Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Parti unique'
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Dasser, Mhammed. "L'experience du parti unique en tunisie : le parti socialiste destourien." Poitiers, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986POIT3003.
Full textThe destourian socialist party, setting itself up as a one party, has been the main originator of the tunisian political regime. It allowed the modern tunisian "elite" to control the institutions and the political power as a whole for over. The p. S. D. Has lived its golden age during the socialization period between 1963-1969. But with the failure of destourian socialism, the leaders of the p. S. D. Will implement liberalization, thence the transfer of power from the hands of the middle-classes and "petite bourgeoisie" to the hands of the bureaucratic bourgeoisie. From that moment on, the p. S. D. Will slowly become a simple auxiliary of the administration
Dasser, Mhammed. "L'Expérience du parti unique en Tunisie le Parti Socialiste Destourien." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596974j.
Full textKhashan, Ali. "Le parti unique et la démocratie : exemple la Côte d'Ivoire." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON10035.
Full textThe idea of a unique party provoqued for jurists a sort of polemic considering the advantages and disadvantages. The polemic reached its apogee when the relation between the system of the unique party and the democracy was established. It is possible to ascertain this condition in certain countries of the third world and in particular the african countries that had opted for the system of the unique party due to pratical facters. On this sense, three developing countries need the unity of the people and the regime to continue their development. This is the reason that we have chosen the ivory coast's unique party where the p. D. C. I. Maintains the democracy. We have subdivised our work in two parts preceded by a preliminary chapter that discusses the origin of the unique party as well as the justifications that support it. For the origin, we attempted to consider the relationship between the p. D. C. I. And the other groups and forces that helped to form the party such as the african agricultural syndi. (a. A. S. ), the committee of franco-african studies and the group of communist students. Afterwards, we demonstrated the roll of the democratic party in the creation of the african democratis assembly (a. D. A. ) as well as its relation with the french communist party (f. C. P. ). We have devoted the first part to structure of the ivory coast's democratic party concerning basic elements or central organs of the party or even its methods of functioning. The second part deals with the different points of view of responsable inhabitants of the ivory coast that agree on the fact that the p. A. C. I. Is a democratic party. We have tried to discuss these affirmations regarding the practical reality and above all, based on certain examples, we have sketched our point of view concerning the relationships between the unique party and the democracy. At the end of our research we have demonstrated the necessity to establish the system of multipartism by using, among other methods, a survey of 86 students from the ivory coast. They expressed their position toward the scope of the unique party as well their relationship with the democracy
Ntsikabaka-Babela, Augustin. "L'evolution des partis politiques au congo : du multipartisme au parti unique. (de 1946 a nos jours)." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070172.
Full textNtsikabaka-Babela, Augustin. "L'Evolution des partis politiques au Congo du multipartisme au parti unique, de 1946 à nos jours /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608480w.
Full textBen, Said Mohamed Naceur. "Le parti unique et l'évolution vers le multipartisme en Tunisie : 1956-1983." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10003.
Full textKanda, Lukunga. "Pouvoir et gouvernance au Zaïre : (du règne du parti unique à la transition)." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE0041.
Full textMakengo, Nkutu Alphonse. "Du multipartisme au parti unique en république du Zaïre de 1950 à 1991." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082476.
Full textWith the apparition of the ABAKO as a political association in 1950, a certain awakening towards political concern has ermerged in 1956 on political ground. The political opinion in favor of this event was stressed by the manifestos of the “ African Consciousness ” and the ABAKO. These manifestos were designed to respond to the “ Plan for thirty years ” of the Professor Van Bilsen. The first political parties came into being between 1958-1960. The origin of these parties is mainly congolese because of the absence of influence from belgian political parties. The political parties created during the period 1960-1965 that is the first five years after the independence, were intended to fight for ideology. To this end, those parties were running for the general elections of 1965. From 1960, different governments have short lived because of political instability causing accordingly the dysfunction of political life and most importantly jeopardizing the function of the institutions. Under President MOBUTU regime, political parties were forbidden. . Moreover, President MOBUTU has created the MPR ( Revolutionary Popular Movement ) on May 20, 1967. The MPR was aimed to rally all Congolese citizens without exception. It was transformed into State Party in 1970. The MPR has become powerful during the Second Republic. But under the pressure of the population, President MOBUTU has accepted in the end on April 24, 1990, the existence of other political parties within the framework political liberalization
Guillemin, Philippe. "Communisme et politique frontiste des origines du front unique a son application francaise 1919-1927." Reims, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REIMD002.
Full textThe constitution in march 1919 of the third communist international gives concrete expression to a twofold certainty : the universality and the imminence of the revolution to come. The setting up of the various national sections, resulting from this postulate, takes place in a rapidly contradictory environment : that of the unattainable revolution. Such is the case for the french party, which springs from a painful split in december 1920. The necessity to conquer the masses that communism is supposed to lead, inspires lenin to launch, during the third congress in july 1921, a policy of address to socialdemocracy, in order to seduc a working class the majority of which still relies on it. This frontist policy - aiming at highlighting the capacity of communist parties to exemplary action - will fail, owing first to the french refusal to enter into an alliance with those they have just seceded from, then to the sectarian and ultra-leftist interpretation imposed by the authorities of the international, under zinoviev. Stalinian centrism and the thesis of "single-country socialism" which arise late in 1924 are yet to allow the initiation of the premises of a more effective frontist policy, from the autumn of 1925 to the summer of 1927. Henceforth convinced of the necessity to take into account the social democratic reality and to practise a more constructive alliance, the french communist party is hardly imagining the various ways to a real frontist policy when the stalinian international imposes the radical move to "class versus class" in november 1927. In fact, before the advent of the popular front, the french communist party, highly isolated, has not conquered its popular rank and file
Cointet, Jean-Paul. "La légion française des combattants (1940-1944) : mouvement civique et parti unique sous l'État français." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040143.
Full textThe French legion of combattants (1940-1944) incarnates one of the most original creations of the "French state" and the most representative of the ideology of that government. Only and authoritarian organization of the olden combatants its extended its estate to different categories of non-combatants, the thesis has been realized from public and private original sources. We have explored four main directions: political history, political sociology, history of the ideas, analysis of the opinion during the war. At once civic movement and governmental tool, the Legion became little by little as a real one party. It gave birth to the "service d'ordre légionnaire" (S. O. L. ), later the "Milice francaise". The thesis also develops a political sociology of the Legion which existed in each of the communes of the "free zone". As an history of the ideology of that time, the thesis reconstituted filiations and orientations starting from different kinds of legionary writings. At last, as a study of the opinion, we tried to restitute the reactions of that one to the different forms of the legionary propaganda
Barrière, Anne-Lise. "Concilier identité de gauche et intégration économique européenne : étude comparée du PS et du SPD face au défi du marché commun entre la conférence de la Haye (1969) et l'Acte unique (1986)." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30031/document.
Full textBetween the conference of The Hague (1965) and the signing of the Single European Act (1986), the European Construction was foremost an economic endeavour aiming at integrating the European societies and based on the free movement of goods, people, services and money. The creation of the common market was an extraordinary challenge for the nation states and for the political parties which are responsible for the expression of the political life of their nation. Two parties, the French socialist party (PS) and the social-democratic party of Germany (SPD), both deeply rooted in the political life of their own nation, with a socialist and democratic identity, but also moved by European ideals, were greatly involved in the realisation of the European project, mainly through the action of their leaders when these were exercising their national responsibilities and ruling their nation.Thus the questioning: did these parties leave the mark of democratic socialism on the European construction or did they only accompany it without correcting the original features? Did they participate in the definition of the European economic model or not? And in turn, did the European construction lead them to preserve or to modify their identity?Our inquiry leads us to study how two utopian ideas, the path towards democratic socialism and the path towards European unity, interfere. The extreme difficulty for both parties to create a convergence between these two paths could prevent them from remaining political strengths with great future at national and European scale
Zogo, Ondo Cyrille. "Libertés publiques et nouvel ordre politique en Afrique depuis la fin des partis uniques : le cas du Gabon." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA111003.
