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Gonzalez-Garcia, Abel. "Image context for object detection, object context for part detection." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28842.
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Objects and parts are crucial elements for achieving automatic image understanding. The goal of the object detection task is to recognize and localize all the objects in an image. Similarly, semantic part detection attempts to recognize and localize the object parts. This thesis proposes four contributions. The first two make object detection more efficient by using active search strategies guided by image context. The last two involve parts. One of them explores the emergence of parts in neural networks trained for object detection, whereas the other improves on part detection by adding object context. First, we present an active search strategy for efficient object class detection. Modern object detectors evaluate a large set of windows using a window classifier. Instead, our search sequentially chooses what window to evaluate next based on all the information gathered before. This results in a significant reduction on the number of necessary window evaluations to detect the objects in the image. We guide our search strategy using image context and the score of the classifier. In our second contribution, we extend this active search to jointly detect pairs of object classes that appear close in the image, exploiting the valuable information that one class can provide about the location of the other. This leads to an even further reduction on the number of necessary evaluations for the smaller, more challenging classes. In the third contribution of this thesis, we study whether semantic parts emerge in Convolutional Neural Networks trained for different visual recognition tasks, especially object detection. We perform two quantitative analyses that provide a deeper understanding of their internal representation by investigating the responses of the network filters. Moreover, we explore several connections between discriminative power and semantics, which provides further insights on the role of semantic parts in the network. Finally, the last contribution is a part detection approach that exploits object context. We complement part appearance with the object appearance, its class, and the expected relative location of the parts inside it. We significantly outperform approaches that use part appearance alone in this challenging task.
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Carlsson, Anders. "Object oriented databases : a natural part of object oriented software development?" Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik och datavetenskap, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5824.
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The technology of object oriented databases was introduced to system developers in the late 1980?s. Despite that it is rarely used today. This thesis introduces the concept of object oriented databases as the purposed solution to the problems that exist with the use of relational databases. The thesis points to the advantages with storing the application objects in the database without disassembling them to fit a relational data model. Based on that advantages and the cost of introducing such a rarely used technology into a project, a guideline for when to use object oriented databases and when to use relational databases is given.anders@actk.net
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Sa, Ting. "Object Similarity through Correlated Third-Party Objects." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1219284798.
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McSherry, Dominic. "Part-whole interaction in the recognition of meaningful parts in generic objects." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287362.
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Modolo, Davide. "Advances in detecting object classes and their semantic parts." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23472.
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Object classes are central to computer vision and have been the focus of substantial research in the last fifteen years. This thesis addresses the tasks of localizing entire objects in images (object class detection) and localizing their semantic parts (part detection). We present four contributions, two for each task. The first two improve existing object class detection techniques by using context and calibration. The other two contributions explore semantic part detection in weakly-supervised settings. First, the thesis presents a technique for predicting properties of objects in an image based on its global appearance only. We demonstrate the method by predicting three properties: aspect of appearance, location in the image and class membership. Overall, the technique makes multi-component object detectors faster and improves their performance. The second contribution is a method for calibrating the popular Ensemble of Exemplar- SVM object detector. Unlike the standard approach, which calibrates each Exemplar- SVM independently, our technique optimizes their joint performance as an ensemble. We devise an efficient optimization algorithm to find the global optimal solution of the calibration problem. This leads to better object detection performance compared to using independent calibration. The third innovation is a technique to train part-based model of object classes using data sourced from the web. We learn rich models incrementally. Our models encompass the appearance of parts and their spatial arrangement on the object, specific to each viewpoint. Importantly, it does not require any part location annotation, which is one of the main limits to training many part detectors. Finally, the last contribution is a study on whether semantic object parts emerge in Convolutional Neural Networks trained for higher-level tasks, such as image classification. While previous efforts studied this matter by visual inspection only, we perform an extensive quantitative analysis based on ground-truth part location annotations. This provides a more conclusive answer to the question.
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Giró, i. Nieto Xavier. "Part-based object retrieval with binary partition trees." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/108909.
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This thesis addresses the problem of visual object retrieval, where a user formulates a query to an image database by providing one or multiple examples of an object of interest. The presented techniques aim both at finding those images in the database that contain the object as well as locating the object in the image and segmenting it from the background.
Every considered image, both the ones used as queries and the ones contained in the target database, is represented as a Binary Partition Tree (BPT), the hierarchy of regions previously proposed by Salembier and Garrido (2000). This data structure offers multiple opportunities and challenges when applied to the object retrieval problem.
A first application of BPTs appears during the formulation of the query, when the user must interactively segment the query object from the background. Firstly, the BPT can assist in adjusting an initial marker, such as a scribble or bounding box, to the object contours. Secondly, BPT can also define a navigation path for the user to adjust an initial selection to the appropriate spatial scale.
The hierarchical structure of the BPT is also exploited to extract a new type of visual words named Hierarchical Bag of Regions (HBoR). Each region defined in the BPT is described with a feature vector that combines a soft quantization on a visual codebook with an efficient bottom-up computation through the BPT. These descriptors allow the definition of a novel feature space, the Parts Space, where each object is located according to the parts that compose it.
HBoR descriptors have been applied to two scenarios for object retrieval, both of them solved by considering the decomposition of the objects in parts. In the first scenario, the query is formulated with a single object exemplar which is to be matched with each BPT in the target database. The matching problem is solved in two stages: an initial top-down one that assumes that the hierarchy from the query is respected in the target BPT, and a second bottom-up one that relaxes this condition and considers region merges which are not in the target BPT.
The second scenario where HBoR descriptors are applied considers a query composed of several visual objects. In this case, the provided exemplars are considered as a training set to build a model of the query concept. This model is composed of two levels, a first one where each part is modelled and detected separately, and a second one that characterises the combinations of parts that describe the complete object. The analysis process exploits the hierarchical nature of the BPT by using a novel classifier that drives an efficient top-down analysis of the target BPTs.
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Noé, Estelle. "3D layered articulated object from a single 2D drawing." Thesis, KTH, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-216943.
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Modeling articulated objects made of rigid layered parts used to populate 3D scenes in video games or movie production is a complex and time-consuming task for digital artists. This work proposes a sketch-based approach to efficiently model 3D layered articulated objects, such as animals with rigid shells and armors, in annotating a single 2D photo manually, and eventually fabricate it from automatically computed 2D patterns. In considering symmetrical objects seen under a 3/4 view, and an- notating salient features such as extremities of the rigid articulated parts as a mix of circular and Bézier curve, this approach is able to retrieve depth information, hidden parts, and rotation-articulated structure. The resulting shape consists of a set of quadrangulated polygons that may be flattened in 2D. Details such as ears, tails, and legs were further models using dedicated annotations. The accuracy of the reconstruction has been validated on synthetic cylindrical examples, and its ro- bustness in reconstructing a 3D model of armor, armadillo, and shrimp. The latter was finally fabricated using paper.Att modellera artikulerade objekt gjorda av styva delar lagda i lager som används till att fylla 3D-scener i datorspel och filmskapande är en komplex och tidsödande uppgift för digitala konstnärer. Den här undersökningen föreslår ett skiss-baserat tillvägagångssätt att effektivt modellera artikulerade 3D-objekt lagda i lager, såsom djur med styva skal och rustning, i att annotera ett 2D-foto manuellt, och eventuellt skapa det från automatiskt beräknade 2D-mönster. Hänsyn är tagen till symmetriska objekt sedda under en 3/4 vy, och annotera framträdande egenskapersåsom extremiteter av de styva artikulerade delarna som en blandning avcirkulära och Bézier-kurvor, kan det här tillvägagångssättet hämta information om djup, gömda delar och rotations-artikulerade strukturer. Den slutliga formen består av ett set av fyrsidiga polygoner som kan bli tillplattade i 2D. Detaljer såsom öron, svansar och ben där framtida modeller använder dedikerade annotationer. Noggrannheten av rekonstruktionen har blivit validerad på syntetiska cylindriska exempeloch dess robusthet i att rekonstruera en 3D-modell av en rustning, ett bältdjur och en räka. Den senare skapades slutligen med hjälp av papper.
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Tang, Yuxing. "Weakly supervised learning of deformable part models and convolutional neural networks for object detection." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC062/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons au problème de la détection d’objets faiblement supervisée. Le but est de reconnaître et de localiser des objets dans les images, n’ayant à notre disposition durant la phase d’apprentissage que des images partiellement annotées au niveau des objets. Pour cela, nous avons proposé deux méthodes basées sur des modèles différents. Pour la première méthode, nous avons proposé une amélioration de l’approche ”Deformable Part-based Models” (DPM) faiblement supervisée, en insistant sur l’importance de la position et de la taille du filtre racine initial spécifique à la classe. Tout d’abord, un ensemble de candidats est calculé, ceux-ci représentant les positions possibles de l’objet pour le filtre racine initial, en se basant sur une mesure générique d’objectness (par region proposals) pour combiner les régions les plus saillantes et potentiellement de bonne qualité. Ensuite, nous avons proposé l’apprentissage du label des classes latentes de chaque candidat comme un problème de classification binaire, en entrainant des classifieurs spécifiques pour chaque catégorie afin de prédire si les candidats sont potentiellement des objets cible ou non. De plus, nous avons amélioré la détection en incorporant l’information contextuelle à partir des scores de classification de l’image. Enfin, nous avons élaboré une procédure de post-traitement permettant d’élargir et de contracter les régions fournies par le DPM afin de les adapter efficacement à la taille de l’objet, augmentant ainsi la précision finale de la détection. Pour la seconde approche, nous avons étudié dans quelle mesure l’information tirée des objets similaires d’un point de vue visuel et sémantique pouvait être utilisée pour transformer un classifieur d’images en détecteur d’objets d’une manière semi-supervisée sur un large ensemble de données, pour lequel seul un sous-ensemble des catégories d’objets est annoté avec des boîtes englobantes nécessaires pour l’apprentissage des détecteurs. Nous avons proposé de transformer des classifieurs d’images basés sur des réseaux convolutionnels profonds (Deep CNN) en détecteurs d’objets en modélisant les différences entre les deux en considérant des catégories disposant à la fois de l’annotation au niveau de l’image globale et l’annotation au niveau des boîtes englobantes. Cette information de différence est ensuite transférée aux catégories sans annotation au niveau des boîtes englobantes, permettant ainsi la conversion de classifieurs d’images en détecteurs d’objets. Nos approches ont été évaluées sur plusieurs jeux de données tels que PASCAL VOC, ImageNet ILSVRC et Microsoft COCO. Ces expérimentations ont démontré que nos approches permettent d’obtenir des résultats comparables à ceux de l’état de l’art et qu’une amélioration significative a pu être obtenue par rapport à des méthodes récentes de détection d’objets faiblement superviséesIn this dissertation we address the problem of weakly supervised object detection, wherein the goal is to recognize and localize objects in weakly-labeled images where object-level annotations are incomplete during training. To this end, we propose two methods which learn two different models for the objects of interest. In our first method, we propose a model enhancing the weakly supervised Deformable Part-based Models (DPMs) by emphasizing the importance of location and size of the initial class-specific root filter. We first compute a candidate pool that represents the potential locations of the object as this root filter estimate, by exploring the generic objectness measurement (region proposals) to combine the most salient regions and “good” region proposals. We then propose learning of the latent class label of each candidate window as a binary classification problem, by training category-specific classifiers used to coarsely classify a candidate window into either a target object or a non-target class. Furthermore, we improve detection by incorporating the contextual information from image classification scores. Finally, we design a flexible enlarging-and-shrinking post-processing procedure to modify the DPMs outputs, which can effectively match the approximate object aspect ratios and further improve final accuracy. Second, we investigate how knowledge about object similarities from both visual and semantic domains can be transferred to adapt an image classifier to an object detector in a semi-supervised setting on a large-scale database, where a subset of object categories are annotated with bounding boxes. We propose to transform deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)-based image-level classifiers into object detectors by modeling the differences between the two on categories with both image-level and bounding box annotations, and transferring this information to convert classifiers to detectors for categories without bounding box annotations. We have evaluated both our approaches extensively on several challenging detection benchmarks, e.g. , PASCAL VOC, ImageNet ILSVRC and Microsoft COCO. Both our approaches compare favorably to the state-of-the-art and show significant improvement over several other recent weakly supervised detection methods
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Asbach, Mark [Verfasser]. "Modeling for part-based visual object detection based on local features / Mark Asbach." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1021938211/34.
