Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Parti démocratique de Guinée'
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Diallo, El Hadj Mohamed Ramadan. "Ethnicité et processus démocratique en Guinée, de 1990 à 2015." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3048/document.
Full textFor a good number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa – the French-speaking ones especially – the 1990s represented a transition from authoritarian regimes to democratic ones. This is the case in Guinea where a democratic process began in the mid-1980s, with the fall of the very strict regime of Ahmed Sékou Touré. In contrast to the Western liberal democracies on which it is based, the conventional democracy adopted in Guinea exists in the juridico-institutional layout but does not, in reality, function on the basis of political and social institutions that transcend the ethnic and community groups tensions. Ethnicity is the fundamental matrix. It is manifested by the hybridization of import-export institutional products with specific local realities. Public administration, political parties, socio-cultural organizations rely explicitly or implicitly on ethnicity in their relationship to politics. Several factors are at the root of this double phenomenon of ethnicization of the political fact and politicization of the ethnic fact in Guinea. One may attribute both to the fragility of the State which is struggling to ensure its sovereign missions - security, justice, well-being, etc. - and to the inadequacy of the anchoring of the values, norms and principles of liberal democracy in Guinean society. To this must be added the structuring role of ethnicity as a social group of political mobilization in collective representations
Mabanza, Aubin N'Semy. "Contribution à une réflexion sur les fonctions du juge en Afrique francophone, à partir du contentieux des litiges individuels du travail : approche comparée Cameroun, Guinée, Mali, R.D.Congo, Sénégal." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0329.
Full textThe functions of Judge in the Five Africa French speaking countries studies are made possible by the recognition of a special status, which allows Judge to decide, especially in the individual labour disputes that are referred to his office, and generally by delivering judgments. In practice, however, certain factors make it difficult to perform the Judge's duties. What the reasons and causes of such a finding are? The answer to such a question requires a reflection through and comparative analysis of the laws in force in Five countries, which deserve special attention: Cameroon, DR Congo, Guinea, Mali and Senegal. A study of Judge's in these countries shows that their legal systems are experiencing points of similarity but also divergences due, especially to their colonial histories. Indeed, even if the transposition of the model of the "Judge and functions" has been imposed and has eliminated customary Courts, it continues to pose difficulties especially in treatment of individual labour disputes. Despite the supposed "common" characteristics, the ways of organising judicial administration vary widely in the Five countries. More fundamentally, the comparative approach emphasises how socio-cultural realities continue to influence the direction and implementation of functions of Judge, especially when intervening in individual labour disputes
Bougarel, Xavier. "Islam et politique en Bosnie-Herzégovine : le Parti de l'action démocratique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999IEPP0031.
Full textBeginning in 1878, the Bosnian Muslim community withdrew into is religious identity and transformed itself into a "reversed millet". But this identity construction went through a crisis in the 1930's as illustrated by the appearance of a panislamist current among the Muslim pupils and students. After the recognition of the Muslim nation in 1968, this current plays on the persistent paradoxes of the "Muslim question" in order to take control of a nascent Muslim nationalism. And, in 1990, after the breakdown of the communist system, it brings about the creation of the Party of Democratic Action (SDA), which rapidly becomes the main Muslim party. The SDA is a nationalist party, whose project is articulated two aims: the political sovereignty of the Muslim nation and the territorial integrity of Bosnia-Herzegovina. During the Bosnian conflict, the influence of the panislamist current is shown by the primacy given by the SDA to the sovereignty of the Muslim nation to the detriment of Bosnian territorial integrity, and by its condemnation of ethnic cleansing in the name of Islam. It can also be found in the foreign policy of the SDA : this party uses the support of the Muslim world in order to encourage some political recompositions in the Muslim community. Indeed, the panislamist current tries to put Islam back in the center of the Muslim national identity. But it has to accept the adoption of the new national name "Bosniak", and its attempts to reislamize the Muslim national identity lead in fact to the "nationalization" of Islam. At the same time, the SDA creates a new party-state, within which panislamism replace Marxism as a criterion for the selection of elites. But this recomposition of the political system results not of in the true reislamization of the society, but in the reversal of the role of islam in the definition of the relationship between state and society, between public sphere and private sphere
Kanda, Lukunga. "Pouvoir et gouvernance au Zaïre : (du règne du parti unique à la transition)." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE0041.
Full textBarry, Alpha Amadou Bano. "L'enjeu ethnique dans le processus démocratique de l'Afrique : le cas de la Guinée." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7949.
Full textKhashan, Ali. "Le parti unique et la démocratie : exemple la Côte d'Ivoire." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON10035.
