Journal articles: 'Partial equilibrium analysis'

1

Blackorby, Charles. "Partial-Equilibrium Welfare Analysis." Journal of Public Economic Theory 1, no. 3 (1999): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1097-3923.00016.

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Wang, Yougui, and H. E. Stanley. "Statistical approach to partial equilibrium analysis." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 388, no. 7 (2009): 1173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2008.12.007.

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Steedman, Ian. "Sraffian interdependence and partial equilibrium analysis." Cambridge Journal of Economics 12, no. 1 (1988): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.cje.a035052.

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Jennings, Sarah, Sophie Hibberd, Kevin Lyall, and Beverly Goldfarb. "Partial Equilibrium Analysis of a Customs Union." Journal of Economic Education 38, no. 2 (2007): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/jece.38.2.253.

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Bukin, Eduard. "Partial-equilibrium analysis of the Ukrainian sugar policy." Ekonomika APK, no. 4 (April 26, 2019): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.201904097.

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Hommes, Cars, and Arno van Eekelen. "Partial equilibrium analysis in a noisy chaotic market." Economics Letters 53, no. 3 (1996): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1765(96)00930-5.

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DUHAMEL, MARC. "The Optimality of Arbitrary Partial Equilibrium Welfare Analysis." Journal of Public Economic Theory 8, no. 2 (2006): 321–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9779.2006.00266.x.

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Miyake, Mitsunobu. "On the applicability of Marshallian partial-equilibrium analysis." Mathematical Social Sciences 52, no. 2 (2006): 176–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2006.05.003.

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Hayashi, Takashi. "Smallness of a commodity and partial equilibrium analysis." Journal of Economic Theory 148, no. 1 (2013): 279–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2012.12.017.

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Farrow, Scott, and Adam Rose. "Welfare Analysis: Bridging the Partial and General Equilibrium Divide for Policy Analysis." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 9, no. 1 (2018): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bca.2017.29.

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Advances in theoretical and computable general equilibrium modeling brought their conceptual foundations more in line with standard microeconomic constructs. This reduced the theoretical gap between welfare measurements using a partial or a general equilibrium approach. However, the separation of the partial and general equilibrium literatures lingers in many applications that this manuscript seeks to bridge. The now shared conceptual foundations, the importance of functional specification, the role of common price movements and closure rules are discussed. The continuing stricture in U.S. Government guidelines against including secondary effects in welfare measures is questioned.

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Liu, Guoshan, Jane Ye, and Jiaping Zhu. "Partial Exact Penalty for Mathematical Programs with Equilibrium Constraints." Set-Valued Analysis 16, no. 5-6 (2008): 785–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11228-008-0095-7.

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Bidah, Sara, Omar Zakary, and Mostafa Rachik. "Stability and Global Sensitivity Analysis for an Agree-Disagree Model: Partial Rank Correlation Coefficient and Latin Hypercube Sampling Methods." International Journal of Differential Equations 2020 (April 1, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5051248.

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In this paper, we present a new mathematical model that describes agree-disagree opinions during polls. We first present the model and its different compartments. Then, we use the next-generation matrix method to compute thresholds of equilibrium stability. We perform the stability analysis of equilibria to determine under which conditions these equilibrium points are stable or unstable. We show that the existence and stability of these equilibria are controlled by the calculated thresholds. Finally, we also perform several computational and statistical experiments to validate the theoretical results obtained in this work. To study the influence of various parameters on these thresholds and to identify the most influential parameters, a global sensitivity analysis is carried out based on the partial rank correlation coefficient method and the Latin hypercube sampling.

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Verhoef, E. T. "Efficiency and Equity in Externalities: A Partial Equilibrium Analysis." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 26, no. 3 (1994): 361–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a260361.

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Externalities comprise efficiency aspects and equity aspects. The potential Pareto improvement criterion usually applied in analysis of the economics of externalities is solely concerned with efficiency aspects because it bypasses the question of interpersonal utility comparison. However, in the practice of policymaking, equity issues are often at least as important. This paper contains a partial equilibrium analysis of the question of to what extent optimization and compensation of an external cost are compatible under different schemes of regulation and internalization, and in different model settings: the standard textbook model, a model in which defensive activities on behalf of the victim are allowed for, and a model in which dynamic aspects of entry—exit behaviour are investigated.