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Yao, Suqin. "Computer-Aided Manufacturing Planning (CAMP)of Mass Customization for Non-rotational Part Production." Link to electronic dissertation, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-1216103-153523/.
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Dissertation (Ph.D.) -- Worcester Polytechnic Institute.Keywords: Computer aided manufacturing planning; Object-oriented systems analysis (OSA); Feature; manufacturing resource capability; setup planning; multi-part fixture Includes bibliographical references (p.146-154).
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Sunkel, Martin [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Wand. "Statistical part-based models for object detection in large 3D scans / Martin Sunkel. Betreuer: Michael Wand." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1053634978/34.
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Tsiatsios, Georgios. "Deep Learning for Object Detection and Retrieval with Intel's NCS - as part of Autonomous Wheelchair Navigation." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-176202.
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Deep Learning is one of the most approved research trends currently and has brought revolutionary advances in several computer vision applications. Its versatility and robustness motivated us to develop a project which consists of real-time object detection and object retrieval, as part of autonomous wheelchair navigation. Intel's Neural Compute Stick, an edge device was utilized for speeding up inferences. A two-type classification scheme was proposed where firstly, object detection is performed for general class detection and classification followed by Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) for object recognition. The aims of this project is to evaluate the effectiveness CBIRsystem combined with deep learning, to tackle several challenges that appear in real-life scenarios, such as camera motion blur, occluded objects, changing size of objects and similar objects and finally, if the use of Transfer Learning and Finetuning for CBIR can provide sufficient results when hardware resources are limited. The object detection part is evaluated with Precision-Recall Curves where an mAPof 75.15% was achieved across three general classes and the CBIR system is assessed with Precision@K measurements and a convincing mean mAP of 89.43% was reached across six speciffic classes.
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Schels, Johannes [Verfasser], and Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Lienhart. "Object Class Detection Using Part-Based Models Trained from Synthetically Generated Images / Johannes Schels. Betreuer: Rainer Lienhart." Augsburg : Universität Augsburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1077702655/34.
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Narayanan, Sundaram. "Design and development of an object-oriented architecture for modeling and simulation of discrete-part manufacturing systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24374.
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Guimaraes, Jose de Oliveira. "Filtros para objetos." Universidade de São Paulo, 1996. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-26112008-132940/.
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Esta tese propõe cinco construções para linguagens orientadas a objetos. Algumas delas podem ser implementadas por meio de pré-processadores. Estas construções são: visão de classe, adaptador, extensão de classe, Shell dinâmico e extensão dinâmica. Todas elas são baseadas no conceito de filtro, que e um objeto que intercepta as mensagens enviadas a um outro objeto. Visão de classe permite corrigir interpretações incorretas da semântica de uma classe no código de outras classes. Um filtro é usado para traduzir as mensagens para o significado correto. Adaptadores permitem mudar o tipo de um objeto através de um filtro e são usados para acoplar classes que, de outra forma, seriam incompatíveis quanto a tipos. Extensão de classe permite adicionar métodos e variáveis de instancia a classes sem a necessidade de edição do código fonte destas. Shell dinâmico e extensão dinâmica possuem algumas das características de meta-objetos e meta-classes, respectivamente. Eles formam um modelo reflexivo estaticamente tipado. Shell dinâmico permite redirecionar todas as mensagens enviadas a um objeto e extensão dinâmica permite substituir métodos de uma classe em tempo de execução. Todas as construções são originais, podem ser adicionadas em uma linguagem estaticamente tipada sem danificar o sistema de tipos e resolvem alguns problemas descritos na literatura de orientação a objetos.This thesis proposes five constructions for object-oriented languages. Some of them can be implemented using a preprocessor. These constructions are: class view, adapter, class extension, dynamic shell, and dynamic extension. All of them are based in the concept of filter, that is an object that intercepts the messages sent to another object. Class view allows correcting misinterpretations about the semantics of a class in code of other classes. A filter is used to translate the messages to the correct semantics. Adapters allow changing the type of an object through a filter and are used to glue type incompatible classes. Class extension allows adding methods and instance variables to classes without editing the source code of these classes. Dynamic Shell and dynamic extension have some of the characteristics of meta-objects and meta-classes, respectively. They compose a statically typed reflective model. Dynamic shell allows to redirect all messages sent to an object and dynamic extension allows replacing methods of a class at run time. All constructs are original and can be added to a statically typed language. They solve some problems described in the object-oriented literature.
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Cacciamani, Laura, Erica Wager, Mary A. Peterson, and Paige E. Scalf. "Age-Related Changes in Perirhinal Cortex Sensitivity to Configuration and Part Familiarity and Connectivity to Visual Cortex." FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625802.
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The perirhinal cortex (PRC) is a medial temporal lobe (MTL) structure known to be involved in assessing whether an object is familiar (i.e., meaningful) or novel. Recent evidence shows that the PRC is sensitive to the familiarity of both whole object configurations and their parts, and suggests the PRC may modulate part familiarity responses in V2. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated age-related decline in the PRC's sensitivity to part/configuration familiarity and assessed its functional connectivity to visual cortex in young and older adults. Participants categorized peripherally presented silhouettes as familiar ("real-world") or novel. Part/configuration familiarity was manipulated via three silhouette configurations: Familiar (parts/configurations familiar), Control Novel (parts/configurations novel), and Part-Rearranged Novel (parts familiar, configurations novel). "Real-world" judgments were less accurate than "novel" judgments, although accuracy did not differ between age groups. The fMRI data revealed differential neural activity, however: In young adults, a linear pattern of activation was observed in left hemisphere (LH) PRC, with Familiar > Control Novel > Part-Rearranged Novel. Older adults did not show this pattern, indicating age-related decline in the PRC's sensitivity to part/configuration familiarity. A functional connectivity analysis revealed a significant coupling between the PRC and V2 in the LH in young adults only. Older adults showed a linear pattern of activation in the temporopolar cortex (TPC), but no evidence of TPC-V2 connectivity. This is the first study to demonstrate age-related decline in the PRC's representations of part/configuration familiarity and its covariance with visual cortex.
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Higgs, David Robert. "Parts-based object detection using multiple views /." Link to online version, 2005. https://ritdml.rit.edu/dspace/handle/1850/1000.
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Shin, Jiwon. "Parts-based object classification for range images." Zürich : Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Autonomous Systems Lab, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=384.
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Azizpour, Hossein. "Visual Representations and Models: From Latent SVM to Deep Learning." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Datorseende och robotik, CVAP, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192289.
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Two important components of a visual recognition system are representation and model. Both involves the selection and learning of the features that are indicative for recognition and discarding those features that are uninformative. This thesis, in its general form, proposes different techniques within the frameworks of two learning systems for representation and modeling. Namely, latent support vector machines (latent SVMs) and deep learning. First, we propose various approaches to group the positive samples into clusters of visually similar instances. Given a fixed representation, the sampled space of the positive distribution is usually structured. The proposed clustering techniques include a novel similarity measure based on exemplar learning, an approach for using additional annotation, and augmenting latent SVM to automatically find clusters whose members can be reliably distinguished from background class. In another effort, a strongly supervised DPM is suggested to study how these models can benefit from privileged information. The extra information comes in the form of semantic parts annotation (i.e. their presence and location). And they are used to constrain DPMs latent variables during or prior to the optimization of the latent SVM. Its effectiveness is demonstrated on the task of animal detection. Finally, we generalize the formulation of discriminative latent variable models, including DPMs, to incorporate new set of latent variables representing the structure or properties of negative samples. Thus, we term them as negative latent variables. We show this generalization affects state-of-the-art techniques and helps the visual recognition by explicitly searching for counter evidences of an object presence. Following the resurgence of deep networks, in the last works of this thesis we have focused on deep learning in order to produce a generic representation for visual recognition. A Convolutional Network (ConvNet) is trained on a largely annotated image classification dataset called ImageNet with $\sim1.3$ million images. Then, the activations at each layer of the trained ConvNet can be treated as the representation of an input image. We show that such a representation is surprisingly effective for various recognition tasks, making it clearly superior to all the handcrafted features previously used in visual recognition (such as HOG in our first works on DPM). We further investigate the ways that one can improve this representation for a task in mind. We propose various factors involving before or after the training of the representation which can improve the efficacy of the ConvNet representation. These factors are analyzed on 16 datasets from various subfields of visual recognition.QC 20160908
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Alvim, Silvio Jos? Trindade. "ROAPA ? Reposit?rio de Objetos de Aprendizagem para o ensino de pesca e aquicultura." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2117.
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The use of technology in education has experienced a number of changes. The use of the computer as a learning tool promoter is a constant challenge for educators. The creation, classification and maintenance of digital materials with educational content are laborious but essential tasks for the good use of technologies of information and communication in education, in various levels of education. In this context, the work that follows is intended to propose the creation of a reference model for implementation of a Learning Object Repository (LOR) as well as outlining a production process of these objects and choosing a team based on roles and responsibilities modeled in the process. As methodological approach was made a literature review on the subject. Conceptual maps were used to support the planning of the repository model. For choosing the set of metadata used in the model was made a Systematic Review of Literature (SRL) and after these steps the initial software interface has been validated through a survey instrument using the Likert scale for evaluation of non-functional software requirements applied to a group of educators and students of the academic community of IFES Campus Pi?ma. It is expected that the model will serve as a subsidy for the implementation of a repository for use by technical courses of Aquaculture and Fisheries of aforementioned campus, allowing the search and use of digital educational materials for teachers and students, in a simply and efficiently way
O uso de tecnologia na educa??o tem passado por uma s?rie de mudan?as. O uso do computador como ferramenta promotora da aprendizagem ? um desafio constante para os educadores. A cria??o, classifica??o e manuten??o de materiais digitais com conte?do educacional ? uma tarefa trabalhosa mas fundamental para o bom uso das TIC na educa??o, nos mais variados n?veis de ensino. Nesse contexto, o trabalho que se segue tem por objetivo propor a cria??o de um modelo de refer?ncia para implanta??o de um Reposit?rio de Objetos de Aprendizagem (ROA) bem como delinear um processo de produ??o destes objetos e de escolha de uma equipe, baseada em pap?is e responsabilidades modeladas no processo. Como percurso metodol?gico foi feita uma revis?o bibliogr?fica sobre o assunto. Foram utilizados mapas conceituais para apoiar a planejamento do modelo de reposit?rio. Para a escolha do conjunto de metadados utilizados no modelo foi feito uma Revis?o Sistem?tica de Literatura (RSL) e ap?s essas etapas a interface inicial do software foi validada atrav?s de um instrumento de pesquisa utilizando a escala Likert, para avalia??o de requisitos n?o funcionais de software, aplicada a um grupo formado por educadores e alunos da comunidade acad?mica do IFES Campus Pi?ma. Espera-se que o modelo proposto sirva de subs?dio para implementa??o de um reposit?rio para uso pelos cursos t?cnicos de Aquicultura e Pesca do campus supracitado, permitindo a busca e utiliza??o de materiais digitais educacionais, por professores e alunos, de forma simples e eficiente
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Seifert, Jan. "Modernizace zemědělského objektu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372022.