Full textRamos, Jiménez Alfredo. "Les partis politiques et la démocratie en Amérique latine : une étude comparative." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010313.
Full textThis is a study of political parties in latin american from a comparative perspective at the level of the continent on the basis of a historical-conflictual dynamic of latin american societies. The processes of party-formation, differentiation and consolidation in twenty-one countries are the driving forces of democratization. Given that, the model of "party democracy" became current in the post-authoritarian transition of the 80's, the party phenomenon is present in the constitution of the most important political families : oligarchical, socialist, popular and democratic. It is linked to the three main types of party systems : the single hegemonic-party, two-party and pluralist party systems
Keïta, Amadou. "L'opposition au Sénégal : Partis politiques et mouvements sociaux de 1974 à nos jours." Thesis, Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1235.
Full textHow could a partisan opposition establish itself in a political game marked by the one-party regime in such a way as to be a challenge by protest movements? At The confluence of the sociology of political parties and political mobilizations, this thesis is a study of the formation of the opposition through an analysis of activist and partisan opposition, as intended and maintained by presidential regimes from the 70s to today. This study has shown that the formation of the opposition activist identity is stamped with the model of political parties tied to the protest movements that marked the transformation of the regime as of the 80s. This identity increased after 2000 transformations with partisan competition from other identities that make their way into the political arena consisting of citizens, religious and youth movements. The commitment of the new entrants into the political arena with multiple identities (civic, intellectual and religious) upset the situation of the oppositional political parties. Are we witnessing a revival of opposition movements or do we have a crisis of partisan representation of the opposition? At the theoretical level, this work advocates the use of a sociological approach to the opposition to account for the protest logic of partisan and non-partisan actors that shape the political life and as indirect result, the transformation of Senegalese presidential regimes
Ingueza, Hervé. "Dynamiques des champs politiques locaux au Gabon : Contribution à l'analyse de l'intégration politique." Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40024.
Full textThe political trajectory of the Gabonese State can be read through three phrases of time : the time of apprenticeship and appropriation of political participation mechanisms (1946-1967), the time of political exclusiveness proposed by a unique Gabonese party (1968-1990), and the time of the democratic revival intervening from 1990. Throughout that configuration, our work enables to set the practice of local spaces within a perspective of political intégration. In such a context, besides the State dimension which identifies their nature, the political structure building of those local spaces fits into logical schemes of control and legitimation. Those elements condition contractual outlines of the articulation between the central power and local spaces. Whether they are conceived as spaces of the centre's extension and domination, or as spaces of conquest and visibility for antagonist political forces, relational modes are marked by the structural characteristics of the Gabonese State (which is indeed a centralized and Jacobin one). Structurally determined by local contigencies, and otherwise marked by attempts of political neutralization, Gabonese local political fields are characterized by an elective practice and insert themselves in a mode of captation controlled by the central power. In 1990, the central power domination was weakened by the democratic renewal. In that context dominated by the rise of new political forces, local fields crystallize political life in Gabon. On the one hand, the frenzied increase in number of administrative units brings about fresh spaces of political competition. After the saying "divide and rule", one discovers a new political axiom which is : "split and share". On the other hand, those places are bound to the State by means of its organization in several levels of administration and the geography of its hegemony. The State survives and thrives as long as it can maintain the territorial coalition of those places which provide it with a geographical shape. The State depends on the support of those places, which inversely also depend on the centre's political influence. The political continuity of the Gabonese system is implemented by the investment of local spaces acting as places of legitimation and getting round concerning a controlled political protest
Ndombet, Wilson-André. "Du multipartisme au monopartisme gabonais : les mécanismes d'intégration des masses et unité nationale : 1960-1986." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010285.
Full textThis work is research in political science witch is focused of the study of mechanism of integration masses, by the gabon political parties, in the interaction with the national unity. We have try to show the theme of national unity was used by the political parties : since 1960. The intres of this work reside in the study of the different ideologic fakes and their application. We have tried to show that never nor the bloc democratique gabonais have managed to make unity. But, the have used for party in power to consolider its autority and the opposing party to conquer power their strategies are the same in so far as clientelism, patrimonialism the domination of ethnic group on the others, they entail contadiction with and up with sever social crises. Finally the national unity is bean to conquer power
Aïvo, Frédéric Joël. "Le président de la République en Afrique noire francophone : essai sur la sociologie et les évolutions institutionnelles de la fonction au Bénin, au Cameroun, au Gabon et au Togo." Lyon 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO33026.
Full textBenabdallah, Saïd. "L'évolution de la justice en Algérie des origines à la fin du F. L. N. -Parti unique : l'impact sur la justice de l'Etat algérien contemporain." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0029.
Full textJustice servant? Justice reducing the gap? That's the subject of our analyses about origin justice at the end of the F. L. N. , unique party in Algeria. The F. L. N. Has used justice as a mean of struggle during the war of independance ; just after the independance, the F. L. N. , the only party disposing with all powers, has made justice in the service of the revolution all in operating in modern judicial structures and apparently "democratic"
Bitala-Bitemo, Joseph. "La communication politique par les mass-medias au congo : essai d'analyse fonctionnelle." Nancy 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN20007.
Full textPolitical communication means a transmission process of message whereby political information circulate on both sides of political system and between the latter and the social system. It is specially an exchange of information between the governors and the governed in order to ensure their agreement through the medium of the press. In order to play efficiently that part, and to protect pluralism of information the media should be free. In congo, the media are considered as organs of official expression of the political theory which is the marxism-leninism. They broadcast news sift by censorship and by the supervising information office in order to let the unique party strengthen effect upon everybody and perpetuate one's rule over the country. This search privileges observation about functions of the media in congo, their subject matter, political speech and the result
Kitsimbou, Xavier. "LA DEMOCRATIE ET LES REALITES ETHNIQUES AU CONGO." Phd thesis, Université Nancy II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00168467.
Full textDéjà en 1959 alors que le pays était encore sous contrôle de la puissance coloniale, de violents affrontements opposèrent les ressortissants de la région du Pool à ceux des régions du nord. Ce conflit qui fît de nombreuses victimes posa les bases de l'institutionnalisation d'un parti unique en 1964. A cette époque, le parti unique était présenté comme le symbole de l'unité nationale.
En 1990, la vague de démocratisation qui secoue une grande partie des pays de l'Afrique noire francophone n'épargne pas le Congo qui, dès 1991, redéfinit son système politique en optant pour le pluralisme politique. Durant toute cette période, le Congo s'est inscrit dans un cycle de violence entre les différentes composantes de sa population. Aussi dans cette réflexion, nous tenterons :
-de faire une analyse sur l'impact de la réalité ethnique dans la vie politique en général et sur le processus de démocratisation en particulier ;
-de mettre en lumière à travers des exemples, les conséquences de cette réalité sur le plan de la cohabitation interethnique ;
-et enfin d'analyser l'ensemble des mesures politiques et institutionnelles prises pour la résolution de cette question.
Le processus de démocratisation engagé avait –au- delà des considérations purement politiques- pour but principal de jeter les bases d'une authenticité historique en reconnaissant les particularismes et la diversité socioculturelle des communautés ethniques d'une part et en reconsidérant la « Nation congolaise » non pas comme une juxtaposition conflictuelle des ethnies mais comme un ensemble homogène dont les composantes s'enrichissent de leurs différences d'autre part.
