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Journal articles on the topic 'Parthenogenesis in plants'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 February 2023

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1

Shi-Qi, Zhou, Qian De-Qi, and Cao Xiu-Yun. "Induction of parthenogenesis, and chromosome behavior in plants of parthenogenetic origin in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)." Genome 34, no. 2 (1991): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-040.

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Different chemical, physical, and biological treatments were applied to emasculated flower buds of cotton hybrids (Gossypium hirsutum, 2n = 4x = 52) of various genotypes with the purpose of inducing haploid parthenogenesis. Of the treatments applied, the most effective chemical treatment was 0.2% colchicine in 0.2% dimethyl sulfoxide (1.22% parthenogenetic seed set), the most effective physical treatment was high temperature (2.66% parthenogenetic seed set), and the most effective biological treatment was pollination with Hibiscus cannabinus pollen (2.33% parthenogenetic seed set). In the prog

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Conner, Joann A., Muruganantham Mookkan, Heqiang Huo, Keun Chae, and Peggy Ozias-Akins. "A parthenogenesis gene of apomict origin elicits embryo formation from unfertilized eggs in a sexual plant." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 36 (2015): 11205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1505856112.

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Apomixis is a naturally occurring mode of asexual reproduction in flowering plants that results in seed formation without the involvement of meiosis or fertilization of the egg. Seeds formed on an apomictic plant contain offspring genetically identical to the maternal plant. Apomixis has significant potential for preserving hybrid vigor from one generation to the next in highly productive crop plant genotypes. Apomictic Pennisetum/Cenchrus species, members of the Poaceae (grass) family, reproduce by apospory. Apospory is characterized by apomeiosis, the formation of unreduced embryo sacs deriv

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Hörandl, Elvira. "Geographical Parthenogenesis in Alpine and Arctic Plants." Plants 12, no. 4 (2023): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12040844.

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The term “Geographical parthenogenesis” describes the phenomenon that asexual organisms usually occupy larger and more northern distribution areas than their sexual relatives, and tend to colonize previously glaciated areas. Several case studies on alpine and arctic plants confirm the geographical pattern, but the causal factors behind the phenomenon are still unclear. Research of the last decade in several plant families has shed light on the question and evaluated some of the classical evolutionary theories. Results confirmed, in general, that the advantages of uniparental reproduction enabl

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4

Hosseini Grouh, Mohammad Sadat, Kourosh Vahdati, Mahmoud Lotfi, Darab Hassani, and Nejat Pirvali Biranvand. "Production of Haploids in Persian Walnut through Parthenogenesis Induced by Gamma-irradiated Pollen." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 136, no. 3 (2011): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.136.3.198.

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We report the first successful regeneration of haploid lines in persian walnut (Juglans regia) developed by in situ parthenogenesis followed by embryo rescue. Female flowers of cultivars Hartley and Pedro and two native Iranian selections (Z63 and Z67) were pollinated using pollen of selections Z53 and Z30 that had been irradiated with gamma rays at five doses (50, 150, 300, 600, and 900 Gy). Gamma-irradiated pollen induced fruit set and development of some parthenogenetic embryos. The immature embryos were excised 30 and 45 days after pollination, cultured in vitro, and then stratified for 30

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Noyes, Richard D., and Loren H. Rieseberg. "Two Independent Loci Control Agamospermy (Apomixis) in the Triploid Flowering Plant Erigeron annuus." Genetics 155, no. 1 (2000): 379–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/155.1.379.

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Abstract Asexual seed production (agamospermy) via gametophytic apomixis in flowering plants typically involves the formation of an unreduced megagametophyte (via apospory or diplospory) and the parthenogenetic development of the unreduced egg cell into an embryo. Agamospermy is almost exclusively restricted to polyploids. In this study, the genetic basis of agamospermy was investigated in a segregating population of 130 F1's from a cross between triploid (2n = 27) agamospermous Erigeron annuus and sexual diploid (2n = 18) E. strigosus. Correlations between markers and phenotypes and linkage a

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Carlos Henrique Marchiori. "Importance of Cynipidae Family (Hymenoptera) ornamental and food plants." International Journal of Frontiers in Science and Technology Research 3, no. 1 (2022): 001–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53294/ijfstr.2022.3.1.0044.