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The project deals with the modernization of the agricultural building which leads to a change of the using building. In an effort was to make use of the building which goes to into ruin and to create jobs in this location. The building is located on the plot no. 212 on the north of outskirts of Opatovice I.. In the area there is a cowshed and a silage trough. The former cowshed will be rebuilt into a woodworking facility constituted by manufacturing and administrative part. The silage trough will be used as a waste stock. A new outdoor wood store will be built in the northwest part of the plot. The administrative building will be added to the main building with a basement made from permanent formwork. The ground floor and the first floor are made of clay bricks and reinforced concrete cross-reinforced slab 150 mm thick. The internal partitions in the 1st floor are made of clay block prartitions 115 mm thick. The internal partitions in the 2nd floor are plasterboard 100 mm thick. Rebuilding involves a large number of demolition work for example new openings in existing walls. The whole woodworking facility will be insulated by a certified thermal insulation system 100 mm thick on the production part and 180 mm thick on the administrative part. The object is covered with saddle roof shaped letter "T" with a sheet metal cover. The original hard landscaping will be replaced by an asphalt road.
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Wu, Kenong. "XComputing parametric geon descriptions of 3D multi-part objects." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40285.
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A new approach for computing qualitative part-based descriptions of 3D objects from single- and multi-view range data is presented. This research is motivated by both a theory of human image understanding (Recognition-by-Components) and the need for qualitative recognition by an autonomous robot in order for it to efficiently interact with its environment.Object descriptions are obtained in two consecutive steps: (1) object segmentation into parts and (2) part model identification. Segmentation is achieved by first computing the simulated electrical charge density distribution on a tessellated triangular mesh of the object surface. The algorithm then detects the object part boundaries where the charge density achieves a local minimum. The charge density distribution can simultaneously provide an indication of the gross and fine object structures. Parametric geons are introduced as the part models, which indicate both qualitative shape and quantitative attribute information. Model recovery is achieved by fitting all parametric geons to a part and then selecting the best model based on the minimum fitting residual. A new objective function used for model recovery is optimised by a global optimisation technique (Very Fast Simulated Re-Annealing).
The advantages of this approach are demonstrated through experimentation. By using a physical analogy to the well known transversality principle, part segmentation does not require an assumption of surface smoothness or the choice of a particular scale to compute local surface features. The formulation for parametric geons provides a global shape constraint, which ensures reliable part model recovery even when the part shape is not an exact instance of a parametric geon. By directly comparing a part with all candidate models, this approach explicitly verifies the shape of the resultant part descriptions. The computed part-based descriptions are well suited for the object recognition task carried out by an autonomous robot.
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Clark, Daniel S. "Object detection and tracking using a parts-based approach /." Link to online version, 2005. https://ritdml.rit.edu/dspace/handle/1850/1167.
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Zaborowski, Robert Michael. "Onboard and parts-based object detection from aerial imagery." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5523.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.The almost endless amount of full-motion video (FMV) data collected by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and similar sources presents mounting challenges to human analysts, particularly to their sustained attention to detail despite the monotony of continuous review. This digital deluge of raw imagery also places unsustainable loads on the limited resource of network bandwidth. Automated analysis onboard the UAV allows transmitting only pertinent portions of the imagery, reducing bandwidth usage and mitigating operator fatigue. Further, target detection and tracking information that is immediately available to the UAV facilitates more autonomous operations, with reduced communication needs to the ground station. Experimental results proved the utility of our onboard detection system a) through bandwidth reduction by two orders of magnitude and b) through reduced operator workload. Additionally, a novel parts-based detection method was developed. A whole-object detector is not well suited for deformable and articulated objects, and susceptible to failure due to partial occlusions. Parts detection with a subsequent structural model overcomes these difficulties, is potentially more computationally efficient (smaller resource footprint and able to be decomposed into a hierarchy), and permits reuse for multiple object types. Our parts-based vehicle detector achieved detection accuracy comparable to whole-object detection, yet exhibiting said advantages.
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Fr?es, Karine Alencar. "An?lise da constru??o de objetos de aprendizagem para ensino de enfermagem na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul." UFVJM, 2016. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1300.
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?rea de concentra??o: Ensino, ?tica e pol?tica p?blica de sa?de.Disponibiliza??o do trabalho em conte?do parcial, conforme Termo de Autoriza??o.
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A cont?nua e acelerada evolu??o dos conhecimentos na atualidade tem gerado a necessidade de atualiza??o e aprendizado cont?nuo do homem, al?m da exig?ncia do mercado por profissionais com mais qualifica??o, novas compet?ncias e habilidades. Diante desse cen?rio, na educa??o, tem se constru?do novas concep??es pedag?gicas a partir do uso dos novos recursos tecnol?gicos. A Enfermagem acompanha o contexto apresentado. Percebeu-se o aumento na produ??o de tecnologias pela Enfermagem, nas ?reas educacionais, assistenciais e gerenciais. Recursos tecnol?gicos, como os objetos de aprendizagem (OA), tornam-se importantes estrat?gias ? medida que possibilitam superar as barreiras para a realiza??o das experi?ncias pr?ticas, permitindo ao estudante uma aproxima??o com a realidade. A Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) apresenta experi?ncia na elabora??o de OA para o ensino de enfermagem. Sendo assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo compreender o processo de elabora??o de objetos de aprendizagem no ensino de enfermagem na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul durante o per?odo de 2010 a 2014. Para a realiza??o do estudo optou-se pela pesquisa b?sica, explorat?ria, descritiva, cujos procedimentos t?cnicos incluem a pesquisa bibliogr?fica, documental, a abordagem qualitativa e o estudo de caso. A amostra foi constitu?da por um total de cinco docentes de enfermagem da UFRGS. Para a realiza??o da coleta dos dados optou-se, como instrumento, a entrevista estruturada. A an?lise documental da pesquisa foi constitu?da por projetos de desenvolvimento de OA, al?m de documentos referentes ? implanta??o do n?cleo de inform?tica na referida escola. Os dados foram analisados atrav?s da t?cnica de an?lise de conte?do. Ficou evidente que o desenvolvimento de um OA ? complexo e est? relacionado com diversos fatores, como paradigmas educacionais, ferramentas tecnol?gicas, equipe multidisciplinar, metodologias de elabora??o e teorias e m?todos de ensino/aprendizagem. Evidenciou-se, tamb?m, que fatores como or?amento, infraestrutura, a falta de conhecimento t?cnico e te?rico sobre OA e o ac?mulo de atividades por parte dos docentes de enfermagem interferem na implementa??o de projetos de desenvolvimento de OA. No estudo, ficou percept?vel a necessidade de uma op??o consciente e reflexiva por parte dos docentes de enfermagem em rela??o aos aspectos que envolvem o desenvolvimento de um OA, como a concep??o e caracter?sticas dos objetos, enfoques pedag?gicos e metodologia de desenvolvimento. Foi poss?vel observar concord?ncia e discord?ncias relacionadas a enfoques pedag?gicos, al?m da determina??o de ?etapas? de metodologia de produ??o, mesmo que de forma intuitiva. A partir da an?lise dos discursos dos entrevistados e das diferentes metodologias abordadas, o presente estudo prop?e um novo ?Processo de Desenvolvimento de Objeto de Aprendizagem?, com o intuito de reunir em um ?nico m?todo os principais elementos destacados pelos diferentes autores citados na pesquisa que prop?em metodologias de constru??o de objetos.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ensino em Sa?de, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016.
The continuous and rapid development of knowledge nowadays has generated the need for updating and continuous learning of mankind, besides the market demand for professionals with more qualifications, new skills and abilities. In this scenario, in education, new pedagogical conceptions have been created from the use of new technological resources. Nursing follows this present context. It was noticed a rise in the production of technologies by Nursing in educational, care and management areas. Technological resources, such as learning objects (LO), become important strategies as they enable to overcome the barriers to the accomplishment of practical experiences, allowing students to be close to reality. The Nursing School of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) has experience in the development of LO for nursing education. Thus, this study aims to understand the Learning Objects development process in Nursing Education at UFRGS during the period 2010 to 2014. According to the chosen methods, this research is considered to be basic, exploratory, and descriptive. Its technical procedures include literature review, documentary research, qualitative approach, and case study. The sample consisted of a total of five nursing faculty members of the UFRGS, and a structured interview was used for data collection. The documentary analysis of the research consisted of projects for the development of LO as well as documents related to the implementation of the computing center at the nursing school. Data were analyzed by using content analysis technique. It has become evident that LO development is complex, and it is related to many factors such as educational paradigms, technological tools, multidisciplinary team, development methodologies, and theories and methods for teaching/learning. It evidenced that factors such as budget, infrastructure, lack of technical and theoretical knowledge about LO as well as the accumulation of activities by the nursing faculty members interfere with the implementation of LO development projects. In the study, it became noticeable the need for a conscious and reflective option by the nursing faculty members in regard to aspects involving the development of a LO, such as the design and characteristics of the objects, pedagogical approaches, and development methodology. It was possible to observe agreement and disagreements related to pedagogical approaches, in addition to the determination of "steps" of production methodology, though intuitively. From the analysis of the interviewees? discourses and from the different methodologies approached, this study proposes a new "Process for the Development of Learning Object" in order to bring together in a single method the major elements highlighted by different authors mentioned in this work who propose methods for the creation of objects.
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Salve, Guilherme Bizarro. "Modelo de planejamento para repositório de objetos de aprendizagem em organizações educacionais (MOPROA)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18140/tde-25112010-104705/.
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A tecnologia apóia o processo de ensino de diversas maneiras ao mesmo tempo em que traz desafios para sua utilização. A produção e disponibilização de materiais instrucionais é um dos pilares dos sistemas de ensino, sendo o repositório de objetos de aprendizagem uma forma possível para realização. Essa solução possui poucos anos de existência se comparada a outras, o que impõe desafios para o seu planejamento. Em parte significativa das organizações de ensino observa-se lacuna de conhecimentos nas áreas que envolvem a planificação desse empreendimento. O interesse do estudo e do pesquisador é a integração dos campos de conhecimento envolvidos, nesse caso o técnico, o gerencial, o legal e o pedagógico, para o aumento da capacidade desse processo, na qual se possa identificar as atividades, boas práticas e resultados necessários, em formato flexível, para que se estruture em bases sustentáveis para implantação. O objetivo geral foi o desenvolvimento de um modelo de planejamento para repositório de objetos de aprendizagem. A hipótese da pesquisa é que a formalização, a mobilização de recursos, a aceitação, a integração, a descentralização, o controle, a avaliação ambiental e a interação entre os planejadores estão contemplados no modelo e possibilitam o aumento da capacidade de planejamento do repositório de objetos de aprendizagem em organizações de ensino. De forma a alcançar o resultado requerido foi realizado estudo de múltiplos casos, que decorreram ao longo do ano de 2009 até meados do ano de 2010. A unidade de análise foi o planejamento de repositório de objetos de aprendizagem em organizações com fins educacionais. Realizou-se pesquisa das referências, que envolviam documentos científicos e organizacionais, da área de gestão de projetos e repositório, para que se chegasse a primeira versão da proposta. De forma integrante utilizou-se entrevistas, análise de documentos, observação e instrumento de pesquisa, para a realização de melhorias e o alcance dos resultados e análises quanto a funcionalidade do modelo, com o intuito de melhorar a capacidade do planejamento. O instrumento foi desenvolvido com a utilização de protocolo de modo a ser testado e validado. A hipótese de pesquisa foi confirmada, porém a dimensão mobilização teve concordância interavaliadores baixa, o que demanda atenção especial, de modo que não faltem recursos e pessoas para a realização do trabalho. A pesquisa contribuiu ao proporcionar aos gestores, fases, processos, atividades, boas práticas e questões que possibilitam o aumento da capacidade do planejamento desse tipo de empreendimento.Technology has supported the teaching process in several ways whereas it poses challenges to its use. The production and availability of instructional materials is one of the pillars of education, and the learning object repository is a possible way to achieve this task. This solution has few years of existence, which poses challenges for planning, In a considerable number of educational organizations there is a knowledge gap in the areas surrounding the planning of learning object repository. The interest of this study and of the researcher is integrating the fields of knowledge involved, which, in this case, are the technical, managerial, legal and pedagogical. The purpose is to increase the capacity of this process, where one can identify the activities, best practices and necessary results, in a flexible format, so that it is structured on a sustainable basis for deployment. The overall objective was the development of a model for planning learning object repository. The hypothesis is that, formalization, resource mobilization, acceptance, integration, decentralization, control, environmental assessment and interaction between planners are included in the model allowing to increase the capacity to plan the learning object repository in educational organizations. ln order to achieve the required result multiple case study was realized, during the year of 2009 until mid-2010. The unit of analysis was the planning of learning object repository in organizations with educational purposes. We performed a review of the literature, involving scientific and organizational documents, in the area of project management and learning object repository, to reach the first version of the proposal. We used interviews, document analysis, observation and research tool for the realization of improvement and achievement of results and analysis regarding the functionality of the model, in order to improve the capacity of planning. The instrument was tested and validated by means of a protocol. The research hypothesis was confirmed, but the dimension resource mobilization had low interrater agreement, which requires special attention, so that there is no lack of resources and people to do the work. The research contributed by providing managers with, phases, processes, activities, best practices and issues that make it possible to increase the capacity of planning this type of project.