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Meng, Xin-You, and Jiao-Guo Wang. "Analysis of a delayed diffusive model with Beddington–DeAngelis functional response." International Journal of Biomathematics 12, no. 04 (2019): 1950047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524519500475.

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In this paper, a delayed diffusive phytoplankton-zooplankton model with Beddington–DeAngelis functional response and toxins is investigated. Existence of equilibria of the system are solved. The global asymptotic stability of the zooplankton-free equilibrium is obtained. The local stability of the coexistent equilibrium and existence of Hopf bifurcation are discussed. In addition, the properties of the Hopf bifurcation are studied based on the center manifold and normal form theory for partial differential equations. Finally, some numerical simulations are also carried out to confirm our theoretical analysis.

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Schmitz, Andrew, D. J. Haynes, Troy G. Schmitz, and Evan D. Schmitz. "The U.S. Tobacco Buyout: A Partial and General Equilibrium Analysis." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 45, no. 3 (2013): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800004946.

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This article analyzes the impact of removing the U.S. tobacco program in both a partial and general welfare economics framework. In a partial-equilibrium framework, a consumer tax-funded quota buyout can result in producer gains, consumer losses, net losses resulting from higher prices, and deadweight losses. In a general-equilibrium framework, society can gain from the buyout resulting from considerable potential savings from reduced healthcare costs attributable to a reduction in smoking. Additionally, we present a model that addresses the addictive qualities of tobacco while considering the effects of the quota buyout. We also conclude that another possible effect of the buyout is an increase in worker productivity because employees who are able to quit smoking reduce the amount of smoking-related sick days taken.

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Alam, M. S. "A Partial Equilibrium Analysis of Trade with Decreasing Transport Costs." International Economic Journal 5, no. 4 (1991): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168739100000027.

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Suslov, O. N., and E. I. Fateeva. "Analysis of multicomponent gas mixture flows with partial chemical equilibrium." Fluid Dynamics 31, no. 1 (1996): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02230753.

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Kung, Chih-Chun, and Tao Wu. "A spatial equilibrium analysis of using agricultural resources to produce biofuel." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 2 (2020): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/201/2019-agricecon.

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In order to alleviate the potential damage from climate change and fulfil the requirements contracted in the Paris Agreement (COP 24), China has promulgated the mandatory regulation on ethanol-blend gasoline to reduce current levels of CO2 emissions. Since large-scale bioenergy development involves various aspects such as feedstock selection (energy crops, crop wastes), technology alternatives (conventional and cellulosic ethanol, pyrolysis), government subsidy (land use, energy crop subsidy) and carbon trade mechanism, an analysis that integrates economic, environmental, and social effects is necessary to explore the optimal biofuel strategy and social effects. This study proposes a price endogenous, partial equilibrium mathematical programming model to investigate how the selection of bioenergy crops and bioenergy technologies influences the amount of net bioenergy production, carbon sequestration, government subsidies, and cultivation patterns. We show that the conjunctive use of agricultural wastes can be an effective addition to current biofuel production. The results also indicate that at high gasoline and emissions prices, more land used for the energy crop program results in a significant change in government expenditure. In addition, net emissions reduction and emissions offset efficiency can vary substantially when different bioenergy techniques are adopted.

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Li, Xingchang. "Existence of Generalized Nash Equilibrium in n-Person Noncooperative Games under Incomplete Preference." Journal of Function Spaces 2018 (October 9, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3737253.

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To prove the existence of Nash equilibrium by traditional ways, a common condition that the preference of players must be complete has to be considered. This paper presents a new method to improve it. Based on the incomplete preference corresponding to equivalence class set being a partial order set, we translate the incomplete preference problems into the partial order problems. Using the famous Zorn lemma, we get the existence theorems of fixed point for noncontinuous operators in incomplete preference sets. These new fixed point theorems provide a new way to break through the limitation. Finally, the existence of generalized Nash equilibrium is strictly proved in the n-person noncooperative games under incomplete preference.

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Nouni, Ayoub, Khalid Hattaf, and Noura Yousfi. "Dynamics of a Virological Model for Cancer Therapy with Innate Immune Response." Complexity 2020 (September 27, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8694821.