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Reproduction of gall wasps is partially by sexual reproduction and partially by parthenogenesis, where the male is completely unnecessary. As in many species, however, there is an alternation of generations with one to two sexual generations and one parthenogenetic generation annually. This process differentiates the various generations in their appearance and in the way they induce the galls. The larvae of many species develop gallant characteristics; and there are also many species that are tenants or parasites of other gall wasps, such as those of the genus Synergus. This mini review aims t

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Alatortseva, Tatyana Alekseevna. "Peculiarities of in vitro parthenogenesis of unpollinated maize ovaries." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 4 (2017): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201764101.

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The maize line AT-1 is characterized by a hereditary predisposition to parthenogenesis. The aim of this investigation is to study parthenogenetic embryo development in the culture of unpollinated ovaries in vitro . The unpollinated ovaries were explanted in 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 days after the appearance of stigmas from ears. The nutrient medium included mineral components of MS, vitamins, sucrose (9,0%), 2,4-D (2,0 mg/l), agar-agar. The structure of megagametophytes at the time of inoculation of the ovaries and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21th, 28th day of cultivation was studied. The first divisions

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8

Muren, Roger C. "Haploid Plant Induction from Unpollinated Ovaries in Onion." HortScience 24, no. 5 (1989): 833–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.5.833.

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Abstract Parthenogenesis was induced in vitro in unpollinated ovaries of onion (Allium cepa L.). Sucrose concentration and stage of megaspore development affected parthenogenesis, while high- or low-temperature shocks had no stimulatory effect. Maximum embryo induction was on B5 medium supplemented with 2 mg 2,4-D/liter + 2 mg BA/liter and 10% sucrose. More than 250 plants were regenerated, of which 70% were determined cytologically to be haploid.

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Zhang, Zhifen, Joann Conner, Yinping Guo, and Peggy Ozias-Akins. "Haploidy in Tobacco Induced by PsASGR-BBML Transgenes via Parthenogenesis." Genes 11, no. 9 (2020): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11091072.

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Background: Engineering apomixis in sexually reproducing plants has been long desired because of the potential to fix hybrid vigor. Validating the functionality of genes originated from apomictic species that contribute to apomixis upon transfer to sexually reproducing species is an important step. The PsASGR-BABYBOOM-like (PsASGR-BBML) gene from Pennisetum squamulatum confers parthenogenesis in this apomict, and its functionality was demonstrated in several sexually reproducing monocots but not in any dicots. Methods: We introduced the PsASGR-BBML gene regulated by egg cell-specific promoters

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Asker, Sven. "Viewpoints on apornictic and sexual reproduction in angiosperms." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 50, no. 1-2 (2014): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1981.031.

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Gametophytic apomixis implies different changes of the reproductive cycle of sexual plants. Each of these "elements of apomixis" occurs in sexual plants, which may even display functional diploid parthenogenesis. Thus, apomixis, like vegetative reproduction, is part of the reproductive behaviour of sexual plants, becoming important when sexual reproduction is impaired. The elements of apomixis are probably to a large extent under polygenic control.

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Van Dijk, Peter J., Rik Op den Camp, and Stephen E. Schauer. "Genetic Dissection of Apomixis in Dandelions Identifies a Dominant Parthenogenesis Locus and Highlights the Complexity of Autonomous Endosperm Formation." Genes 11, no. 9 (2020): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11090961.

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Apomixis in the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) consists of three developmental components: diplospory (apomeiosis), parthenogenesis, and autonomous endosperm development. The genetic basis of diplospory, which is inherited as a single dominant factor, has been previously elucidated. To uncover the genetic basis of the remaining components, a cross between a diploid sexual seed parent and a triploid apomictic pollen donor was made. The resulting 95 triploid progeny plants were genotyped with co-dominant simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers and phenotyped for apomixis as a whole and for

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Palumbo, Fabio, Elisa Pasquali, Emidio Albertini, and Gianni Barcaccia. "A Review of Unreduced Gametes and Neopolyploids in Alfalfa: How to Fill the Gap between Well-Established Meiotic Mutants and Next-Generation Genomic Resources." Plants 10, no. 5 (2021): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10050999.