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Tsogkas, Stavros. "Mid-level representations for modeling objects." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC012/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous proposons l'utilisation de représentations de niveau intermédiaire, et en particulier i) d'axes médians, ii) de parties d'objets, et iii) des caractéristiques convolutionnels, pour modéliser des objets.La première partie de la thèse traite de détecter les axes médians dans des images naturelles en couleur. Nous adoptons une approche d'apprentissage, en utilisant la couleur, la texture et les caractéristiques de regroupement spectral pour construire un classificateur qui produit une carte de probabilité dense pour la symétrie. Le Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) nous permet de traiter l'échelle et l'orientation comme des variables latentes pendant l'entraînement, tandis qu'une variante fondée sur les forêts aléatoires offre des gains significatifs en termes de temps de calcul.Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous traitons de la modélisation des objets, utilisant des modèles de parties déformables (DPM). Nous développons une approche « coarse-to-fine » hiérarchique, qui utilise des bornes probabilistes pour diminuer le coût de calcul dans les modèles à grand nombre de composants basés sur HOGs. Ces bornes probabilistes, calculés de manière efficace, nous permettent d'écarter rapidement de grandes parties de l'image, et d'évaluer précisément les filtres convolutionnels seulement à des endroits prometteurs. Notre approche permet d'obtenir une accélération de 4-5 fois sur l'approche naïve, avec une perte minimale en performance.Nous employons aussi des réseaux de neurones convolutionnels (CNN) pour améliorer la détection d'objets. Nous utilisons une architecture CNN communément utilisée pour extraire les réponses de la dernière couche de convolution. Nous intégrons ces réponses dans l'architecture DPM classique, remplaçant les descripteurs HOG fabriqués à la main, et nous observons une augmentation significative de la performance de détection (~14.5% de mAP).Dans la dernière partie de la thèse nous expérimentons avec des réseaux de neurones entièrement convolutionnels pous la segmentation de parties d'objets.Nous réadaptons un CNN utilisé à l'état de l'art pour effectuer une segmentation sémantique fine de parties d'objets et nous utilisons un CRF entièrement connecté comme étape de post-traitement pour obtenir des bords fins.Nous introduirons aussi un à priori sur les formes à l'aide d'une Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM), à partir des segmentations de vérité terrain.Enfin, nous concevons une nouvelle architecture entièrement convolutionnel, et l'entraînons sur des données d'image à résonance magnétique du cerveau, afin de segmenter les différentes parties du cerveau humain.Notre approche permet d'atteindre des résultats à l'état de l'art sur les deux types de donnéesIn this thesis we propose the use of mid-level representations, and in particular i) medial axes, ii) object parts, and iii)convolutional features, for modelling objects.The first part of the thesis deals with detecting medial axes in natural RGB images. We adopt a learning approach, utilizing colour, texture and spectral clustering features, to build a classifier that produces a dense probability map for symmetry. Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) allows us to treat scale and orientation as latent variables during training, while a variation based on random forests offers significant gains in terms of running time.In the second part of the thesis we focus on object part modeling using both hand-crafted and learned feature representations. We develop a coarse-to-fine, hierarchical approach that uses probabilistic bounds for part scores to decrease the computational cost of mixture models with a large number of HOG-based templates. These efficiently computed probabilistic bounds allow us to quickly discard large parts of the image, and evaluate the exact convolution scores only at promising locations. Our approach achieves a $4times-5times$ speedup over the naive approach with minimal loss in performance.We also employ convolutional features to improve object detection. We use a popular CNN architecture to extract responses from an intermediate convolutional layer. We integrate these responses in the classic DPM pipeline, replacing hand-crafted HOG features, and observe a significant boost in detection performance (~14.5% increase in mAP).In the last part of the thesis we experiment with fully convolutional neural networks for the segmentation of object parts.We re-purpose a state-of-the-art CNN to perform fine-grained semantic segmentation of object parts and use a fully-connected CRF as a post-processing step to obtain sharp boundaries.We also inject prior shape information in our model through a Restricted Boltzmann Machine, trained on ground-truth segmentations.Finally, we train a new fully-convolutional architecture from a random initialization, to segment different parts of the human brain in magnetic resonance image data.Our methods achieve state-of-the-art results on both types of data
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Ott, Patrick. "Segmentation features, visibility modeling and shared parts for object detection." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.581947.
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This thesis investigates the problem of object localization in still images and is separated into three individual parts. The first part proposes a new set of feature descriptors, motivated by the problem of pedestrian detection. Sliding window classifiers, notably using the Histogram-of-Gradient (HOG) features proposed by Dalal & Triggs are the state-of-the-art for this task, and we base our method on this approach. We propose a novel feature extraction scheme which computes implicit 'soft segmentations' of image regions into foreground/background. The method yields stronger object/background edges than gray-scale gradient alone, suppresses textural and shading variations, and captures local coherence of object appearance. The main contributions of this part are: (i) incorporation of segmentation cues into object detection; (ii) integration with classifier learning c.f. a post-processing filter and (iii) high computational efficiency. The second part of the thesis considers deformable part-based models (DPM) as proposed by Felzenszwalb et al. These models have demonstrated state-of-the-art results in object localization and offer a high degree of learnt invariance by utilizing viewpoint- dependent mixture components and movable parts in each mixture component. One might hope to increase the accuracy of the DPM by increasing the number of mixture components and parts to give a more faithful model, but limited training data prevents this from being effective. We propose an extension to the DPM which allows for sharing of object part models among multiple mixture components as well as object classes. This results in more compact models and allows training examples to be shared by multiple components, ameliorating the effect of a limited size training set. We (i) reformulate the DPM to incorporate part sharing, and (ii) propose a novel energy function allowing for coupled training of mixture components and object classes. An 'elephant in the room' for most current methods is the lack of explicit modeling of partial visibility due to occlusion by other objects or truncation by the image boundary. In the third part of this thesis, we propose a method which explicitly models partial visibility by treating it as a latent variable. As a second contribution we propose a novel non- maximum suppression scheme which takes into account partial visibility of objects while, in contrast to other methods, providing a globally optimal solution. Our method gives more detailed scene interpretations, in that we are able to identify the visible parts of an object. We evaluate all methods on the PASCAL VOC 2010 dataset. In addition, we report state-of-the-art results on the INRIAPerson pedestrian detection dataset for the first part, considerably exceeding those of the original HOG detector.
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Pereira, Marcia Beatriz Carvalho [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento de um objeto de aprendizagem para análise de sistemas de energia elétrica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87248.
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Este trabalho tem por objetivo contribuir para o desenvolvimento de técnicas de Educação em Engenharia apresentando uma ferramenta de apoio ao Ensino/Aprendizagem de Sistemas Elétricos de Potência na forma de um software de interface amigável e baixo custo. O software desenvolvido em linguagem C++ segue os padrões de programação orientada a objetos e oferece ao usuário a resolução de fluxos de potência e simulações de casos de contingências transitórias com possibilidade de interatividade, apresentando resultados em ambiente gráfico. Desenvolvido para aplicação na área de Dinâmica e Estabilidade de Sistemas de Potência, suporta sistemas-exemplos clássicos do IEEE e também disponibiliza ao usuário ferramentas para personalização de arquivos de dados de entrada, tornando-se flexível e de fácil acesso aos casos já inseridos no sistema. O usuário também pode criar novos sistemas de acordo com suas necessidades. Os resultados são exibidos em forma numérica e também através de gráficos tridimensionais e animação, possibilitando fácil visualização de resultados, entendimento de fenômenos e análise de influências sobre o desempenho.
This work presents a contribution to the development of Engineering Education techniques by means of a Teaching/Learning support tool for Electrical Power System studies resulting in a friendly low cost interface software. It was developed in C++ language and follows the pattern of object oriented programming, offering to the user the resolution of load flow and digital simulations of transient stability with the possibility of interactivity, showing the results in a graphic environment. It was developed for use in applications of Static and Transient Power Systems Stability and it has enclosed classic sample-systems of IEEE and others and also allows the user to customize input data files. Then the tool is flexible and enables easy access to cases formerly inserted in the system. The user also can create new systems according to his needs. The machines rotors movement can be seen in a graphic animation, allowing easy visualization of events, phenomena comprehension and analysis of influences about the performance.
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Trulls, Fortuny Eduard. "Enhancing low-level features with mid-level cues." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/286325.
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Local features have become an essential tool in visual recognition. Much of the progress in computer vision over the past decade has built on simple, local representations such as SIFT or HOG. SIFT in particular shifted the paradigm in feature representation. Subsequent works have often focused on improving either computational efficiency, or invariance properties.
This thesis belongs to the latter group. Invariance is a particularly relevant aspect if we intend to work with dense features. The traditional approach to sparse matching is to rely on stable interest points, such as corners, where scale and orientation can be reliably estimated, enforcing invariance; dense features need to be computed on arbitrary points. Dense features have been shown to outperform sparse matching techniques in many recognition problems, and form the bulk of our work.
In this thesis we present strategies to enhance low-level, local features with mid-level, global cues. We devise techniques to construct better features, and use them to handle complex ambiguities, occlusions and background changes. To deal with ambiguities, we explore the use of motion to enforce temporal consistency with optical flow priors. We also introduce a novel technique to exploit segmentation cues, and use it to extract features invariant to background variability. For this, we downplay image measurements most likely to belong to a region different from that where the descriptor is computed. In both cases we follow the same strategy: we incorporate mid-level, "big picture" information into the construction of local features, and proceed to use them in the same manner as we would the baseline features.
We apply these techniques to different feature representations, including SIFT and HOG, and use them to address canonical vision problems such as stereo and object detection, demonstrating that the introduction of global cues yields consistent improvements. We prioritize solutions that are simple, general, and efficient.
Our main contributions are as follows:
(a) An approach to dense stereo reconstruction with spatiotemporal features, which unlike existing works remains applicable to wide baselines.
(b) A technique to exploit segmentation cues to construct dense descriptors invariant to background variability, such as occlusions or background motion.