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The aim of this work is to present a virological model for cancer therapy that includes the innate immune response and saturation effect. The presented model combines both the evolution of a logistic growing tumor and time delay which stands for the period of the viral lytic cycle. We use the delay differential equation in order to model this time which also means the time needed for the infected tumor cells to produce new virions after viral entry. We show that the delayed model has four equilibria which are the desired outcome therapy equilibrium, the complete failure therapy equilibrium, the partial success therapy free-immune equilibrium when the innate immune response has not been established, and the partial success therapy equilibrium with immune response. Furthermore, the stability analysis of equilibria and the Hopf bifurcation are properly exhibited.

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Cai, Li-Ming, Abid Ali Lashari, Il Hyo Jung, Kazeem Oare Okosun, and Young Il Seo. "Mathematical Analysis of a Malaria Model with Partial Immunity to Reinfection." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2013 (2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/405258.

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A deterministic model with variable human population for the transmission dynamics of malaria disease, which allows transmission by the recovered humans, is first developed and rigorously analyzed. The model reveals the presence of the phenomenon of backward bifurcation, where a stable disease-free equilibrium coexists with one or more stable endemic equilibria when the associated reproduction number is less than unity. This phenomenon may arise due to the reinfection of host individuals who recovered from the disease. The model in an asymptotical constant population is also investigated. This results in a model with mass action incidence. A complete global analysis of the model with mass action incidence is given, which reveals that the global dynamics of malaria disease with reinfection is completely determined by the associated reproduction number. Moreover, it is shown that the phenomenon of backward bifurcation can be removed by replacing the standard incidence function with a mass action incidence. Graphical representations are provided to study the effect of reinfection rate and to qualitatively support the analytical results on the transmission dynamics of malaria.

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22

Beck, John H. "Distributive Justice and the Rules of the Corporation: Partial Versus General Equilibrium Analysis." Business Ethics Quarterly 15, no. 3 (2005): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq200515328.

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Abstract:Progressives have advocated reforms of rules governing corporations to achieve greater distributive justice, but Maitland (2001) has argued that corporate rules are distributively neutral and that changing the rules will have no long run impact on distributive justice. These different conclusions stem from the use of two different methods of economic analysis, partial equilibrium and general equilibrium models. A change in the rules governing corporations in a “large” sector of the economy is appropriately analyzed using a general equilibrium analysis, supporting the conclusion that changes in the rules may affect distributive justice in the long run. However, a partial equilibrium analysis of a change in the rules of corporations affecting a “small” part of the economy such as a single firm or even all firms in a small state supports the claim that such changes cannot affect distributive justice.

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Chao, Xiuli, and Yuxi Zheng. "TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF IMMIGRATION BIRTH–DEATH PROCESSES WITH TOTAL CATASTROPHES." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 17, no. 1 (2003): 83–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964803171057.

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Very few stochastic systems are known to have closed-form transient solutions. In this article we consider an immigration birth and death population process with total catastrophes and study its transient as well as equilibrium behavior. We obtain closed-form solutions for the equilibrium distribution as well as the closed-form transient probability distribution at any time t ≥ 0. Our approach involves solving ordinary and partial differential equations, and the method of characteristics is used in solving partial differential equations.

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Friberg, Stig E., Ildiko Kovach, and Joachim Koetz. "Equilibrium Topology and Partial Inversion of Janus Drops: A Numerical Analysis." ChemPhysChem 14, no. 16 (2013): 3772–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201300635.

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Goussis, Dimitris A. "Model reduction: When singular perturbation analysis simplifies to partial equilibrium approximation." Combustion and Flame 162, no. 4 (2015): 1009–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.09.022.

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Bai, Mei, and Lishun Ren. "An SEIV Epidemic Model for Childhood Diseases with Partial Permanent Immunity." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/420952.

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An SEIV epidemic model for childhood disease with partial permanent immunity is studied. The basic reproduction numberR0has been worked out. The local and global asymptotical stability analysis of the equilibria are performed, respectively. Furthermore, if we take the treated rateτas the bifurcation parameter, periodic orbits will bifurcate from endemic equilibrium whenτpasses through a critical value. Finally, some numerical simulations are given to support our analytic results.

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Ennis, Huberto M. "ON RANDOM MATCHING, MONETARY EQUILIBRIA, AND SUNSPOTS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 5, no. 1 (2001): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100501018065.