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The gene flow mediated by unreduced gametes between diploid and tetraploid plants of the Medicagosativa-coerulea-falcata complex is pivotal for alfalfa breeding. Sexually tetraploidized hybrids could represent the best way to exploit progressive heterosis simultaneously derived from gene diversity, heterozygosity, and polyploidy. Moreover, unreduced gametes combined with parthenogenesis (i.e., apomixis) would enable the cloning of plants through seeds, providing a unique opportunity for the selection of superior genotypes with permanently fixed heterosis. This reproductive strategy has never b

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HULLÉ, MAURICE, D. PANNETIER, J. C. SIMON, P. VERNON, and Y. FRENOT. "Aphids of sub-Antarctic Îles Crozet and Kerguelen: species diversity, host range and spatial distribution." Antarctic Science 15, no. 2 (2003): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102003001184.

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The native terrestrial food web of sub-Antarctic islands is dominated by decomposers with rare herbivores and almost no predators. As a consequence of increasing human activities, the number of alien plants and invertebrates species, including phytophagous species, has been dramatically rising on these islands. These repeated introductions seem likely to have a great impact on the ecosystem functioning. This is the first detailed study on species diversity, host range and spatial distribution of aphids on French sub-Antarctic islands. Six cosmopolitan and polyphagous aphid species have been re

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Claveria, Elisabet, Jordi Garcia-Mas, and Ramon Dolcet-Sanjuan. "Optimization of Cucumber Doubled Haploid Line Production Using In Vitro Rescue of In Vivo Induced Parthenogenic Embryos." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 130, no. 4 (2005): 555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.130.4.555.

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Homozygous doubled haploid lines (DHLs) from new cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) accessions could be useful to accelerate breeding for resistant varieties. DHLs have been generated by in vitro rescue of in vivo induced parthenogenic embryos. The protocol developed involves the following: 1) induction of parthenogenic embryos by pollinating with pollen irradiated with a Co60 γ-ray source at 500 Gy; 2) in vitro rescue of putative parthenogenic embryos identified by their morphology and localized using a dissecting scope or X-ray radiography; 3) discrimination of undesirable zygotic individuals fro

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15

Cavalcante, Ana C. C., Peterson R. Demite, Felipe S. R. Amaral, Antonio C. Lofego, and Gilberto J. de Moraes. "Complementary description of Neoseiulus tunus (De Leon) (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) and observation on its reproductive strategy." Acarologia 57, no. 3 (2017): 591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20174178.

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Neoseiulus tunus (De Leon) is one of the most frequent species of this genus in the Neotropical Region, reported on several plants and localities. In this study, the morphological characterization of various Brazilian populations of this species is presented. Females and males are illustrated. Neoseiulus neotunus (Denmark and Muma) is here considered a junior synonymn of N. tunus. Thelytokous parthenogenesis is reported for the first time for this species, based on two populations.

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16

Farizah, Nuril, Muhammad Zairin, Latifah K. Darusman, Arief Boediono, and Muhammad Agus Suprayudi. "Melastoma malabraticum L as Potential Inducer in Spawning Process and Number of Daphnia sp. Offspring." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1083, no. 1 (2022): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1083/1/012069.

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Abstract The aimed of the study was to evaluate the ethanol extract of M. malabraticum L as an inducer in the spawning process and the number of juvenile daphnids from Parthenogenesis femaleof Daphnia sp. The experiment was divided into two stages. Firstly, the experiment consisted of the phytochemical screening of medicinal plants, M. malabraticum L isolation and characterization of the bioactive compound through GC-MS. Secondly, the extraction of M. malabraticum L leaf, the production of Parthenogenesis female and in vivo assay on daphnia sp. The experiment composed of four treatment groups

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17

Giorgini, M., U. Bernardo, M. M. Monti, A. G. Nappo, and M. Gebiola. "Rickettsia Symbionts Cause Parthenogenetic Reproduction in the Parasitoid Wasp Pnigalio soemius (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 8 (2010): 2589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03154-09.

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ABSTRACT Bacteria in the genus Rickettsia are intracellular symbionts of disparate groups of organisms. Some Rickettsia strains infect vertebrate animals and plants, where they cause diseases, but most strains are vertically inherited symbionts of invertebrates. In insects Rickettsia symbionts are known to have diverse effects on hosts ranging from influencing host fitness to manipulating reproduction. Here we provide evidence that a Rickettsia symbiont causes thelytokous parthenogenesis (in which mothers produce only daughters from unfertilized eggs) in a parasitoid wasp, Pnigalio soemius (Hy

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18

Dexter-Boone, Abigail, Matt Humphry, Rui Shi, and Ramsey S. Lewis. "Genetic Control of Facultative Parthenocarpy in Nicotiana tabacum L." Journal of Heredity 110, no. 5 (2019): 610–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esz025.

