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Journal articles on the topic 'Partial replacement of cement'
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1
Mishra, Guru Sharan. "Review on Seashell Ash as Partial Cement Replacement." Journal of Ceramics and Concrete Sciences 9, no. 1 (2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/joccs.2024.v09i01.001.
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The review paper focuses on utilizing various sea shell ashes, including cockle, clam, oyster, mollusc, periwinkle, snail, and green mussel shell ash, as partial replacements for cement. It aims to promote environmental sustainability and mitigate the issues associated with global warming. Cement production is known to have significant environmental impacts across all stages, including air pollution through dust and gases, as well as noise and vibration during quarrying and milling processes. One proposed solution is the adoption of modified cement, which refers to cementitious materials designed to match or surpass the performance of Portland cement while incorporating recycled and waste materials, thereby reducing the demand for raw materials and promoting sustainability in construction. Utilizing sea shell ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete has the potential to yield substantial energy savings and offer significant environmental advantages. Previous investigations have explored the chemical and mechanical properties of concrete produced with sea shell ash replacements, including specific gravity, chemical composition, compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength. The results indicate that the optimal replacement percentage for sea shell ash in cement lies within the range of 4–5%.
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Dr., Pranab Jyoti Barman* Manash Pratim Deka Ankita Gogoi Gyandeep Das Ritushna Sarmah Manjit Pathak. "Comprehensive Study of Partial Replacement of Cement with Biochar in Concrete." International Journal of Scientific Research and Technology 2, no. 4 (2025): 299–305. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15212106.
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Concrete is the most extensively used construction material in the world. Among the constituents of concrete (cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate) cement is the most expensive one. The production process of cement leads to generation of CO2. It is estimated that nearly 8% of global CO2 is generated during the production of cement. The objective of this study is to find the suitable replaceable material instead of cement. In this study biochar is used as a material for partially replace the cement. Biochar is a type of charcoal produced from biomass through a process called pyrolysis which involves burning of organic material in absence or limited supply of oxygen. Cement is replaced with biochar at 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, and 13% by the weight of the cement. Slump tests as well as compressive strength test are performed on fresh and hardened concrete after curing period of 7 and 28 days. The results are then compared with conventional concrete (at 0% replacement) to determine the best combination of replacement of the material. From the investigation it was observed that 5% of biochar is best suitable for replacement of cement in concrete mix.
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Pavlů, Tereza, and Magdaléna Šefflová. "Carbonation Resistance of Fine Aggregate Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement." Key Engineering Materials 722 (December 2016): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.722.201.
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The main aim of this contribution is verification of durability properties of concrete with partial replacement of cement by recycled cement powder (RCP) sourced from pure waste concrete. The main topic of this article is the study of influence of partial replacement of cement by RCP to the carbonation resistance of fine aggregate concrete with partial replacement of cement. The compressive strength, tensile strength in bending and depth of carbonation were tested after 56 days of CO2 curing. Partial replacement of cement was 0, 5, 10 and 15 % for all these tests. The properties were investigated by using prismatic specimens.
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Abu Bakar, M. N. R., M. H. Ismail, N. A. N. Che Rahim, M. A. Majid, N. Md Noor, and A. F. George. "Strength and heat emissions performance of high strength concrete containing fine metakaolin & palm oil fuel ash as partial cement replacement." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1347, no. 1 (2024): 012070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1347/1/012070.
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Abstract Cement production significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, specifically carbon dioxide (CO2). In addition to the CO2 emissions from cement production, the increase in palm oil fuel ash (POFA), which is the by-product of the palm oil industry, can also contribute to environmental pollution. This study carried out on POFA and metakaolin (MK) as a partial cement replacement can reduce the problem of greenhouse and environmental effects. Apart from that, it can also increase the level of concrete strength. The slump and compressive strength tests were carried out first on concrete that uses fine metakaolin (FMK) only as a partial cement replacement to obtain an optimum value of FMK. Thus, the optimum FMK content found in this study was 20%. Next, slump tests, compressive strength tests, and heat of hydration tests were carried out on samples containing FMK and POFA content as a partial cement replacement up to 40% of the total cement replacement. The POFA content starts at 5%, followed by 10%, 15%, and 20%. In addition to that, FMK content of 20% and superplasticizer (SP) of 2% were constant for all design mixes. The workability of concrete decreases with the inclusion of FMK and POFA as partial cement replacements and 2% of SP as a constant. However, the strength of concrete containing 20% FMK and 5% POFA as partial cement replacement has given better compressive strength than ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete up to 14.07% at 28 days. Additionally, it is found that the exact amount of 20% FMK and 5% POFA enables concrete to be reduced to 5.54% in peak temperature compared to OPC concrete. Furthermore, the formation of C-S-H gel was increasingly generated and able to fill in the gaps in concrete when the POFA content increased, thus making the concrete denser and stronger than the control series.