Full textThe idea of a unique party provoqued for jurists a sort of polemic considering the advantages and disadvantages. The polemic reached its apogee when the relation between the system of the unique party and the democracy was established. It is possible to ascertain this condition in certain countries of the third world and in particular the african countries that had opted for the system of the unique party due to pratical facters. On this sense, three developing countries need the unity of the people and the regime to continue their development. This is the reason that we have chosen the ivory coast's unique party where the p. D. C. I. Maintains the democracy. We have subdivised our work in two parts preceded by a preliminary chapter that discusses the origin of the unique party as well as the justifications that support it. For the origin, we attempted to consider the relationship between the p. D. C. I. And the other groups and forces that helped to form the party such as the african agricultural syndi. (a. A. S. ), the committee of franco-african studies and the group of communist students. Afterwards, we demonstrated the roll of the democratic party in the creation of the african democratis assembly (a. D. A. ) as well as its relation with the french communist party (f. C. P. ). We have devoted the first part to structure of the ivory coast's democratic party concerning basic elements or central organs of the party or even its methods of functioning. The second part deals with the different points of view of responsable inhabitants of the ivory coast that agree on the fact that the p. A. C. I. Is a democratic party. We have tried to discuss these affirmations regarding the practical reality and above all, based on certain examples, we have sketched our point of view concerning the relationships between the unique party and the democracy. At the end of our research we have demonstrated the necessity to establish the system of multipartism by using, among other methods, a survey of 86 students from the ivory coast. They expressed their position toward the scope of the unique party as well their relationship with the democracy
Épinette, Françoise. "L'accession démocratique du Québec à la souveraineté nationale : le défi du parti québécois." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010287.
Full textSince 1968, the parti quebecois incarnates the dynamic of sovereignty in Quebec. We study it through a global lecture of the national Quebec question and an analysis of the real chances and of the juridic feasability for quebec to access to sovereignty. The first part tries to appreciate the credibility of this project in relation to the development of the national claim and after the formation of an almost state of Quebec around 1960. The second part studies the pq strategie for the success of sovereignty project and the consequences of it. The carrying out of this project is very complicated and implies a long negociation with the federal power and the others canadian provinces
Rahal, Malika. "L'Union démocratique du Manifeste algérien (1946-1956) : Histoire d'un parti politique : l'autre nationalisme algérien." Paris, INALCO, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INAL0012.
Full textThe Manifesto Party was founded in Algeria by Ferhat Abbas and his companions in 1946. They united around the idea of an algerian republic where all inhabitant of the country could be citizen. During ten years, they developed an alternative nationalism and mobilized the masses in an political party. The party also aimed at imagining an algerian community. In 1956, they rallied to the FLN, the National Liberation Front
Collombier, Virginie. "Le parti sera-t-il la solution ? : le parti national démocratique égyptien, instrument de conquête du pouvoir dans un régime autoritaire en transition." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENH026.
Full textFrom 2000, as the Egyptian regime has to adapt to a context – because of increased internal and external pressure and the perspective of presidential succession – a new group of political actors led by Gamal Mubarak, the younger son of the president, starts implementing a strategy for gaining power. These newcomers on the political scene – most of whom are businessmen and academics – decide to use the National Democratic Party, the presidential party heir to the former single party, as the main instrument of their strategy. They consider it to the most appropriate tool at their disposal since 'democracy' has become a central reference everywhere in the world. In order to get ready for 2011 presidential election, they aim at reforming the presidential party and turning it into a modern and efficient organization thanks to which they could gain power through elections and thus become legitimate rulers, both at the national and international level. In 2008, the main pillars of their strategy have been set up. Gamal Mubarak and his associates have acquired important responsibilities within the political system. They have managed to initiate change : the party is better organized and operates differently. Despite the efforts they have made and the results they have reached however, it remains uncertain whether Gamal Mubarak and his associates will be able to gain power in 2011
Ndombet, Wilson-André. "Du multipartisme au monopartisme gabonais : les mécanismes d'intégration des masses et unité nationale : 1960-1986." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010285.
Full textThis work is research in political science witch is focused of the study of mechanism of integration masses, by the gabon political parties, in the interaction with the national unity. We have try to show the theme of national unity was used by the political parties : since 1960. The intres of this work reside in the study of the different ideologic fakes and their application. We have tried to show that never nor the bloc democratique gabonais have managed to make unity. But, the have used for party in power to consolider its autority and the opposing party to conquer power their strategies are the same in so far as clientelism, patrimonialism the domination of ethnic group on the others, they entail contadiction with and up with sever social crises. Finally the national unity is bean to conquer power
Lim, Chae-Wan. "Le régime politique du Parti-Etat en Corée du Nord." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100005.