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Abstract Investigation of parthenocarpy, the production of fruit without fertilization, in multiple plant species could result in development of technologies for conferring seedless fruits and increased stability of fruit formation in economically important plants. We studied parthenocarpy in the model species Nicotiana tabacum L., and observed variability for expression of the trait among diverse genetic materials. Parthenocarpy was found to be partially dominant, and a single major quantitative trait locus on linkage group 22 was found to control the trait in a doubled haploid mapping popula

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Yu, Ping, N. Prakash, and R. D. B. Whalley. "Sexual and apomictic seed development in the vulnerable grass Bothriochloa biloba." Australian Journal of Botany 51, no. 1 (2003): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt02003.

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Embryological investigations on three populations of the vulnerable grass species Bothriochloa biloba point to a complex reproductive system involving both sexual and apomictic mechanisms. The apomictic mode in this species is far more complicated than has been reported earlier in the genus. It includes non-recurrent parthenogenesis and pseudogamy in the sexual embryo sac, as well as recurrent apospory and adventive embryony from somatic cells. Furthermore, multiple aposporous embryo sacs occur that are not limited to the typical Hieracium and Panicum types. Evidence from bagging individual in

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Karbstein, Kevin, Salvatore Tomasello, Ladislav Hodač, Ellen Lorberg, Mareike Daubert, and Elvira Hörandl. "Moving beyond assumptions: Polyploidy and environmental effects explain a geographical parthenogenesis scenario in European plants." Molecular Ecology 30, no. 11 (2021): 2659–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.15919.

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Daniyarov, U., and S. Navruzov. "Selection of partenogenetic clones for mixing with fine silkworm breeds in the conditions of Uzbekistan." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1068, no. 1 (2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1068/1/012020.

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Abstract The creation and introduction into production of new breeds and hybrids that meet the needs of the world market and industrial enterprises through the development of selection methods for breeding stations and seed enterprises is of great scientific and practical importance. In this regard, the work of a number of local and international scientists is devoted to the selection and creation of new breeds and hybrids of mulberry silkworm on the basis of leading selection traits. The effectiveness of the artificial parthenogenesis method developed in our laboratory is that the effect appl

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Zargar, Meisam, Tatiana Zavarykina, Sergey Voronov, Irina Pronina, and Maryam Bayat. "The Recent Development in Technologies for Attaining Doubled Haploid Plants In Vivo." Agriculture 12, no. 10 (2022): 1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12101595.

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Haploid plants with a doubled set of chromosomes (doubled haploid (DH)) significantly speed up the selection process by the fixation of genetic traits in each locus in the homozygous state within one generation. Doubled haploids are mainly attained by the formation of plants from the cultured gametophytic (haploid) tissues and cells in vitro, or by targeted reduction in the parent chromosome during intra- or interspecific hybridization. Since then, DH has become one of the most powerful tools to support various basic research studies, as well as applied research. This review is focused on the

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Scheben, Armin, and Diego Hojsgaard. "Can We Use Gene-Editing to Induce Apomixis in Sexual Plants?" Genes 11, no. 7 (2020): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11070781.

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Apomixis, the asexual formation of seeds, is a potentially valuable agricultural trait. Inducing apomixis in sexual crop plants would, for example, allow breeders to fix heterosis in hybrid seeds and rapidly generate doubled haploid crop lines. Molecular models explain the emergence of functional apomixis, i.e., apomeiosis + parthenogenesis + endosperm development, as resulting from a combination of genetic or epigenetic changes that coordinate altered molecular and developmental steps to form clonal seeds. Apomixis-like features and synthetic clonal seeds have been induced with limited succes

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Rattanawannee, Atsalek, Kanyanat Wongsa, and Orawan Duangphakdee. "Analysis of Genetic Variation Among Cowpea Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Populations Evidenced from Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Sequences." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 113, no. 3 (2019): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saz055.

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Abstract Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) or cowpea aphid is a polyphagous insect pest that feeds on a variety of leguminous plants. We determined the contribution of host-associated genetic differentiation on population structure using the sequence data generated from analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b oxidase (Cytb) and nuclear elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1-alpha) of A. craccivora collected from cultivated yardlong bean [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) H. Ohashi.] (Fabales: Fabaceae) and winged bean [Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) D.C.] (Fabales: Fabac

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Falistocco, Egizia, Gianpiero Marconi, Lorenzo Raggi, Daniele Rosellini, Marilena Ceccarelli, and Emidio Albertini. "Variation of microsporogenesis in sexual, apomictic and recombinant plants of Poa pratensis L." Caryologia 74, no. 4 (2022): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1375.

