword of the fertile agent, and the parsnip was one of the choices mentioned as a fertile agent which is also available. In order assess the current findings, a search was done in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Results: In ITM, the parsnip is recognized as a stomach astringent, liver and uterine tonic and Stimulates ovulation. It is named as semen or sexual desire increaser and fertile agent. In the viewpoint of ITM, attention to the health of main or vital members of the body (including the heart, brain, and liver) in addition to the health of the urogenital system, may have led to the treatment of infertility. Conclusion: In some studies, the effects of the parsnip on spermatogenesis, number, and sperm motility are investigated but no studies have been done on women's infertility. This review shows that the parsnip can be as a fertile agent in female infertility. So, further clinical research is recommended.

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17

Dydiv, I. V., O. Y. Dydiv, A. I. Dydiv, and I. V. Kokhovska. "Influence of growth regulator Bioglobin on yield and quality of commercial parsnip products in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine." Plant varieties studying and protection 17, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.17.1.2021.228216.

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Purpose. To reveal features of formation of productivity and quality of commercial products of parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L.) depending on ways of application of growth regulator Bioglobin in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, analytical and statistical. Results. With the introduction of the growth regulator Bioglobin, the mass of a parsnip root increased from 207 to 249 g (control – 196 g). A large mass of roots – 244 and 249 g – was observed when processing seeds with Bioglobin (0.5 l/ha) + foliar fertilization in two stages and seed treatment with Bioglobin (0.5 l/ha) + foliar fertilization in three stages, which is higher than control (without treatment) for 48 and 53 g, or 20.4 and 27.0%, respectively. High yields of roots of parsnip cultivar ‘Stymul’ were obtained in 6 and 8 variants of the experiment – 53.5 and 54.7 t/ha, yield increase was 10.3 and 11.4 t/ha, or 23.8 and 26.4% in accordance. There is a strong relationship (r = 0.98 and 0.99) between yield and weight of parsnip root. Qualitative indicators of root crops (dry matter, amount of sugars and vitamin C) improved with increasing number of treatments with growth regulator Bioglobin. There is a tendency to decrease the concentration of nitrates in roots with increasing number of treatments with growth regulator. In general, the content of nitrate nitrogen in the roots in all variants of the experiment did not exceed the threshold limit value (TLV) (400 mg/kg of raw weight). Conclusions. An increase in the number of treatments for parsnip seeds and foliar application of the growth regulator Bioglobin ensured an increase in the mass of root crops, an increase in their yield, marketability and an improvement in the quality of commercial products. The highest yield – 54.7 t/ha of marketable root crops of parsnip variety ‘Stymul’ was obtained when processing seeds with Bioglobin (0.5 l/ha) + foliar feeding in three stages.

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Lafon, Audrey, and Claire Boulard. "Perioral phytophotodermatitis induced by parsnip mash." Contact Dermatitis 83, no. 4 (June 15, 2020): 318–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cod.13594.

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19

Stegelmeier, Bryan L., Steven M. Colegate, Edward L. Knoppel, Kerry A. Rood, and Mark G. Collett. "Wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa)-induced photosensitization." Toxicon 167 (September 2019): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.06.007.

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Garcia, Denise I., William Taylor Head, and Aaron P. Lesher. "Parsnip phytobezoar causing small bowel obstruction." Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports 47 (August 2019): 101227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsc.2019.101227.

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21

Cerkauskas, R. F. "Canker of Parsnip Caused byPhoma Complanata." Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 7, no. 2 (June 1985): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060668509501489.

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22

Boone, Kyle. "ParSNIP: Generative Models of Transient Light Curves with Physics-enabled Deep Learning." Astronomical Journal 162, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac2a2d.

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Abstract We present a novel method to produce empirical generative models of all kinds of astronomical transients from data sets of unlabeled light curves. Our hybrid model, which we call ParSNIP, uses a neural network to model the unknown intrinsic diversity of different transients and an explicit physics-based model of how light from the transient propagates through the universe and is observed. The ParSNIP model predicts the time-varying spectra of transients despite only being trained on photometric observations. With a three-dimensional intrinsic model, we are able to fit out-of-sample multiband light curves of many different kinds of transients with model uncertainties of 0.04–0.06 mag. The representation learned by the ParSNIP model is invariant to redshift, so it can be used to perform photometric classification of transients even with heavily biased training sets. Our classification techniques significantly outperform state-of-the-art methods on both simulated (PLAsTiCC) and real (PS1) data sets with 2.3× and 2× less contamination, respectively, for classification of Type Ia supernovae. We demonstrate how our model can identify previously unobserved kinds of transients and produce a sample that is 90% pure. The ParSNIP model can also estimate distances to Type Ia supernovae in the PS1 data set with an rms of 0.150 ± 0.007 mag compared to 0.155 ± 0.008 mag for the SALT2 model on the same sample. We discuss how our model could be used to produce distance estimates for supernova cosmology without the need for explicit classification.