(c) A technique to integrate bottom-up segmentation with recognition efficiently, amenable to sliding window detectors.Les "features" locals s'han convertit en una eina fonamental en el camp del reconeixement visual. Gran part del progrés experimentat en el camp de la visió per computador al llarg de l'última decada es basa en representacions locals de baixa complexitat, com SIFT o HOG. SIFT, en concret, ha canviat el paradigma en representació de característiques visuals. Els treballs que l'han succeït s'acostumen a centrar o bé a millorar la seva eficiencia computacional, o bé propietats d'invariança. El treball presentat en aquesta tesi pertany al segon grup. L'invariança es un aspecte especialment rellevant quan volem treballab amb "features" denses, és a dir per a cada pixel. La manera tradicional d'atacar el problema amb "features" de baixa densitat consisteix en seleccionar punts d'interés estables, com per exemple cantonades, on l'escala i l'orientació poden ser estimades de manera robusta. Les "features" denses, per definició, han de ser calculades en punts arbitraris de la imatge. S'ha demostrat que les "features" denses obtenen millors resultats en tècniques de correspondència per a molts problemes en reconeixement, i formen la major part del nostre treball. En aquesta tesi presentem estratègies per a enriquir "features" locals de baix nivell amb "cues" o dades globals, de mitja complexitat. Dissenyem tècniques per a construïr millors "features", que usem per a atacar problemes tals com correspondències amb un grau elevat d'ambigüetat, oclusions, i canvis del fons de la imatge. Per a atacar ambigüetats, explorem l'ús del moviment per a imposar consistència espai-temporal mitjançant informació d'"optical flow". També presentem una tècnica per explotar dades de segmentació que fem servir per a extreure "features" invariants a canvis en el fons de la imatge. Aquest mètode consisteix en atenuar els components de la imatge (i per tant les "features") que probablement corresponguin a regions diferents a la del descriptor que estem calculant. En ambdós casos seguim la mateixa estratègia: la nostra voluntat és incorporar dades globals d'un nivell de complexitat mitja a la construcció de "features" locals, que procedim a utilitzar de la mateixa manera que les "features" originals. Aquestes tècniques són aplicades a diferents tipus de representacions, incloent SIFT i HOG, i mostrem com utilitzar-les per a atacar problemes fonamentals en visió per computador tals com l'estèreo i la detecció d'objectes. En aquest treball demostrem que introduïnt informació global en la construcció de "features" locals podem obtenir millores consistentment. Donem prioritat a solucions senzilles, generals i eficients. Aquestes són les principals contribucions de la tesi: (a) Una tècnica per a reconstrucció estèreo densa mitjançant "features" espai-temporals, amb l'avantatge respecte a treballs existents que podem aplicar-la a càmeres en qualsevol configuració geomètrica ("wide-baseline"). (b) Una tècnica per a explotar dades de segmentació dins la construcció de descriptors densos, fent-los invariants a canvis al fons de la imatge, i per tant a problemes com les oclusions en estèreo o objectes en moviment. (c) Una tècnica per a integrar segmentació de manera ascendent ("bottom-up") en problemes de reconeixement d'una manera eficient, dissenyada per a detectors de tipus "sliding window".
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Andersson, Daniel. "Automatic vertebrae detection and labeling in sagittal magnetic resonance images." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medicinsk informatik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-115874.
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Radiologists are often plagued by limited time for completing their work, with an ever increasing workload. A picture archiving and communication system (PACS) is a platform for daily image reviewing that improves their work environment, and on that platform for example spinal MR images can be reviewed. When reviewing spinal images a radiologist wants vertebrae labels, and in Sectra's PACS platform there is a good opportunity for implementing an automatic method for spinal labeling. In this thesis a method for performing automatic spinal labeling, called a vertebrae classifier, is presented. This method should remove the need for radiologists to perform manual spine labeling, and could be implemented in Sectra's PACS software to improve radiologists overall work experience.Spine labeling is the process of marking vertebrae centres with a name on a spinal image. The method proposed in this thesis for performing that process was developed using a machine learning approach for vertebrae detection in sagittal MR images. The developed classifier works for both the lumbar and the cervical spine, but it is optimized for the lumbar spine. During the development three different methods for the purpose of vertebrae detection were evaluated. Detection is done on multiple sagittal slices. The output from the detection is then labeled using a pictorial structure based algorithm which uses a trained model of the spine to correctly assess correct labeling. The suggested method achieves 99.6% recall and 99.9% precision for the lumbar spine. The cervical spine achieves slightly worse performance, with 98.1% for both recall and precision. This result was achieved by training the proposed method on 43 images and validated with 89 images for the lumbar spine. The cervical spine was validated using 26 images. These results are promising, especially for the lumbar spine. However, further evaluation is needed to test the method in a clinical setting.Radiologer får bara mindre och mindre tid för att utföra sina arbetsuppgifter, då arbetsbördan bara blir större. Ett picture archiving and communication system (PACS) är en platform där radiologer kan undersöka medicinska bilder, däribland magnetic resonance (MR) bilder av ryggraden. När radiologerna tittar på dessa bilder av ryggraden vill de att kotorna ska vara markerade med sina namn, och i Sectra's PACS platform finns det en bra möjlighet för att implementera en automatisk metod för att namnge ryggradens kotor på bilden. I detta examensarbete presenteras en metod för att automatiskt markera alla kotorna utifrån saggitala MR bilder. Denna metod kan göra så att radiologer inte längre behöver manuellt markera kotor, och den skulle kunna implementeras i Sectra's PACS för att förbättra radiologernas arbetsmiljö. Det som menas med att markera kotor är att man ger mitten av alla kotor ett namn utifrån en MR bild på ryggraden. Metoden som presenteras i detta arbete kan utföra detta med hjälp av ett "machine learning" arbetssätt. Metoden fungerar både för övre och nedre delen av ryggraden, men den är optimerad för den nedre delen. Under utvecklingsfasen var tre olika metoder för att detektera kotor evaluerade. Resultatet från detektionen är sedan använt för att namnge alla kotor med hjälp av en algoritm baserad på pictorial structures, som använder en tränad model för att kunna evaluera vad som bör anses vara korrekt namngivning. Metoden uppnår 99.6% recall och 99.9% precision för nedre ryggraden. För övre ryggraden uppnås något sämre resultat, med 98.1% vad gäller både recall och precision. Detta resultat uppnådes då metoden tränades på 43 bilder och validerades på 89 bilder för nedre ryggraden. För övre ryggraden användes 26 stycken bilder. Resultaten är lovande, speciellt för den nedre delen. Dock måste ytterligare utvärdering göras för metoden i en klinisk miljö.
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Polcarová, Markéta. "ANYTHING IS A THING ENOUGH TO PARTY." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240570.
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This thesis "Anything is thing enough to party" seeks to explore the knowledge base of Jane Bennett's vital materialism and analyzes the connections between advanced capitalism, mobility and unpredictable movement of goods and things from the perspective of object oriented ontology. The thesis also focuses on the new perspective of ready-made object and perspective of installation. In order to research the topic and implement the practical part of the project, this study took place in Mexico as a self-initiated art residency in order to explore flows of found objects under the gaze of a foreigner.
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Colpo, Miriam Pizzatto. "OPIS : um método para identificação e busca de páginas-objeto." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/103907.
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Páginas-objeto são páginas que representam exatamente um objeto inerente do mundo real na web, considerando um domínio específico, e a busca por essas páginas é chamada de busca-objeto. Os motores de busca convencionais (do Inglês, General Search Engine - GSE) conseguem responder, de forma satisfatória, à maioria das consultas realizadas na web atualmente, porém, isso dificilmente ocorre no caso de buscas-objeto, uma vez que, em geral, a quantidade de páginas-objeto recuperadas é bastante limitada. Essa dissertação propõe um novo método para a identificação e a busca de páginas-objeto, denominado OPIS (acrônimo para Object Page Identifying and Searching). O cerne do OPIS está na adoção de técnicas de realimentação de relevância e aprendizagem de máquina na tarefa de classificação, baseada em conteúdo, de páginas-objeto. O OPIS não descarta o uso de GSEs e, ao invés disso, em sua etapa de busca, propõe a integração de um classificador a um GSE, adicionando uma etapa de filtragem ao processo de busca tradicional. Essa abordagem permite que somente páginas identificadas como páginas-objeto sejam recuperadas pelas consultas dos usuários, melhorando, assim, os resultados de buscas-objeto. Experimentos, considerando conjuntos de dados reais, mostram que o OPIS supera o baseline com ganho médio de 47% de precisão média.Object pages are pages that represent exactly one inherent real-world object on the web, regarding a specific domain, and the search for these pages is named as object search. General Search Engines (GSE) can satisfactorily answer most of the searches performed in the web nowadays, however, this hardly occurs with object search, since, in general, the amount of retrieved object pages is limited. This work proposes a method for both identifying and searching object pages, named OPIS (acronyms to Object Page Identifying and Searching). The kernel of OPIS is to adopt relevance feedback and machine learning techniques in the task of content-based classification of object pages. OPIS does not discard the use of GSEs and, instead, in his search step, proposes the integration of a classifier to a GSE, adding a filtering step to the traditional search process. This simple approach allows that only pages identified as object pages are retrieved by user queries, improving the results for object search. Experiments with real datasets show that OPIS outperforms the baseline with average boost of 47% considering the average precision.
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Draper, Jessica Lindiwe. "Being white : Part I: A self-portrait in the third person; Part II: Whiteness in South African visual culture." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:aa3689b2-6d6f-4cc0-8599-9db96a56611d.
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This thesis is concerned with the ways in which whiteness and authenticity are manifested within contemporary visual culture in South Africa. The project begins as an artistic inquiry grounded in autobiography, which becomes an elaborate self-portrait narrated from the distance of the third person. My practice aims to address the trajectories that I am unable to articulate through my theoretical analysis. Through a process of solvent release printing, I explore the dualities of my own identity as African and white in an attempt to counteract the view that one negates the other. Part I attempts to provide an archive-able record of this practice. Part II shows that a long history of dichotomous art-historical practice has resulted in differentiated artistic pressures for black and white South African artists. I discuss the development of platforms that have contributed to the shifting of such classificatory trends without dissolving them completely, namely the first and second Johannesburg Biennales, Africus (1995) and Trade Routes (1997). In doing so, I trace how these events have troubled such stereotypes. Whiteness is identified as the overriding factor which allows the dominant discourse of Western- and Euro-centric ideals to remain prioritised. Brett Murray and Minnette Vári are discussed as examples of white South African artists who problematise whiteness by addressing racial fluidity, belonging, authenticity and identity. The theme of autobiography is reintroduced in the conclusion, where I argue that my own practice could be seen to mirror the strategies that each artist has employed to subvert their whiteness, and to build a case for accessing a multiple identity that is African in its ability to be diverse. I conclude that it is ultimately the artists’ performative use of their own bodies which allows them to discuss issues of representation without falling into the ideological position of the coloniser.
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Kruppa, Hannes. "Object detection using scale-specific boosted parts and a Bayesian combiner /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=15676.
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Lupinacci, Luciana Gimenez Ribeiro. "O olhar do professor para a inclusão escolar - possíveis aproximações entre educação e psicanálise." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-22062015-134532/.