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Apomixis is a rather widespread phenomenon in plants. It is defined as the asexual formation of a seed from the maternal tissues of the ovule, avoiding the processes of meiosis and fertilization. Some species are facultative apomicts and form seeds by means of sexual and apomictic pathways to different extents. This is the case of Poa pratensis, the Kentucky bluegrass, which reproduces by aposporous pseudogamous facultative apomixis. This grass is one of the most studied apomictic systems, however some aspects, such as the male meiotic behavior, have not been so far investigated. In this study

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Volokhina, Irina, Yury Gusev, Yelizaveta Moiseeva, Olga Gutorova, Vladimir Fadeev, and Mikhail Chumakov. "Gene Expression in Parthenogenic Maize Proembryos." Plants 10, no. 5 (2021): 964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10050964.

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Angiosperm plants reproduce both sexually and asexually (by apomixis). In apomictic plants, the embryo and endosperm develop without fertilization. Modern maize seems to have a broken apomixis-triggering mechanism, which still works in Tripsacum and in Tripsacum–maize hybrids. For the first time, maize lines characterized by pronounced and inheritable high-frequency maternal parthenogenesis were generated 40 years ago, but there are no data on gene expression in parthenogenic maize proembryos. Here we examined for the first time gene expression in parthenogenic proembryos isolated from unpolli

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Kranti, Waghmare, Ghayal Nivedita, and Mahesh Shindikar. "Understanding the Plant Aphid Interaction: A Review." European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 2, no. 6 (2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2021.2.6.294.

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The interaction between plant-aphid is phenomenal and complex. Aphids possess efficient mouthparts which feed on plant sap intensively. Adaptation to host plants and successful feeding is achieved through the strategic ability of aphids to reproduce sexually and asexually (parthenogenesis). Aphid infestation damages the plant in diverse ways and induces plant defense. Though plant elicit direct and indirect defense to resist aphid feeding, the effectiveness of plant resistance depends largely on the aphid infestation rate and quality of the host plant. To control aphid infestation and plant da

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Lin, Rongmei, Mengquan Yang, and Bowen Yao. "The phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of detoxification gene families in Aphidinae species." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (2022): e0263462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263462.

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Detoxification enzymes play significant roles in the interactions between insects and host plants, wherein detoxification-related genes make great contributions. As herbivorous pests, aphids reproduce rapidly due to parthenogenesis. They are good biological materials for studying the mechanisms that allow insect adaptation to host plants. Insect detoxification gene families are associated with insect adaptation to host plants. The Aphidinae is the largest subfamily in the Aphididae with at least 2483 species in 256 genera in 2 tribes: the Macrosiphini (with 3/4 of the species) and the Aphidini

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De Witte, K. "REVIEW OF RESEARCH AT FRUITTEELTCENTRUM ON THE PRODUCTION OF HOMOZYGOUS PLANTS THROUGH ANDROGENESIS IN VITRO AND PARTHENOGENESIS IN SITU." Acta Horticulturae, no. 520 (January 2000): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.520.14.

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Dolcet-Sanjuan, Ramon, Elisabet Clavería, Alfonso J. Rodríguez, and Marta Llaurado. "Production of Dihaploids in Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)." HortScience 32, no. 3 (1997): 461A—461. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.461a.

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Callus and shoot organogenesis were obtained from anthers of Dianthus caryophyllus L. `Manon', `Amapola', `Elsy', and `IB212', harboring mid-uninucleated microspores. Significant differences between genotypes were observed on number of responsive anthers (10.4% to 72.1%) and rescued plants per responsive anthers (1.2% to 4.8%). A modified H medium (Nitsch and Nitsch, 1969) with 20 g/L maltose and 0.25% Gelrite, supplemented with 10 μM 2,4-D and 1 μM TDZ, was most appropriate for callus induction. Plants were regenerated after subsequent subculture to the same medium, but amended with 0.1 μM TD

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Abo Kaf, Nabil, Rawa Youssef, and Rafic Aboud. "Effect of Constant Temperatures on Biological Parameters of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) on Tomato Plants in Case of Asexual Reproduction (Parthenogenesis." Arab Journal for Plant Protection 39, no. 2 (2021): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-39.2.135145.