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Triandafilov, A. F., B. A. Chernov, and E. V. Sheshunova. "Анализ состава липофильных веществ в соке борщевика Сосновского до и после электроразрядной кавитационной обработки." Vestnik APK Verhnevolzh`ia, no. 2(46) (June 30, 2019): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35694/yarcx.2019.46.2.013.

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Приведены результаты исследования экстрактов из фитомассы борщевика Сосновского до и после электроразрядной кавитационной обработки методами газовой хроматографии и хроматомассспектрометрии. Для аналитических исследований были использованы три образца сока борщевика: 1 контрольный без обработки 2 опытный (подвергнутый электроразрядной кавитационной обработке) 3 опытный (кавитация с последующим хранением в течение 10 месяцев в холодильной камере при температуре 5С). Установлено, что при кавитационном воздействии достигается селективная деструкция кумаринов и фуранокумаринов (ФК) с образованием ряда соединений как ароматического, так и неароматического строения, не характерных для нативного сока борщевика. В нативном соке растения идентифицированы из фуранокумаринов: метаксален, изопимпинеллин и ангецилин. При электроразрядной кавитационной обработке сока растения указанные фуранокумарины полностью деструктируют. Продуктами деструкции фуранокумаринов являются: 2фенилэтанол, 3фенилпропанол, 2гидрокси5метилацетофенол, бутандиол2,3, бензиловый спирт. Среди кислот в соке борщевика после электроразрядного кавитационного воздействия абсолютным доминатом являются 2гидроксипропионовая и янтарная кислоты. Содержание липидов, экстрагируемых хлороформом, в соке борщевика, подвергнутого электроразрядной кавитационной обработке, снижается на 3050. В зависимости от фазы развития растения, в которую собрано было растительное сырьё и условий обработки сока борщевика, компонентный состав органических веществ в конечном продукте может сильно варьировать, что подтверждается обнаружением робустовой кислоты во второй партии сока. Авторы считают целесообразным исследовать сок борщевика после электроразрядной кавитационной обработки в качестве стимулятора всхожести семян, роста растений и консерванта при заготовке силоса и сенажа.The results of the research of extracts from the phytomass of the Sosnovskys cow parsnip before and after the electric discharge cavitation processing with vapor phase chromatography and chromatographymass spectrometry methods are presented. For analytical researches three samples of sap of cow parsnip were used: 1 cheque sample without treatment 2 control sample (subjected to electric discharge cavitation processing) 3 control sample (cavitation followed by storage for 10 months in the refrigerator at 5C). It has been established that during cavitation selective destruction of coumarins and furanocoumarins (FC) is achieved with the formation of a number of compounds of both aromatic and nonaromatic structure which are not characteristic of the native sap of cow parsnip. In the native sap the plants are identified from furanocoumarins: metaxalen, isopimpinellin and angecilin. In the electric discharge cavitation treatment of the plant sap the indicated furancoumarins completely destruct. The products of destruction of furanocoumarins are 2phenylethanol, 3phenylpropanol, 2hydroxy5methylacetophenol, butanediol2,3, benzyl alcohol. Among the acids in the sap of cow parsnip after electrical discharge cavitation the absolute dominant is 2hydroxypropionic and amber acids. The content of lipids extracted by chloroform in the sap of cow parsnip subjected to electric discharge cavitation treatment is reduced by 3050. Depending on the phase of plant development in which plant material was harvested and the processing conditions of sap of cow parsnip the component composition of organic substances in the final product can vary greatly which is confirmed by the detection of robust acid in the second lot of sap. The authors consider it expedient to investigate the sap of cow parsnip after electrical discharge cavitation treatment as a stimulator of seed germination, plant growth and conservant in the preparation of silage and haylage.

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Komar, O. O., O. V. Shemetun, and V. O. Komar. "Photosynthetic activity of parsnip varieties in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine." Plant and Soil Science 11, no. 4 (2020): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/agr2020.04.087.