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Este trabalho discute a questão da inclusão escolar no cenário educacional contemporâneo. O debate acerca do tema tem se tornado fundamental dentro da Educação, pois vai ao encontro do movimento da inclusão nos demais setores sociais e busca a equiparação de oportunidades e a construção de uma sociedade mais democrática e igualitária. Nesse contexto, o professor da escola comum assume papel de destaque, contribuindo com a inclusão no cotidiano das escolas. Neste trabalho, realizamos um viés psicanalítico, para realizar a leitura de fenômenos educativos, dentre os quais se destaca a inclusão escolar. Conceitos da Psicanálise foram utilizados para essa aproximação, em especial, a ideia de objeto a, desenvolvida por Lacan no Seminário X e objeto a olhar no Seminário XI. Nesse último, o psicanalista trata da esquize entre olho e olhar, já que o primeiro está relacionado com a função biológica; e o segundo está atravessado pelo inconsciente dos sujeitos. Ressalta-se aqui também a importância da construção de novos olhares do professor para seus alunos, focando aqueles com deficiência, transtornos globais do desenvolvimento e altas habilidades/superdotação. Para esta pesquisa, foram realizadas três entrevistas semiestruturadas com professoras e duas com gestoras de Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental da rede particular de ensino de São Paulo. Os materiais foram posteriormente organizados de acordo com fragmentos de olhares passíveis de serem capturados por intermédio das falas de cada participante. A análise foi realizada com o objetivo de encontrar as possíveis aproximações entre Educação e Psicanálise. A ênfase no saber técnico está ligada à ideia de que a inclusão escolar possui um preparo prévio e essa constatação foi frequente, quando foram examinadas as entrevistas. E, a partir dessas entrevistas, foram percebidas também a angústia e sensação de desamparo que sentem as professoras que trabalham com Educação Inclusiva.This essay discusses the subject of the school inclusion in the contemporary educational scenery. The discussion on the topic has been essential in Education, because it goes in the same way of the inclusion movement in other social sectors and aiming to match the opportunities and the construction of a more democratic and equal society. In this context, the professor of the regular school takes the major role, contributing with the inclusion in the schools routine. In this essay, we have made a psychoanalytic learning, to make the educative phenomena reading, in which the school inclusion contrasts. Psychoanalysis concept were used for this approaching, specially, the idea of object a, developed by Lacan at Seminary X and object a looking on Seminary XI. In this last one, the psychoanalyst deals with schism between the eye and the look, as the first is related to the biological function; and the second is crossed by the unconscious of the subjects. It is highlighted here the importance of constructing new look from teachers toward the students, aiming the ones with deficiency, global disorders of the development and the high skills/giftedness. For this research, we are made three semi structured interviews with teachers and two with managers in Childhood Education and in Primary Basic Education in the private teaching sector in São Paulo. The materials were after that organized according with fragments of views liable to be captured by the speech of each participant. The analysis was made aiming to find the possible approaching between Education and Psychoanalysis. The emphasis in technical knowledge is linked to the idea that the school inclusion has a previous preparation and this finding was usual, when were examined the interviews. And from these interviews, were also highlighted the anguish and helpless sensation feeling that the teachers which work with Inclusive Education had.
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Rodrigues, Francisco Aparecido. "Técnicas de orientação ao objeto para computação científica paralela." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-13092007-165832/.
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Neste trabalho apresentamos a metodologia de orientação ao objeto no desenvolvimentos de uma biblioteca de classes para facilitar o processo de programação numérica paralela. Na implementação dos métodos das classes utilizamos as rotinas do pacote ScaLAPACK, sendo que essas classes oferecem métodos para manipulações matriciais básicas e para a diagonalização de matrizes, onde essas matrizes podem ser reais e complexas, de simples e dupla precisão. Este trabalho apresenta detalhes de implementação e uma análise comparativa de desempenho, a fim de mostrarmos a eficiência e as facilidades de uso da orientação ao objeto no desenvolvimento de programas científicos paralelos.In this work current vs. voltage (I vs. V) and alternating conductivity (ac) measurements were carried out in poly[(2-methoxy- 5-hexyloxy)-pphenylenevinilene] ? MEH-PPV light-emitting diodes having zinc oxide (ZnO) as transparent anode and Al as metallic cathode. MEH-PPV is a PPV derivative, which emits in the red spectral region; ZnO has a work function similar to that of ITO, but it is less aggressive to the polymer, less expensive and easily processed. The retificated I vs. V curves shows that the direct current depends on the temperature. Moreover, the real and imaginary components of alternating conductivity (ac) present typical behavior of somewhat disordered material: the imaginary component grows as a function of the frequency and the real component was observed to be frequency independent for lower frequencies, and follows a power-law above a certain frequency. The Random Energy Free Barrier model approaches and a resistance in series for the interface phenomenon were developed and adjusted for the ac results. From this experimental-theoretical fitting we obtained important parameters of the devices as well as, quantitative informations about the MEH-PPV transport phenomenon.
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Gonçalves, Felippe Albuquerque. "Desenvolvimento de um novo objeto de aprendizagem para o Ensino de Probabilidade no Ensino Médio." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2284.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Throughout history we see the use of probability in both philosophical considerations about causality and chance, as in several investigations of problems relating to gambling and even event-related subjects at random. In the eleventh century we have the agricultural population surveys and reviews and in antiquity have situations of various gambling related to the use of probability, and in some ways a more playful approach. However, with the systematization of the mathematics curriculum, there was a certain detachment of playfulness and learning situations, lost its importance mainly with the exact disciplines. In this work we try to rescue this playful practice with the content of probability by building learning situations with the use of Learning Objects (OA). For the construction of Learning Objects depart reconstruction of basic concepts such as deterministic experiments and randomized experiments and definitions and probability concepts addressed in high school. Therefore, the development of this work we chose to use constructive, dynamic, interactive, and reusable in different environments, compatible with current operating systems developed from a technology-based digital web resources. The OA developed here has opened for educational purposes and other professionals make reuse and can be used in different learning modalities: face, hybrid or distance and can still be used in several fields: in formal, corporate or informal education. As we create and we use this tool, we have the goal of creating significant learning and teaching processes, implying that suits its use by students to illustrate what they know how primary objective of showing some contributions of the teaching of probability, using software that enables working with such discipline. Tried to show in a simple and straightforward manner some important teaching probability concepts, and the creation of a Learning Object, the construction of a model class using the OA, using this software, its handling and how it can make teaching more interesting and likely even easier. The research concluded as OA can be useful for teaching probability, allowing, through its various advantages, a new approach to this discipline and may become an important resource in the search for better learning in probability.
Ao longo da história vemos o uso da probabilidade tanto em considerações filosóficas sobre causalidade e acaso, como em várias investigações de problemas relativos a jogos de azar e ainda relacionado a eventos sujeitos ao acaso. No século XI temos os levantamentos populacionais e avaliações agrícolas e na antiguidade temos situações de diversos jogos de azar relacionados com o uso da probabilidade, tendo de certa forma uma abordagem mais lúdica. Porém, com a sistematização do currículo de matemática, houve um certo distanciamento das situações de ludicidade e aprendizagem, perdeu-se a sua importância principalmente com as disciplinas de exatas. Neste trabalho tentamos resgatar essa pratica lúdica com o conteúdo de probabilidade através da construção de situações de aprendizagem com o uso do Objeto de Aprendizagem (OA). Para a construção do Objeto de Aprendizagem partiremos da reconstrução de conceitos básicos como os experimentos determinísticos e os experimentos aleatórios e as definições e conceitos de probabilidade abordadas no ensino médio. Logo, para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho optamos por utilizar recursos digitais construtivos, dinâmicos, interativos e reutilizáveis em diferentes ambientes, compatível com os Sistemas Operacionais correntes elaborados a partir de uma base tecnológica WEB. O OA aqui desenvolvido tem fins educacionais e abertos para outros profissionais fazerem reuso, podendo ser usado nas diversas modalidades de ensino: presencial, híbrida ou a distância e ainda podendo ser utilizado em diversos campos de atuação: na educação formal, corporativa ou informal. Ao criarmos e utilizarmos essa ferramenta, temos, o objetivo de criarmos processos significativos de ensino aprendizagem, implicando que seu uso pelos discentes convenha para ilustrar o que eles sabem como objetivo principal mostrar algumas contribuições do ensino de probabilidade, com a utilização de um software que possibilita trabalhar com tal disciplina. Procurou-se mostrar de uma maneira simples e direta alguns conceitos importantes no ensino de probabilidade, bem como a criação de um Objeto de Aprendizagem, a construção de um modelo de aula utilizando o OA, a utilização desse software, o manuseio do mesmo e como ele pode tornar o ensino de probabilidade mais interessante e até mais fácil. A pesquisa permitiu concluir como o OA pode ser útil ao ensino de probabilidade, permitindo, através de suas várias vantagens, uma nova abordagem dessa disciplina, podendo se tornar um importante recurso na busca de uma melhor aprendizagem em probabilidade.
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Molz, Kurt Werner. "Um Framework para construção de aplicações OO sobre SGBD relacional." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/25974.
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O paradigma da orientação a objetos esta se tomando a abordagem preferida para construção de sistemas em ambiente de banco de dados. Por outro lado, a tecnologia relacional e amplamente adotada para gerenciar dados corporativos. Os bancos de dados relacionais tornaram-se o padrão no armazenamento de dados para aplicações de processamento de transações on-line (OLTP). Estas tendências estão motivando a necessidade de construção de aplicações orientadas a objetos que acessem banco de dados relacionais. 0 uso de conceitos orientado a objetos, como herança, permitem uma modelagem !Dais adequada e uma melhor implementação da aplicação baseada em sistema de banco de dados orientado a objetos. Entretanto, os resultados do projeto orientado a objetos, podem também ser aplicados em sistemas clássicos de banco de dados. 0 trabalho apresenta o uso de padrões de projeto na construção de una arquitetura de um framework que auxilie o mapeamento de uma aplicação 00 a um SGBD relacional. Esta arquitetura segue a abordagem de persistência de objetos baseada em gateways, que é uma camada de software inserida entre o sistema gerenciador de banco de dados e a aplicação orientada a objetos, cujo o objetivo é dar suporte a um modelo de programação de aplicações 00. A característica principal desta arquitetura é a separação clara das classes que tratam da base de dados em relação as classes que tratam do domínio do problema da aplicação. Esta divisão de responsabilidades permite a substituição das classes referentes a base de dados por outras, permitindo a migração da aplicação entre bases de dados diferentes. São apresentados neste trabalho, formas de mapeamentos de esquemas orientados a objetos para esquemas relacionais. Estes mapeamentos acontecem do modelo 00 para o modelo relacional. E importante salientar, que a arquitetura que esta sendo proposta, não vai impedir que aplicações estruturadas deixem ter acesso a base de dados relacional mapeada, pois esta abordagem foi escolhida para permitir que novas aplicações 00 tenham acesso a base de dados relacionais já existentes. Como a implementação deste trabalho segue a abordagem de gateway, são apresentados os conceitos de orientação objetos, e como estes serão suportados na arquitetura, ou seja, o que o gateway devera implementar.The paradigm of the object-oriented is becoming the approach preferred for construction of systems in database environment. On the other hand, the technology relational is adopted thoroughly for management corporate data. The relational databases they became the pattern in the storage of data for applications of processing of transactions on-line (OLTP). These tendencies are motivating the need of construction of applications object-oriented that acessem relational databases. The way of using object-oriented conception, how inheritance, to make possible the better modeling and implementation based in object-oriented database systems. Therefore, the objetc-oriented design results, also is possible to application in classics database systems. The work presents the use of project patterns in the construction of an architecture of a framework that aids the mapeamento of an application 00 to a SGBD relacional. This architecture follows the approach of set persistence of objects in gateways, that is a software layer inserted among the system database manager and the object-oriented application, whose the objective is to give support to a model of programming of applications 00. The main characteristic of this architecture is the clear separation of the classes that are about the database in relation to the classes that are about the domain of the problem of the application. This division of responsibilities allows the substitution of the referring classes the database for other, allowing the migration of the application among different databases. They are presented in this work, forms of mapping the object-oriented model for relational model. These mappings happens of the model 00 for the model relational. It is important to point out, that the architecture that it is being proposed, won't impede that structured applications let to have access to the relational database, because this approach was chosen to allow that new applications 00 has access the relational database already existent. As the implementation of this work follows the gateway approach, the concepts of object-oriented are presented, and as these they will be supported in the architecture, that is to say, which the gateway should implement.
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Leon, Leissi Margarita Castaneda. "Detecção de objetos em vídeos usando misturas de modelos baseados em partes deformáveis obtidas de um conjunto de imagens." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-31102013-094950/.