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Tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a key devastating pest worldwide, it has the capacity to develop on a wide range of Solanaceous plants but tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is considered to be its preferred host. This study was carried out at the Agricultural Scientific Research Centre in Latakia in 2019 to estimate biological parameters of T. absoluta and evaluate the effect of temperature in its development, longevity, reproduction in parthenogenesis. The experiments were carried out at constant temperatures (10, 20, 30˚ C), 60-65% RH, and photoper

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Dresselhaus, Thomas, and Gerd Jürgens. "Comparative Embryogenesis in Angiosperms: Activation and Patterning of Embryonic Cell Lineages." Annual Review of Plant Biology 72, no. 1 (2021): 641–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-082520-094112.

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Following fertilization in flowering plants (angiosperms), egg and sperm cells unite to form the zygote, which generates an entire new organism through a process called embryogenesis. In this review, we provide a comparative perspective on early zygotic embryogenesis in flowering plants by using the Poaceae maize and rice as monocot grass and crop models as well as Arabidopsis as a eudicot model of the Brassicaceae family. Beginning with the activation of the egg cell, we summarize and discuss the process of maternal-to-zygotic transition in plants, also taking recent work on parthenogenesis a

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Adachi-Hagimori, Tetsuya, and Kazuki Miura. "Limited Mating Ability of a Wasp Strain with Rickettsia-Induced Thelytoky." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 113, no. 5 (2020): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saaa007.

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Abstract Sexual reproduction is the dominant mode of reproduction in plants and animals; however, some species from various taxonomic groups reproduce asexually. Because some of these asexual species lack DNA recombination and so have low genetic variability, these asexual species are more likely to go extinct than sexual species. Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a solitary endoparasitoid in which both arrhenotokous and thelytokous strains occur in sympatry. The thelytokous strain is infected by a parthenogenesis-inducing Rickettsia bacterium. We investigated whe

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Kenis, K., and J. Keulemans. "THE USE OF MICROSATELLITES TO INVESTIGATE THE HOMOZYGOUS STATUS OF APPLE PLANTS OBTAINED BY ANTHER CULTURE AND PARTHENOGENESIS IN SITU." Acta Horticulturae, no. 538 (October 2000): 581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.538.101.

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Charaabi, K., J. Carletto, P. Chavigny, M. Marrakchi, M. Makni, and F. Vanlerberghe-Masutti. "Genotypic diversity of the cotton-melon aphid Aphis gossypii (Glover) in Tunisia is structured by host plants." Bulletin of Entomological Research 98, no. 4 (2008): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485307005585.

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AbstractThe study of intraspecific variation with respect to host plant utilization in polyphagous insects is crucial for understanding evolutionary patterns of insect-plant interactions. Aphis gossypii (Glover) is a cosmopolitan and extremely polyphagous aphid species. If host plant species or families constitute selective regimes to these aphids, genetic differentiation and host associated adaptation may occur. In this study, we describe the genetic structure of A. gossypii collected in six localities in Tunisia on different vegetable crops, on citrus trees and on Hibiscus. The aim was to de

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Domblides, Elena A., Sergey N. Belov, Alexey V. Soldatenko, and Victor F. Pivovarov. "Production of Doubled Haploids in cucumber." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 5 (November 7, 2019): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-5-3-14.

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Implementation of cell technologies has essentially improved the plant breeding process in agricultural crops in the world. The production of pure lines in cultivated crops, particularly among cross-pollinated species such as cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) requires much time, labor and expense. Thus, the use of DH-plants for production of fully homozygous lines for one year becomes a very promising method for near cucumber breeding program. The major factor limiting the wide use of DH is a lack of effective protocol for large-scale plant production. In this review the historical facts with desc

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Nam, Park, and Lee. "Population Genetic Structure of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Korea." Insects 10, no. 10 (2019): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10100319.

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Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a serious polyphagous agricultural pest worldwide. In the present study, we used eight microsatellite markers to investigate the genetic structure and diversity of A. gossypii populations in Korea. Samples were collected from 37 locations in Korea (18 populations in 2016, 14 populations in 2017, and five populations in 2018) from pepper plants. A. gossypii had low to moderate genetic diversity, and expected heterozygosity (HE) ranged from 0.354 to 0.719. A Mantel test of isolation by distance indicated no relationship between genetic structure an

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Lang, Harry G., and Jorge A. Santiago-Blay. "Contributions of deaf people to entomology: A hidden legacy." Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 5, no. 3-4 (2012): 223–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18749836-05031052.