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Due to the intensification of production of parsnip, the question arises to clarify the elements of cultivation technology that should ensure its high productivity. The use of varietal plant resources is one of the most important parts of agriculture - the basis of economic and social development of the state. The most efficient and cost-effective is the widespread introduction of new varieties and hybrids with a genetically determined level of adaptation to the conditions of soil and climatic zones of their cultivation. The indicator of the dynamics of the formation of photosynthetic productivity is the basis of the yield of each crop. The purpose of the research was to study the dynamics of leaf surface formation in varieties of parsnip in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The studied cultivars of parsnip sowing formed a high area of active assimilation surface, the dynamics of which depends on the stage of organogenesis, soil and climatic conditions of the year and varietal characteristics. With the highest average for the growing season leaf area (49.0-49.6 thousand m2 on ha), photosynthetic potential (1.79-1.83 million m2 per day on ha) and net productivity of photosynthesis - 5.56 g on m2 per day) were characterized by varieties Stymul and Pulse in terms of other varieties. It is established that in order to obtain stably high yield (44.4-45.4 t on ha) and marketability of root crops (85-93%) in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine it is necessary to sow highly productive varieties of parsnip sowing Stymul and Pulse.

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Lombaert, Gary A., Karin H. Siemens, Peter Pellaers, Mohan Mankotia, and Winnie Ng. "Furanocoumarins in Celery and Parsnips: Method and Multiyear Canadian Survey." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 84, no. 4 (July 1, 2001): 1135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/84.4.1135.

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Abstract The natural occurrence of biologically active furanocoumarins in common vegetables is an area of increasing interest with respect to human health. In this study, an efficient, rugged, and sensitive liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet photodiode array detection was developed for the estimation of 5 biologically active furanocoumarins (psoralen, bergapten, xanthotoxin, trioxsalen, and angelicin) in celery and parsnips. When authentic samples were spiked with a mixture of furanocoumarins at individual levels of 2 to 10 μg/g, the method produced overall recoveries of 77 and 75%of all furanocoumarins from celery and parsnips, respectively. The method was applied in 2 laboratories to a multiyear survey of more than 200 samples. Of 110 parsnips samples, 109 (99%) contained quantitatable levels of furanocoumarins. The mean level of total furanocoumarins in the positive parsnip samples was 15.1 μg/g; the maximum level detected was 145 μg/g. Of 114 celery samples, 88 (77%) contained quantitatable levels of furanocoumarins. The mean level of total furanocoumarins in the positive celery samples was 1.9 μg/g; the maximum level detected was 15.2 μg/g. Xanthotoxin and bergapten were the most commonly detected furanocoumarins in both celery (68 and 63%) and parsnips (97 and 96%). Xanthotoxin had the highest mean level of positives in both celery (1.3 μg/g) and parsnips (8.5 μg/g). Little year-to-year variation in either total furanocoumarin levels or incidence was noted.

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Goyer, Claudia, and Carole Beaulieu. "Host Range of Streptomycete Strains Causing Common Scab." Plant Disease 81, no. 8 (August 1997): 901–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.8.901.

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Ten Streptomyces isolates from common scab lesions on carrots (Daucus carota) were characterized. Morphological and physiological characterization of the carrot isolates established that they were closely related to S. scabies. DNA-DNA hybridization studies were carried out between DNA from the carrot isolates and DNA from two potato strains belonging to the two genetic clusters of S. scabies. Most of the carrot isolates exhibited a high level of DNA relatedness (average of 90%) to strain EF-54, which belongs to genetic cluster 1 of S. scabies. Three carrot isolates could not be included in either S. scabies genetic cluster 1 or 2. The pathogenicity of six S. scabies isolates from potato or carrot, two isolates of S. caviscabies, and one isolate of S. acidiscabies was determined on potato, carrot, radish, beet, turnip, and parsnip. All S. scabies isolates were pathogenic on carrot and radish, but pathogenicity on beet, parsnip, turnip, and potato was variable. Even though S. acidiscabies and S. caviscabies until now have been isolated only from potato, we demonstrated that isolates of these species also could infect other crops, such as radish, carrot, parsnip, and turnip.

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Shattuck, V. I., and R. F. Cerkauskas. "Phoma complanata-resistant. UG-10 Parsnip Germplasm." HortScience 26, no. 3 (March 1991): 316–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.3.316.

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Sokolova, L. M., and M. I. Ivanova. "FUNGAL DISEASES ON PARSNIP (PASTINACA SATIVA L.)." AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES OF THE CENTRAL RUSSIA 8, no. 2 (June 2018): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2541-7835-2018-8-48-55.

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Cerkauskas, R. F., and B. D. McGarvey. "Fungicidal control of phoma canker of parsnip." Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 10, no. 3 (September 1988): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060668809501733.