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We study comparative statics results for the steady-state monetary equilibria of a simple random matching model of money with endogenous prices and no extrinsic uncertainty. Some of the results appear counterintuitive (both when take-it-or-leave-it offer or when Nash–Rubinstein bargaining is used in the model). Consistency of the equilibrium expectations causes the partial equilibrium intuitions to be reversed. We then proceed to apply the new insights to the analysis of sunspot equilibria in these type of models of bilateral trade with money.

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Šobrová, Lenka, M. Malý, and Z. Malá. "Partial equilibrium model – Case study of the poultry market." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 7 (2011): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159070431.

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This paper deals with identifying the main determinants in the poultry agri-food chain in the Czech Republic and examines their relationships. The partial equilibrium model, defined as a seven-equation model in power form, is employed for this purpose. The analysis is based on both time-series and panel data of the main factors in the poultry market. The time-series as well as panel data contain annual data of selected variables for the period from 1995 to 2009. The analysis is focused on supply and demand of poultry meat, specifically on production, consumption and foreign trade in poultry meat in the Czech Republic. Firstly, the main factors influencing the poultry market are determined, then, an appropriate model is employed. The parameters of the model are estimated using the ordinary least squares method in statistical and econometric software. Estimated parameters confirm assumed relationships among the selected variables. Moreover, the long-term tendencies of the selected indicators are proven. Among other, the analysis proves an inertial consumption, the price level as the main factor influencing the consumption and one-way or mutual relationship among the selected variables. The statistical features of the model are satisfied as well – the estimated parameters are statistically significant, the model does not contain, neither the problem of autocorrelation of residuals nor the problem of heteroskedasticity.

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Lashitew, Addisu A. "Competition between food and biofuel production in Ethiopia: a partial equilibrium analysis." Biofuels 2, no. 6 (2011): 611–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bfs.11.139.

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Xiang, Hongjin, and Yanxiang Kuang. "Who benefits from China’s coal subsidy policies? A computable partial equilibrium analysis." Resource and Energy Economics 59 (February 2020): 101124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2019.101124.

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Hess, Sebastian, and Stephan Von Cramon-Taubadel. "Meta-analysis of general and partial equilibrium simulations of Doha Round outcomes." Agricultural Economics 37 (December 19, 2007): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2007.00252.x.

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Bouët, Antoine, Carmen Estrades, and David Laborde. "Differential Export Taxes along the Oilseeds Value Chain: A Partial Equilibrium Analysis." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 96, no. 3 (2014): 924–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aau011.

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Nechyba, Thomas J. "Public School Finance and Urban School Policy: General versus Partial Equilibrium Analysis." Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs 2003, no. 1 (2003): 139–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/urb.2003.0013.

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Ikpe, Marius, and Alwell Nteegah. "Value Added Tax and price stability in Nigeria: A partial equilibrium analysis." European Journal of Government and Economics 2, no. 2 (2013): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2013.2.2.4292.

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The economic impact of Value Added Tax (VAT) that was implemented in Nigeria in 1994 has generated much debate in recent times, especially with respect to its effect on the level of aggregate prices. This study empirically examines the influence of VAT on price stability in Nigeria using partial equilibrium analysis. We introduced the VAT variable in the framework of a combination of structuralist, monetarist and fiscalist approaches to inflation modelling. The analysis was carried out by applying multiple regression analysis in static form to data for the 1994-2010 period. The results reveal that VAT exerts a strong upward pressure on price levels, most likely due to the burden of VAT on intermediate outputs. The study rules out the option of VAT exemptions for intermediate outputs as a solution, due to the difficulty in distinguishing between intermediate and final outputs. Instead, it recommends a detailed post-VAT cost-benefit analysis to assess the social desirability of VAT policy in Nigeria.

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Santerre, Rexford E. "The welfare loss from hospital cost-shifting behavior: a partial equilibrium analysis." Health Economics 14, no. 6 (2005): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hec.961.

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Mittenzwei, Klaus, Leif Jarle Asheim, Marcel Adenäuer, and Sjur Spildo Prestegard. "Medium-term EU integration impacts on Norwegian agriculture: A partial equilibrium analysis." Food Economics - Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section C 3, no. 1 (2006): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16507540600682453.