Moins d'une décennie après son instauration, les flambées de violence qui suivirent sa mise en place posaient la problématique du type de système politique qui convenait le mieux dans cette société pluriethnique. La remise en cause en fin de compte des attributs de cette démocratie et la reprise du processus démocratique ont mis en lumière l'inadéquation structurelle d'un système avec les réalités locales et l'incapacité du facteur humain (l'homme politique) à s'inscrire aux changements.
Alakani, Emmanuel. "Reflexions sur la justice politique au congo." Caen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CAEN0024.
Full textThe political justice in congo can be considered below two angles. In the conceptual field, it more calls for analysing tools used in common law which are here "painted" ideologicaly. In the organisational field, its evolution reveals a juridictional proliferation dominated by the revolutionary court of justice. Thus, it appears at the analyse that political justice in congo has always adopted the cause of the ruling regime. Below a political system of unique party with marxist obedience, this justice has revealed itself an auxiliary justice of the power in order to justify the repression the regime wants to start against people who adopt a discourse opposed with the official creed
Degrave, Philippe. "Le parti des travailleurs brésilien : de son émergence à la conquête du Planalto (1979 - 2002)." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOD005/document.
Full textThe Brazilian Workers’ Party (PT) is an outstanding experience of a left-wing mass party. When it was born in 1980, many people wondered about its nature. In 2002, when Lula became the President of Brazil, this question did not deserve the same answer. The PT became bureaucratic, institutional and professional, experiencing a sort of accelerated Social-Democratization. As its starting point, this study takes the specificities of labour movement, trade unionism and the dictatorship (1964-1985) in Brazil. The PT originated in 1979-80 from mass social struggles around “authentic” trade unionists (such as Lula), left-wing Catholics, far-left activists, the left-wing intelligentsia and some “progressive” elected representatives. From the outset, the party established itself among the industrial working class, the tertiary sector (particularly the banking sector); in working-class neighbourhoods and some rural areas. The PT in the 1980s was militant, in the social and political opposition. After the 1989 presidential election narrowly missed by Lula, the PT changed: parliamentary opposition replaced the project of a clear social and political break; professional politicians left less room to the rank and file; opposing neo-liberalism took the place of anti-capitalism; its alliances increasingly broadened towards the centre. Until 2001, the PT opposed neoliberal policies. Yet the major turning point was to come with the 2002 presidential campaign. The party programme went through a gradual de-radicalization studied through 5 significant aspects of the Petista socialism. The study of contents and styles of 4 presidential campaigns from 1989 to 2002 completes these conclusions
Cussat-Blanc, Sylvain. "Créatures Artificielles : Développement d'Organismes à partir d'une Cellule Unique." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences Sociales - Toulouse I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00449673.
Full textFondevilla, Amélie. "Modélisation 3D d'objets cousus à partir d'un unique croquis." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM070.
Full textThe efficient creation of virtual 3D content is a major issue in Computer Graphics industry and research. This thesis addresses the modeling of sewed 3D objects such as clothes, shoes or accessories from 2D sketched inputs. While existing related approaches are either based on multi-view inputs or on character dependent interfaces, we propose in this thesis to start from an annotated single-view input in order to create 3D content satisfying geometric constraints that are specific to fabric, such as developability, or fold appearance and distribution. Our goal is to exploit the expressiveness user-drawn sketches to guide the modeling of plausible objects, using a priori geometric knowledge.We first present a single-view reconstruction approach for symmetric piece-wise developable objects from an annotated photo. Using the assumption of mirror-symmetry along with properties of smooth developable surfaces, we propose a system able to lift in 3 the silhouette, borders and seams drawn on the picture and reconstruct the surface of the object. Our method also provides topology information on the object, allowing the computation of 2D patterns for each piece of developable surface, which is necessary for manufacturing.While most of existing sketch-based modeling methods for garments aim at reconstructing border lines drawn on top of a view of the 3D virtual mannequin to be dressed, our approach uses a single 2D sketch as input. Our method first extracts generic features relative to the style of the sketched garment expressed as garment proportions, tight areas, silhouette shapes and folds. In particular, we propose a dedicated approach to extract robustly folds characteristics, even in the case of garment with deep folds leading to partially occluded garment borders. In a second step, we synthesize on a target virtual character a 3D garment surface exhibiting similar style, while adapting to the target pose and morphology that may be drastically different from the one depicted the sketch
Carella, Alexandre. "Conception et synthèse de la partie active d'un moteur moléculaire rotatif." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30123.
Full textIn the field of nanosciences, the conception and the construction of a molecular motor at the nanometric scale is a conceptual and synthetic challenge. A molecular motor is a molecule which can transform energy into an unidirectional movement. We decided to synthesized a molecular motor electrically addressed, designed to be studied as a single molecules between the electrodes of a nanojunction by near field microscopy. It will be a ruthenium organometallic complex bearing two different ligands which would act as a rotor and a stator. The stator is an hydrotrisindazolylborate ligand with a tripodal shape which have been functionalized to interact strongly with oxide surface currently used in AFM experiments. The rotor is a cyclopentadienyl ligand connected to five electroactive group by linear and rigid arms. Electroactive group will transfer electrons from the cathode to the anode and convert the electrical energy into an rotational motion of the rotor
Fauconnier, Clémentine. "Organisation partisane et exercice du pouvoir dans la Russie de Poutine : les paradoxes de la fabrication de Russie Unie (2001-2012)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0019.
Full textThis thesis aims to examine the issues and modalities of building a political majority in Russia from the 2000s, after a decade marked by the weakness of the Central Executive and party system fragmentation. Created in 2001 to support Vladimir Putin, the situation of the political party United Russia in the political landscape may seem paradoxical. Dominant at all levels of power since 2003, it still remains a tool in the hands of leaders of the Executive, without any real autonomy or influence. United Russia, including officially 2 million members, is not rooted in Russian society and has very few militants. The analysis of the tension between the dynamics of the party’s institutionalization and, at the same time, its maintaining under control of the State appears as a privileged entry point for analyzing, in a comparative perspective, the production of mechanisms of subjections of Russian elected officials. This implies to study the establishment of United Russia and its concrete functioning, the practices of the actors involved in these activities and the meaning they give to these practices. Thus this approach suggests to show how the study of this specific process of party construction is likely to feed a more general and comparative reflection on how the dynamics of differentiation or reconciliation between parties and the State contribute to produce various forms of political investments. For this purpose, studying the party as an institution as well as the comparative historical sociology can show the tensions created by the process of differentiation under the control of United Russia and also how it supports the establishment of new domination mechanisms
Demangeot, Marine. "L'analyse spatiale des extrêmes à partir d'une unique réalisation : un point de vue géostatistique." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM032.
Full textSpatial extreme value theory helps model and predict the frequency of extreme events in a spatial context like, for instance, extreme precipitations, extreme temperatures. It is well adapted to time series. However, in some cases, such types of data cannot be accessed: only one or just a few records are made available. This is the case, for instance in soil contamination evaluation. This situation is rarely addressed in the spatial extremes community, contrary to Geostatistics,which typically deals with such issues. The aim of this thesis is to make some connections between both disciplines,in order to better handle the study of spatial extreme events, and especially their spatial dependence structure, when having only one set of spatial observations. A link is first established through the concept of integral range. It is a geostatistical parameter that characterizes the statistical fluctuations of a stationary random field at large scale. When the latter is max-stable, we show that its extremal coefficient function (ECF), which is a measure of spatial dependence, is closely related to the integral range of the corresponding exceedance field above a threshold. From this, we move toproposing a new nonparametric estimator of the ECF. Its asymptotic properties are derived when it is computed from a single and partially observed realization of a stationary max-stable random field. Specifically, under some assumptions on the aforementioned integral range, we prove that it is consistent and asymptotically normal. Finally, we develop a novel algorithm to perform exact simulations in a continuous domain of storm processes with deterministic shape function. It distinguishes itself from most existing procedures, which apply to simulation domains made of a finite number of points. Most part of the algorithm are designed to be parallelizable
Meistermann, Dimitri. "Modélisation du développement préimplantatoire humain à partir de données de transcriptome de cellule unique." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT1019.