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HEMIDA, S. K., and A. F. MURANT. "Particle properties of parsnip yellow fleck virus." Annals of Applied Biology 114, no. 1 (February 1989): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1989.tb06789.x.

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Pusik, Ludmila, Vlаdimir Pusik, Nina Lyubymova, Veronika Bondarenko, Artur Rozhkov, Oksana Sergienko, Sergey Denisenko, and Lidiya Kononenko. "STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE RIPENESS DEGREE OF PARSNIP ROOTS AND STORAGE METHOD ON THEIR PRESERVATION." EUREKA: Life Sciences 1 (January 31, 2019): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2019.00838.

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Sowing parsnip is recommended to be harvested in the stage of technical ripeness that takes place in 120–150 days after sprouts. A ripeness degree cannot be determined by a root size, because in this case planting conditions and agrotechnique play an important role. The aim of the research was to analyze the influence of a vegetation period duration of different sorts of sowing parsnip on formation of chemical composition components and roots preservation to determine the dependence between the content of dry soluble substances and one of dry substances, sugars, saccharose, reducing sugars, ascorbic acid. The research gives a possibility to get roots with the maximal content of chemical composition components and long storage period. There has been studied the influence of a vegetation period duration of different sorts of sowing parsnip on formation of chemical composition components and roots preservation. The dependence between the content of dry soluble substances and one of dry substances, sugars, saccharose, reducing sugars, ascorbic acid has been determined. The research has been conducted with parsnip roots of sowing sort Petrik, Student, Boris. There has been studied the influence of a ripeness degree (vegetation period duration) on a quality and preservation of parsnip roots. Parsnip roots of the sowing sorts Student and Boris are characterized by the most content of the dry substance 27,1–25,4 %, and content of the total sugar 5,7–5,4 %, high content of vitamin С 10,2–10,1 mg/100 g. It has been established, that the studied sorts are not inclined to nitrates accumulation, their content varies from 60 to 80 mg/kg and is lower than the maximally permitted level (MPL 250 mg/kg). There has been established the direct strong connection between the content of the dry substance and sugars content (r=0,98), nitrates content (r=0,80) and the middle content with the testing mark (r=–0,54) and vitamin С (r=0,57). The dry soluble substance content has the direct strong connection with the sugars content (r=0,99), nitrates content (r=0,78) and middle connection with the content of vitamin С (r=0,46) and reverse middle connection with the testing mark (r=–0,52). The reverse middle connection exists between the sugars content and the testing mark (r=–0,52) and the direct strong connection with nitrates content (r=0,84), middle connection with the content of vitamin C (r=0,48). At storage of roots the loss of the mass of dry substances is from 11,5 % at storage in an open box to 6,2 – in a polyethylene film. The most changes take place in saccharose and monosaccharides, 36,6 and 33,0 % respectively. The content of vitamin C decreases by 30 % at storage in an open box and by 10 % in a polyethylene film. The vegetation period duration as 150 days is characterized by the lower sugars content, but at that the ratio saccharose: monosacharides – the most. There has been offered the method of determining the ripeness degree of parsnip roots by the saccharose content. At the technical ripeness the amount of saccharose is 72–75 % of the total amount of sugars. The optimal ripeness is characterized by deceleration of growing processes, decrease of saccharose accumulation rates, the most ratio of the roots mass to the one of leaves and saccharose to monosugars. The method of roots storage with p. e. film decreases losses of nutrients of roots and increases the storage duration.

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Bukharov, A. F., and N. A. Eremina. "INFLUENCE OF VARIETAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF PARSNIP SEEDS." AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES OF THE CENTRAL RUSSIA 2, no. 21 (June 2021): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2541-7835-2021-20-47-57.

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In 2016-2019, the All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences-conducted studies of parsnip seeds of the Kulinar and Round varieties grown in the open ground in the conditions of the Moscow region. The length of each seed, endosperm, and germ was analyzed sequentially. The average values of the parameters, the coefficient of variation, the significance of differences be-tween the variants, the contribution of factors and the relationship between the parameters were calculated using the Pearson coefficient. Since a significant part of the variability of the morpho-metric parameters of parsnip seeds is hereditary, and there is a real possibility of their selective improvement.

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Nikolić, Nada Č., Miodrag M. Lazić, Ivana T. Karabegović, Gordana S. Stojanović, and Zoran B. Todorović. "A Characterization of Content, Composition and Scavenging Capacity of Phenolic Compounds in Parsnip Roots of Various Weight." Natural Product Communications 9, no. 6 (June 2014): 1934578X1400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400900620.