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Despite communication challenges, deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals made many new discoveries during the emergence of entomology as a scientific discipline. In the 18th century, Switzerland’s naturalist Charles Bonnet, a preformationist, investigated parthenogenesis, a discovery that laid the groundwork for many scientists to examine conception, embryonic development, and the true, non-preformationist nature of heredity. In the 19th century, insect collectors, such as Arthur Doncaster and James Platt-Barrett in England, as well as Johann Jacob Bremi-Wolf in Switzerland, developed specialize

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Meynet, J., R. Barrade, A. Duclos, and R. Siadous. "Dihaploid plants of roses (Rosa x hybrida, cv 'Sonia') obtained by parthenogenesis induced using irradiated pollen and in vitro culture of immature seeds." Agronomie 14, no. 3 (1994): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro:19940303.

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Samitsu, Y., and K. Hosaka. "Molecular marker analysis of 24- and 25-chromosome plants obtained from Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigena (2n = 4x = 48) pollinated with a Solanum phureja haploid inducer." Genome 45, no. 3 (2002): 577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g02-019.

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Clones with 24 or 25 chromosomes were obtained by pollinating an Andean cultivated tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena clone 94H94, 2n = 4x = 48) with the Solanum phureja haploid-inducer clone 1.22. Their genetic composition was analyzed in an RAPD assay using 135 decamer primers and in an RFLP assay using 45 single-copy DNA probes. In total, 22 RAPD and 20 RFLP markers were found to be specific to S. phureja. None of these markers were found in the 24- and 25-chromosome clones. RFLP genotypes for the 45 RFLP loci were further determined for each clone. Genotypes of the 24-chr

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Mirzaghaderi, Ghader, and Elvira Hörandl. "The evolution of meiotic sex and its alternatives." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1838 (2016): 20161221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1221.

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Meiosis is an ancestral, highly conserved process in eukaryotic life cycles, and for all eukaryotes the shared component of sexual reproduction. The benefits and functions of meiosis, however, are still under discussion, especially considering the costs of meiotic sex. To get a novel view on this old problem, we filter out the most conserved elements of meiosis itself by reviewing the various modifications and alterations of modes of reproduction. Our rationale is that the indispensable steps of meiosis for viability of offspring would be maintained by strong selection, while dispensable steps

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Blinkov, Andrey O., Nataliya V. Varlamova, Ludmila V. Kurenina, and Marat R. Khaliluev. "The Production of Helianthus Haploids: A Review of Its Current Status and Future Prospects." Plants 11, no. 21 (2022): 2919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11212919.

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The genus Helianthus comprises 52 species and 19 subspecies, with the cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) representing one of the most important oilseed crops in the world, which is also of value for fodder and technical purposes. Currently, the leading direction in sunflower breeding is to produce highly effective heterosis F1 hybrids with increased resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The production of inbred parental lines via repeated self-pollination takes 4–8 years, and the creation of a commercial hybrid can take as long as 10 years. However, the use of doubled haploid tec

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Davies, Kerrie A., Weimin Ye, Gary S. Taylor, Sonja Scheffer, and Robin M. Giblin-Davis. "Galling problems – the Fergusobia nematode/Fergusonina fly mutualism on myrtaceous hosts." Nematology 18, no. 6 (2016): 629–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003002.

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Fergusobia (Sphaerularioidea, Tylenchida) is the only known nematode to have a dicyclic life cycle with a generation in a plant (a myrtaceous host) followed by one in an insect (a Fergusonina fly: Diptera, Fergusoninidae). The nematode and fly have a mutualistic association, with the nematode inducing a plant gall on which the fly feeds and develops, and the fly providing transport for the nematode. The life cycle, specificity, diversity and distribution of the nematode are described, and the nematode phylogeny is discussed. Fergusobia is monophyletic but its origins are unclear. This paper ra

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Grebelnyi, Sergey D. "Loss of allelic diversity in species of hybrid origin." Ecological genetics 7, no. 2 (2009): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen7247-49.

