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1
Kozák, Ondřej, and Josef Pihera. "Partial Discharge Analysis and Simulation Using the Consecutive Pulses Correlation Method." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 2567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092567.
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The behaviour of partial discharge as consequences of an alternating current (AC) is already well defined. AC partial discharges have completely different behaviour, background physics and parameters than partial discharges (PD) under direct current (DC) stress. This paper focuses on the most used and promising evaluation method of the PD DC stress—pulse sequence analysis (PSA). The first step is understanding and verifying the mechanisms and principles of this method. It is provided by well-known fundamentals of AC PD and by comparison with the other diagnostic and fault-locating methods such as phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) and pulse diagrams. The paper shows the PSA simulations and PD analyses performed at AC and partly at DC test conditions on typical PD test arrangements such as corona, surface and internal discharges. It is shown that the simulations performed, compared and validated with data obtained from measurements on different PD arrangements are a good match. This fact opens the way for the PD source recognition in DC, especially the time-resolved pulse sequence analysis described in detail in the paper.
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Steiner, J. P. "Partial discharge. IV. Commercial PD testing." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine 7, no. 1 (January 1991): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/57.64967.
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Florkowski, Marek. "Influence of Insulating Material Properties on Partial Discharges at DC Voltage." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 19, 2020): 4305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174305.
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Understanding a partial discharge mechanism at direct current (DC) is an actual research topic that requires both modeling, simulations and measurements. This paper describes an influence of insulating material properties on partial discharges at DC voltage. Modifications of the traditional model reflecting the conditions of partial discharges (PD) inception and post discharge processes at DC voltage have been proposed. The aim was to show the partial discharge mechanisms and draw attention to the role of parameters of insulation materials adjacent to the cavity at DC voltage. The investigations were performed on two kinds of dielectric material used in power cables. Various combinations of specimens were designed to reveal the effect of the material resistivity on the PD activity. Key observations referred to the impact of the void adjacent material resistance on the partial discharge inception voltage threshold at DC voltage. The modified PD model was applied to analyze both inception and post discharge recovery stage. The role of dielectric properties of material adjacent to the void was investigated, highlighting its impact during static inception stage and in charging stage. Despite many simplifications introduced in the model, measurement results have confirmed the role of the dielectric material surrounding the void on partial discharge dynamics. The average time interval between PD pulses revealed a systematic relationship with respect to the applied voltage and specimen resistivity. This value can be considered in the future research for diagnostic indicator at DC voltage.
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Polyakov, D. A., N. A. Tereshchenko, and K. I. Nikitin. "Research of partial discharge characteristics features in bushings." Omsk Scientific Bulletin, no. 180 (2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/1813-8225-2021-180-26-32.
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The paper is devoted to partial discharge measurement and analysis in switchgear bushings. PD bushing structure analysis is described to assess possible defect sources in bushings. An experimental 10 kV bushing sample with the natural defect is obtained from the bushings’ manufacturer. It is tested using the PD measurement technique. Test results showed significant PD intensity at voltages from 12 kV and higher. We have an assumption that a part of registered discharges occurred in the air close to the high voltage electrode sharp edges. To check this assumption we grind them off and repeated the test. The second test does not show considerable PD characteristics change. Therefore, we assume that the bushing sample has an inner defect because the bushing’s surface is not contaminated to generate surficial discharges. The bushing is researched by a destroying method for defect localization. However, inside the bushing, possible defect locations are not found. It might be connected with the fact that the defect could not be found visually at the test time or the defect is located in the gasket between the high voltage electrode and insulator’s body. Besides, there are determined features of phase-resolved partial discharge patterns in switchgear bushings.
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W. Ren, L., M. S. Abd Rahman, and A. Mohd Ariffin. "Classification of Partial Discharge Sources using Statistical Approach." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6, no. 3 (June 1, 2017): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i3.pp537-543.
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<p>In high-voltage (HV) power equipment, degradation of insulation has been main concern for protection of equipment. This is due to occurrence of partial discharges (PD) activity within HV insulating systems which can be initiated from different types of local internal or external defects. Thus, partial discharge (PD) identification and classification are important for diagnostic insulation systems problems in order to ensure maintenance process can be carried out effectively and hence improve reliability and durable operation of HV equipment. In this work, the relation of the observable statistical characteristics from PD data with the characteristic of the defect is an important factor to determine the defect inside insulation system. Ultimately, the statistical parameters obtained from PD data can be used to classify different PD sources occur inside HV insulation system. Thus, the objective of this paper is to produce a unique pattern according to discharge source using statistical method. Several statistical parameters such as mean, variance, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis have been used and analysed.</p>
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Liu, Bin, Jing De An, Wei Dong Zhang, and You Lin Xu. "A Design of Multi-Band UHF Sensor for Partial Discharge Detection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 394 (September 2013): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.394.435.
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The selection and design of the sensor is one of the key technologies for UHF PD detection. The UHF sensors popular used in PD detection and location in substation are partial discharge UHF sensor are usually ultra wideband antenna in the frequency range of 200 MHz to 1.5 GHz, which contains interference from communication signals. Accordingly, in order to improve the detection sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio, a kind of multi-band UHF narrowband sensor is proposed and designed in accordance with the principles of the loop antenna for PD detection. The proposed frequency resonant bands are set in the ranges of 480MHz-520MHz, 800MHz-850MHz and 1.1GHz-1.2GHz. The design based on simulation is finished and the performances of the prototype sensor are researched by parametric test and PD detection of three typical discharges: corona discharge, surface discharge and metallic particles discharge generated by PD mode. Results show that the selection of band for the UHF sensor is reasonable, and the sensor is with high sensitivity.
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Adam, Benjamin, and Stefan Tenbohlen. "Classification of Superimposed Partial Discharge Patterns." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 12, 2021): 2144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082144.
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Phase resolved partial discharge patterns (PRPD) are routinely used to assess the condition of power transformers. In the past, classification systems have been developed in order to automate the fault identification task. Most of those systems work with the assumption that only one source is active. In reality, however, multiple PD sources can be active at the same time. Hence, PRPD patterns can overlap and cannot be separated easily, e.g., by visual inspection. Multiple PD sources in a single PRPD represent a multi-label classification problem. We present a system based on long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks to resolve this task. The system is generally able to classify multiple overlapping PRPD by while only being trained by single class PD sources. The system achieves a single class accuracy of 99% and a mean multi-label accuracy of 43% for an imbalanced dataset. This method can be used with overlapping PRPD patterns to identify the main PD source and, depending on the data, also classify the second source. The method works with conventional electrical measuring devices. Within a detailed discussion of the presented approach, both its benefits but also its problems regarding different repetition rates of different PD sources are being evaluated.