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Langer, Lissy, Daniel Huppmann, and Franziska Holz. "Lifting the US crude oil export ban: A numerical partial equilibrium analysis." Energy Policy 97 (October 2016): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.07.040.

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Alasio, Luca, Helene Ranetbauer, Markus Schmidtchen, and Marie-Therese Wolfram. "Trend to equilibrium for systems with small cross-diffusion." ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis 54, no. 5 (2020): 1661–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/m2an/2020008.

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This paper presents new analytical results for a class of nonlinear parabolic systems of partial different equations with small cross-diffusion which describe the macroscopic dynamics of a variety of large systems of interacting particles. Under suitable assumptions, we prove existence of classical solutions and we show exponential convergence in time to the stationary state. Furthermore, we consider the special case of one mobile and one immobile species, for which the system reduces to a nonlinear equation of Fokker–Planck type. In this framework, we improve the convergence result obtained for the general system and we derive sharper L∞-bounds for the solutions in two spatial dimensions. We conclude by illustrating the behaviour of solutions with numerical experiments in one and two spatial dimensions.

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H W S de Silva. "AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION MEASURES IN THE COCONUT INDUSTRY OF SRI LANKA." CORD 1, no. 01 (2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v1i01.182.

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The apparent objectives of the govemment intervention measures in the coconut industry are identified and ranked. The inadequacy of data prevents estimation of basic coefficients required for the analysis. The partial equilibrium‑analysis based on “a prior' expectations shows that the opportunities available to improve the tenns of trade in desiccated coconut and edible copra exports justify government intervention in these two products in the foriu of export duties. There may also be some justification for expanding extension services and public investment on coconut researeh, which enables to realise the production objective of government. The implications of the study crucially depend on the assumptions and the partial equilibrium technique used.

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Choudhury, Deepankar, Shailesh Singh, and Shubhra Goel. "New approach for analysis of cantilever sheet pile with line load." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 43, no. 5 (2006): 540–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t06-018.

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Free-standing cantilever sheet pile walls in cohesionless soils subjected to horizontal line load have traditionally been analyzed assuming full active and passive earth pressure mobilization on the sides of the embedded portion of the wall. In the conventional analysis, the vertical equilibrium of forces is not checked and the effect of the wall friction angle is neglected because of the assumption of a smooth wall. In the present study, the limit equilibrium method has been used to estimate the minimum penetration depth required for a free-standing cantilever sheet pile wall subjected to horizontal line load, by considering the effect of wall friction angle, thereby satisfying all equilibrium conditions and considering the partial mobilization of earth pressures depending on the type and magnitude of the wall movement. The variation of earth pressure mobilization has been taken as a function of the displacement (rotation about both the top and the bottom) of the cantilever sheet pile wall, which in turn also governs the mobilized friction angles. A comparison has been made between the results of penetration depths obtained by the present study and those obtained by existing conventional solutions. New design values in nondimensional form are proposed.Key words: wall friction angle, partial earth pressure mobilization, cohesionless soil, penetration depth, equilibrium equations, displacement.

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Li, Shuang, Shican Liu, Yanli Zhou, Yonghong Wu, and Xiangyu Ge. "Optimal Portfolio Selection of Mean-Variance Utility with Stochastic Interest Rate." Journal of Function Spaces 2020 (November 19, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3153297.

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In order to tackle the problem of how investors in financial markets allocate wealth to stochastic interest rate governed by a nested stochastic differential equations (SDEs), this paper employs the Nash equilibrium theory of the subgame perfect equilibrium strategy and propose an extended Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation to analyses the optimal control over the financial system involving stochastic interest rate and state-dependent risk aversion (SDRA) mean-variance utility. By solving the corresponding nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) deduced from the extended HJB equation, the analytical solutions of the optimal investment strategies under time inconsistency are derived. Finally, the numerical examples provided are used to analyze how stochastic (short-term) interest rates and risk aversion affect the optimal control strategies to illustrate the validity of our results.

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Erdös, Emerich, and Karel Mocek. "Equilibria of Reactions Between Nitrogen Oxides and Calcium Hydroxide." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 60, no. 5 (1995): 751–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19950751.