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Species of hybrid origin support their population as a rule by cloning. Switching over of any bisexual organism to propagation by means of parthenogenesis, gynogenesis, androgenesis (or other kind of apomictic reproduction without regular recombination, which usually accompanies change of generations in bisexual species) leads to rapid decrease of genetic polymorphism. Long-term cloning transforms the polymorphic population or entire species into a mixture of only a few clones, composed of genetically identical individuals. owing to selection in favour of heterozygotes or due to hybrid origin,

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Domblides, E. A., A. S. Ermolaev, and S. N. Belov. "Obtaining doubled haploids of Cucurbita pepo L." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 4 (September 4, 2021): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2021-4-11-26.

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Doubled haploids have been widely used worldwide in breeding programs and fundamental research as valuable homozygous material for about 100 years. The species Cucurbita pepo L. are represented by a huge variety of forms, include highly productive vegetable crops and have a wide distribution in the world. Despite the great economic importance, the creation of effective protocols to ensure stable production of doubled haploids in this species remains an urgent task. DH plants are of interest not only because of the acceleration of the breeding process, but also because of the realization of the

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Kovalchuk, N., M. Roik, Ya Hadzalo, T. Nediak, and O. Zinchenko. "Improvement of the technology of obtaining stable (di)haploid regenerants from embryonic culture of apomictic sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) breeding material without the use of colchicine." Agricultural Science and Practice 6, no. 2 (2019): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp6.02.003.

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Aim. To evaluate the effi ciency of inducing generative, reduced parthenogenesis and to better use the differentiating potential of the embryo culture under apomictic seed production in selection materials of sugar beet with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), and B) to isolate homozygous lines (dihaploids) without the use of polyploidizing substances. Methods. Apomictic (agamosper- mous) seed production in apocarpous pollen sterile lines from B. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris var. altissima (sugar beet) using classi- cal so-called Owen sterile cytoplasm and sterile cytoplasm from Beta maritimа and Be

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Kolarčik, Vladislav, Valéria Kocová, Vlastimil Mikoláš, Lenka Mártonfiová, Nikola Hajdučeková, and Pavol Mártonfi. "Variability of Reproduction Pathways in the Central-European Populations of Hawthorns with Emphasis on Triploids." Plants 11, no. 24 (2022): 3497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11243497.

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The role of apomeiosis, parthenogenesis, and pseudogamy in the asexual reproduction of some plant groups has not been fully elucidated in relation to species diversification. Quantitative analyses of seed origin may help in gaining better understanding of intercytotypic interactions. Asexual reproduction associated with polyploidy and frequent hybridization plays a crucial role in the evolutionary history of the genus Crataegus in North America. In Europe, the genus represents a taxonomically complex and very difficult species group not often studied using a modern biosystematic approach. We i

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Roik, M. V., O. V. Balahura, N. S. Kovalchuk, O. A. Zinchenko, V. I. Vlasiuk, and L. S. Fedoroshchak. "Seed productivity of alloplasmic lines of Beta patula and B. maritima with sterile cytoplasm under the conditions of apozygotic reproduction." Scientific Papers of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet, no. 30 (December 26, 2022): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47414/np.30.2022.268940.

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Purpose. Revealing the effect of the cytoplasmic genome of replaced lines with the plasma of wild species Beta patula and B. maritima L., and apozygotic lines A4–A8 with the cytoplasm of S vulgaris Owen on the main factors of apozygotic reproduction, seed productivity, germination, monogermity and sterility as affected by the genetic origin of breeding material. Methods. The research was carried out in the Cytogenetics Laboratory (IBCSB), the Laboratory for Apomixis and Polyploidy of the Yaltushkiv EBS, and the Laboratory for Adaptive Breeding (Veselyi Podil EBS). Apozygotic seeds were o

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Bogart, James P., and Lawrence E. Lichts. "Reproduction and the origin of polyploids in hybrid salamanders of the genus Ambystoma." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 28, no. 4 (1986): 605–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g86-089.

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Eggs and larvae produced by diploid, triploid, and tetraploid females collected from breeding ponds on Pelee Island in Lake Erie were studied to examine the reproductive mechanism. No instance of parthenogenesis was found as all examined females required sperm to produce viable progeny. Diploid females produced diploid and triploid larvae, triploid females produced triploid and tetraploid larvae, and tetraploid females produced triploid and tetraploid larvae. The majority of the eggs produced by hybrid females do not develop or do not complete embryogenesis. Electrophoretic examination of fema

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KITANI, Yoshiaki. "Induction of parthenogenetic haploid plants with brassinolide." Genes & Genetic Systems 69, no. 1 (1994): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1266/ggs.69.35.

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