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Khamlichi, Abderrahim, Fernando Garnacho, and Pascual Simón. "New Synthetic Partial Discharge Calibrator for Qualification of Partial Discharge Analyzers for Insulation Diagnosis of HVDC and HVAC Grids." Sensors 23, no. 13 (June 27, 2023): 5955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135955.
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A synthetic partial discharge (PD) calibrator has been developed to qualify PD analyzers used for insulation diagnosis of HVAC and HVDC grids including cable systems, AIS, GIS, GIL, power transformers, and HVDC converters. PD analyzers that use high-frequency current transformers (HFCT) can be qualified by means of the metrological and diagnosis tests arranged in this calibrator. This synthetic PD calibrator can reproduce PD pulse trains of the same sequence as actual representative defects (cavity, surface, floating potential, corona, SF6 protrusion, SF6 jumping particles, bubbles in oil, etc.) acquired in HV equipment in service or by means of measurements made in HV laboratory test cells. The diagnostic capabilities and PD measurement errors of the PD analyzers using HFCT sensors can be determined. A new time parameter, “PD Time”, associated with any arbitrary PD current pulse i(t) is introduced for calibration purposes. It is defined as the equivalent width of a rectangular PD pulse with the same charge value and amplitude as the actual PD current pulse. The synthetic PD calibrator consists of a pulse generator that operates on a current loop matched to 50 Ω impedance to avoid unwanted reflections. The injected current is measured by a reference measurement system built into the PD calibrator that uses two HFCT sensors to ensure that the current signal is the same at the input and output of the calibration cage where the HFCT of the PD analyzer is being calibrated. Signal reconstruction of the HFCT output signal to achieve the input signal is achieved by applying state variable theory using the transfer impedance of the HFCT sensor in the frequency domain.
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Komarov, I. V., D. A. Polyakov, and K. I. Nikitin. "Partial discharges characteristics study in XLPE cable insulation with multiple defects." Omsk Scientific Bulletin, no. 180 (2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/1813-8225-2021-180-33-40.
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The paper simulates the electric field intensity picture in the cable with one and several defects. Modeling has shown that the presence of several closely spaced defects does not lead to an increase in the electric field intensity in comparison with one defect. On the basis of experimental studies, an analysis of defects' number influence on various parameters of partial discharges (PD) is performed. Artificial defects are created in the area of the XLPE-insulated cable termination. The following parameters of PD are measured: the magnitude of the apparent charge, the power (intensity) of partial discharges, the phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) patterns, the shape of PD signals. The analysis shows an increase in the number of defects does not affect the characteristics of partial discharges, despite the fact the defects are located in different sections of the cable with distributed parameters. Thus, it can be difficult to quantify defects during cable partial discharge measurements.
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Kaziz, Sinda, Mohamed Hadj Said, Antonino Imburgia, Bilel Maamer, Denis Flandre, Pietro Romano, and Fares Tounsi. "Radiometric Partial Discharge Detection: A Review." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041978.
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One of the most common failures or breakdowns that can occur in high-voltage (HV) equipment is due to partial discharges (PDs). This occurs as a result of inadequate insulation, aging, harsh environmental effects, or manufacturing flaws. PD detection and recognition methods have gained growing attention and have seen great progress in the past decades. Radiometric methods are one of the most investigated detection approaches due to their immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and their capabilities to detect and locate PD activities in different applications such as transformers, cables, etc. Several review articles have been published to classify and categorize these works. Nonetheless, some concepts are missing, and some improvement techniques, such as PD detection at high-frequency (HF) and very high-frequency (VHF), have been overlooked. We present in this paper an exhaustive review study of state-of-the-art PD detection based on radiometric methods at different usable radiofrequency bands (i.e., HF, VHF, and UHF). Accordingly, we propose a new generic categorization approach based on the detected electromagnetic wave component (magnetic or electric fields) and pick-up location, either from free space or ground cable.
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Kim, Jiil, and Cheong Hee Park. "Partial Discharge Detection Based on Anomaly Pattern Detection." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 5444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205444.
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Recently, a lot of research has been carried out on partial discharge (PD) using machine learning techniques. However, most of these studies have focused on the identification of multiple PD sources, PD classification, or denoising PD measurements, with few studies on real-time PD occurrence detection. In this paper, we propose a method to detect PD occurrence based on anomaly pattern detection. The proposed method consists of three steps. First, in the data preprocessing step, the pulse sequence data are converted into a feature vector stream by applying a sliding window technique. In the next step, normal data modeling is performed using feature vectors transformed from pulse sequence data collected in a normal state where no PD occurs. Finally, for the monitored pulse sequence, an online process for PD detection is carried out through conversion to a feature vector data stream and an anomaly pattern detection method. Experimental results using simulated PD data demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method.
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Figueroa Godoy, Fernando, Jacinto Torres Jimenez, Rubén Jaramillo Vacio, Javier Yáñez Mendiola, and José Ángel Colin. "Analysis of Insulating Material of XLPE Cables considering Innovative Patterns of Partial Discharges." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2379418.
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This paper aims to analyze the quality of insulation in high voltage underground cables XLPE using a prototype which classifies the following usual types of patterns of partial discharge (PD): (1) internal PD, (2) superficial PD, (3) corona discharge in air, and (4) corona discharge in oil, in addition to considering two new PD patterns: (1) false contact and (2) floating ground. The tests and measurements to obtain the patterns and study cases of partial discharges were performed at the Testing Laboratory Equipment and Materials (LEPEM) of the Federal Electricity Commission of Mexico (CFE) using a measuring equipment LDIC and norm IEC60270. To classify the six patterns of partial discharges mentioned above a Probabilistic Neural Network Bayesian Modified (PNNBM) method having the feature of using a large amount of data will be used and it is not saturated. In addition, PNN converges, always finding a solution in a short period of time with low computational cost. The insulation of two high voltage cables with different characteristics was analyzed. The test results allow us to conclude which wire has better insulation.
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Chen, Xin Gang, Yang Yang Zhao, Chao Feng Zhang, and Xiao Xiao Tian. "Partial Discharge Pattern Recognition of Power Transformer by Using Information Fusion." Applied Mechanics and Materials 128-129 (October 2011): 933–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.128-129.933.