Full textThe research about the korean peninsula is very revealing, because it touches one of the last bymbols of the cold war and one of the most militarized zones of the world. In this context the north korea regime has been very influenced by the so-called ideology "kimilsungism". If kim ii-sung's political regime presents itself as a socialist state vwhose sovereignty belongs to the popular masses, his regime is really founded on the monocracy or on the ideocracy of the party-state. The familial, hierarchichal and bureaucratic character of north korea is linked with two fundamental realities : first, the politico-cultural experiences, based on the neo-confucian notion political power ; second, the historical experiences of stalinism and maoism. The complete isolation of the country and the total absence of any bearings which would permit comparisons with other countries create the following situation : the people firmly believe that their country is the greatest in the world and that it is the true socialist model, even after the upheavals in eastern Europe and the subsequent movements towards democratization. In the long term, the regime of the party-state will have to choose between total abandonment or its revision of the "kimilsungism". The first solution would mean the disassembling of the regime and the second could be inspired from the chinese example, i. D. , a more pragmatic policy of reform
Bamba-di-Lelo, Daniel. "La démystification du Parti-Etat au Zaïre : contribution à une dynamique de renouveau démocratique au Congo." Université catholique de Louvain, 2003. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-03162004-145241/.
Full textAyibatin, Alphadio Modesto. "L'influence du griot et des médias dans le processus démocratique : le cas du Bénin et de la Guinée." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020068.
Full textThroughout our research, we proved that the griot is the one who manages to travel back in time through speech. This allows historians to rewrite the history of the African continent remained long in orality. This oral communication carried by the griot requires a lack of objectivity but still has major importance in African society. Just as the media report the facts, the griot, thanks to his mastery of speech and through expressive elements and musical instruments published also highlights his city and thus able to participate in the democratic process in Guinea. Taking more care of political commentary, the griot marries history to produce ideology, establishing a historical continuity in conformity with this. The griot does not hesitate to include in the skin of the characters, to praise the chef's promises for which he works. Exactly as do African media also tend to praise the political actors. The humor of the griot in criticism against the policies, contributes to the democratic process. But the concept of media freedom is a goal in Africa, to help its sustainable development. We must recognize that the concept of media freedom is constitutionalized in Guinea and Benin, to a change of perspective of the culture of media will but is not completely guaranteed. In Benin, as in Guinea, the fear is still palpable among citizens who want to exercise their rights. Especially the Benin which wants a model and had the admiration of the great democracies between 1990 and 2006 is emulated across Africa has fallen from its pedestal. Despite relative long practice of liberal and pluralist democracy, concerns weigh on the evolution of politics and media in those countries. The peaceful demonstrations to denounce the abuses of power and demand respect for democratic freedoms were violently dispersed by security forces. On sensitive issues, citizens are afraid to express themselves. Even reassured, they fear reprisals from security forces
Deme, Mamadou Hady. "L'armée dans la démocratisation tardive en Guinée Conakry." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0253/document.
Full textIn Sub-Saharan Africa, civil supremacy over the armed forces has been one of the main gaps in the evolution of the state public institution. Armed forces, in most country, still play an important political role. Late democratization in Guinea results into ambivalent and complex relations between the army and the political power. Those relations are part of the global issue of the politization of the army. With two military coup d’Etats, the politization of the army went hand in hand with a degradation of institutional bases of the State. This study is the analysis and forth between democratization and authoritarian restoration. Policy reforms carried out so far that seeks to redefine the concept of security policy in Guinea have crystallised around the Security Reform System which is on the one hand, a key issue to consolidate democratic achievements and on the other hand, the dynamics of State reconstruction
Omeonga-Onakudu, Jean. "Contribution à l'étude de la géopolitique du Zaïre dans sa diplomatie en Afrique centrale de 1965 à 1989 sous le parti-Etat." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA01A004.
Full textFayet, Marie-Lise. "Le Parti communiste français et la culture, de 1956 à 1981 : Une exception culturelle dans le centralisme démocratique." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100005.
Full textThis study looked at the importance given to art and culture in the ideology and polical pratice of the PCF from a decisive date for the future of the latter, 1956 and the 20th Congress of the communist party of the Soviet Union. From the archives of the Politburo and the national secretariat, our analysis highlights the peculiarity of the construction process of communist cultural orientations. The three lines that form the party orientations in this field (the aesthetic matter, programmatic proposals and municipal achievements) having distinctly developed: somehow, they represent an anomaly for the democratic centralism. It also points to a second peculiarity mostly unknown about the PCF: the critical role played by individuals in this party claiming a preference for the collective. Three icons stand out of these three levels: Louis Aragon for the recognition of creating’s freedom, Léo Figuères for the development of programmatic proposals, Jack Ralite for the commitment of the communist cities in the area of culture. From sixties to late seventies, the initiatives taken in these three fields will improve a new cultural line, rather coherent, innovative and well known recognized among professionals, before this motion is stopped by a new "ouvriériste" withdrawal succeeding to the break of the government joint program which will lead to reconsideration, in fact, of the line of Argenteuil’s meeting
Combes, Hélène. "De la politique contestataire à la fabrique partisane : le cas du Parti de la révolution démocratique au Mexique." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030059.