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The contents, composition and radical scavenging capacity of phenolic compounds from parsnips of various root weights grown in Serbia were examined. The content of phenolic compounds depended on root size, and the highest content was in the group where the samples with the lowest root size were grouped. The content of phenolic compounds varied from 109.7 to 125.3 μmol of chlorogenic acid per g dry extract, i.e.5470.8 to 6245.1 mg per kg fresh weight. Among the identified compounds were quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin and genkwanin glucosides and hydroxycinnamic and caffeoylshikimic acids. The highest antioxidant capacity was found for the group with the lowest root weight; the IC50 values ranged from 1.59 to 2.49 mg mL–1. There was positive correlation between the total phenolic content and scavenging capacity, and the kaempferol glucosides content could be an indicator of DPPH scavenging capacity of parsnip roots.

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Hamor, A., N. Sadovska, and H. Popovych. "Growth, yield and preservation of parsnip roots for cultivation in the foothills of Transcarpathia." Agrobìologìâ, no. 2(167) (December 9, 2021): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2021-167-2-22-32.

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Parsnip is a valuable vegetable crop. Its roots are used in various sectors of the economy due to its rich chemical composition. But the area under the crop is insignifcant. Despite the signifcant number of scientifc publications, the issue of parsnip growth in the conditions of Transcarpathiahas not been explored. Therefore, the aim of our research was to study the processes of growth and development, yield and preservation of parsnip roots for cultivation in soil and climatic conditions of the foothills of Transcarpathia. When studying the phenology of varieties, it was noted that the period from the emergence of seedlings to the formation of a rosette of leaves was the shortest in the variety of Hungarian selection Felhosszu and lasted 31 days. The shortest interphase period "rosette formation – root formation", which lasted 41 days, was recorded on the variant with the variety of German selection Boris. The study of the biometric parameters of the rosette of parsnip leaves showed that its height and diameter are dominated by the Felhosszu variety – 69.8 and 38.4 cm, respectively. The number of leaves in the rosette (6.4 pcs.) was the maximum in the Borisvariety. The standard variety Petryk was distinguished by its length (26.8 cm), diameter (4.9 cm) and weight of root crops (158.8 g). This variety formed the highest yield – 56.7 t/ ha, within which 90.3 % were marketable products. The Boris variety formed a marketable harvest at the level of 45.9, and Felhosszu – 44.9 t/ha, which was 87.4 and 82.8 % of the total harvest, respectively. To study the best way to preserve products, we used three methods of storage: bulk in boxes, unwashed and washed in plastic bags. Maximum weight loss was observed during storage of root crops in bulk in boxes. They ranged from 6.2 to 6.7 %. The largest share of the mass was lost by the food organs of the German selection variety. But these losses in different storage methods were distributed unevenly over time. At the beginning of storage they were high enough, by January-February they sharply decreased, and further grew again. Among the methods of storing roots, the best one was to store them unwashed in plastic bags. In this way, the yield of marketable roots after long-term storage from late October to late May ranged from 92.8 to 93.6 % and was highest in the Petryk variety . This variety gave the highest yield of marketable roots and for their preservation in bulk in boxes and washed in plastic bags. Key words: parsnip, phenophases, biometric parameters, roots, yield, safety.

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Cerkauskas, R. F. "Phoma canker severity and yield losses in parsnip." Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 9, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060668709501863.

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Aberer, W. "Occupational dermatitis from organically grown parsnip (Pastinaca sativaL.)." Contact Dermatitis 26, no. 1 (January 1992): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00880.x.

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Pedersen, Niels Bang, and Ulla-Britt Plá Arles. "Phototoxic reaction to parsnip and UV-A sunbed." Contact Dermatitis 39, no. 2 (August 1998): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05851.x.

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38

LISIEWSKA, Z., P. GEBCZYNSKI, and J. SLUPSKI. "Effect of processing and cooking on total and soluble oxalate content in frozen root vegetables prepared for consumption." Agricultural and Food Science 20, no. 4 (January 4, 2011): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.6027.