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As one of the most important equipments in the power system, partial discharge (PD) affects the transformer’s properties in a long-term period and the partial discharge pattern recognition has most important sense. In the paper,3 kinds of experimental models simulating discharges were designed and model experiments were performed. Based on this, a transformer partial discharge pattern recognition system based on information fusion technology is developed. the finally experiments show that: information fusion have enough ability to recognize different types of partial discharge.
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Dong, Yue, Yong Qian, Hai Feng Ye, and Xiu Chen Jiang. "FEM Simulation of PD Acoustic Signal Propagation in Transformers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 2278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.2278.
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In order to study propagation process of partial discharge ultrasonic signal in power transformer, the finite element method is used for simulation modeling and calculation. Ultrasonic waves can be activated by partial discharges (PD) in power transformers. The ultrasonic method is used for evaluating the insulation condition of power transformers by analyzing the partial discharge signals information which is detected by AE sensors. Compared with other diagnostic methods the AE method causes relatively low disturbance, and measuring apparatus is simple and easy to use. This technique is noninvasive and immune to electromagnetic noise. Simulate partial discharge sources of different positions respectively. Achieved results indicate that the space and time distributions of the acoustic pressure depend on the induction position. Furthermore, a greater pressure gradient is observed in domains with higher speed of sound while the signal amplitude decays when it moves away from the PD source.
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Arikan, Kemal, Emel Önal, and Serhat Şeker. "Time-Frequency Analysis of Partial Discharge Current Pulses in Different Gas Environment under Lightning Impulse." Measurement Science Review 20, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2020-0024.
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AbstractThis paper deals with a time-frequency analysis of the measured partial discharge (PD) currents in different insulation gases. These gas environments consist of a pure SF6 (sulphur-hexafluoride) and sulphur-hexafluoride and nitrogen (1 % SF6 + 99 % N2) mixture, under both positive and negative lightning impulse (LI) voltage stresses. In this study, the short time Fourier transform was used to extract the time-frequency information of PDs for different gases at different pressures, and these results were compared to each other. Thus, the relationship between the time, amplitude, and frequency of PD currents was studied. Moreover, some statistical formulas, such as mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, and skewness were applied to the time-dependent PD current data. As a result, a correlation between obtained statistical results and PD frequencies was examined. In most cases, the frequency of partial discharge decreased when the pressure increased. The amplitude of the partial discharges for negative polarity was more than that for positive polarity gas insulations. The partial discharge amplitudes of the pressure of 2 bar were mostly high compared to other pressures. This case demonstrated that SF6 had a maximum minimum character in terms of breakdown. The partial discharge frequency of a 1 % SF6 mixture was higher than that of pure SF6. It is thought that SF6 suppresses the discharge frequency, and statistical evaluations support the experimental results.
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Pevtsov, Valeria, Nathan D. Jacob, and Behzad Kordi. "Evaluation of Erosion Discharge Characteristics in Inclined Plane Tracking and Erosion Tests on Silicone Rubber under AC and DC Voltages." Energies 14, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 6051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196051.
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This paper investigates partial discharge (PD) characteristics that lead to the erosion of silicone rubber (SR) polymer under AC stress and DC stress of both polarities. The experiments are performed on high temperature vulcanized (HTV) SR material samples. The inclined plane test apparatus, constructed in accordance with IEC 60587 requirements, is employed to produce the surface partial discharges and the resulting accelerated aging of the specimens. Two commercial instruments are used to obtain the PD data. A concurrent analysis of visual observations of discharge and PD data is performed to classify discharges based on the severity of material degradation that each type causes. Three types of PD are identified and characterized using diagrams of charge magnitude versus time and a signal processing technique called time-frequency mapping. Individual pulse waveshapes of each type of discharge are also analyzed. PD pulse waveforms are analyzed according to their amplitude, energy, pulse width, and frequency spectrum. These pulse waveform parameters are evaluated and compared for the eroding discharge pulses under AC and DC voltage stresses. It is found that the stages of material degradation during IPT are related to the variations in discharge magnitude and the location of pulse clusters on the time-frequency maps.
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Sowndarya, S., and Sujatha Balaraman. "Diagnosis of Partial Discharge in Power Transformer using Convolutional Neural Network." March 2022 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jscp.2022.1.004.
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In an electric power system, power transformers are essential. Transformer failures can degrade the quality of the power and create power outages. Partial Discharges (PD) are a condition that, if not adequately monitored, can cause power transformer failures. This project addresses the diagnosis of PD in power transformer using the Phase Amplitude (PA) response of PRPD (Phase-Resolved Partial Discharge) patterns recorded using PD Detectors. It is a widely used pattern for analysing Partial Discharge. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used to classify the type of PD defects. The PRPD patterns of 240 PA sample images have been taken from power transformer of rating 132/11 KV and 132/25 KV for training and testing the network. The feature extraction has also been done using CNN. In this work, the classification of PD faults is done using a supervised machine learning technique. The three different classes of PD faults such as Floating PD, Surface PD and Void PD are considered and predicted using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. Simulation study is carried out using MATLAB. Based on the results obtained, it is found that CNN model has achieved a greater classification accuracy and thereby the life span of power transformer is enhanced.
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Koryashov, Ilia A., Vladimir V. Lopatin, Andrey A. Bukharkin, and Sergey M. Martemyanov. "Partial Discharges Characteristics in Oil Shale of Various Deposits." Advanced Materials Research 1040 (September 2014): 726–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1040.726.
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Attention to oil shale processing as unconventional energy source grows significantly. Electrical discharge phenomena application allows creating new efficient technology. Dynamics of PD basic characteristics of voltage in oil shale is described in this paper. Thermodestruction with abnormally high rate is occurred and caused by PD activity. Critical PD incept under low electrical intensity due to oil shale porosity, anisotropy and heterogeneity. PD induce treeing with following electrothermal breakdown. Organic content has influence on electrical discharges phenomena in oil shale. Therefore, the detailed study of PD, treeing and breakdown in oil shale allows developing an efficient method of inferior solid fossil fuels processing.
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Yang, Yan, Xiao Feng Chen, and Qing Liu. "Development of GIS PD Location System Based on LabVIEW." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 1469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.1469.
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On-line detecting partial discharge inside GIS and locating the source of partial discharge spatially can discover the premonition of GIS insulation defects. This article introduces a system for partial discharge on-line detection and source locating, which is based on the hardware consisting essentially of ultrasonic sensors, prepositive signal amplifiers, a TDS3034C oscilloscope and a laptop. The system is a virtual instrument based on LabVIEW platform, and it can sample the ultrasonic signals generated by partial discharge in real time, and provide a friendly human-computer interaction interface. This article deeply discussed the partial discharge signal acquisition, signal de-noising, multi-way signal delay calculation and algorithm based on the time lag. The result implies that the system can validly detect and locate partial discharge, and spatially demonstrate the coordinate of the source of partial discharge through human-computer interaction interface.