Full textThis dissertation analyses the contribution of social movements to the construction of the Democratic Revolution Party (PRD) in Mexico. The first part focuses on the PRD's party environment. I analyse the different episodes of contestation/opposition since 1960 in Mexico, using the theorical framework of political contention analysis. The second part concentrates on the internal functioning of the partisanship: the construction of the PRD and the role of social movements in this process. This part also explores the internal and primary elections as well as the recruitment of political personnel. On the basis of a number of typical cases, we demonstrate the importance of non-partisan activism in activists' careers. The third part examines the PRD's political practices: the work of deputies and mayors and the governing of Mexico's Federal District (1997-2001). It shows how activist culture/practices shape public policy choices and how public policies, in turn, affect the construction of the party
Rivadeneira, Carla. "L'engagement du parti communiste chilien en faveur des règles du système démocratique libéral. Le pari risqué d'un acteur contradictoire." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030179/document.
Full textThe Chilean Communist Party [PCCh] was a pragmatic, manipulating party that sustained the pacific way until the very last minute, which rejected the armed path as a politic option and perfectly mastered the rules of the political game. But at the same time, it has always a disciplined party, with a rigid hierarchy and loyal to the URSS. The PCCh “wasn’t a party like the others”, in the sense that he must face constant internal pressure among a social dimension and a theological dimension. This work relates to a contradictory actor in the political scene, which didn’t stand as a simple satellite of Moscow orders. In fact, their political action was determined by a democratic habitus which behavior results of a deep understanding of the rules played on the political arena, and the social structures learned through the party’s experience. The construction and further consolidation of this habitus, and the confrontation of the democratic principles when the party reached the Presidency of the Nation [as a member of the Popular Unity Alliance], showed us how these democratic habits grew inside the PCCh et how this democratic habitus was built by the successive PCCh leaders, at different times and scenarios, because the PCCh’s practices were closely aligned with the democratic principles. In that way, and holding this particular political know-how which differenced them from the rest of the Latin American communist parties, the PCCh contributed to sustain a practice-based system and the representations of the democratic Chilean regime, reaching a privileged place in the Chilean political order
Hatzfeld, Hélène. "Les relations entre le Parti socialiste, la CFDT et le mouvement social de 1971 à 1981." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987IEPP0003.
Full textThere is a political significance to the relationship between the Socialist Party (PS), the trade-union Conféderation française démocratique du travail (CFDT) and the social movement in the 1970s. It is linked to the foundation of the PS in 1971, its electoral victory in 1981 and the social struggles during the period. Their relations also reflect a deeper problem, i. E. That of representing different civic interests through political parties, tradeunions and associations, the French pattern of representation being based on Rousseau's notion of "common will" and implying no intermediary body between the individual, society and the State. The terme of "social movement" as used in this study is borrowed from the CFDT. This space of relations between the organisations in question has both a political and an ideological dimension. They can be found in several shared terms ("socialisme autogestionnaire", social struggles. . . ) And in the networks of militants who participate in more than one organisation. The mediations between this recently rebuilt party, the CFDT-which has itself a political dimension-, and different associative movements are studied taking the example of the Confédération syndicale du cadre de vie and of a urban conflict in Roubaix. .
Mangueleze, Maria de Lurdes. "À l'ombre du parti-état : démocratie et responsabilité en contexte de paternalisme autoritaire." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0071/document.
Full textWhat are the concrete practices of political accountability and how do they make it possible to understand the nature and methods of negotiations of power within the State in Mozambique? This study makes a contribution to the debates over the last thirty years over the phenomena of democratic institutionalization during the third wave of democratization. Within this framework, political accountability is seen as the necessary instrument capable of provoking change in authoritarian regimes, by removing the authoritarian “residue” from the newly established democracies. Through a careful reading of the literature, this research has highlighted that the founding of political accountability is a process that reveals transformative dynamics as a place of confluences and negotiations between various political arenas and authorities that make up the structure of political regimes. The idea of democracy in Mozambique has facilitated the linking of various experiences, which have aided in reformulating or accelerating the process of democratic institutionalization. These experiences should be analyzed in their historicity, while also incorporating modern elements motivated by political competition by the balance of power between Frelimo, and Renamo and Democratic Movement of Mozambique (MDM). The contribution of this study is to think of democratic institutionalization as a transformative process and political accountability as being intrinsically sown into the links between the dominant powers, based on the experiences of the actors involved in the process of democratic institutionalization and the connections they establish amongst themselves. In other words, this project is not merely macro-political, but rather combines all the levels of power, most notably from the bottom. This research is founded on fieldwork done in two districts: Chibuto (South) where Frelimo is largely favored and Gondola (Center) where Renamo has gained political support
Edelbloude, Johanna. "Les néo-socialistes est-allemands du Parti du Socialisme Démocratique (PDS) face à l'extrême droite : la figure de l'ennemi dans le jeu politique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. https://spire.sciencespo.fr/notice/2441/5406.