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The oxalate content of beetroot, carrot, celeriac and parsnip after freezing by traditional and modified methods (the latter resulting in a convenience food product), and after the preparation of frozen products for consumption was evaluated. The highest content of total and soluble oxalates (105 and 82 mg 100 g-1 fresh matter) was found in beetroot. The lowest proportion (55%) of soluble oxalates was noted in celeriac; this proportion was higher in the remaining vegetables, being broadly similar for each of them. Blanching brought about a significant decrease in total and soluble oxalates in fresh vegetables. Cooking resulted in a higher loss of oxalates. The level of oxalates in products prepared for consumption directly after freezing approximated that before freezing. Compared with the content before freezing, vegetables prepared for consumption by cooking after frozen storage contained less oxalates, except for total oxalates in parsnip and soluble oxalates in beetroot and celeriac. The highest ratio of oxalates to calcium was found in raw beetroot; it was two times lower in raw carrot; five times lower in raw celeriac; and eight times lower in raw parsnip. These ratios were lower after technological and culinary processing. The percentage of oxalate bound calcium depended on the species; this parameter was not significantly affected by the procedures applied. The true retention of oxalates according to Judprasong et al. (2006) was lower than retention calculated taking its content in 100 g fresh matter into account.;

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Zelenkov, Valeriy Nikolayevich, Mariya Ivanovna Ivanova, Anatoliy Andreyevich Lapin, and Vyacheslav Vasil'yevich Latushkin. "ELEMTNTAL COMPOSITION OF SEEDS OF APIACEAE." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (March 10, 2022): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2022018478.

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The aim of the research is to study the quantitative content of macro- and micronutrients in the seeds of the Celery family. In the work using the method of X-ray fluorescence analysis, the elemental composition of the seeds of celery crops - carrots, parsley, celery, coriander and parsnip was studied. Individual profiles were compiled (series on the accumulation of macro- and microelements) and their similarity was noted for most elements, which indicates a common metabolic process in plants of related species. Of the macrocells in the seeds of the studied species, Ca and K, as well as P, Mg, S, accumulate in the maximum amount, and of the trace elements Fe, Zn, Mn. Differences in the accumulation of elements in different cultures depended on the type of macro- or microelement. The types of accumulation of Ca, P, K, Zn, Pb, Ni, Zr are relatively weak in types, and the concentrations of Si, Na, Al, Br, Ti Sr, and Fe are most variable in cultures. Significant accumulation of Si in parsnip seeds was noted which is not typical for other studied species. In general, parsnip seeds have the richest set of macro- and microelements in comparison with other celery crops. The seed samples analyzed had a wide variety in the mineral composition. Numerous variations among species belonging to the same family are probably due to individual genetic structure, as well as different growing conditions.

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Zelenkov, Valeriy Nikolayevich, Mariya Ivanovna Ivanova, Anatoliy Andreyevich Lapin, and Vyacheslav Vasil'yevich Latushkin. "ELEMTNTAL COMPOSITION OF SEEDS OF APIACEAE." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (March 10, 2022): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2022018478.

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The aim of the research is to study the quantitative content of macro- and micronutrients in the seeds of the Celery family. In the work using the method of X-ray fluorescence analysis, the elemental composition of the seeds of celery crops - carrots, parsley, celery, coriander and parsnip was studied. Individual profiles were compiled (series on the accumulation of macro- and microelements) and their similarity was noted for most elements, which indicates a common metabolic process in plants of related species. Of the macrocells in the seeds of the studied species, Ca and K, as well as P, Mg, S, accumulate in the maximum amount, and of the trace elements Fe, Zn, Mn. Differences in the accumulation of elements in different cultures depended on the type of macro- or microelement. The types of accumulation of Ca, P, K, Zn, Pb, Ni, Zr are relatively weak in types, and the concentrations of Si, Na, Al, Br, Ti Sr, and Fe are most variable in cultures. Significant accumulation of Si in parsnip seeds was noted which is not typical for other studied species. In general, parsnip seeds have the richest set of macro- and microelements in comparison with other celery crops. The seed samples analyzed had a wide variety in the mineral composition. Numerous variations among species belonging to the same family are probably due to individual genetic structure, as well as different growing conditions.

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Furness, N. H., A. Upadhyaya, and M. K. Upadhyaya. "Comparison of Three Nondestructive Methods for Determination of Vegetable Surface Area." HortScience 37, no. 3 (June 2002): 550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.3.550.

