Academic literature on the topic 'Partial Atrophic Tongue'

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common disorder whose cause is still unknown. It occurs mostly on the buccal mucosa, but the gingivae, tongue, floor of the mouth and retromalar pads may also be affected. It rarely occurs on the lips and usually in association with oral lesions. We report a case series of ten patients with a history of isolated swelling of the lower and/or upper lip, erosions and crusting. General medical history, examination of the oral cavity and recording of signs and symptoms were carried out for each patient. Among the six different clinical variants of OLP described by Andreasen, the atrophic-erosive form was the most common in the course of isolated LP of the lip in our series. Five cases presented HCV hepatitis. A complete remission of lesions was observed in eight patients after topical treatment with clobetasol propionate 0.05% and tocopherol oil, while partial improvement was noted in those remaining. Isolated LP of the lip is unusual and presents a diagnostic challenge, however an appropriate differential diagnosis is fundamental. Lesions of the lips might represent a more or less precocious phase of oral involvement. Moreover the reasons for the unique localization on the lips need to be explored. Several variables, including age, duration of lesions, concomitance of other diseases, and genetic predisposition may be involved. Isolated LP of the lip is a well-known condition which responds well to topical treatment with corticosteroids. A thorough medical management and active early treatment are necessary to improve symptoms and might also be a relevant prevention strategy from squamous cell carcinoma risk, although data to fully support this statement still need investigation.

Adentia is a fairly wide-spread condition among the population. Even at current level of dentistry and materials science development the proportion of patients who do not use removable prostheses, according to various data from foreign and domestic researchers, reaches almost a third. Due to the fact that removable prostheses are combined irritants of prosthetic bed tissues, adaptation to them is an urgent problem of orthopedic dentistry. The process of adaptation to prostheses, according to Russian researchers, takes place on average in the period of 10 to 33 days and depends on many factors, which include anatomical, physiological and individual features of the dento-alveolar apparatus, the condition of the oral mucosa, the degree of the jaw bone's atrophy, the choice and design features of the prosthesis, as well as features of the patient's psychological state. The purpose of this work was to study the peculiarities of adaptation to removable prostheses in patients of different age groups. Materials and methods. A clinical and statistical analysis of 170 outpatient dental records was carried out (form 043/U) for the type of adentia and prosthetics. Next, the patients were offered to fill a questionnaire developed by us, which contained questions that made it possible to assess the adaptation timing, the main complaints when using removable prostheses. All patients underwent a clinical anthropometric examination in order to identify macroglossia according to the technique that we proposed, the finings of which were processed using the authors-developed computer program "Clinical and Biometric Assessment of the Human Tongue Volumetric Enlargement". Study results. The largest number of partial removable prostheses was found to be registered in patients with secondary adentia of Kennedy class 1 and 2. When analyzing the incidence of macroglossia depending on Kennedy adentia class, it was established that it was the most often detected in the 1st class, and the least often – in the 4th class. Conclusions. Our observations showed that in all age groups, patients with complete adentia got used to dentures faster than those with partial absence of teeth. The duration of adaptation processes depends not only on the age and type of secondary adentia according to Kennedy classification, but also on the increase in the size of the tongue – macroglossia, which develops in the overwhelming number of patients as a result of prolonged absence of teeth and hyperfunction of the tongue.

Background: Congenital defects consist of structural or functional abnormalities present at birth, which partially or globally affect the systems. Among the defects are the conjoined twins, a rare congenital anomaly caused by fusion of two monozygotic embryos which can be classified according to the different sites of union. The Siamese twins and embryonic duplication are represented by a progressive series of malformations, since partial duplication of part of the body to the training almost full two bodies. Siamese twins occur in humans and in several animal species. Dicephalia refers to two totally separate heads. The aim of this study was to report a case of dicephalia in a bovine fetus.Case: A crossbred bovine fetus from a cow pregnant at. The animal was fixed by immersion in 10% formalin for sample collection. Muscles were dissected, with exposure of the bones of the right head, neck, forelimb, and hind limb. After dissection, the fetus was subjected to a preservation process by impregnation with glycerin. Next, internal organs were removed in bloc (from tongue to rectum) for evaluation of internal alterations. Additionally, radiographs of the spinal cord were performed to diagnose alterations by diagnostic imaging. Radiography revealed the presence of two skulls; two cervical spines, both with seven vertebrae; two thoracic spines, both with 13 vertebrae; and two lumbar spines, both with six vertebrae, however, fused at L4, i.e., connected in the final third part. Further information could not be obtained by the radiographs due to severe overlapping of structures, causing image subtraction. The findings are compatible with mineralized conjoined twin fetuses. After dissection, it was possible to see that each head exhibited normal development of tongue, trachea, and esophagus. In the thorax, there were two lungs with their typical lobes; however, there was atrophy of the lobes located medially. There was one pericardial sac surrounding two hearts. There was dextroposition of the aorta of the right heart, which would pass over the esophagus and trachea, and was connected to the aorta of the left heart in the cervical region. The ribs of the medial portion of the thorax were absent. The diaphragm had a central opening with protrusion of the diaphragmatic portion of the right lung lobe. The abdomen exhibited two rumens, one was blind-ended, and the other had normal prestomachs development, with connection to normal small and large intestines. There was a lung lobe close to the kidneys (pulmonary choristoma).Discussion: The bovine fetus reported here can be classified as dicephalic, since it exhibited two well defined heads and only one body. That is different from diprosopia, which refers to the development of two faces in one skull. Such anomalies are rare and isolated in bovines, with few studies and information about them. The factors that trigger embryonic duplication are still unclear; however, the cause can be attributed to genetic defects in the germ cells, environmental influences, and heredity. The most important known causes are prenatal viral infection, ingestion of teratogens by the mother, vitamin A and folic acid deficiency, genetic factors, and/or a combination of these factors. No reports of rumen duplication in dicephalic bovines have been observed. Although the occurrence of such malformations is rare, they are relevant and cause economic losses to the farmers.Keywords: siamese twins, malformations, radiography, ruminant.