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Pavlů, Tereza, Magdaléna Šefflová, and Vladimír Hujer. "The Properties of Fine-Aggregate Concrete with Recycled Cement Powder." Key Engineering Materials 677 (January 2016): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.677.292.
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The main aim of this contribution is verification of properties of concrete with partial replacement of cement by recycled cement powder originating from waste concrete. The main topic of this article is the study of influence of partial replacement of cement by recycled cement powder (RCP) to the cement paste properties, workability of fresh concrete and strength development and dynamic modulus of elasticity of fine aggregate concrete with partial replacement of cement. The workability of fresh concrete were tested by flow table test. The compressive strength, tensile strength in bending and dynamic modulus of elasticity were tested at the age 7, 14, 28 and 90 days. Partial replacement of cement was 0, 5, 10 and 15 % for all these tests. Mechanical properties were investigated by using cubic and prismatic specimens. The determination of the initial setting time of cement paste were measured by automatic Vicat apparatus for replacement rate of cement 0, 5, 10, 15 and 25 %.
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Vasudevan, Gunalaan, and Heng Tze Cong. "Palm Kernel Ash and Eggshell Ash as Partial Replacement of Cement in Interlocking Brick Production." Materials Science Forum 1047 (October 18, 2021): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1047.174.
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This research uses eggshell ash and palm kernel shell ash as a partial replacement for cement in brick production. Previous researchers have used different materials as a replacement for cement. This research seeks to determine the best eggshell ash and palm kernel ash ratio as a partial replacement for cement in brick production. The experiment uses 5, 10, 15, and 20% eggshell ash and palm kernel shell ash for a partial replacement of cement. This research performs the compressive strength, water absorption, efflorescence, fire resistance, colour, sound and size tests to determine the quality of the brick containing eggshell ash and palm kernel shell ash as a partial replacement for cement. The results show that the best ratio for replacing cement in brick production is 15% eggshell ash and palm kernel shell.
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Lukose, Neethu. "Partial Replacement of Cement by ETP Sludge in Building Materials." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 11, no. 10 (2022): 534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr221011071124.
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Shah, Rushabh A., and Jayeshkumar Pitroda. "Effect of Pozzocrete as Partial Replacement with Cement in Mortar." Global Journal For Research Analysis 2, no. 1 (2012): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/january2013/69.
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Nagaraju, Putta Venkata. "Assessing the Usage of Barytes Powder and Cuddapah Stone Dust as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Concrete of Grade M30 and M35." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 10 (2024): 1393–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.64906.
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This research studied the effects of using Barytes powder and Cuddapah stone waste as substitutes for cement in M30 and M35 grade concrete using OPC. Cement production is known to harm the environment and consume a lot of energy, making the search for alternative materials to replace cement in concrete important.In this study, different amounts of Barytes powder and Cuddapah stone waste were added to concrete mixes as partial replacements for cement. The resulting concrete was tested for compressive strength and compared to normal concrete. The experiment involved making concrete samples with varying percentages of cement replacement, ranging from 0% to 50%, using Barytes powder, Cuddapah stone waste and Combination. The samples underwent standard curing and testing according to Indian standards.The research analysed the results to find the optimum percentage of cement replacement that provided satisfactory mechanical properties. This study determined the feasibility and effectiveness of using Barytes powder and Cuddapah stone waste as partial replacements for cement in concrete production.
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Pavlů, Tereza, Vladimír Kočí, and Magdaléna Šefflová. "Study Replacement of Cement with Recycled Cement Powder and the Environmental Assessment." Solid State Phenomena 249 (April 2016): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.249.136.