Full textSince 1990, the East German Democratic Socialism Party (PDS) has been presenting the extreme right wing as its enemy. As the successor of the SED, communist party in command in the GDR, the PDS relies for that purpose on the partially positive inheritance of the GDR antifascist propaganda. This construction demonstrates the neo-socialists' will to prove their conversion to representative democracy, set up in FRG since 1949. Setting up the extreme right wing as the party enemy allows the PDS, denounced by the anticommunist tradition of the FRG, to switch, in the political German parties landscape, from the extremists to the democrats wing. Besides, this scar transfer helps concealing the increased electoral competition between PDS and extreme right wing in the new States and it also helps hiding the ambiguous relationship between a part of the PDS base and the extreme right wing. This strategy of building a unique and final figure of the enemy is somehow distorted by two main elements. On the one hand, the gap between the PDS federal authorities and its local players is crucial to understand an antifascism that is unable to set up a concrete political action against the extreme right wing. On the other hand the analysis of the interactions in the two studied local configurations (District Lichtenberg in East Berlin and Dresden, capital city of Saxony) pushes forward the flexible character of the figure of the enemy. Facing the extreme right wing in concrete terms because of the political game reality, local players do have a tendency to modulate the behavioral standard promulgated by the PDS according to their own personality and resources
Gayé, Fatou. "Pouvoir traditionnel, monopartisme et transition démocratique en Côte d'Ivoire : l'exemple de la chefferie Tiembara de Korhogo." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0043.
Full textThis dissertation is a political anthropological study of democratization in the ivory coast. With the democratic process started in africa at the beginning of the 90s, the traditional authorities have been shaken by more or less violent democratic claims. It became necessary to redefine locally the relationship between various political forces at work in the country. The historic necessity of the chieftaincy is being more and more questioned in favor of democratic political parties. I have attempted in this dissertation to point out the evolution of this situation with the example of the tiembara chieftaincy, headed by the gon coulibaly oligarchic family. The foundation of this family chieftaincy is the "poro", a secret circle of initiated, which has played ever since, a central function in the senoufo ethnic group. It has conferred a sacred aspect to the chieftaincy, causing in so doing a merging of the political and the religious. By propagating a culture of submission, the "poro" reinforces the tiembara chieftaincy, and makes it the main political institution of the region, in the colonial as well as post- colonial eras. During monopartism, the pdci-rda, the only political party, and the chiefaincy have collaborated to control the politically the region. But with the advent of multipartism, affiliation of gon coulibaly family members in oppositing political parties has broken up this oligarhic family, weakening thus the previous alliance of the unique party with the chieftaincy. Multipartism has therefore weakened and compeled the chieftaincy to progressively retreat from the republican political arena, henceforth occupied by political parties. There is, as a result of this process, as secularization of the political activity among the senoufo people. This reveals the major disturbances that democratization has brought into the senoufo group, yet conservatory
Randriamaro, Jean-Roland. "Mainty, côtiers et luttes politiques à Madagascar : le PADESM (Parti des Déshérités de Madagascar), 1946-1956." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070034.
Full textThis study concerns the Padesm, a political party which was one of the important figures of Malagasy's emancipation movement post second world war side to the MDRM, to the MSM, and to the PDM, usually presented as collaborators'party and against the independence, the Padesm, which was composed of Mainty, "black people", slaveries'descendants and kings'servitors, and coast men, constitued the main adversary of the MDRM in political rivalry, for colonial heritage appropriation. This work tries to analyse the fight's process in Madagascar for independence, by tempting to break with dualist and determinist approach of nationalist historiography, by insisting on the existence of a dialectic between the Padesm and the MDRM. It tries to restore the ambiguities of this period: on the relationships between parties and government, between parties, administration and farmers, administration and indigenous, etc. Finally this research is a contribution to the study of Malagasy's identity, specially Mainty's case, more particularly their relationships with the other social groups, as coast men and fotsy, "white men", in other words the hova and the andriana, free and noble people
Christian, Michel. "Parti et société en RDA et en Tchécoslovaquie : une histoire comparée des partis communistes au pouvoir du début des années 1950 à la fin des années 1970." Paris 8, 2011. http://octaviana.fr/document/167229850#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis dissertation compares the two ruling communist parties in the GDR and in Czechoslovakia from the beginning of the 1950s to the end of the 1970s. Its perspective is that of a social history of politics. For three decades, the communist parties were present in the state apparatus more than anywhere else. However, the majority of party members were recruited in the workplace, mostly among the supervising personnel and to a lesser extent among industrial and agricultural workers. Both parties retained their working-class basis, although the meaning of ‘working class’ gradually evolved : in the 1950s the dissenting habitus that was not uncommon within the ranks of the party gradually receded with the incoming of new generations. The mobilisation and control of party members underwent significant change : at the beginning of the 1950s, belonging to the massive membership of a ruling communist party was a new experience for most of its members as well as for party officials. In the 1950s, a gradual learning process led to the generalization of some bureaucratic procedures and behaviour norms. That trend was more apparent in the GDR than in Czechoslovakia, where affiliation to the party was less massive. The communist partiy in the GDR imposed higher expectations on its members as it was closely linked with the project of a socialist Germany – as opposed to capitalist Germany. The Czechslovakian party contrasted with socialist Germany as its legitimacy rested on its popular appeal in the wake of World War II. The party’s popular appeal was at the root of the liberalizing policy of the 1960s ; it was then severely questioned after the Soviet intervention in 1968
Bingono-Meba, Emmanuel-Nances. "Protection et valorisation économique de trois milieux fluvio-marins du centre du golfe de Guinée (estuaires du Gabon, du río Muni et baie de la Mondah) : biodiversité et développement durable." Montpellier 3, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011271v2.