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A general analysis of chemical equilibria in a system consisting of the gaseous nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and the solid calcium hydroxide is carried out with respect to the equilibrium partial pressures of nitrogen oxides. The conditions are defined, under which the calcium hydroxide is transformed to the calcium carbonate. The corresponding equilibrium equations are derived for all nine regions of existence of described system. The results are illustrated graphically and discussed from the point of removing the nitrogen oxides from waste gases.

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Brischetto, Salvatore. "Curvature Approximation Effects in the Free Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Shells." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 08, no. 06 (2016): 1650079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825116500794.

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The present work investigates the effects of the curvature terms in the three-dimensional (3D) equilibrium equations used for the free vibration analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) structures. The 3D equilibrium equations have been written in general orthogonal curvilinear coordinates which are valid for spherical shells. They automatically degenerate in those for cylindrical shells and plates considering one of the two radii of curvature and both radii of curvature equal to infinite, respectively. The approximation of curvature terms in the 3D equilibrium equations has been evaluated by means of frequency analyses. Results obtained via 3D equilibrium equations with exact geometry have been compared with those calculated via 3D equilibrium equations written with the approximation of the curvature terms. The effects of the curvature approximations depend on the thickness and curvature of the structures, on the materials, lamination sequences and FGM laws, on the frequency orders and vibration modes. The resulting system of second order partial differential equations has been reduced into a system of first order partial differential equations redoubling the variables. Therefore, the exponential matrix method has been employed using a layer wise approach. The final 3D equations have been solved in exact form considering harmonic displacement components and simply supported structures. The approximation of the curvature terms has been introduced in the 3D equilibrium shell equations. For numerical reasons, interlaminar continuity conditions and the top and bottom boundary and loading conditions have been written including the exact geometry. The introduction of curvature approximations only in the equilibrium equations is sufficient to obtain an exhaustive qualitative analysis of the importance of curvature terms in the free vibration problems for FGM structures.

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Koukkari, Pertti, and Risto Pajarre. "A Gibbs energy minimization method for constrained and partial equilibria." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 6 (2011): 1243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-09-36.

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The conventional Gibbs energy minimization methods apply elemental amounts of system components as conservation constraints in the form of a stoichiometric conservation matrix. The linear constraints designate the limitations set on the components described by the system constituents. The equilibrium chemical potentials of the constituents are obtained as a linear combination of the component-specific contributions, which are solved with the Lagrange method of undetermined multipliers. When the Gibbs energy of a multiphase system is also affected by conditions due to immaterial properties, the constraints must be adjusted by the respective entities. The constrained free energy (CFE) minimization method includes such conditions and incorporates every immaterial constraint accompanied with its conjugate potential. The respective work or affinity-related condition is introduced to the Gibbs energy calculation as an additional Lagrange multiplier. Thus, the minimization procedure can include systemic or external potential variables with their conjugate coefficients as well as non-equilibrium affinities. Their implementation extends the scope of Gibbs energy calculations to a number of new fields, including surface and interface systems, multi-phase fiber suspensions with Donnan partitioning, kinetically controlled partial equilibria, and pathway analysis of reaction networks.

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Adhikari, Deergha Raj, Lynn Gray, and Jackie Burns. "Effect of unemployment insurance tax on wages and employment: a partial equilibrium analysis." Applied Economics Letters 16, no. 3 (2009): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504850601018254.

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HEIJDRA, BEN J., JOCHEN O. MIERAU, and TIMO TRIMBORN. "Stimulating annuity markets." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 16, no. 4 (2016): 554–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747216000056.

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AbstractWe study the short-, medium-, and long-run implications of stimulating annuity markets in a dynamic general-equilibrium overlapping-generations model. We find that beneficial partial-equilibrium effects of stimulating annuity markets are counteracted by negative general-equilibrium repercussions. Balancing the positive partial-equilibrium and negative general-equilibrium forces we show that there exists an intermediate level of annuitization such that the lifetime utility of steady-state agents is maximized. Studying the transition to this optimal degree of annuitization shows that currently middle-aged individuals stand to gain most from the stimulation of annuity markets. Complementing our main analysis, we highlight the centrality of the interplay between human-capital accumulation and annuity market policy.

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Lyn, Gary, and Andrés Rodríguez-Clare. "External Economies and International Trade Redux: Comment*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 128, no. 4 (2013): 1895–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjt017.