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This investigation is focused on possibility of partial cement replacement in concrete mixture and its environmental assessment. The cement in concrete mixture is replaced by recycled cement powder from modified construction and demolition (C&D) waste. Recycled cement powder were prepared in laboratory from C&D waste of high quality road concrete. The main goal of this investigation is optimize amount of recycled cement powder used as partial replacement of cement in concrete mixture according to mechanical, deformation and physical properties of concrete and environmental impact. The properties of the fine-aggregate concrete with partial replacement of cement by recycled cement powder were tested for this verification. The life cycle analysis was calculated for this optimization. The properties and environmental assessment of the fine-aggregate concrete with partial replacement of fine aggregate by fine recycled aggregate were examined for comparison.
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V. Sri Ramya Lekhini and Janardhan G. "Mechanical Properties on Self - Compacting Concrete Replacement with Fly Ash, Silica Fume in Cement and Addition with Fibres." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 7, no. 03 (2021): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0703005.
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Self-compacting concrete has high workability and flow ability than normal compacted concrete. With its segregation resistance and fluidity, it offers a solution to problems in construction field like lack of skilled labour, inadequate compaction, over compaction, segregation etc. This study includes designing a self-compacting concrete mix which is standardized using its fresh properties with respect to EFNARC (European Federation of National Associations Representing for Concrete)standards. In this study, fly ash is used as partial replacement for cement in concrete. The mix design for M30 grade self-compacting concrete is done as per EFNARC standards. Then various properties of different mixes of M30 grade with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% & 50%and 5% of silica fume as partial replacements of cement were compared, and the optimum percentage replacement is obtained at 30% replacement (SCC 30). On determining the optimum percentage replacement of fly ash in cement for M30 grade SCC as SCC 30, various properties such as weight loss and compressive strength and flexural strength of SCC 30 with normal SCC 30 are compared and then finally basalt fibres were added to cement content to asses the performance of concrete with fly ash and fibres as partial replacements of cement. It is found that the there is loss in weight as well as compressive strength and flexural strength of specimen due to adding fly ash and basalt fibres
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Pavlů, Tereza, and Magdaléna Šefflová. "Non Destructive Testing of Concrete with Recycled Cement Powder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 825 (February 2016): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.825.45.
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This study deals with determination of the physical properties of fine-aggregate concrete with partial replacement of cement in concrete mixture. Cement was replaced by recycled cement powder originating from construction and demolition waste. The main goal of this study is evaluation of the basic physical properties of the fine-aggregate concrete with partial cement replacement by recycled concrete powder such as density, water absorption capacity and capillary water absorption. The fine recycled concrete which was used as partial replacement of cement had the same grain size as cement. The replacement rate was 0 %, 5 %, 10 % and 15 %. Physical properties were investigated by using cubic and prismatic specimens.
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Vimalanathan, M. "Partial Replacement of Cement by Baryte." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (2022): 4527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44817.
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Abstract: The use of high volume baryte concrete fits in very well with sustainable development. High performance concrete is being widely used all over the world. High volume baryte concrete mixtures contain lower quantities of cement and higher volume of baryte (up to 40%). The use of baryte concrete at proportions ranging from 0 to 40% of total cementations binder has been studied extensively over the last twenty years and the properties of blended concrete are well documented. The replacement of baryte as a cement component in concrete depends upon the design strength, water demand and relative cost of ash compared to cement. The specific gravity and chemical properties of baryte cement, coarse and fine aggregate were determined. Cubes and the cylinder cubes werecured for 7 and 28 days respectively. The cubes and cylinder cubes were subjected to compressive strength tests after densitydetermination at 7 and 28 days respectively. The slump of different baryte percentage are compared
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Rekha, K., and R. Thenmozhi. "Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of BAGcrete." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.693.
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The usage of waste materials in making concrete gives a satisfactory solution to some of the problems related to waste management and environmental concerns. In the development of blended cements, some of the Agro wastes such as sugarcane bagasse ash, rice husk ash and wheat straw ash are used as pozzolanic materials. Few studies have been reported on the use of bagasse ash (BA) as partial cement replacement material. This research aims to study the physical and mechanical properties of hardened concrete prepared with bagasse ash as partial replacement material for cement are reported. The Portland cement was replaced with BA in the ratio of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of weight of cement. The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete at the age of 28 days were investigated. From the test results it was observed that bagasse ash is an effective mineral admixture, with 5% as optimal replacement ratio of cement.
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Ruthik, B., and D. Praseeda. "Mechanical and durability performance of bentonite clay blended cement composites - A Review." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2779, no. 1 (2024): 012081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2779/1/012081.