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Polyakov, D. A., N. A. Tereschenko, I. V. Komarov, K. I. Nikitin, and U. V. Polyakova. "Investigation characteristics of partial discharges in artificial defects of power transmission lines." Omsk Scientific Bulletin, no. 174 (2020): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/1813-8225-2020-174-63-68.
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The article describes the study of the characteristics of partial discharges (PD) in various types of artificial defects in cable lines. A total of 13 types of insulation defects are considered. The PD measurements are carried out using a high AC voltage source and a commercial PD recorder. For each type of defect, diagrams of the amplitude-phase distribution of PD (APDPD), the average value of the apparent discharge, and the PD intensity are obtained. The results of the study show that most of the defects of insulators of overhead power lines have a relatively high intensity of partial discharges with a small average apparent charge. In the samples of cable lines, relatively high values of intensity and average apparent discharge are recorded in the presence of a defect in the end seal and a defect in the ground electrode in the form of a needle. The results obtained can be used in the development of devices for detecting defects, as well as for expanding the base of diagrams (APDPD)
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Wang, Wenqiang, and Zhen Shi. "A Finite Element Model of Partial Discharge in Solid Medium." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2087, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2087/1/012066.
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Abstract The mechanism of partial discharge(PD) is the theoretical basis of the PD detection, insulation monitoring and risk assessment. The finite element analysis of partial discharge is an effective measure to study the characteristics of PD. In this work, a physical model of PD of a gas gap in solid dielectric using finite element analysis (FEA) method has been developed to determine the relationship between the inception electric field with different applied stresses, the cavity diameter and air pressure has been considered as the physical parameters that affect PD characteristics. The change of potential distribution before and after the discharge and the field strength during the discharge are analyzed.
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Chan, Jun Qiang, Wong Jee Keen Raymond, Hazlee Azil Illias, and Mohamadariff Othman. "Partial Discharge Localization Techniques: A Review of Recent Progress." Energies 16, no. 6 (March 20, 2023): 2863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062863.
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Monitoring the partial discharge (PD) activity of power equipment insulation is crucial to ensure uninterrupted power system operation. PD occurrence is highly correlated to weakened insulation strength. If PD occurrences are left unchecked, unexpected insulation breakdowns may occur. The comprehensive PD diagnostic process includes the detection, localization, and classification of PD. Accurate PD source localization is necessary to locate the weakened insulation segment. As a result, rapid and precise PD localization has become the primary focus of PD diagnosis for power equipment insulation. This paper presents a review of different approaches to PD localization, including conventional, machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) as a subset of ML approaches. The review focuses on the ML and DL approaches developed in the past five years, which have shown promising results over conventional approaches. Additionally, PD detection using conventional, unconventional, and a PCB antenna designed based on UHF techniques is presented and discussed. Important benchmarks, such as the sensors used, algorithms employed, algorithms compared, and performances, are summarized in detail. Finally, the suitability of different localization techniques for different power equipment applications is discussed based on their strengths and limitations.
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Wang, Disheng, Lin Du, and Chenguo Yao. "Statistical Study on Space Charge effects and Stage Characteristics of Needle-Plate Corona Discharge under DC Voltage." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 17, 2019): 2732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142732.
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The air’s partial discharges (PD) under DC voltage are obviously affected by space charges. Discharge pulse parameters have statistical regularity, which can be applied to analyze the space charge effects and discharge characteristics during the discharge process. Paper studies air corona discharge under DC voltage with needle-plate model. Statistical rules of repetition rate (n), amplitude (V) and interval time (∆t) are extracted, and corresponding space charge effects and electric field distributions in PD process are analyzed. The discharge stages of corona discharge under DC voltage are divided. Furthermore, reflected space charge effects, electric field distributions and discharge characteristics of each stages are summarized to better explain the stage discharge mechanism. This research verifies that microcosmic process of PD under DC voltage can be described based on statistical method. It contributes to the microcosmic illustration of gas PD with space charges.
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Zhang, Wei Dong, Qing Liu, Nan He, and Jian Wen Wang. "Typical PD Type of GIS, Transformer, Switchgear and other Substation Equipment." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 893–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.893.
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Most high-voltage faults are caused by the insulation degradation of electrical equipment, while partial discharge is the main reason of insulation breakdown of electrical equipment. This paper introduces partial discharge types of GIS, transformer, switchgear and other substation equipment based on the study of partial discharge types and summarizes five types of partial discharge of substation equipment, namely: spike discharge, free particle discharge, insulation defects discharge, surface discharge and suspended click discharge.
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Yang, Yan, Qian Wang, Gao Lin Wu, Kai Pang, Qian Bo Xiao, and Peng Lu Gao. "Research on Separation of PD Signals Originated from Different Sources in Substation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 492 (January 2014): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.492.412.
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The existing system of partial discharge location in substation utilizes Omni-directional UHF sensors array which can achieve single-source partial discharge source location. But for multi-source UHF partial discharge signals, the system is inaccurate and can’t distinguish types of partial discharge. This paper proposed to the method multi-source partial discharge signals acquisition and separation based on different characteristics of different types of UHF partial discharge signals in the time domain and frequency domain. Through continuously collected and stored UHF partial discharge pulse waveform, the sampling pulse sequence is analyzed in time-frequency domain to extract characteristic parameters. And then using fuzzy cluster, it can distinguish multi-source UHF partial discharge signals and discharge signals generated by the interference to achieve multi-source UHF partial discharge signals location. And it can lay the foundation of identification of the type of partial discharge. Field tests show that the method is feasible.
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Havunen, Jussi, and J. Hällström. "Precision Calibration System for Partial Discharge Calibrators." Proceedings of the Nordic Insulation Symposium, no. 26 (August 5, 2019): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/nordis.v0i26.3264.
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Partial discharge calibrators need to be periodically calibrated traceable to national standards. VTT MIKES, the National Metrology Institute (NMI) of Finland, has official expertise to calibrate the apparent charge of PD calibrators from 1 pC to 100 nC according to IEC 60270. Recently, VTT MIKES has developed techniques to measure charges as low as 0.01 pC with 3 % uncertainty (k = 2). VTT MIKES has participated to an intercomparison of four NMI’s in 2018 and the results indicate that VTT MIKES can both expand their official measurement capabilities and lower their uncertainties. This paper presents VTT MIKES’s precision calibration system for PD calibrators. Additionally, an overview of commercial PD calibrators’ performance is provided and compared to the requirements of IEC 60270. Data is based on the calibrations performed during the last 10 years.