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A detecção de objetos, pertencentes a uma determinada classe, em vídeos é de uma atividade amplamente estudada devido às aplicações potenciais que ela implica. Por exemplo, para vídeos obtidos por uma câmera estacionária, temos aplicações como segurança ou vigilância do tráfego, e por uma câmera dinâmica, para assistência ao condutor, entre outros. Na literatura, há diferentes métodos para tratar indistintamente cada um dos casos mencionados, e que consideram só imagens obtidas por um único tipo de câmera para treinar os detectores. Isto pode levar a uma baixa performance quando se aplica a técnica em vídeos de diferentes tipos de câmeras. O estado da arte na detecção de objetos de apenas uma classe, mostra uma tendência pelo uso de histogramas, treinamento supervisionado e, basicamente, seguem a seguinte estrutura: construção do modelo da classe de objeto, detecção de candidatos em uma imagem/quadro, e aplicação de uma medida sobre esses candidatos. Outra desvantagem observada é o uso de diferentes modelos para cada linha de visada de um objeto, gerando muitos modelos e, em alguns casos, um classificador para cada linha de visada. Nesta dissertação, abordamos o problema de detecção de objetos, usando um modelo da classe do objeto criada com um conjunto de dados de imagens estáticas e posteriormente usamos o modelo para detectar objetos na seqüência de imagens (vídeos) que foram coletadas a partir de câmeras estacionárias e dinâmicas, ou seja, num cenário totalmente diferente do usado para o treinamento. A criação do modelo é feita em uma fase de aprendizagem off-line, utilizando o conjunto de imagens PASCAL 2007. O modelo baseia-se em uma mistura de modelos baseados em partes deformáveis (MDPM), originalmente proposto por Felzenszwalb et al. (2010b) no âmbito da detecção de objetos em imagens. Não limitamos o modelo para uma determinada linha de visada. Foi elaborado um conjunto de experimentos que exploram o melhor número de componentes da mistura e o número de partes do modelo. Além disso, foi realizado um estudo comparativo de MDPMs simétricas e assimétricas. Testamos esse método para detectar objetos como pessoas e carros em vídeos obtidos por câmera estacionária e dinâmica. Nossos resultados não mostram apenas o bom desempenho da MDPM e melhores resultados que o estado da arte na detecção de objetos em vídeos obtidos por câmeras estacionárias ou dinâmicas, mas também mostram o melhor número de componentes da mistura e as partes para o modelo criado. Finalmente, os resultados mostram algumas diferenças entre as MDPMs simétricas e assimétricas na detecção de objetos em diferentes vídeos.The problem of detecting objects that belong to a specific class of objects, in videos is a widely studied activity due to its potential applications. For example, for videos that have been taken from a stationary camera, we can mention applications such as security and traffic surveillance; when the video have been taken from a dynamic camera, a possible application is autonomous driving. The literature, presents several different approaches to treat indiscriminately with each of the cases mentioned, and only consider images obtained from a stationary or dynamic camera to train the detectors. These approaches can lead to poor performaces when the tecniques are used in sequences of images from different types of camera. The state of the art in the detection of objects that belong to a specific class shows a tendency to the use of histograms, supervised training and basically follows the structure: object class model construction, detection of candidates in the image/frame, and application of a distance measure to those candidates. Another disadvantage is that some approaches use several models for each point of view of the car, generating a lot of models and, in some cases, one classifier for each point of view. In this work, we approach the problem of object detection, using a model of the object class created with a dataset of static images and we use the model to detect objects in videos (sequence of images) that were collected from static and dynamic cameras, i.e., in a totally different setting than used for training. The creation of the model is done by an off-line learning phase, using an image database of cars in several points of view, PASCAL 2007. The model is based on a mixture of deformable part models (MDPM), originally proposed by Felzenszwalb et al. (2010b) for detection in static images. We do not limit the model for any specific viewpoint. A set of experiments was elaborated to explore the best number of components of the integration, as well as the number of parts of the model. In addition, we performed a comparative study of symmetric and asymmetric MDPMs. We evaluated the proposed method to detect people and cars in videos obtained by a static or a dynamic camera. Our results not only show good performance of MDPM and better results than the state of the art approches in object detection on videos obtained from a stationary, or dynamic, camera, but also show the best number of components of the integration and parts or the created object. Finally, results show differences between symmetric and asymmetric MDPMs in the detection of objects in different videos.
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Ferrão, Arlete Maria Vilanculos. "Utilização da UML para estabelecer uma metodologia alicerçada na teoria de aprendizagem significativa para a modelagem de objetos de aprendizagem." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/172177.
Full textAbstract:
A UML é uma linguagem de modelagem largamente aceite entre profissionais da área de computação para a modelagem de sistemas simples e complexos. Tomando em consideração que os objetos de aprendizagem são entidades digitais, para o seu desenvolvimento, a utilização de metodologias torna-se um imperativo, se o objetivo for o de oferecer ao setor de educação ferramentas capazes de apoiar o processo de ensino aprendizagem. Os objetos de aprendizagem são ferramentas que podem contribuir para o aluno alcançar a aprendizagem significativa, se forem desenvolvidos dentro dos parâmetros considerados facilitadores da aprendizagem significativa. A presente pesquisa propõe uma metodologia alicerçada na aprendizagem significativa, denominada Metodologia de Modelagem de objetos de aprendizagem em UML (MOAUML) baseada em princípios de UML e de Design Instrucional, para a modelagem de objetos de aprendizagem, com vista a facilitar o desenvolvimento de objetos de aprendizagem que favoreçam a aprendizagem. Objetivando a validação da metodologia, equipes com diferentes perfis profissionais, modelaram 9 objetos de aprendizagem entre novos e legados. O resultado das modelagens mostrou que a utilização da MOAUML contribui para a facilidade na modelagem de objetos de aprendizagem, embora tenha sido mais fácil para equipes que já estavam familiarizadas com métodos de modelagem de software.The UML is a widely accepted modelling language among computer specialists from simple to complex systems. In order to develop learning objects as digital entities, it is very important the utilization of any methodology aiming to deliver to the education sector capable tools for supporting the process of teaching learning. The learning objects are powerful tools that can contribute for student’s achievement of meaningful learning. This fact can be true only if the development procedures satisfied some characteristics considered facilitators of meaningful learning. This study proposes a methodology based on the meaningful learning, designated Modelling of Learning Objects Using UML (MOAUML) based on principles of UML and Instructional Design, for the modelling of learning objects targeting to facilitate the development of learning objects that promote meaningful learning. In order to validate the MOAUML, different teams with distinguish profiles, were modelled 9 learning objects among news and legacies. The results of that process disclosed that the use of MOAUML contributes to the ease of modelling learning objects, although it has been easier for teams that were already familiar with software modelling processes.
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OLIVEIRA, Maurício Faria de. "Metaprogramação e Metadados de Persistência e Indexação para o Framework Object-Injection." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNIFEI, 2012. http://repositorio.unifei.edu.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/1052.
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Este trabalho desenvolve uma metodologia fundamentada em metaprogramação para automatizar a implementação de interfaces de persistência e indexação do framework Object-Injection em classes de aplicações. Através da análise de metadados em classes de aplicações, são geradas classes auxiliares, compatíveis em interface e estado, contendo implementação de interfaces e autogerenciamento de persistência e indexação, de forma transparente e minimamente intrusiva para a aplicação. São implementados validadores e geradores de classes de tempo de compilação e execução baseados em processadores de anotações (tempo de compilação) e reflexão combinada à compilação (tempo de execução), considerando aspectos de desempenho e flexibilidade. São implementadas, também, classes de vínculo entre aplicação e framework simplificadas. Com este trabalho, a interação entre aplicação e framework é minimizada à anotações e um gerenciador de entidades, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de aplicações adotando o framework Object-Injection.
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Pang, Jin. "A generative integrated and intelligent process planning system for machining parts." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287859.
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Dubbin, Gregory. "Applying particle filtering to unsupervised part-of-speech induction." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:48caedb6-478f-4bb0-8ca7-975ee7fe5e38.
Full textAbstract:
Statistical Natural Language Processing (NLP) lies at the intersection of Computational Linguistics and Machine Learning. As linguistic models incorporate more subtle nuances of language and its structure, standard inference techniques can fall behind. One such application is research on the unsupervised induction of part-of-speech tags. It has the potential to improve both our understanding of the plausibility of theories of first language acquisition, and Natural Language Processing applications such as Speech Recognition and Machine Translation. Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) approaches, i.e. particle filters, are well suited to approximating such models. This thesis seeks to determine whether one application of SMC methods, particle Gibbs sampling, is capable of performing inference in otherwise intractable NLP applications. Specifically, this research analyses the benefits and drawbacks to relying on particle Gibbs to perform unsupervised part-of-speech induction without the flawed one-tag-per-type assumption of similar approaches. Additionally, this thesis explores the affects of type-based supervision with tag-dictionaries extracted from annotated corpora or from the wiktionary. The semi-supervised tag dictionary improves the performance of the local Gibbs PYP-HMM sampler enough to nearly match the performance of the particle Gibbs type-sampler. Finally, this thesis also extends the Pitman-Yor HMM tagger of Blunsom and Cohn (2011) to include an explicit model of the lexicon which encodes those tags from which a word-type may be generated. This has the effect of both biasing the model to produce fewer tags per type and modelling the tendency for open class words to be ambiguous between only a subset of the available tags. Furthermore, I extend the type based particle Gibbs inference algorithm to simultaneously resample the ambiguity class as well as tags for all of the tokens of a given word type. The result is a principled probabilistic model of part-of-speech induction that achieves state-of-the-art performance. Overall, the experiments and contributions of this thesis demonstrate the applicability of the particle Gibbs sampler and particle methods in general to otherwise intractable problems in NLP.
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Valério, Joana Alexandra dos Santos. "Quero-te, para gostar de mim: um estudo sobre os relacionamentos amorosos e a auto-estima." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/10965.
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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo perceber se o nível de autoestima do indivíduo
interfere na escolha do Objeto amoroso, tendo em conta a existência de três tipos de
relacionamento amoroso – Submisso-Idealizador, Eufórico-Idealizante e Evitante-
Desnarcisante - visando uma ligação ao outro de modo a colmatar as falhas ou
fragilidades sentidas ao nível do Self.
A amostra do presente estudo foi constituída por 180 estudantes pertencentes à
Universidade de Évora. Foi aplicado um protocolo constituído pelos instrumentos:
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Inventário de Tipos de Relacionamento Amoroso e
Inventário de Necessidades de Objetos do Self.
Tendo em conta os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que nos três tipos de
relacionamentos amorosos a autoestima está fragilizada havendo uma correlação
significativa com as Necessidades de Objetos do Self, admitindo que a ligação ao
Objeto amoroso é estabelecida com a finalidade de reparar falhas narcísicas sentidas
ao nível do Self e da autoestima; *** Abstract:
“I want you, so that I can love me”: A study of love relationships and self-esteem
The present paper aims to realize if the individual’s level of self-esteem interferes with
the choice of the loved Object, taking into account the existence of three types of love
relationships – Submissive-Idealizer, Euphoric-Idealizing and Avoidant-Devaluate –
intending to achieve a connection to the other in order to address gaps or weaknesses
perceived in the Self level.
The present study consisted of 180 students belonging to the University of Évora. It
was administrated a protocol with the following instruments: Rosenberg Self-Esteem
Scale, Love Relations Type Inventory and Selfobjects Needs Inventory.
Taking into account the results obtained, it is concluded that in the three types of love
relationships the self-esteem is fragile having a significant correlation with the Self
Object needs, assuming that the connection to the loved Object is established to repair
the narcissistic wounds felted in self-esteem and Self.
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Zhang, Luying. "Rotating instability on steam turbine blades at part-load conditions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cf8ecad1-0fd2-49b7-8e28-6d00c62c173e.