Full textThe equatorial fringe of the gulf of Guinea represents an enormous floristic, fauna, and ecosystem wealth. Quite opposite to those of west Africa and Asia, they are enough well preserved, because of the weak human occupation. However, with the increase of the urban population, we can see a certain erosion of this biodiversity. While the first actions of these forests conservation and their fauna began about a century ago, important projects of conservation are being done for ten years and that the idea of an economic value for a lasting exploitation is starting to interest all the actors (explorers, conservators, local communities, political decision makers), new partnership actions proposed during the summit of sustainable development in Johannesburg in 2002 should be soon concretized. The protected areas, tools of conservation of the biodiversity are shown in Gabon and in Equatorial Guinea as well. Their openness to the ecotourism, on this coastal zone of the Corisco bay is the object of this study
Chauzal, Grégory. "Les règles de l'exception : la régulation (du) politique au Mali et au Niger." Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00604128.
Full textCoutinho, Ângela Sofia Benoliel. "Les dirigeants du PAIGC, parti africain pour l'indépendance de la Guinée-Bissau et du Cap-Vert : des origines à la scission : étude de parcours individuels, de stratégies familiales et d'idéologies." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010540.
Full textNatielse, Kouléga Julien. "Le Burkina Faso depuis 1991 : entre stabilite politique et illusionnisme démocratique." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957659.
Full textAymar, Olivier. "Moustapha Barzani dans l'histoire du Kurdistan." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100160.
Full textBorn in an extremely troubled period, and imprisoned with his mother when he was 8 months old. Mr. Barzani led a similar life to that of this tribe which fought fiercely and for many years the ottoman and anglo-iraqui authorities. Not much of a scholar, bat very well versed in the art of war, Mr. Barzani became famous when he escaped in 1943 from the place where he was in exile. From that date on, he took in hand the fate of his tribe and led the fighting to take over certain areas. Pursued by the Iraqi, Iranian and Turkish armies, Mr. Barzani had to go into exile again to the Ussr, where he spent nearly 12 years of his life, before coming back home. It became possible for Mr. Barzani to return to his nature land when A. K. Kassem seized power in Iraq, on July 14th 1958. A. K. Kassem allowed Barzani his men to return to Iraq. He recognized the existence of the Kurds and granted them a form of autonomy. The Barzani returned to Iraq in October 1958. The founder of the democrat party of Iraq Kurdistan, Barzani was elected president as soon after his return. Then his struggle for the autonomy of Kurdistan began. He got some formed of autonomy from the successive Iraqi governments
Dibangou, Zéphirin. "Parenté, sacralité et eapports de production dans les sociétés traditionnelles du Congo forestier : les relations d'aîné à cadet dans les groupes Lumbu, Punu, et Kuni." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE2018.
Full textDubslaff, Étienne. "« Oser plus de social-démocratie ». La recréation et l’établissement du Parti social-démocrate en RDA (1989-1990)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040151.