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Yang, Jing Gang, Yong Yong Jia, Zhi Cheng Zhou, and Jun Hao Li. "The Measurement System of Partial Discharge under Impulse Voltage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 1046–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.1046.
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Partial discharge (PD) is the important detection parameter for power equipment, with the development of high voltage test technology, PD detection under impulse voltage is more attention. In order to detect the partial discharge signal under the impulse voltage, this paper designs a high-frequency current sensor and broadband measurement impedance. A set of partial discharge measurement system under impulse voltage is built up. The frequency characteristics of current sensor and measurement impedance are detected. In order to test the measurement system, the PD signals of a needle defect under impulse voltage is detected, the test results show that the PD measurement system can detect the PD signals effectively.
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Sinaga, Herman Halomoan. "Fractal Hilbert sensor to detect partial discharge on transformer." Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research 1, no. 2 (April 10, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jesr.v1i2.31.
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The design of fractal Hilbert sensor is presented in this paper. The sensor is intended to detect partial discharge (PD) in transformer insulation. The fractal Hilbert sensor designed using 4 order fractal and etching on single layer PCB board. The Hilbert fractal type is chosen as this type of sensor can be built on smaller area compare to other types. The sensor overall dimension is limited to 5x5 cm as it is proposed to be use to detect the PD presence in transformer. The sensor sensitivity is tested using a closed type TEM cell. After the sensitivity of the sensor is tested the sensor then applied to detect the PD signals emitted by void PD defect model. The results show the sensor has sensitivity as high as 10 dB. The sensor also has capability to detect the PD signals generated by the PD defect source. The waveforms captured by the sensor show the sensors can capture high frequency pulse generated by the PD source. Keywords: Partial Discharge (PD), Fractal Hilbert Sensor UHF, Sensor Sensitivity
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Junaidi, Andi. "Analisis RC Detector Sebagai Sensor Partial Discharge." KILAT 10, no. 1 (April 13, 2021): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/kilat.v10i2.986.
Full textAbstract:
Partial Discharge is a localized electric discharge that only partially connects insulation between conductors, and can appear parallel or not to the conductor. Partial discharge (PD) has long been recognized as an important indication of the state of isolation in high voltage equipment. By measuring PD, a diagnosis of the degree of degradation or deterioration in the isolation conditions of a high voltage device can be determined. Partial Discharge that occurs continuously can cause damage (breakdown) on a high voltage equipment. Therefore, before a high voltage device is used, Partial Discharge detection is necessary. Partial Discharge Detection can use the Partial Discharge measurement circuit. In this study, one part of the Partial Discharge measurement series will be discussed, namely the RC detector. Hopefully, RC detector can be further developed and can be used for more accurate partial discharge detection.
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Aakre, T. G., R. Skattenborg, and E. Ildstad. "Limitations Regarding Use of the ABC-Model for Interpretation of Partial Discharge Measurements." Proceedings of the Nordic Insulation Symposium, no. 26 (August 5, 2019): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/nordis.v0i26.3267.
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The main purpose of the work presented here is to facilitate use of partial discharge (PD) measurements as a diagnostic tool for condition assessment of hydropower generator bars. The main aim of the work is to clarify how measured inception and extinction voltage, detected number and magnitude of PDs relate to the void size and the physical discharge mechanisms in the voids. The laboratory tests were performed on 3 mm thick samples, consisting of three 1 mm thick layers containing a cylindrical disc shaped void in the center of the middle layer. The void diameters varied from 3 to 20 mm. Insulation discs of polycarbonate and generator insulation based on mica and glass fiber reinforced epoxy tape were examined. In case of the polycarbonate samples comparable tests were performed on objects with either conductive or insulting void surfaces. During application of a stepwise increasing/decreasing 50 Hz AC voltage, the partial discharge activity was detected using a conventional PRPDA detection system.The inception voltage was found to decrease with increasing void diameter, in accordance with results from electric field calculations showing increased field enhancement in the larger voids. In all cases the apparent discharge magnitude increased with increasing diameter. In case of conducting void surfaces this discharge magnitude and number of PDs per period were, in accordance with the theory, found to be proportional to the total surface area of the void. In case of voids with insulating surfaces, this proportionality was valid up to a void diameter of 10 mm. Larger voids resulted in higher number of PD each at lower apparent charge magnitude than expected, indicating several parallel discharges, during which a section of the void surface is discharged only. In contradiction to the assumptions of the abc-model nearly no difference was observed between the PD inception and extinction voltage, indicating a high and rapidly decaying remanent charge.Thus, the abc-model assumption of each PD causing a complete void discharging is only fulfilled if the surfaces are conducting, or the voids are small. The results indicate that changes of internal conditions of the void during the period of PD measurements
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Ardiansyah, Neris Peri, and Resa Pramudita. "KARAKTERISTIK SURFACE PARTIAL DISCHARGE DI SEKITAR ANTARMUKA PCB PADA PELAT-PELAT ELEKRODA PADA ISOLASI UDARA DAN MINYAK." Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Infomasi Terapan 6, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33197/jitter.vol6.iss2.2020.373.
Full textAbstract:
Penggunaan peralatan tegangan tinggi pada konverter elektronik daya atau modul daya memiliki pengaruh terhadap sistem isolasi peralatan yang digunakan. Efek yang dihasilkan adalah pelepasan sebagian atau partial discharge (PD), dimana hal tersebut depengaruhi oleh bentuk tegangan, yang mana fenomena PD ini adalah awal mula terjadinya kegagalan dalam suatu peralatan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan Pengukuran PD dengan mengacu pada Standar IEC 60270 yang menggunakan metode elektrik sebagai pengukuran yang digunakan untuk pengujian PD pada bahan PCB dengan alat ukur yang digunakan adalah RC detektor dan High Frequency Current Transformer (HFCT). Pengukuran PD dilakukan dengan membuat model elektroda yang digunakan pada pengujian untuk membuat sumber PD. Elektroda yang digunakan adalah model elektroda Homogen pelat-pelat. Pengujian pada PCB dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik surface discharge pada disekitar antarmuka pelat-pelat elektroda. Parameter yang digunakan dalam pengukuran yaitu Partial Discharge Inception Voltage (PDIV), Partial Discharge Extinction Voltage (PDEV), Bentuk Gelombang PD, dan Pola Phasa PD.