Full textCe travail de thèse est consacré à l’étude de nouveaux mélanges gazeux pour la gravure plasma du CdHgTe, à savoir : CH₃NO₂/H₂/Ar, CH₃OH/H₂/Ar et CH₄/NO₂/H₂/Ar. L’objectif est de graver sans polarisation du substrat pour limiter l’énergie déposée sur les surfaces gravées. Une première partie portant sur l’analyse de ces plasmas par sondes électrostatiques et spectroscopie d’émission optique a permis de montrer que la substitution de nitrométhane ou méthanol au méthane a un effet sur la composante chimique de la gravure. Pour ces nouveaux mélanges hydrocarbonés, l’apparition de molécules telles que CO et CN est corrélée à l’annihilation du dépôt spontané de polymère. La seconde partie, consacrée à la gravure du CdHgTe avec ces nouveaux précurseurs a prouvé la faculté de graver sans polarisation du substrat avec les mélanges CH₃NO₂/H₂/Ar et CH₄/N₂O/H₂/Ar et ainsi réduire les dommages engendrés au matériau, notamment la rugosité en surface. Une étude plus poussée de la gravure en mélange CH₄/N₂O/H₂/Ar montre notamment une augmentation de la vitesse de gravure pour les faibles polarisations jusqu’à un certain seuil, avant qu’elle ne stagne, correspondant au passage d’une gravure à dominance chimique à une gravure à dominance physique. De plus, la rugosité est indépendante de la puissance d’excitation du plasma, de la température du substrat ainsi que de la durée de gravure. Enfin, la gravure de tranchées a permis de mettre en évidence la gravure chimique et isotrope à faible polarisation avec les mélanges CH₄/N₂O/H₂/Ar et CH₃NO₂/H₂/Ar mais qui, à plus forte polarisation présente une meilleure passivation latérale que les gravures en plasma CH₄/H₂/Ar
Madrolle, Stéphanie. "Méthodes de traitement du signal pour l'analyse quantitative de gaz respiratoires à partir d’un unique capteur MOX." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT065/document.
Full textNon-invasively taken, exhaled breath contains many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) whose amount depends on the health of the subject. Quantitative analysis of exhaled air is of great medical interest, whether for diagnosis or for a treatment follow-up. As part of my thesis, we propose to study a device to analyze exhaled breath, including these VOCs. This multidisciplinary thesis addresses various aspects, such as the choice of sensors, materials and acquisition modes, the acquisition of data using a gas bench, and then the processing of the signals obtained to quantify a gas mixture. We study the response of a metal oxide sensor (MOX) to mixtures of two gases (acetone and ethanol) diluted in synthetic air (oxygen and nitrogen). Then, we use source separation methods in order to distinguish the two gases, and to determine their concentration. To give satisfactory results, these methods require first to use several sensors for which we know the mathematical model describing the interaction of the mixture with the sensor, and which present a sufficient diversity in the calibration measurements to estimate the model coefficients. In this thesis, we show that MOX sensors can be described by a linear-quadratic mixing model, and that a dual temperature acquisition mode can generate two virtual sensors from a single physical sensor. To quantify the components of the mixture from measurements on these (virtual) sensors, we have develop supervised and unsupervised source separation methods, applied to this nonlinear model: independent component analysis, least squares methods (Levenberg Marquardt algorithm), and a Bayesian method were studied. The experimental results show that these methods make it possible to estimate the VOC concentrations of a gas mixture, accurately, while requiring only a few calibration points
Pellegrino, Giancarlo. "Détection d'anomalies logiques dans les logiciels d'entreprise multi-partis à travers des tests de sécurité." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0064/document.
Full textMulti-party business applications are distributed computer programs implementing collaborative business functions. These applications are one of the main target of attackers who exploit vulnerabilities in order to perform malicious activities. The most prevalent classes of vulnerabilities are the consequence of insufficient validation of the user-provided input. However, the less-known class of logic vulnerabilities recently attracted the attention of researcher. According to the availability of software documentation, two testing techniques can be used: design verification via model checking, and black-box security testing. However, the former offers no support to test real implementations and the latter lacks the sophistication to detect logic flaws. In this thesis, we present two novel security testing techniques to detect logic flaws in multi-party business applicatons that tackle the shortcomings of the existing techniques. First, we present the verification via model checking of two security protocols. We then address the challenge of extending the results of the model checker to automatically test protocol implementations. Second, we present a novel black-box security testing technique that combines model inference, extraction of workflow and data flow patterns, and an attack pattern-based test case generation algorithm. Finally, we discuss the application of the technique developed in this thesis in an industrial setting. We used these techniques to discover previously-unknown design errors in SAML SSO and OpenID protocols, and ten logic vulnerabilities in eCommerce applications allowing an attacker to pay less or shop for free
Bonnaffoux, Arnaud. "Inférence de réseaux de régulation de gènes à partir de données dynamiques multi-échelles." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN054/document.
Full textInference of gene regulatory networks from gene expression data has been a long-standing and notoriously difficult task in systems biology. Recently, single-cell transcriptomic data have been massively used for gene regulatory network inference, with both successes and limitations.In the present work we propose an iterative algorithm called WASABI, dedicated to inferring a causal dynamical network from timestamped single-cell data, which tackles some of the limitations associated with current approaches. We first introduce the concept of waves, which posits that the information provided by an external stimulus will affect genes one-byone through a cascade, like waves spreading through a network. This concept allows us to infer the network one gene at a time, after genes have been ordered regarding their time of regulation. We then demonstrate the ability of WASABI to correctly infer small networks, which have been simulated in-silico using a mechanistic model consisting of coupled piecewise-deterministic Markov processes for the proper description of gene expression at the single-cell level. We finally apply WASABI on in-vitro generated data on an avian model of erythroid differentiation. The structure of the resulting gene regulatory network sheds a fascinating new light on the molecular mechanisms controlling this process. In particular, we find no evidence for hub genes and a much more distributed network structure than expected. Interestingly, we find that a majority of genes are under the direct control of the differentiation-inducing stimulus. Together, these results demonstrate WASABI versatility and ability to tackle some general gene regulatory networks inference issues. It is our hope that WASABI will prove useful in helping biologists to fully exploit the power of time-stamped single-cell data
Jimenez, Encarnacion. "Etude des mécanismes au foyer à partir d'une station unique : application aux domaines euro-méditérranéen et sud-ouest Pacifique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13241.
Full textJimenez, Encarnacion. "Etude des mécanismes au foyer à partir d'une station unique application aux domaines euro-méditerranéen et Sud-Ouest Pacifique /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614542v.
Full textLe, Tuan Khanh. "Hydrophobic Cluster analysis : prédiction de structures secondaires à partir d'une séquence unique : implémentation de la procédure "Secondary Structure Prediction" (SSP)." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066541.
Full textZaneti, Tainá Bacellar. "Cozinha de raiz : as relações entre chefs, produtores e consumidores a partir do uso de produtos agroalimentares singulares na gastronomia contemporânea." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/164708.