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Abstract Cement plays a crucial role as a binder in concrete production. With the evolving population, there is tremendous development happening all over the world in terms of infrastructure which is mostly of concrete. With this development, there is also a greater dependency on the cement. As known cement production contributes to the emission of greenhouse gases which cause harm to the environment. To overcome this problem to some extent, supplementary cementitious materials play a greater role. Materials that are mostly used as partial replacements for cement are the by-products of various industries such as fly ash, GGBS, spent pot lining, etc. There is also another material called Bentonite clay which can be used as a supplementary cementitious material as a partial replacement to cement. However, the study is limited owing to its properties such as its swelling nature etc. So, this paper reviews the feasibility of the utilization of bentonite clay as one of the materials as a partial replacement for cement in the production of concrete. This paper mainly reviews the mechanical properties and durability performance of bentonite-modified cement composites. It has been observed from the studies carried out that there is an enhancement in the mechanical properties and durability performance with the utilization of Calcined bentonite clay as a partial replacement for cement. The optimum dosage of the utilization of the bentonite clay was found to be in the range between 20-30 % by weight of the cement content.
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Fouad, Edris, Mahmoud Al-Tamimi, and Mohammed Aldelgawy. "Implementation of Feldspar as a partial replacement material in cement mortar (exploration and application)." Journal of Applied Engineering Science 20, no. 1 (2022): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jaes0-31694.
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This paper aims to explore and evaluate the use of Jordanian Feldspar as a natural resource partial replacement material for cement and sand in cement mortar. First, Al-Jaishia area was explored through a global positioning system (GPS) navigation to gather site samples of Feldspar raw material. Then, cement and sand were partially replaced by Feldspar with substitution ratios of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% for each. The study included the effect of cement replacement on normal consistency and setting time for cement paste. The water content along with initial and final setting times increased with the increment of cement replacement ratio. Moreover, mechanical properties (compressive, flexural, and residual compressive strengths) of cement mortar with cement and sand replacement were evaluated. The compressive and flexural strengths after 3, 7, and 28 days of curing were examined for both cement and sand replacement. While, residual compressive strength for cement replacement after 28 days was measured at elevated temperatures of 400°C, 600°C, and 800°C. The compressive and flexural strengths decreased by increasing the Feldspar replacement ratio for both cement and sand at all specimen ages. Whereas, heat resistance properties were improved by cement/Feldspar replacement. The best result for residual compressive strength was obtained at 15% replacement ratio and 400°C temperature.
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Jawad, Zahraa Fakhri, Rusul Jaber Ghayyib, and Awham Jumah Salman. "Microstructural and Compressive Strength Analysis for Cement Mortar with Industrial Waste Materials." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 5 (2020): 1007–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091524.
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Cement production uses large quantities of natural resources and contributes to the release of CO2. In order to treat the environmental effects related to cement manufacturing, there is a need to improve alternative binders to make concrete. Accordingly, extensive study is ongoing into the utilization of cement replacements, using many waste materials and industrial. This paper introduces the results of experimental investigations upon the mortar study with the partial cement replacement. Fly ash, silica fume and glass powder were used as a partial replacement, and cement was replaced by 0%, 1%, 1.5%, 3% and 5% of each replacement by the weight. Compressive strength test was conducted upon specimens at the age of 7 and 28 days. Microstructural characteristic of the modified mortar was done through the scanning electron microscope (SEM) vision, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was carried out for mixes with different replacements. The tests results were compared with the control mix. The results manifested that all replacements present the development of strength; this improvement was less in the early ages and raised at the higher ages in comparison with the control specimens. Microstructural analysis showed the formation of hydration compounds in mortar paste for each replacement. This study concluded that the strength significantly improved by adding 5% of silica fume compared with fly ash and glass powder.
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Tyrer, Mark, Mark Richardson, Niall Holmes, John Newell, Marcus Yio, and Hong Wong. "Predicting the Hydration of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Recycled Glass Blended Cements." Applied Sciences 15, no. 12 (2025): 6872. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15126872.