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Yang, Yuan, Jian Gang Bi, Hong Jie Wang, and Nan Meng. "Study of the Ultrasonic Characteristics of Typical Partial Discharge on GIS." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 2200–2207. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.2200.
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This Paper studied the typical PD in GIS by ultrasonic method. A GIS PD simulating and testing system is established, including a PD simulating system, an ultrasonic detecting system and a conventional pulse current method measurement system. The thesis focuses on four typical kinds of PD signals in GIS, including metal particles, bad contacts on high and grounding potential conductor, the protrusion on the high potential conductor. The statistics characteristics are obtained which include N-Φ spectrogram (relationship between discharge frequency and discharge phase Spectrogram) and Umax-Φ spectrogram (relationship between discharge amplitude and discharge phase Spectrogram). Experimental results show that low-frequency ultrasonic sensors can detect this four PD signals， signal spectra analysis shows that ultrasonic signals of different statistical model are with different characteristics. The results provide test data for the pattern recognition of Partial Discharge in GIS.
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Cho, Yong Sung, Tae Yoon Hong, Young Woo Youn, Jong Ho Sun, and Se-Hee Lee. "Study on the Correlation between Partial Discharge Energy and SF6 Decomposition Gas Generation." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 7, 2020): 4655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184655.
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In this paper, the amount of SF6 decomposition gases due to the partial discharge (PD) was studied in the SF6 gas-insulated transformer. The long-term PD degradation experiment was performed while controlling the discharge magnitude using the surface discharge, and the gas generation amount was measured by using gas chromatography for SO2F2, SOF2, SO2, CO, and CF4. In addition, to investigate the relationship between the partial discharge energy and the decomposed gas generation amount, partial discharge energy was calculated by a data processing program and converted to the unit of joule per mole. With the finite element method (FEM), the electric field distribution and SF6 gas decomposition mechanism were explained for the partial discharge energy effect on the gas generation. This study helps understand the relationship between the partial discharge energy and the decomposed gas generation ratio with the experimental results and can be used for the diagnosis of PD and maintenance process for the gas-insulated transformers.
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Li, Hui Qi, and Kai Hong Wang. "A New Method for Partial Discharge Signal Processing." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 1163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.1163.
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A partial discharge (PD) signal processing method based on dynamic measurement theory and wavelet transform is proposed in this paper. The deterministic component was separated by polynomial fitting, and the random component of the remaining residual after the separation was estimated using autoregressive (AR) model; The true value estimate and dynamic measurement uncertainty of noisy signal were obtained by the deterministic component and random component;Db8 wavelet and the soft threshold based on Stein’s Unbiased Estimate of Risk were used to smoothly denoise for better PD signal processing. Finally, the effectiveness of the method was verified by MATLAB simulation and experimental noisy PD signal extraction.
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Yang, Fan, Yuchen Zhang, Xingwang Wu, and Jie Wu. "Study on the Partial Surface Discharge Process of Oil-Paper Insulated Transformer Bushing with Defective Condenser Layer." Applied Sciences 13, no. 13 (June 28, 2023): 7621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13137621.
Full textAbstract:
Oil-impregnated paper condenser transformer bushings are an important part of transformer equipment, and partial discharge (PD) occurred when defects exist on the condenser aluminum foil layers. Firstly, to study the PD process of the oil-paper insulated capacitance graded bushing with the defect of broken aluminum foil, a defective oil-paper bushing discharge sample is constructed to study the PD parameters and capacitance, and to discharge carbonization traces at different voltage levels. Then, in order to verify the process of condenser aluminum foil layer discharge and the space charge variation in the oil-paper insulation system of a sample model, the surface flashovers of a needle-plane discharge model based on the bipolar charge transport model and the hydrodynamic model was built. The simulation, by Transport of Diluted Species physics of COMSOL Multiphysics software, points out the discharge process of aluminum foil electrode caused by space charge action and electric field distortion under an electric field at different voltages. The results of simulation and sample bushing experiments showed that the PD process of the defective condenser foil layer is mainly divided into three stages: tip corona discharge, streamer in oil, and surface flashovers. The voltage amplitude is larger the more electrical branches are discharged and the shorter the discharge time is. The findings of the article have important implications for the discharge of the foil layer inside the oil-paper bushing.
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Kartalovic, Nenad, Dragan Kovacevic, and Srdjan Milosavljevic. "An advanced model of partial discharge in electrical insulation." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 24, no. 1 (2011): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1101041k.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents an advanced concept for a computer model of partial discharge (PD) in insulation. The advanced model concept is based on a well-known model, using condensers for modeling of electrical network and the cavity where discharge occurs. The fundamental advancement is the modeling of initial conditions of each discharge event by introducing a controlled voltage source and modeling its control, the modeling of parameters of PD current pulse, and advanced modeling of all circuit elements. The paper presents basic analysis of PD processes and the analysis of basic shortcomings of the well-known model. The elements of the advanced model are established, and the way to implement it. It is shown that commercial software packages for electric circuits analysis are indeed suitable for PD modeling. Physical and electrical parameters of PD pulse are established, as well as the response of observed object's electric network to the ensuing excitation. The results of the model show the possibility of modeling of PD current pulse in a wide range of parameters.
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Chang, Wen Yeau. "Application of Back Propagation Neural Network for Partial Discharge Pattern Recognition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (July 2014): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.511.
Full textAbstract:
This paper proposes a pattern recognition approach based on the back propagation (BP) neural network for identifying insulation defects of high-voltage electrical apparatus arising from partial discharge (PD). Pattern recognition of PD is used for identifying defects causing the PD, such as internal discharge, external discharge, corona, etc. This information is vital for estimating the harmfulness of the discharge in the insulation. Since an insulation defect, such as one resulting from PD, would have a corresponding particular pattern, pattern recognition of PD is significant means to discriminate insulation conditions of high-voltage electrical apparatus. To verify the proposed approach, experiments were conducted to demonstrate the field-test PD pattern recognition of model insulators with artificial defects are purposely created to produce the common PD activities of insulators by using feature vectors of field-test PD patterns. The experimental data are found to be in close agreement with the recognized data. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is very effective for recognizing the defects of high-voltage electrical apparatus.
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Ramírez-Niño, Jose, Carlos G. Azcarraga, Alberth Pascacio, Rito Mijarez, and Joaquin Rodríguez-Rodríguez. "A simple approach of partial discharge source location in high voltage cables." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 40, no. 12 (September 28, 2017): 3507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331217723701.