Full textThe current social process of gastronomization has triggered an even closer relationship between gastronomy and rural areas. Among the tendencies of contemporary gastronomy is the growing demand for local, traditional ingredients, produced with ecological methods, which refer to the sense of trajectory, identity and authenticity that carries traces of singularity. This demand has triggered, on the one hand, a greater concern of the diners and chefs with the origin of the products and, on the other, a (re) oncoming and (re) valorization of the relations between chefs, diners and family farmers, which may represent new market opportunities for Family Agriculture. This thesis aims to problematize these questions and its main purpose is to analyze how the relations between chefs, producers and consumers occur in the process of insertion and use of singular agrifood products in the contemporary gastronomy, trying to understand to what extent this consumption is stimulating new markets for Family Agriculture and traditional groups. There were studied four cases of restaurants and institutions that presented initiatives and practices of direct relations between chefs, producers and diners. To obtain the data, there were conducted semi-structured interviews with these actors, participant observation in restaurants and institutions, analyses of menus and the trajectory of the ingredients. The mobilization of the concepts of economic sociology and the data analysis obtained in the field research provided elements for the elaboration of an explanatory concept for the phenomenon studied, called Embedded Gastronomy. This is based on short gastronomic chains, which show relationships of proximity and social embeddedness among producers, chefs and diners and is aligned with unique products, which have their standards of quality and distinctiveness built and legitimized through information shared between the actors. These chains are made up of two main forms: a) Chefcentric Short Gastronomic Chain, which has horizontal formation, is organized between actors and has the chef as the chain's central link; Or b) Sinergic Short Gastronomic Chains, organized in a vertical way, mediated by institutions and not only by the actors, allowing the consumers and producers greater possibilities of interaction, giving greater power of agency and autonomy to the producers that can establish networks with both the chefs, and consumers directly. In both, the chef appears as central social actor both in the formation of these chains, and in the re-signification of the ingredients towards the singularity. It can be inferred that in the horizontal formation, even if the formation of a short chain is observed, also the formation of market niches is observed, for few producers and few consumers, with low effect of cultural changes and development of the producers. In the vertical formation, there is decentralization of power, a greater degree of relationship between actors, greater autonomy and empowerment of producers, and flexibility to access this market. Thus, it can be said that the embedded gastronomy contributes to the rural development by re-socializing the producers and relocating the products in the constitution of the strategies of valorization of the producer and the product in the short gastronomic chains, from the construction of new markets with new standards of governance. The role of the chef is an educational channel for the awareness of the importance of the approximation and appreciation of Family Agriculture and traditional groups. However, the chef's role must be associated with policies and initiatives that guarantee the strengthening of Family Agriculture, of national biodiversity and the development of short marketing channels.
Arthaud, Christopher. "Etude de la morphogénèse et de la division chez Streptococcus pneumoniae par microscopie de localisation de molécule unique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV024/document.
Full textThe morphogenesis of ovovcocci, which include the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, involves elongation and division processes associated with cell wall synthesis. The main component of the cell wall is the peptidoglycan, a polymer made of glycan chains cross-linked by peptide chains, which confers the bacterial shape and is essential for cell survival. Peptidoglycan synthesis required for cell elongation and division is performed by large protein complexes called “elongasome” and “divisome”, respectively. The assembly mechanisms and activity of these complexes in the bacterial cell remain mysterious. To image the activity of the peptidoglycan synthesis complexes in vivo at the nanoscale, I developed a method combining D-amino acid derivatives, click chemistry and single-molecule localization microscopy (dSTORM or direct Stochastic reconstruction microscopy). This method allowed obtaining images at a resolution of about 20 nm resolution, revealing unexpected features of peptidoglycan synthesis and challenging the role of some proteins in pneumococcus morphogenesis. By combining these observations with data from the literature, a simplified model of ovococci morphogenesis is proposed
Pouilly, Jean-Pierre. "Détermination du temps d'endurance à une intensité supérieure au seuil ventilatoire à partir d'une épreuve incrémentale unique avec une augmentation continue de la puissance." Saint-Etienne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STET006T.
Full textCathala, Jean-Marc. "Les meres schizophrenes et leurs enfants : reflexions a partir d'une unite mere-enfant." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR1M169.
Full textLlored, Jean-Philippe. "Edition du roman d'Othevien à partir d'un unicum de la Bodleian Library d'Oxford (Hatton 100)." Thesis, Lille 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL3H019.
Full textThe Romanz d’Othevien empereor of Rome was transmitted only by a single manuscript, currently in the Bodleian Library of Oxford, the Hatton 100. It is a testimony, in Anglo-Norman, with a significant number of picardisms, written during the second quarter of the thirteenth century, in 5372 octosyllables with flat rhymes (AA, BB).This text provided the first part of a very late epic song, from the last quarter of the fourteenth century, in 18599 alexandrins, Florent and Octavian, work homogeneous by its composition, which amplifies in its second part the epilogue of the “roman” whose edition we propose.The Romanz d’Othevien is therefore a work that is part of a new cycle in its time, Merovingian, at the same time that the Arthurian gesture was somewhat out of breath and that the epic song was heading towards what Philip Bennet, François Suard and Claude Roussel defined as “adventure song” that will be the future of the epic genre in the late Middle Ages.Several versions in foreign languages derive from the novel either directly or indirectly through the intermediary of Florent and Octavian : a prose reworking of the first song, at the beginning of the fifteenth century, of which no manuscript has survived ; two Italian and, in 1587, in German, Kaiser Octavianus, among others.Octavian, mythical emperor is friend of Dagobert the first whose reign lies from 629 to 639. There is of course no more a western Roman Empire, the eastern Emperor is Heraclius who leads wars against the Persians – we find echoes in our work – and will see its borders attacked by the Saracens in 634. At the time of the early writing, moreover, the legend of St Denis, as well as that of his cephalophoria and his confusion with Denys the Areopagites, which became the protector of the kings of France, was carved out in France. The famous abbey, which houses the tombs of almost all the sovereigns since the 7th century, was founded precisely by Dagobert.In fact, our « roman », also called « song » in verse 6, begins when Dagobert succeeds Clotaire II and is crowned in Reims.Thus emerged the idea that our cycle was itself inscribed in another, wider one, that of Dagobert and Octavian which would also include at least Charles the Bald, ms. yet unpublished and Theseus of Cologne, transmitted by two complementary manuscripts of the fourteenth century
Milongo, Moukongo Paterne Gervilen. "Comparaison du rôle de la société civile dans le processus de démocratisation en Namibie et au Congo Brazzaville au cours de la période 1989-1994»." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30005.
Full textOne can acknowledge that the democratisation process in Namibia started in 1989 and in Congo Brazzaville in 1990: for the first one it meant freeing itself from the South African rule as the country conquered its independence and established a democratic regime, for the second one, it meant the fall of a one-party rule and installing a multiparty system in a move to democracy. This upheaval phase was made possible through social forces mobilisation, especially trade unions. Our research consists in looking into the role played by these social forces in the process and in questioning their nature, particularly in order to determine whether they form some civil society. In both countries, churches are instrumental in the process. When democracy is introduced, associations flourish. As the first institutions are set, a struggle for power is engaged that soon proves to be critical for civil society, as even their position is challenged ; organisations are under deep stress. Some leaders of these social movements join or head political parties, in a high-risk context. Ethnic or tribal rivalries, as well as regionalism roots in the people's consciousness. If Namibia continues its path to democracy, despite the weakness of civil society and the wounds from the past, the Congo will first fall into civil war before searching for a way towards peace. Civil society, which has collapsed during the conflict, comes back to front stage through the Ecumenical Council of Churches but fails to consolidate democracy
Riley, Gareth. "The development of a generic model for choosing a suitable traceability system for use in a manufacturing environment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2813.