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Surface areas of differently shaped vegetables, namely beet (Beta vulgaris L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.), and parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L.) were determined by Baugerod's (a linear) method, a shrink-wrap replica method, and image analysis. Values obtained using these methods did not differ significantly for carrots and beets. Surface area values obtained using image analysis were higher than those obtained by Baugerod's method for parsnips (by 23.5%), and higher than Baugerod's and shrink-wrap replica methods for cucumbers (by 11.3% and 12.6%, respectively). A method was considered reproducible if surface area values from five measurements on the same product did not differ significantly (P ≤ 0.05). Surface area values for an individual product varied in the range of 4.7% for Baugerod's method for parsnips, and 6.6% for the shrink wrap replica method for carrots. No significant variation was observed for any of the vegetables when repeated measurements were made using the image analysis method. Image analysis offers rapidity, lack of adverse effect on produce, and the ability to collect and analyze data simultaneously. However, in absence of the necessary equipment for image analysis, Baugerod's method may be used for a product symmetrical around its central axis, after comparing it with a more direct procedure (e.g., shrink-wrap replica method).

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42

Popović, Tatjana, Aleksandra Jelušić, Ivica Dimkić, Slaviša Stanković, Dobrivoj Poštić, Goran Aleksić, and Sonja Veljović Jovanović. "Molecular Characterization of Pseudomonas syringae pv. coriandricola and Biochemical Changes Attributable to the Pathological Response on Its Hosts Carrot, Parsley, and Parsnip." Plant Disease 103, no. 12 (December 2019): 3072–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-19-0674-re.

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Bacterial leaf spot caused by the plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. coriandricola (Psc) was observed on carrot, parsnip, and parsley grown on a vegetable farm in the Vojvodina Province of Serbia. Nonfluorescent bacterial colonies were isolated from diseased leaves and characterized using different molecular techniques. Repetitive element PCR fingerprinting with five oligonucleotide primers (BOX, ERIC, GTG5, REP, and SERE) and the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR with the M13 primer revealed identical fingerprint patterns for all tested strains. Multilocus sequence analysis of four housekeeping genes (gapA, gltA, gyrB, and rpoD) showed a high degree (99.8 to 100%) of homology with sequences of Psc strains deposited in the Plant-Associated Microbes Database and NCBI database. The tested strains caused bacterial leaf spot symptoms on all three host plants. Host-strain specificity was not found in cross-pathogenicity tests, but the plant response (peroxidase induction and chlorophyll bleaching) was more pronounced in carrot and parsley than in parsnip.

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Shattuck, V. I., Y. Kakuda, and R. Yada. "Sweetening of Parsnip Roots During Short-Term Cold Storage." Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal 22, no. 4 (October 1989): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0315-5463(89)70432-6.

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Cerkauskas, R. F. "Susceptibility of parsnip cultivars to canker caused byPhoma complanata." Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 8, no. 4 (December 1986): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060668609501787.

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45

Zangerl, Arthur R., and May R. Berenbaum. "Furanocoumarin Induction in Wild Parsnip: Genetics and Population Variation." Ecology 71, no. 5 (October 1990): 1933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1937601.

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46

SHEPPARD, S. C., and B. B. CHUBEY. "RADIATION HORMESIS OF FIELD-SEEDED BROCCOLI, PARSNIP AND CAULIFLOWER." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-044.

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Very low doses of irradiation have been reported to cause stimulatory or hormesis effects on plants. Irradiating the seed has been reported to improve emergence, and this would be a benefit for valuable, field-seeded crops. Over 3 yr, irradiation significantly increased the first emergence counts of broccoli, by about twofold, and the time to 50% of final emergence was advanced by about 1 d. In 1 yr trials, 50% of final emergence was advanced by 3 d for parsnip, but there was no effect for cauliflower. After emergence was complete, all plots were thinned and there were seldom any significant hormesis effects on yield parameters.Key words: X-ray, emergence, vigor, ionizing radiation, cole crop

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Berenbaum, May R., and Keywan Lee. "Toxicity of nonhost phototoxins to parsnip webworms(Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae)." Chemoecology 1, no. 3-4 (December 1990): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01241647.

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48

Lohman, D. J., A. R. Zangerl, and M. R. Berenbaum. "Impact of Floral Herbivory by Parsnip Webworm (Oecophoridae: Depressaria pastinacella Duponchel) on Pollination and Fitness of Wild Parsnip (Apiaceae: Pastinaca sativa L.)." American Midland Naturalist 136, no. 2 (October 1996): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2426744.

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49

Popović, T., Ž. Ivanović, M. Ignjatov, and D. Milošević. "First Report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. coriandricola Causing Bacterial Leaf Spot on Carrot, Parsley, and Parsnip in Serbia." Plant Disease 99, no. 3 (March 2015): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-14-1041-pdn.