Full textAbstract:
This article presents a new approach of partial discharges (PD) source location in power cables. The main advantage of this approach is the detection of the propagation direction of the PD. The method provides a pattern named by the authors PD+D, which, in contrast to the well–known phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) pattern, graphically shows the direction of PD propagation and uses the polarity of a sensor array on top of the magnitudes of the positive and negative parts of each PD pulse to detect the direction of propagation, is described in detail. The proposed technique is useful for the evaluation and diagnosis of power cables, since it can identify incipient faults. The attained results that demonstrate the value of this methodology and their scope and limitations are discussed.
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Qi, Wei Qiang, Yan Ran Li, Xiao Xin Chen, and Da Peng Duan. "Study of PD Ultrasonic Wave's Properties in Solid Medium." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 2161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.2161.
Full textAbstract:
Longitudinal ultrasonic wave signals, transverse ultrasonic wave signals and other ultrasonic body wave signals generated by partial discharge are analyzed emphatically in the acoustic emission method of partial discharge detection in high voltage equipment [1-. Velocity of longitudinal ultrasonic wave is often used to calculate partial discharge defects position in the location study of partial discharge. In practical applications errors are always large. And a recent study finds that a class of plate ultrasonic guided waves will be inspired when ultrasonic body waves are transmitted from the gaseous medium to the metal medium [9-1. As the attenuation coefficient is small and the transmission distance is large when the waves propagate along the metal plate, in the partial discharge detection, ultrasonic signals detected by the ultrasonic sensor attached to the equipment enclosure include ultrasonic guided waves besides the ultrasonic body waves.
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Adriana Azhar, Nayli, Norazizah Mohd Aripin, Goh Chin Hock, Nayla Ferdous, and Saidatul Hamidah. "A t-shaped partial ground microstrip patch antenna based UHF sensor for partial discharge detection." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp704-711.
Full textAbstract:
Continuous partial discharge (PD) monitoring and early PD detection is important in making sure the necessary preventative measures can be taken accordingly. This paper proposed a T-shaped partial ground microstrip patch antenna that is able to detect PD signal within the UHF range. The antenna was designed and simulated using CST Microwave Studio. The antenna was then fabricated using FR4 substrate material and tested for reception test. The simulation results and the analysis from the fabricated antenna confirmed that the proposed antenna able to detect PD signal at UHF range (specifically at about 500 MHz) and fulfilled the design requirements in terms of the return loss, VSWR, bandwidth and gain. Reception test had confirmed that the proposed antenna was able to detect PD signals that are located at maximum distance, ranges from 37 cm to 70 cm (depending on the PD signal strength). The proposed antenna also had succesfully detected PD occurances at 300 MHz to 700 MHz. In conclusion, the proposed T-shaped partial ground microstrip patch antenna had been successfully designed and able to detect PD signal emitted in the UHF range.
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Shaker, Yomna Omran. "Detection of partial discharge acoustic emission in power transformer." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 4573. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp4573-4579.
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<span>Partial discharge is one the most important factor that leads to deteroration and failure of the power transformer transformer. Acoustic emission detection is effective method to evaluate the health index of the power transformer. Using acoustic emission (AE) sensors for partial discharge (PD) measurement is considered as one of the most promising techniques to detect and localize PD activities inside the transformer tank. On the other hand, AE waves suffer from high attenuation and reflections while traveling from the PD source to the AE sensor. The modeling of the AE wave can help to understand the behavior of the AE PD signal during its travel. In this paper, the AE PD signal is assumed to be composed of different frequencies. This work aims to investigate the influence of the frequency value on the attenuation and arrival time of the acoustic wave.</span>
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Pang, Dan, Xi Lin Zhang, Zhen Hao Wang, Dan Zhang, and Xiao Juan Han. "Functions and Theoretical Basis of Partial Discharge On-Line Monitoring System for High-Voltage Cables." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 854–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.854.
Full textAbstract:
A partial discharge (PD) on-line monitoring and positioning system for high-voltage cables based on double-ended testing technology is developed. The hardware of this system includes a high-frequency current sensor, site PD signal acquisition and PD monitoring server. In order to achieve real-time monitoring and remote diagnostics of the XLPE cable partial discharge status, the designed software system is divided into front-end control system and remote diagnostic system. And finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the system is verified by XLPE cable partial discharge testing.
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Yu, Pei Xiang, Long Zhang, Rui Peng Li, Yu Qi Yang, and Hong Jie Li. "Study on Characteristics of Partial Discharge in XLPE Cable under Damped AC Voltage at Different Frequencies." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 750–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.750.
Full textAbstract:
Damped AC (DAC) voltage method is widely used in partial discharge (PD) detection of power cable. The frequency of DAC voltage is changed due to different length of testing cable. To study the PD characteristics in the heat-shrinkable cable accessories under DAC voltage at different frequencies, four different cases of artificial defects in cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables were investigated. These defects include termination without stress tube, incorrect use of insulation tape as the semi-conductive adhesive tape in the middle joint, void and metal particles on the surface of XLPE insulation. Furthermore, some characteristic PD parameters including the partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV), the partial discharge extinction voltage (PDEV), discharge magnitude, discharge times and so on were compared and analyzed. The results show that PD characteristics are different as the DAC frequency changes, which provides guidance for the practical application.
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Wang, Yulu, Hsiao-dong Chiang, and Na Dong. "Power-Line Partial Discharge Recognition with Hilbert–Huang Transform Features." Energies 15, no. 18 (September 7, 2022): 6521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186521.
Full textAbstract:
Partial discharge (PD) has caused considerable challenges to the safety and stability of high voltage equipment. Therefore, highly accurate and effective PD detection has become the focus of research. Hilbert–Huang Transform (HHT) features have been proven to have great potential in the PD analysis of transformer, gas insulated switchgear and power cable. However, due to the insufficient research available on the PD features of power lines, its application in the PD recognition of power lines has not yet been systematically studied. In the present study, an enhanced light gradient boosting machine methodology for PD recognition is proposed; the HHT features are extracted from the signal and added to the feature pool to improve the performance of the classifier. A public power-line PD recognition contest dataset is introduced to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed feature. Numerical studies along with comparison results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve promising performances. This method which includes the HHT features contributes to the detection of PD in power lines.
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Radzi, I. F., N. H. Nik, N. Rameli, A. Mohd Ariffin, M. S. Abd Rahman, M. R. Rahman, M. R. Ahmad, and A. S. Salleh. "Partial discharge detection device using ultrasonic sensor on medium voltage XLPE cable." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i2.pp886-894.