Full textTraceability systems are capable of both tracking and tracing parts. They offer many benefits to an organisation from assisting with recall applications to monitoring the everyday workings of a production line or supply chain. There are numerous methods able to act as traceability systems but only a few can be regarded as automatic and unique identifiers. Automatic traceability of individual entities is the future. It is already widely used by a number of leading companies throughout different business sectors and wide mass adoption is imminent. At present, they are slightly more expensive than the simpler technologies but once mass produced, the cost will come down. To completely understand how traceability systems are implemented, practical experience is required. When starting a traceability project, there are a lot of different options. The different systems offer their own set of advantages and some don’t work in certain environments. It was for this reason that The Decision Making Model was developed to assist users through the difficult initial stages of traceability implementation (i.e. choosing the system most suitable to a particular environment). This model was programmed in Excel and supplies the user with a number of questions regarding the environment the system would work in as well as the user’s requirements. The answers to these questions help the user work through the different types of traceability options to eliminate unsuitable choices. The result is an easy to use program designed with the ability to be upgraded as the technologies evolve.
Balestrin, Maria de Fátima. "A politíca da saúde no município de Ponta Grossa a partir da constitucionalização do sistema único de saúde." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2006. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/291.
Full textThis work has as objective to analyze the process of constitutionalization of Unique System of Health (SUS) in the Municipality of Ponta Grossa, from the municipal government immediately previous to the constitutionalization of that policy and the governments that followed until the current one, corresponding to the period from 1985 to 2005. It’s about qualitative research, whose information of the empirical reality was collected through the semi-structured interview. To reach the objectives, we departed from the historical route of medical science development on the purport to understand the concepts and views of health/illness in the history, which determined or determine the elaboration and execution of the policy for the sector. We also search an approximation with health policy in Brazil in the different historical contexts, from the assistancial medical privatist model, passing by the Sanitary Reform Movement, reaching to the plural model instituted with SUS in 1988. As result, we perceive the difficulty of consolidation of SUS being a policy founded on values as the universality, the integrality, the decentralization, the equity and participation of society, in Brazil’s level. In the specific case of Municipality of Ponta Grossa, in relation to the Unique System of Health principles, in the governments here studied, it perceives moments of advance and moments of retrocession; sometimes searching new practices, at attempt to exceed the hegemonic assistancial-medical model, investing also in prevention and promotion of health; sometimes prevailing the view centered on the hospital resulted from the flexnerian model. In this purport, the view centered on the illness still persists strongly among managers, professionals, and population in general; what demands practices that seek to change, progressively, the form to conceive the process health/illness. There is also the necessity of strengthenment of the principal canals of participation and social control: the Health Councils, for the SUS principles being effective in a democratic form, in other words, in favor of society and not of the individualist interests. Keywords: Health Policy. Unique System of Health (SUS). Family’s Health Program.
Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o processo de constitucionalização do Sistema Único de Saúde no Município de Ponta Grossa, a partir da administração municipal imediatamente anterior à constitucionalização dessa política e as administrações que se seguiram até a atual, compreendendo o período de 1985 a 2005. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, cujos dados da realidade empírica foram coletados através de entrevista semi-estruturada. Para atingirmos os objetivos, partimos do percurso histórico do desenvolvimento da ciência médica no sentido de compreender os conceitos e visões de saúde/doença na história, que determinaram ou determinam a elaboração e execução da política para o setor. Também buscamos uma aproximação com política de saúde no Brasil nos diferentes contextos históricos, do modelo médico assistencial privatista, passando pelo Movimento de Reforma Sanitária, chegando ao modelo plural instituído com o SUS em 1988. Como resultado, percebemos a dificuldade de consolidação do SUS enquanto uma política alicerçada em valores como a universalidade, a integralidade, a descentralização, a eqüidade e participação da sociedade, em nível de Brasil. No caso específico do Município de Ponta Grossa, em relação aos princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde, nas administrações aqui estudadas, percebe-se momentos de avanços e momentos de retrocessos; ora buscando novas práticas, na tentativa de ultrapassar o modelo médico-assistencial hegemônico, investindo também na prevenção e promoção da saúde; ora prevalecendo a visão hospitalocêntrica advinda com o modelo flexneriano. Nesse sentido, a visão centrada na doença ainda persiste fortemente entre gestores, profissionais e população em geral; o que demanda práticas que busquem mudar, progressivamente, a forma de conceber o processo saúde/doença. Põe-se também a necessidade de fortalecimento dos principais canais de participação e controle social: os Conselhos de Saúde, para que os princípios dos SUS sejam efetivados de forma democrática, ou seja, em prol da sociedade e não de interesses individualistas.
Griffin, R. Steven. "Workers of the Sunshine State unite! the Florida Socialist Party during the Progressive Era, 1900 to 1920 /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013396.
Full textCavalcante, Déborah Cristina de Jesus. "A operacionalização da assistência social: uma análise a partir da gestão do Sistema Único de Assistência Social - SUAS no município de Manaus-AM." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2012. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2703.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The operationalization of social assistance through a public system, decentralized and participatory, called Unified Social Assistance System-SUAS is a new and under construction in the country. The correlations of social and political forces, however, impose limits on SUAS, handicapping, sometimes the guarantee of social assistance as their legal and institutional framework. On the one hand, witness the advances in instruments that regulate the management of social care in SUAS logic, and secondly, there is the persistence of regressive ways of operationalizing this policy. Given this scenario, this study undertakes an analysis of the process of operationalization of social welfare at the level of basic social protection, from the viewpoint of the SUAS management in Manaus/AM, through a characterization of viable mode of structural axes of management of this system by the Municipal Social Welfare and Human Rights-SEMASDH, as well as the identification of the form of organization implemented by the Secretariat for the guaranteed services socioassistenciais of basic social protection and also an analysis on access to these socioassistenciais services from the perspective of users of public policy analysis. Therefore, this study was guided by the study of the following categories: social security, social assistance and social assistance system only. With this design theory, the intention was to seize sociohistorical elements that determine the shape of welfare as social protection policy and demarcate the ways traditionally social assistance was operationalized to distinguish the shape of the SUAS for this policy. This is an exploratory study about their goals and qualitative in nature and how to approach the data, which were seized from the completion of a literature, documentary and field, held in Manaus, under SEMASDH of covering the Municipal Fund of Social Assistance and FMAS-four (04) Reference Centers for Social Assistance-CRAS, and the scene of the Municipal Council of Welfare-CMAS. To forward this investigative process, semi-structured interviews were held with the Secretary of SEMASDH and Coordinators CRAS selected were applied forms with open and closed questions with the Division Chief of FMAS, with teams of professionals Reference CRAS, Councillor Holder with CMAS and service users socioassistenciais. From this perspective approach, the study contributed to a reflection on the operationalization of social welfare policy in the city, revealing a weakness in the structure of the SUAS in the city, the diffuse mode and distanced itself from the legal and normative precepts advocated in PNAS/2004 and NOB-SUAS/2005 where SEMASDH enables the axes of organizational management system; addition of incompleteness which marks the form of organization of services socioassistenciais limiting the duties of social assistance in the exercise of social surveillance, social protection and guarantee of socioassistenciais rights and, by extension, came the possibility that these services are at SUAS universalized and guaranteed quality and fairness for families that demand, resulting in poor efficiency of the guarantee of social welfare policy as Social Security.