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During the spring of 2014, a severe leaf spot disease was observed on carrot (Daucus carota), parsley (Petroselinum crispum), and parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) on a 0.5-ha vegetable farm in Vojvodina Province, Serbia. The disease appeared under wet and cool conditions with 5 to 25% of plants infected for each of the three crops. Symptoms were characterized as brown angular leaf spots, ~2 mm in diameter, often limited by veins. Collected symptomatic leaves were rinsed and dried at room temperature, and leaf sections taken from the margin of necrotic tissue were macerated in sterile phosphate buffer and streaked onto nutrient agar with 5% (w/v) sucrose (NAS). After isolation, whitish, circular, dome-shaped, Levan-positive colonies consistently formed. Five strains from each host (carrot, parsley, and parsnip) were used for further study. Strains were gram-negative, aerobic, and positive for catalase and tobacco hypersensitive reaction but negative for oxidase, rot of potato slices, and arginine dihydrolase. These reactions corresponded to LOPAT group Ia, which includes Pseudomonas syringae pathovars (3). Repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence (Rep)-PCR fingerprint profiles using the REP, ERIC, and BOX primers (4) were identical for all strains. Sequence typing of the housekeeping genes gyrB and rpoD (1) was performed for three representative strains (one from each host). Sequences were deposited in the NCBI GenBank database as accessions KM979434 to KM979436 (strains from carrot, parsnip, and parsley, respectively) for the gyrB gene and KM979437 to KM979439 (strains from parsnip, parsley and carrot, respectively) for the rpoD gene. Sequences were compared with pathotype strain Pseudomonas syringae pv. coriandricola ICMP12471 deposited in the Plant Associated and Environmental Microbes Database ( http://genome.ppws.vt.edu/cgi-bin/MLST/home.pl ). BLAST analysis revealed 100% homology for gyrB and 99% homology for rpoD. Pathogenicity was tested with five representative strains from each host on four-week-old plants of carrot (cv. Nantes), parsley (cv. NS Molski), and parsnip (cv. Dugi beli glatki) using two methods: spraying the bacterial suspension (108 CFU ml−1) on the leaves until runoff (5) and injecting the bacterial suspension into leaves with a hypodermic syringe (2). Four plants were used per strain and method. Sterile distilled water was applied as a negative control treatment for each plant species. All plants were kept in a mist room with 100% humidity for 4 h, then transferred to a greenhouse at 25°C and 80% relative humidity and examined for symptom development over a period of three weeks. For all strains, inoculated leaves first developed water-soaked lesions on the leaves 5 to 7 days after inoculation (DAI); 14 DAI lesions became dark brown, often surrounded by haloes. No symptoms were observed on control plants inoculated with sterile distilled water. For fulfillment of Koch's postulates, re-isolations were done onto NAS. Re-isolated bacteria were obtained from each inoculated host and confirmed to be identical to the original isolates using the LOPAT tests and Rep-PCR fingerprinting profiles. Based on the pathogenicity test accompanied by completion of Koch's postulates, sequence analysis, and bacteriological tests, the strains were identified as P. s. pv. coriandricola. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bacterial leaf spot of carrot, parsley, and parsnip in Serbia. It may present a threat to production due to quality requirements for fresh market. References: (1) P. Ferrente and M. Scortichini. Plant Pathol. 59:954, 2010. (2) M. Gupta et al. Plant Dis. 97:418, 2013. (3) R. A. Lelliott et al. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 29:470, 1966. (4) F. J. Louws et al. Appl. Environ. Microb. 60:2286, 1994. (5) X. Xu and S. A. Miller. Plant Dis. 97:988, 2013.

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Stanković, Ivana, and Branka Krstić. "Virus diseases of Apiaceae." Biljni lekar 48, no. 6 (2020): 567–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2006567s.

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The Apiaceae are a large plant family consisting of approximately 250 genera and over 3,000 species grown worldwide. Its representative vegetables are carrot, parsley, parsnip and celery, as well as some wellknown spice plants such as fennel, anise, caraway, dill, and coriander. Their production is imperiled by numerous pathogens, among which viruses are of great importance. Globally more than 30 viruses are known to affect carrot and other plant species belonging to family Apiaceae. The principal viruses are: Celery mosaic virus (CeMV), Parsnip yellow fleck virus, (PYFV), Carrot red leaf virus (CtRLV) and Carrot mottle virus (CMoV). In Serbia, three viruses are present on carrot and celery: CeMV, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV). The economic importance of viruses infecting umbelliferous has long been recognised due to the foliar symptoms and viral dieback of seedlings. These viruses affect carrot crops only sporadically, but when they do occur they can be devastating. Other umbelliferous viruses are known to occur worlwide, however, their effects are not clear.

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