Full textThis dissertation analyses the personal and collective background and development of the approximately 40 founding members of the Social democratic Party in the GDR (SDP, then SPD) from October 7th 1989 until the fusion of both German Social democratic parties on September 26th 1990, 8 days before the national Reunification. Beyond the revolutionary act against the East German regime and the SED, this thesis tries to retace the structural and programmatic development of the party and insists on the East-German basis of its ideology. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the SDP has to position itself vis-à-vis the national question and its relations to the West German SPD. The latter helps its new partner but tries to dominate the East German party, especially after it has become part of the East German government after the free national elections on March 18th 1990. Although the majority of the East German population hopes for a prompt reunification as it is promised by the conservative parties in Bonn and Berlin, the SPD tries to avoid a complete rendition of East-German identity and succeeds in maintaining some of its aspects beyond the German Reunification. Nevertheless, the East German social democrats fight for the ratification of the three Treaties by the West German SPD part of which seems reluctant. Throughout their political actions, the East German social democrats seek to maintain their identity which they consider no less valuable than the one that is impersonated by the Federal Republic and the West German SPD. This dissertation tries not only to depict the social democratic policies but to analyze the evolution of objectives within the year of its autonomous existence
Bouiller, Sophie. "Le Parti social-démocrate allemand et la justice sociale dans les années 1980. Une identité social-démocrate à l'épreuve de l'unification (1989-1990)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL024.
Full textThis doctoral thesis analyses the concepts of social justice and the welfare state in light of the social policies of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in the 1980s. Both in the opposition in the Bundestag in Bonn and in office in some West German Länders, the SPD found itself in an ambiguous position, peculiar to German federalism. The Social Democrats took on a strategy based alternatively on opposition and cooperation with Helmut Kohl’s government, in order to influence the welfare reforms introduced by the Labour Minister Norbert Blüm (Christian Democratic Union, CDU). The SPD simultaneously started to overhaul its political platform with a view to taking back power in 1990. The generational conflicts, which have been widely established by researchers, gave way to a new divide between a “social wing” advocating a traditional policy and a “reforming wing” drawn towards post-materialist and “eco-socialist” values. By virtue of its immediacy, the German unification process (1989-1990) proved to be a litmus test, which allowed the efficiency of the SDP’s agenda and rhetoric to be evaluated. In spite of Rudolf Dreßler’s concrete propositions to improve the social union between East and West Germany, the SDP failed both to share its views on German unification and to impose its determination to overhaul the welfare state. Oskar Lafontaine’s reservations about the economic and social costs spiralling out of control contributed to a blurring of the lines on the SDP’s position on German unification.This doctoral thesis analyses the concepts of social justice and the welfare state in light of the social policies of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in the 1980s. Both in the opposition in the Bundestag in Bonn and in office in some West German Länders, the SPD found itself in an ambiguous position, peculiar to German federalism. The Social Democrats took on a strategy based alternatively on opposition and cooperation with Helmut Kohl’s government, in order to influence the welfare reforms introduced by the Labour Minister Norbert Blüm (Christian Democratic Union, CDU). The SPD simultaneously started to overhaul its political platform with a view to taking back power in 1990. The generational conflicts, which have been widely established by researchers, gave way to a new divide between a “social wing” advocating a traditional policy and a “reforming wing” drawn towards post-materialist and “eco-socialist” values. By virtue of its immediacy, the German unification process (1989-1990) proved to be a litmus test, which allowed the efficiency of the SDP’s agenda and rhetoric to be evaluated. In spite of Rudolf Dreßler’s concrete propositions to improve the social union between East and West Germany, the SDP failed both to share its views on German unification and to impose its determination to overhaul the welfare state. Oskar Lafontaine’s reservations about the economic and social costs spiralling out of control contributed to a blurring of the lines on the SDP’s position on German unification
Jourda, Emmanuel. "Les usages postrévolutionnaires d'un canon orthodoxe : le Front Uni et l'invention politique de l'après-révolution en Chine (1978-2008)." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0109.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to define in conceptual terms the political organization of the people's Republic of China in the post revolution period. We'll therefore qualify in a historical perspective the process which saw the Chinese Communist Party emancipating from the Maoist revolutionary times and reshaping itself as a state-party. These changes will be discussed through an in-depth analysis of what is the United Front : a political concept moving with the Communist party and the PRC since their creation ; a department directly linked to the executive core of the party ; a political set of actions targeting specific parts of the chinese nation, inside its borders as well as overseas. The evolution of the United Front - as described in the official records over a 30-year period - offers a timely acute view of all the political changes the country has been through. This will allow us to look back into the successive waves of transformation that led the Communist party to adapt itself to the country's socio-economical changes, and to use hegemony and state control as the gate-keepers of its own institutional stability. This ambition was made possible by a constant internal reassessment of how the Communist party should reshape in order to escape both the proletarian and the democratic revolutions. Hence the search of a so-called "juste milieu", standing between justice and political stability, through taking the society in account without giving away the political power, wich remains the property of the Communist party
Grollemund, Rebecca. "Comparaison de différentes méthodes de classification : application aux langues bantu du nord-ouest." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20055.