A operacionalização da assistência social por meio de um sistema público, descentralizado e participativo, denominado Sistema Único de Assistência Social- SUAS é um processo novo e em construção no país. As correlações de forças sociais e políticas, no entanto, impõem limites ao SUAS, fragilizando, por vezes, a garantia da assistência social conforme o seu marco legal e institucional. Por um lado, presenciam-se os avanços nos instrumentos que normatizam a gestão da assistência social na lógica do SUAS e, por outro, observa-se a persistência de modos regressivos de operacionalização dessa política pública. Em face desse cenário, este estudo realiza uma análise do processo de operacionalização da assistência social, no nível da proteção social básica, sob a ótica da gestão SUAS, em Manaus/AM, por meio de uma caracterização do modo de viabilização dos eixos estruturantes de gestão desse sistema pela Secretaria Municipal de Assistência Social e Direitos Humanos- SEMASDH, bem como, da identificação da forma de organização implementada por esta Secretaria para a garantia dos serviços socioassistenciais da proteção social básica e, ainda, de uma análise acerca do acesso a esses serviços socioassistenciais a partir da perspectiva dos usuários da política pública em análise. Para tanto, este estudo foi norteado pelo estudo das seguintes categorias: proteção social, assistência social e sistema único de assistência social. Com esse desenho teórico, a pretensão foi apreender os elementos sociohistóricos que determinam o formato da assistência social como política de proteção social e demarcar as formas como tradicionalmente a assistência social foi operacionalizada para distinguir o formato do SUAS para esta política pública. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório quanto aos seus objetivos e qualitativo quanto à natureza e à forma de abordagem dos dados, os quais foram apreendidos a partir da concretização de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, realizada no município de Manaus, no âmbito da SEMASDH, abrangendo o Fundo Municipal de Assistência Social- FMAS e 04 (quatro) Centros de Referência da Assistência Social- CRAS, e no cenário do Conselho Municipal de Assistência Social- CMAS. Para encaminhar esse processo investigativo, realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com o Subsecretário da SEMASDH e os Coordenadores dos CRAS selecionados, aplicaram-se formulários com perguntas abertas e fechadas com a Chefe de Divisão do FMAS, com os profissionais das Equipes de Referência dos CRAS, com a Conselheira Titular do CMAS e com os usuários dos serviços socioassistenciais. Partindo dessa perspectiva de abordagem, o estudo contribuiu para uma reflexão sobre a operacionalização da política pública de assistência social no Município, desvelando uma fragilidade na estruturação do SUAS no Município, pelo modo difuso e distanciado dos preceitos legais e normativos preconizados na PNAS/2004 e NOB-SUAS/2005 em que a SEMASDH viabiliza os eixos organizativos desse sistema de gestão; além da incompletude que marca a forma de organização dos serviços socioassistenciais que limita o cumprimento das funções da assistência social no exercício da vigilância social, proteção social e garantia dos direitos socioassistenciais e, por extensão, entrava a possibilidade de que pelo SUAS esses serviços sejam universalizados e garantidos com qualidade e justiça às famílias que os demandam, resultando na pouca efetividade da garantia da assistência social como política pública de Seguridade Social.
Ette, Théodore-Emien. "Modèle général de classes et modèle de partitions pour le découpage d'une variable unique : Deuxième partie : application des méthodes de l'analyse des données aux statistiques du marché mondial du cacao et du café." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066657.
Full textCoetzee, Mervyn A. "Blood, race and the construction of 'the coloured' in Sarah Gertrude Millin's God's Stepchildren." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5362.
Full textIn this paper I attempt to look critically at the literary construction of one particular 'race', namely the 'Coloureds', in Sarah Gertrude Millin's God's Stepchildren. To this end, the paper draws on the historical background of Millin, and investigates the way in which Millin has consciously and strategically formed, as it were, a 'unique' Coloured identity. Furthermore, the paper explores the proximity or tension between author and narrator in the novel. This tension, I suggest, emerges in response to various pressures in the novel which in turn are based upon the author's social, political and economic background. Evidence to this effect is derived from Millin's biography and other sources. What emerges from the paper is that the concepts 'race' and 'Coloured', as they are employed in this novel, are equally elusive. In attempting to piece together a 'race', the novel communicates Millin's aversion to miscegenation, and discloses characteristics of her 'self'. Ironically, I conclude, she falls prey to the same kinds of prejudices that she projects onto her literary subjects.
Monteiro, Estela Maria Leite Meirelles. "(Re)ConstruÃÃo de AÃÃes de EducaÃÃo em SaÃde a Partir de CÃrculos de Cultura: experiÃncia participativa com enfermeiras do PSF do Recife/PE." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=619.
Full textO entendimento de promoÃÃo da saÃde como mobilizaÃÃo da comunidade para atuar na melhoria de sua qualidade de vida e saÃde, bem como no controle do processo, vem alicerÃar o conceito de EducaÃÃo em SaÃde. A partir deste entendimento, as aÃÃes de EducaÃÃo em SaÃde devem estar articuladas a polÃticas pÃblicas, ambientes saudÃveis e reorientaÃÃo dos serviÃos de saÃde, assim como, propostas pedagÃgicas libertadoras, fomentadas nos princÃpios da solidariedade, da cidadania e da Ãtica, visando à promoÃÃo do homem. O estudo apresenta como objetivo geral aplicar o CÃrculo de Cultura com enfermeiras, que atuam em PSF, como abordagem metodolÃgica para potencializar a prÃxis de EducaÃÃo em SaÃde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-aÃÃo, realizada nos meses de fevereiro a maio de 2006. Os sujeitos do estudo foram enfermeiras da equipe de SaÃde da FamÃlia da microrregiÃo 6.3, do Distrito SanitÃrio VI, que corresponde ao bairro do Ibura, no MunicÃpio de Recife-PE. Foram selecionados como instrumentos para coleta de dados um formulÃrio de entrevista, a observaÃÃo participante, o registro fotogrÃfico e filmagem, alÃm do registro em caderno de campo. Foram utilizados como mÃtodo e tÃcnica o CÃrculo de Cultura para articular com a dimensÃo coletiva e interativa da investigaÃÃo, no desenvolvimento da pesquisa-aÃÃo. Foram realizados oito CÃrculos de Cultura, constituÃdos das seguintes etapas: conhecimento do universo vocabular do enfermeiro e da comunidade; dinÃmica de sensibilizaÃÃo/descontraÃÃo; problematizaÃÃo; fundamentaÃÃo teÃrica; reflexÃo teÃrico-prÃtica; construÃÃo coletiva dos saberes; sÃntese do que foi vivenciado e avaliaÃÃo. Os CÃrculos constituÃram a aplicaÃÃo dos pressupostos freireanos, como: participaÃÃo, diÃlogo, consciÃncia crÃtica, acesso a conteÃdos articulados à realidade, o conhecimento como instrumento de possibilidades e de liberdade, valorizaÃÃo do saber popular, autonomia para realizar suas escolhas e caminhos; como fundamentos mobilizadores de uma complexa estratÃgia de âempowermentâ. A anÃlise e interpretaÃÃo privilegiaram a discussÃo em torno dos dados obtidos, segundo a seqÃÃncia dos CÃrculos de Cultura realizados, de onde decorreu a interpretaÃÃo, pelo grupo, do significado da experiÃncia e pela pesquisadora-animadora em diÃlogo com a literatura. Assim, cada enfermeira teve a oportunidade de apresentar sua proposta de aÃÃo educativa, sendo consolidada uma proposta coletiva de sistematizaÃÃo das intervenÃÃes de EducaÃÃo em SaÃde. A proposta da realizaÃÃo de CÃrculos de Cultura como abordagem fundamental na prÃtica da EducaÃÃo em SaÃde, vem despertar nos profissionais de saÃde uma atitude de inquietaÃÃo e dinamismo ante questÃes de saÃde que tanto afligem as famÃlias das comunidades onde atuam. Deste modo, enseja-se uma relaÃÃo de cumplicidade entre os profissionais de saÃde e os grupos comunitÃrios com o entendimento de saÃde como produto das reais condiÃÃes sociais e do compromisso com as aÃÃes de promoÃÃo da saÃde.