Full textAbstract:
<span>There are many methods that have been studied by earlier researchers in order to detect the acoustic properties of Partial Discharge (PD) emitted by PD sources. One of the methods known as ultrasonic sensing on medium voltage Cross-Linked Polyethylene (XLPE) cable was adopted to detect partial discharges on commercial applications, usually by using Acoustic Emission (AE) sensors. This paper presents the processes of designing a PD sensor to detect the acoustic properties of the partial discharges on medium voltage XLPE cable. This PD sensor method works by detecting the partial discharges occurred at the joint of the cable which can act as an early warning device to help minimize the repair and maintenance costs of degrading cable. Result of the experiment shows the complete design of the prototype device, the device after fabrication and the functionality of the device. This design of the prototype can be beneficial for future uses in designing cost efficient and smaller sized PD detection devices. By positioning the sensor in horizontal position directly to the source of PD on the cable, the sensor will be able to detect acoustic properties of PD, by picking up the frequencies beyond 40 kHz. By varying the voltage applied values, a design of experiment (DOE) is carried out accordingly. Result of the experiment shows that the prototype device is functioning as expected, and hence this finding will be very useful to the consumers of power industries as the sensor device can serve as an alternative device to the commercialized PD sensing devices which are bulky and expensive.</span>
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Huang, Song Bo, Jun Bo Wang, Yong Peng Xu, Ye Yan, and Xiao Xin Chen. "Research of Partial Discharge Classification Method Based on the Phase Distribution of XLPE Cables." Applied Mechanics and Materials 737 (March 2015): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.256.
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In order to analysis the type of XLPE cable partial discharge, and grasp characteristics of partial discharge caused by different defects. In this paper, we use a 10kV 30-meter-long XLPE cable and design different types of defects. Then we collect the PD data of different defect model by PD data acquisition system. To characterize Partial discharge signals generated by different defect model by use of discharge capacity qs, discharge times n, the average discharge amount qn and phase distribution function include the maximum discharge amount distribution HQmax (φ), the average discharge amount distribution HQmean (φ), the discharge times phase distribution HN(φ) as well as φ-Q-N distribution map and so on. The results show that the partial discharge signals produced by different defect model have different statistical characteristics.
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Chang, Wen Yeau. "Partial Discharge Pattern Recognition for Cast Resin Current Transformer Using Fuzzy Neural Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (July 2014): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.515.
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This paper proposes a pattern recognition approach based on the fuzzy neural network for identifying insulation defects of cast resin current transformer (CRCT) arising from partial discharge (PD). Pattern recognition of PD is used for identifying defects causing the PD, such as internal discharge, external discharge, corona, etc. This information is vital for estimating the harmfulness of the discharge in the insulation. The PD patterns are collected by a PD detecting system in the laboratory. Several statistical methods are used on the phase related distributions in this paper to extract the features for recognition. A set of features, used as operators, for each PD pattern is extracted through statistical methods. To verify the proposed approach, experiments were conducted to demonstrate the field-test PD pattern recognition of CRCT models with artificial defects are purposely created to produce the common PD activities of insulators by using feature vectors of field-test PD patterns. The experimental data are found to be in close agreement with the recognized data. The test results show that the proposed approach may achieve quite satisfactory recognition of PD patterns.
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Cruz, Josiel, Alexandre Serres, Adriano de Oliveira, George Xavier, Camila de Albuquerque, Edson da Costa, and Raimundo Freire. "Bio-inspired Printed Monopole Antenna Applied to Partial Discharge Detection." Sensors 19, no. 3 (February 1, 2019): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030628.
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A new, bio-inspired printed monopole antenna (PMA) model is applied to monitor partial discharge (PD) activity in high voltage insulating systems. An optimized sensor was obtained by designing a PMA in accordance with the characteristics of the electromagnetic signal produced by PD. An ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna was obtained by applying the truncated ground plane technique. The patch geometry was bio-inspired by that of the Inga Marginata leaf, resulting in a significant reduction in size. To verify the operating frequency and gain of the PMA, measurements were carried out in an anechoic chamber. The results show that the antenna operating bandwidth covers most of the frequency range of PD occurrence. Moreover, the antenna presented a good sensitivity (mean gain of 3.63 dBi). The antenna performance was evaluated through comparative results with the standard IEC 60270 method. For this purpose, simultaneous tests were carried out in a PD generator arrangement, composed by an oil cell with point-to-plane electrode configurations. The developed PMA can be classified as an optimized sensor for PD detection and suitable for substation application, since it is able to measure PD radiated signals with half the voltage levels obtained from the IEC method and is immune to corona discharges.
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Zhang, Xiaohua, Bo Pang, Yaxin Liu, Shaoyu Liu, Peng Xu, Yan Li, Yifan Liu, Leijie Qi, and Qing Xie. "Review on Detection and Analysis of Partial Discharge along Power Cables." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 17, 2021): 7692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227692.
Full textAbstract:
Partial discharge (PD) detection and analysis plays a crucial role for acceptance testing and condition monitoring of power cables. Various aspects are related to PD in power cables from theory to practice. This paper first summarizes the PD mechanism and models used for PD analysis in power cables. Afterwards, PD detection is addressed in the aspects of off-line test, on-line test, and sensors. PD analysis is discussed in detail. Specifically, related quantities and algorithms for PD analysis are outlined. PD characteristics with affecting factors, e.g., dielectric type, load, and applied voltage are discussed. Experience on PD development trend with measurements in field is analyzed. Based on the comprehensive review, challenges of PD detection and analysis along a power cable are proposed.
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Song, Jiajia, Jinbo Zhang, and Xinnan Fan. "Device for online monitoring of insulation faults in high-voltage switchgears." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 17, no. 2 (February 2021): 155014772199928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147721999284.
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Partial discharges are the major cause of deterioration in the insulation characteristics of switchgears. Therefore, timely detection of partial discharge in switchgear and potential insulation faults is an urgent problem that needs to be addressed in the power supervision industry. In this study, a device was proposed for online monitoring of high-voltage switchgears based on pulse current method and ozone (O3) detection. The pulse current method obtains the PD signal by monitoring the phase holes on the switch indicator. Occurrence of a partial discharge in a certain phase leads to the production of a discharge pulse, which can be coupled out by a capacitive sensor. The current spectrum and the O3 produced by partial discharge were processed via fast Fourier transform for accurate diagnosis of the occurrence of partial discharge and its severity in switchgears. The proposed method allows for convenient acquisition of the partial discharge signal, simple installation of the device, and realization with inexpensive sensors.