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A computational study aimed at improving the understanding of rotating instability in the LP steam turbine last stage working under low flow rate conditions is described in this thesis. A numerical simulation framework has been developed to investigate into the instability flow field. Two LP model turbine stages are studied under various flow rate conditions. By using the 2D simulations as reference and comparing the results to those of the 3D simulations, the basic physical mechanism of rotating instability is analysed. The pressure ratio characteristics across the rotor row tip are found to be crucial to the inception of rotating instability. The captured instability demonstrates a 2D mechanism based on the circumferential variation of unsteady separation flow in the rotor row. The 3D tip clearance flow is found not a necessary cause of the instability onset. Several influential parameters on the instability flow are also investigated by a set of detailed studies on different turbine configurations. The results show that the instability flow pattern and characteristics can be altered by the gap distance between the stator and rotor row, the rotor blading and the stator row stagger angle. Some flow control approaches are proposed based on the observations, which may also serve as design reference. The tip region 3D vortex flow upstream to the rotor row is also captured by the simulations under low flow rate conditions. Its appearance is found to be able to suppress the inception of rotating instability by disrupting the interaction between the rotor separation flow and the incoming flow. Finally, some recommendations for further work are proposed.
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Ferraz, Rodrigo Barroca Dias. "Um modelo de objetos e arquitetura para aplicações distribuídas de realidade virtual." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-09042018-074824/.
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Técnicas e ferramentas (middlewares para desenvolvimento de aplicações distribuídas são utilizadas no caso dos recursos de um único computador não serem suficientes, ou para atender requisitos de qualidade de serviço, ou mesmo para abranger uma maior quantidade de usuários. A Realidade Virtual é uma das áreas da computação a sua complexidade, se beneficia de tais técnicas e middlewares, seja para proporcionar ambientes mais imersivos e/ou possibilitar a interação de múltiplos usuários. A Realidade Virtual engloba uma ampla diversidade de aplicações, incluindo infraestruturas de alta imersão, jogos multi-jogadores, e simuladores de voo, e cada classe de aplicação têm demandas específicas de distribuição, como escalabilidade, ou requisitos de tempo-real, entre outros. Devido à complexidade e a essa diversidade de aplicações de realidade virtual, as alternativas de middlewares disponíveis atendem requisitos específicos de uma única classe, ou, as genéricas, não fornecem modelos de objetos, comunicação ou execução favoráveis às aplicações de realidade virtual. Esse trabalho tem o objetivo de propor um novo modelo de objetos e arquitetura de um middleware para desenvolvimento de aplicações distribuídas de realidade virtual suficientemente flexível para atender diversas classes de aplicações. O modelo de objetos proposto une os modelos publicador/assinante e requisição/ resposta em uma única entidade similar aos objetos do paradigma de programação orientada a objetos, que, além de empregar conceitos intuitivos para desenvolvedores, possibilita o desacoplamento lógico entre os processos, simplificando o projeto e a implementação das aplicações distribuídas. O principal diferencial desta abordagem é a possibilidade de distribuir a implementação de cada membro dos objetos em diferentes processos.Techniques and middlewares for distributed application development are used in cases the resources available in a single computer are not enough for the demanded complexity, to meet the required quality of services, or even to cover a greater number of users. The Virtual Reality is one of the computer fields that, because of its complexity, benefits from such techniques and tools, either to provide more immersive virtual environments, or to enable multi-user interaction. The Virtual Reality covers a wide range of applications, including high immersion infrastructures, multiplayer games, and full mission flight simulators. Each application class has specifics distribution demands, such as high scalability, or real-time requirements. Because of complexity and the diversity of virtual reality applications, the distribution solutions available meet the specific requirements of a single class, or the generic ones do not provide object, communication, or execution favorable for virtual reality applications. This work proposes a new model of objects and architecture of a middleware for distributed virtual reality applications that is flexible enough to suit several classes of applications. The proposed object model joins the publisher/subscriber and request/response models to a single logic entity similar to the objects of the object-oriented programming paradigm. Besides being an intuitive concept for developers, this entity enable logical decoupling between processes, simplifying the design and implementation of distributed applications. The main feature of this approach is the possibility to distribute the implementation of each member of the objects in different processes.
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Schellhammer, Christopher Paul. "Positions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45324.
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This companion of short essays, images and drawings are parts to a whole: a series of independent studies in search of architectural understandings. While this â projectâ has been underway for several years, until recently the thread of relevance between studies has been untethered. Now at the end, I come to the beginning of this book to suggest the emerging relevance to these studies: architectural harmony.
And because the process of understanding is one of sorting things out, this compilation should be appreciated as such. Thus, it is by no means comprehensive or conclusive, despite its presence as a completed work. Indeed, the writing of this book is itself a sorting activity. It is not a report of absolute findings, supported by irrefutable references or statistical data points. Readers should therefore enter the book as a student, engaged in question making, discoursing with another also searching in these pages.
Herein lies emerging positions, built up from root questions. Because of this, these positions will likely change with time and may never find absolute resolution. If forced to side with one position at this time, it must be the acknowledgement that there are many. Indeed, many valid positions exist and perhaps, more importantly, coexist.
This is the nature of harmony as well. Harmony in architecture is less about notions of something specific, final or pleasing and is more about the poise of phenomenal states: where relationships of part to part and parts to whole form entireties whose identities are appreciable for more than their singularity or their totality.
Because harmony is a ex post facto backdrop for these studies, it is not persistent theme throughout the book. Part 1 is dedicated to positions best described as taking stock; for example, taking stock of subjects, such as knots or the square; taking stock of situations and roles, such as modes of inquiry and the responsibility of design; taking stock of oneâ s own dispositions, so to set out a consistent relationship between the players and the field of play.
Part 2 describes the thesis project with demonstrations and words. Words are inevitable in discussing the work. They help articulate observations and defend design decisions and sensibilities. Some of these observations are described as if the project exists. But because an architectural thesis often uses demonstrations to provide examples in lieu of final constructions, it is hard to gauge the extent to which these speculations are imagined or drawn out by demonstration.
The book concludes with Part 3. The thesis defense lecture is one distillation of harmony that closely examines a fragment of the project as an example of part and whole.
Alas, it is in the very nature of using words to understand architecture, especially if the author of text and line are one in the same, that an authorâ s a priori intentions and their a posteriori evaluations of the work are susceptible to mix. Further, such an author is faced with a paradox; on the one hand, he is the expert, on the other, he is in no position to claim ultimate authority. Compatibility between work and word exists partially in the mind and partially in the eyes. It is indeed difficult (perhaps impossible) to step outside the self enough to accurately compare and contrast word and work. With this point established, the work is not only subject to critique, but so is this evaluation of it.
To conclude these preparatory remarks, as the direct benefactor of these studies, my appreciation of harmony in architecture is reaching that elusive position where, with each layer of understanding made clear, additional layers of opacity are encountered. In other words, questions are answered with yet more questions. For example, should harmony be understood as cause or effect? Does harmony exist out of time or completely in it?
Thus, standard definitions are quite inadequate for architectural understandings of harmony. And while it might be helpful to break harmony down into digestible parts, this reductive inventory does not render a harmonic assembly. Furthermore, even the most lucid of explanations do not translate well into examples such to instruct. It seems the type of thing, perhaps like color, is best known through repetitive and thoughtful experience. This is just the start where even assumptions brought to the table must be checked.
Despite these quandaries, my challenge for this book is to reveal something fundamental, albeit modest, to readers, and in the end, for architecture.Master of Architecture
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Sousa, Humberto Costa de. "Um Framework para criação e simulação de Redes Neurais Artificiais utilizando Component Object Model." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-28022018-103002/.
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Tarefas envolvendo Reconhecimento de Padrões vêm se tornando mais freqüentes em diferentes domínios de aplicação. A maioria destas tarefas tem sido eficientemente tratada através da utilização de Redes Neurais Artificiais. Entre os modelos de Redes Neurais mais difundidos, destaca-se o modelo Perceptron Multi-Camadas (Multi-Layer Perceptron ou MLP). Entretanto, o desempenho de uma Rede Neural MLP em um determinado problema depende diretamente da topologia adotada, que deve ser determinada no inicio do processo de treinamento. A escolha da topologia de uma Rede Neural não é trivial, normalmente resultando em uma busca exaustiva pela configuração mais apropriada. Com o objetivo de auxiliar a determinação da topologia de uma Rede Neural, vários métodos foram desenvolvidos para a automação deste processo, entre os quais encontram-se as Redes Neurais Construtivas. Estas redes utilizam Algoritmos Construtivos que, a partir de uma rede mínima, inserem gradualmente novos neurônios e conexões durante o treinamento, procurando melhorar o desempenho da mesma. Contudo, a avaliação da melhor aplicação de diferentes Algoritmos Construtivos em um mesmo problema depende da homogeneidade do seu ambiente de treinamento. Este trabalho fornece a definição de um conjunto de classes abstratas para permitir que diferentes algoritmos de treinamento, incluindo Algoritmos Construtivos, sejam criados como componentes com acesso estritamente definido para futura utilização em diferentes aplicações. Através do uso destes componentes em uma nova versão do Simulador para Redes Neurais Artificiais Kipu, a análise da eficiência de Redes Neurais Construtivas em tarefas reais de Reconhecimento de Padrões teve início.Tasks involving Pattern Recognition are becoming more frequent in many applications. Most of these tasks have been efficiently handled by Artificial Neural Networks. One of the most common models used is the MLP (Multi-Layer Perceptron), though its performance is directly dependent on the chosen topology, which it must be set in the beginning of the training process. The choice of a Neural Network topology is not trivial, and usually becomes an exhaustive search for the most appropriate configuration. Several methods have been developed to automatically find a suitable Neural Network topology, including Constructive Neural Networks. These networks are trained by Constructive Algorithms which, starting from a minimal topology, gradually insert new neurons and connections, aming to improve the network\'s performance. Nevertheless, the evaluation of the best use of such algorithms in a given task depends on the homogeneity of the training environment. This work provides the definition of a set of abstract classes which allow different training algorithms, including Constructive Algorithms, to be built as components with strictly defined access in order to be used in different applications. By using these components in a new version of the Kipu Neural Network Simulator, it is possible to begin analyzing the efficiency of Constructive Neural Networks in real Pattern Recognition tasks.
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Sonoda, Eloiza Helena. "OOPS - Object-Oriented Parallel System. Um framework de classes para a programação científica paralela." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-14022007-101855/.
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Neste trabalho foi realizado o projeto e o desenvolvimento do framework de classes OOPS - Object-Oriented Parallel System. Esta é uma ferramenta que utiliza orientação a objetos para apoiar a implementação de programas científicos concorrentes para execução paralela. O OOPS fornece abstrações de alto nível para que o programador da aplicação não se envolva diretamente com detalhes de implementação paralela, sem contudo ocultar completamente aspectos paralelos de projeto, como particionamento e distribuição dos dados, por questões de eficiência e de desempenho da aplicação. Para isso, o OOPS apresenta um conjunto de classes que permitem o encapsulamento de técnicas comumente encontradas em programação de sistemas paralelos. Utiliza o conceito de processadores virtuais organizados em grupos, aos quais podem ser aplicadas topologias que fornecem modos de comunicação entre os processadores virtuais, e contêineres podem ter seus elementos distribuídos por essas topologias, com componentes paralelos atuando sobre eles. A utilização das classes fornecidas pelo OOPS facilita a implementação do código sem adicionar sobrecarga significativa à aplicação paralela, representando uma camada fina sobre a biblioteca de passagem de mensagens usada.This work describes the design and development of the OOPS (Object Oriented Parallel System) class framework, which is a tool that uses object orientation to support programming of concurrent scientific applications for parallel execution. OOPS provides high level abstractions to avoid application programmer\'s involvement with many parallel implementation details. For performance considerations, some parallel aspects such as decomposition and data distribution are not completely hidden from the application programmer. To achieve its intents, OOPS encapsulates some programming techniques frequently used for parallel systems. Virtual processors are organized in groups, over which topologies that provide communication between the processors can be constructed; distributed containers have their elements distributed across the processors of a topology, and parallel components use these containers for their work. The use of the classes supplied by OOPS simplifies the implementation of parallel applications, without incurring in pronounced overhead. OOPS is thus a thin layer over the message passing interface used for its implementation.