Full textThis dissertation is presenting a linguistic classification based on phylogenetic methods borrowed from biology. The sample of languages considered here belongs to the Bantu family, a linguistic sub branch of Niger-Congo languages spoken in Africa. Numerous publications have shown a complexity and the diversity of Bantu languages. Our study focus on the North-West region which includes the following countries: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo and Democratic Republic of Congo. This new classification is based on the comparison of lexical items. We have organized a database including 100 words from the basic vocabulary for 207 languages. Several tree representations were obtained by using Neighbor-Joining (Saitou and Nei, 1987) and Neighbor-Net (Bryant and Moulton, 2004) algorithms.This study allows us to get a better understanding of the linguistic proximity of these languages. It also provides a historical scenario for Bantu migrations
Ngye, Alain Patrick Patou. "Domination personnelle et élite politique au Gabon (1968-2009)." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40034.
Full textThe present thesis lights the intelligibility of gabonese political regime under OMAR BONGO (1968-2009). More precisely, it notices that personal domination and elitist analysis are two supplementary approaches in the understanding of politics in Gabon and in sub-Saharan Africa. It shows with this effect that OMAR BONGO could not count that on itself to stay in power during almost half a century. He must also have leaned on a group of actors, called political elite, of which the organization and functioning being imprinted by its personal power. Indeed, access to this elite was governed by clientelism and nepostism, two reports of exchange which OMAR BONGO had established in principle of management of the upper personnel of the State. The first allowed him to build up clients able of working on the instructions or in an autonomous manner in his political longevity. Because of that, the actors who composed these clients were endowed to each of a capital of various resources which they activated and made bear fruit in order to help him to keep its scepter. The promotion of this capital to OMAR BONGO led them besides to devote themselves a persevered conflict. As for nepotism, it brought to OMAR BONGO to make members of its official family and those of its semiofficial family his close collaborators in the government, the presidential administration and the PDG, the party in power. Policy of affection, it allowed him so to have a more important hold on political elite and on State apparatus. Because, by making of his power a family business, OMAR BONGO knew how he will count on actors among whom fidelity and determination would be also a trump for his political longevity
Heiniger, Alix. "Engagement et identité : les militants antifascistes des organisations Freies Deutschland de l’exil à l’Ouest (Belgique, France, Suisse) à la RDA des années 1970 (1943-1975)." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DENS0024.
Full textThis PHD dissertation studies the activists of the organisations Freies Deutschland (FD) in Belgium, France and Switzerland during the Second World War. Reproducing the model of the Nationalkomitee « Freies Deutschland », founded in Moscow in July 1943 by German communists and prisoners of war, they tried to gather Nazi regime opponents in Western Europe. The dissertation analyses the political engagement of these activists with the help of a biographical methodological approach. The commitment of these actors changed during the Liberation in Belgium and France and until spring 1945 in Switzerland. The identity theytried to give themselves also changed when they adopted a discourse more concentrated on their nation and its reconstruction. Finally, after the war and their return in East and West Germany, the SED asked them to write their story in exile to support the official discourse on antifascism. This gave them an occasion to promote their political experience, which was neglected by the party after the war. They produced a memorial narrative on western antifascism
Lherbette-Michel, Isabelle. "L’idee russe de l’Etat, contribution a la théorie juridique de l’Etat : le cas russe des origines au postcommunisme." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40064.
Full textThere is a continuity as concerns the « idea » of the state that an analogy with the different systems does not reflect. From imperial to Soviet Russia, the state (Gosudarstvo) is not thought of as an abstract and autonomous entity. Until 1917, the Russian conception of power is conditioned by the religious ideological discourse. After 1917, her main feature is one of submission to ideology, in other words the expression of the will of the Communist Party. The Soviet state stands out by its « de facto » nature, rather than a « de jure » state. The supremacy of the ideological discourse hampers both the constitution of a new state culture, which remains focused on power, and the formation of the precedence and the superiority of law over the state. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, reference to liberal democracy and the rule of law becomes a tool in creating renewed legitimacy for the postcommunist state. Russia’s entry into political modernity demands a rupture with the ideological postulates of the past. The dismantlement of socialism is a much more complex process than the construction of democracy. Despite having been subjected, over centuries, to many types of transition – absolutism founded on divine right to socialism, then postcommunism -, the Russian state has always preserved certain features (be they constant or specific) that make it, and still today, a hybrid model pulling towards both authoritarianism and democracy
Souare, Issaka K. "Les partis politiques de l'opposition en Afrique de l'Ouest et leur quête pour le pouvoir d'État : les cas du Bénin, du Ghana et de la Guinée." Thèse, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3534/1/D1961.pdf.
Full textBrière, Luc. "Analyse du parti politique l'Action démocratique du Québec 1994-2009." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3581/1/M11540.pdf.
Full textBélanger, Mathieu. "Les intentions de vote au Québec en 2002 : analyse des déterminants de l'appui à l'ADQ." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7458.
Full text"La démystification du Parti-Etat au Zaïre : contribution à une dynamique de renouveau démocratique au Congo." Université catholique de Louvain, 2003. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-03162004-145241/.
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