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Abstract Recently, Gene Grossman and Esteban Rossi-Hansberg (GRH; “External Economies and International Trade: Redux,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 125 [2010], 829–858) proposed a novel way to think about the implications of international trade in the presence of national external economies at the industry level. Instead of perfect competition and two industries, GRH assume Bertrand competition and a continuum of industries. GRH conclude that the equilibrium is unique if transport costs are low, that there is no trade for high transport costs, and that there is no equilibrium in pure strategies when transport costs are intermediate. In this note we reexamine the equilibrium analysis under different transport costs for a single industry (partial equilibrium) version of GRH’s model. We confirm many of GRH’s results, but also find that there are circumstances under which there are multiple equilibria, including equilibria in which trade patterns run counter to “natural” comparative advantage, and also find that there is a profitable deviation to the mixed-strategy equilibrium postulated by GRH for intermediate trading costs. We propose an alternative set of strategies for this case and establish that they constitute an equilibrium.

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Lia, Bin, and Jianbao Fu. "Study on the theory of three-dimensional limit analysis of soil and practical calculation." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817503013.

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Based on the stress analysis of a point in space, the stress analysis of a point on a surface is performed, and then the relationship among the normal stress, the shear stress, and the stress component of a point on a surface and the first order partial derivative of the surface equation is deduced. Equilibrium equations of soil columns between the sliding surface and the top surface of the slope are established, which include differential equilibrium equation of force, equilibrium equation of force, and equilibrium equation of moment. These equilibrium equations and Coulomb yield condition can form the fundamental equations of three-dimensional slope stability analysis. Applying the supposition similar to that applied in the simplified Bishop method, a kind of three-dimensional slope analysis method can be obtained. An example is presented to show that the computation method is reasonable and applicable.

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LEE, SANG SOO. "Generalized critical-layer analysis of fully coupled resonant-triad interactions in boundary layers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 347 (September 25, 1997): 71–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112097006617.

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The critical-layer analysis of the nonlinear resonant-triad interaction by Goldstein & Lee (1992) is extended to include viscous effects. A generalized scaling which is valid both for the quasi-equilibrium and non-equilibrium critical-layer analyses in zero- or non-zero-pressure-gradient boundary layers is obtained. A system of partial differential equations which governs the fully coupled non-equilibrium critical-layer dynamics is obtained and it is solved by using a numerical method. Amplitude equations and their viscous limits are also presented. The parametric-resonance growth rate of the non-equilibrium critical-layer solution with finite viscosity is larger than that of the viscous-limit quasi-equilibrium solution. The viscosity delays both the onset of the fully coupled interaction and the ultimate downstream location of the singularity. The difference between the non-equilibrium critical-layer solution and the corresponding quasi-equilibrium critical-layer solution becomes smaller, at least in the parametric resonance region, as the viscosity parameter becomes large. However, the non-equilibrium solution with finite viscosity always ends in a singularity at a finite downstream position unlike the viscous-limit solution.

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Wright, A. J., and C. Clark Cockerham. "SELECTION WITH PARTIAL SELFING. I. MASS SELECTION." Genetics 109, no. 3 (1985): 585–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/109.3.585.

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ABSTRACT The expected responses to mass selection carried out before or after reproduction in a population whose members all have a fixed probability of self pollination (s) are formulated using covariances of relatives and their component quadratic functions for a model with arbitrary additive and dominance effects. The response measured in the first generation offspring after selection (immediate gain) can differ from that retained when the population has regained equilibrium (permanent gain). The population mean behaves in a predictable manner during the return to equilibrium, and its value at any time can be predicted from earlier generations. The permanent gain from selection after reproduction is always (1 + s)/2 times as large as that from selection before reproduction, but the relationship of the immediate gains depends on the genetic model assumed.—Numerical analysis applied to a model with two alleles per locus and varying allele frequencies, dominance ratios and numbers of loci showed that the proportion of the immediate gain retained at equilibrium was reduced with the large inbreeding depression associated with increasing dominance levels and numbers of loci and was generally lower for selection after reproduction than before. In the absence of information as to the magnitude of genetic variances and inbreeding depression in species reproducing by partial selfing, the importance of this phenomenon is unknown.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Partial equilibrium analysis'

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