The understanding of health promotion as a process of community mobilization to actuate in the improvement of its life and health quality as also in the control of the process comes to base the concept of education in health. From this, the actions of education in health must be articulated to public policies, agreeable environments and re-orientation of health services, as well as pedagogical liberating offers, stimulated in the principles of solidarity, citizenship and ethics, aiming the promotion of man. This study has as general aim, to apply the Culture Circles with nurses who work in PSF, as a methodological approach to potentialize the praxis of Education in Health. It is a research-action, prepared from February to May of 2006. The subjects of study were nurses from the Family Health team of the micro-region 6.3, of the Sanitary District VI, that is, region of Ibura in the municipality of Recife-PE. Concerning data collection, it was selected an interview form, a participant observation and a photographing register and filming, besides the register in camp notebook. As methody and strategy the Culture Circle was used to link with an interactive and collective dimension of the investigation, in the development of research-action. The techniques of register, processing and exhibition of results, were also used. It was accomplished eight Culture Circles, constituted by the following: the community and nurse vocabulary; dynamic of sensitiveness / relaxing; problem procedure; theoretical establishment; theoretical â practice reflection; collective construction of the knowledge; summary of the experiences; and evaluation. The Circles constituted the application of freireano pressuppositions as: participation, dialogue, critical conscience, contexts near to possibilities and freedom, value to popular know-how, autonomy to achieve choices and ways; as the mobilized basis of a complex strategy of âempowermentâ. The analysis and interpretation privileged the discussion around the data according to the sequence of the Culture Circles achieved; from where occurred the interpretation of the meaning of the experience by the group and by the researcher â animated in dialogue with the literature. So, each nurse had the opportunity to present his/her proposal of educational action, being selected collective one of systematization of the interventions of education in health. This proposal of Culture Circles as fundamental approach in practicing the education in health awakes in the health professionals an attitude of anxiety and dynamism towards the problems of health of the families where they work. So, it is necessary a relation of cumplicity between health professionals and communitary groups to see the health as product of real social conditions and liability with the actions of promoting health.
Passy, Brice. "Esquisse théorique de la coopération franco-gabonaise de 1960 à nos jours : une aide publique au sous-développement ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010544.
Full textThe concept of development aid made its intrusion in history shortly after the Second World War. Title XIII of the constitution of October 4, 1958 outlined the policy of co-operation. The General De Gaulle intended to solve the dilemma : to fold up the Tricolour without breaking the historical bonds. However, if French legitimacy in the new partnership found legal quibbles, the ambitions which it concentrated comprised of the weakness. Engagement for the development can last « Ad vitam aeternam ». The diversity of administrative and financial instruments, as well as the multitude of actors add to confusion. The reforms of the mechanism of the co-operation did not gum yet the idea of the « changes impromptues ». The « theoretical draft of the French Gabonese co-operation since 1960 until nowadays : a public aid for the underdevelopment ? » reveals ambiguity, the dichotomy between co-operation and development. In spite of the enormous potentialities of a country from approximately 1,5 million inhabitants, the co-operation pains to bring out the Gabonese of the poverty line. They are as poor, 50 years after the independences, as they were at the time when the colonial administration passed the hand over. If the French technical aid allowed certainly a certain changing of this one, called « gabonisation », the essential of the economy in this country remains concentrated in the hands of the French where a considerable share of the French public investments passes. The importance of Gabon for France caused a co-operation of the shade where all kind of paradoxical drifts to progress perspires : underhand dealings, favoritism, misappropriation, sectarianism... monolithism
Oudghiri, Mourad. "Sur le théorème de Weyl." Lille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL10079.
Full textMaia, Rodrigo Ismael Francisco [UNESP]. "Crise da esquerda comunista: políticas do PCI e do PCP sobre a união europeia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132429.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Questa dissertazione ha lo scopo di capire le relazione tra il Partito Comunista Italiano(PCI) e il Partito Comunista Portoghese (PCP) rispetto il processo di integrazione europeo che si è concluso con l'Unione Europea (UE), rilevando la connessione fra politica interna e estera nelle strategie dei partiti. In Italia e Portogallo, lo stabilimento della democrazia faceva parte della strategia dei due PC, i quali avevano ampie basi nelle classi lavoratrici. La tenuta della autoorganizzazione delle classi lavoratrici e la fine dei processi di agitazione sociale portarono alla normalità democratica e alla internazionalizzazione economica, liberale. Il PCI, promuovendo la sua particolare via italiana al socialismo, ha collaborato con la formazione della Comunità Economica Europea (CEE), il PCP che inizialmente la rifiutava, ha iniziato a prenderla come fonte di benefici in difesa dalla democrazia. Lo sviluppo sociale della CEE è stato disuguale e combinato, grazie al quale i paesi sono diventati parte del mercato comune mentre la frammentazione devastava il mondo del lavoro. L'isolamento è stata una prima sconfitta per i due PC nei governi nazionali, e un'altra è stata la impossibilità di andare avanti con la strategia delle riforme in direzione al socialismo. Al fallimento pratico e ideologico si è aggiunto quello politico al momento della conclusione della UE e della crisi finale della sinistra comunista internazionale, quando il PCI ha deciso per lo scioglimento e il PCP per la continuità ortodossa.
Esta dissertação tem o objetivo de compreender as relações entre o Partido Comunista Italiano (PCI) e o Partido Comunista Português (PCP) a respeito do processo de integração europeu que culminou na União Europeia (EU), destacando a conexão entre a política interna e externa nas estratégias dos partidos. Na Itália e em Portugal, a instauração do regime democrático fazia parte da estratégia dos dois PCs, os quais possuíam amplas bases nas classes trabalhadoras. O estancamento das auto-organizações das classes trabalhadoras e o fim dos processos de efervescência social levaram à normalidade democrática e à internacionalização das economias, liberalizando-as. O PCI, promovendo sua particular via italiana ao socialismo, colaborou com a formação da Comunidade Econômica Europeia (CEE), o PCP que inicialmente a recusava, passou a tomá-la como fonte de benefícios em defesa da democracia. O desenvolvimento social da CEE foi desigual e combinado, no qual os países passaram a fazer parte do mercado comum ao mesmo tempo em que a fragmentação assolava o mundo do trabalho. O isolamento foi uma primeira derrota dos dois PCs nos governos nacionais, e a outra foi a impossibilidade de avançar com a estratégia de reformas rumo ao socialismo. À falência prática e ideológica se somou a política no limiar da efetivação da UE e diante da crise terminal da esquerda comunista internacional, quando o PCI decidiu pelo desmanche e o PCP pelo prosseguimento ortodoxo.
This thesis aims to understand the relationships between the Italian Communist Party (PCI) and the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) about the European integration process which culminated in the EU, highlighting the connection between domestic and foreign policy in strategies of the parties. In Italy and Portugal, the establishment of the democratic system was part of the strategy of the two PCs, which had broad-based in the working class. The stagnation of the selforganization of the working classes and the end of social unrest processes have led to democratic normality and the internationalization of economies, liberalizing them. The PCI, promoting their particular Italian via to socialism, collaborated with the formation of the European Economic Community (EEC), the PCP that initially refused, began to take it as a source of benefits in defense of democracy. The EEC's social development was uneven and combined, in which countries became part of the common market at the same time the fragmentation ravaged the world of work. The isolation was a first defeat of the two PCs in national governments, and the other was the impossibility to move forward with the strategy of reforms toward socialism. To the practical and ideological failure was joined the politics at the threshold of execution of the EU, in front of the terminal crisis of the international communist left, when the PCI decided for dismantle and the PCP to the orthodox continuation.