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The use of recycled glass powder (RCGP) is investigated as a partial replacement for ground granulated blast furnace slag in blended CEM II/A-LL cements using thermodynamic modelling to simulate cement paste hydration at a water-to-cement (w/c) ratio of 0.5. This study allows a rapid means of examining the likely evolution of these materials over the first two to three years, allowing experimental work to focus on promising formulations. A comparison is made between the evolving solid phase and solution chemistries of four materials: a standard Portland-limestone (CEM II/A-LL), a ‘control’ blend, comprising equal quantities of CEM II/A-LL with GGBS and two novel blended cements containing RCGP. These represent 15% replacement (by mass) of GGBS by RCGP blended with either 40% or 60% CEM II/A-LL. The simulations were performed using the code HYDCEM, a cement hydration simulator, which calls on the thermodynamic model PHREEQC to sequentially simulate the evolution of the four cements. The results suggest that partial replacement of GGBS by 15% RCGP results in no significant change in system chemistry. The partial replacement of cementitious slag by waste container glass provides a route by which this material can be diverted from the landfill inventory, and the mass-balance and energy balance implications will be reported elsewhere.
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Pavlů, Tereza, and Magdaléna Šefflová. "The Development of the Fine-Aggregate Concrete Strength with Recycled Cement Powder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 827 (February 2016): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.827.255.
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This investigation was focused on possibility of use recycled cement powder originating from the construction and demolition concrete waste as partial replacement of cement in concrete mixture. The main goal of this paper is the study of the mechanical properties development of the fine-aggregate concrete with partial cement replacement at the age 7, 14 and 28 days. The compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity were tested in time. The recycled cement powder from fine recycled concrete, which was used as partial replacement of cement, had the same grain size as cement. The concrete mixtures contained 95 %, 90 % and 85 % of cement and residue has been replaced by recycled cement powder. Mechanical properties were tested on cubic and prismatic specimens.
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Ahmed, Farhan, Prince yadav, and Samreen Bano. "Experimental investigation of concrete incorporating untreated agricultural waste and calcium carbonate powder." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1326, no. 1 (2024): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1326/1/012054.
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Abstract In recent years, the use of sustainable materials in construction has become an important research topic. One such method is partial replacement of traditional construction materials with readily available environmentally friendly materials. This paper discusses the feasibility of using calcium carbonate powder and untreated agricultural waste such as bagasse ash in the production of concrete. The substitution was weight-based, with untreated agricultural waste replacing the fine aggregate and calcium carbonate powder replacing the OPC-43 grade cement. Cement replacement ranges from 5% to 30%, while fine aggregate replacement ranges from 5% to 15%. The results showed that calcium carbonate and untreated agricultural waste that is bagasse ash can be used as partial replacements for cement and fine aggregate in concrete production, resulting in improved compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength, as well as a reduction in the environmental impact of concrete production. Furthermore, chemical analysis scanning electron microscopy was also carried out to determine the underlying crystal structure of the replacements.
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Muthusamy, Khairunisa, Rahimah Embong, Nabilla Mohamad, Nur Syahira Hanim Kamarul Bahrin, and Fadzil Mat Yahaya. "Setting Time and Compressive Strength of Mortar Containing Cockle Shell Powder as Partial Cement Replacement." Key Engineering Materials 879 (March 2021): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.879.62.
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Environmental degradation caused by deforestation activities for harvesting of limestone from the hills and its calcination process at cement factory along with disposal of cockle shell waste from fisheries industries is in need of resolution. In view of sustainable green environment, approach of utilizing cockle shell waste as partial cement replacement in cement production would reduce pollution caused by both industries. Thus, this research investigates the effect of cockle shell powder as partial cement replacement on setting time and compressive strength of mortar. A total of five types of mortar mixes consisting different percentage of cockle shell powder as partial cement replacement from 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight of cement were prepared. Setting time test were conducted on fresh paste. All specimens were subjected to water curing until the testing age. Compressive strength test were conducted on hardened mortar cubes at 3, 7 and 28 days. Finding shows that integration of cockle shell powder as partial cement replacement influences the setting time and compressive strength of mortar. Suitable combination of 10% cockle shell powder successfully enhances the compressive strength of mortar. Conclusively, success in transforming the cockle shell waste to be used as partial cement replacement in mortar production able to reduce cement consumption, save landfill usage for trash dumping and promote cleaner environment for healthier lifestyle of community nearby.
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Rahul, R., Dr R. Chithra, and Dr R. Thenmozhi. "Experimental Investigation on Reactive Powder Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement with Different Pozzolanic Materials." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 6 (2023): 2292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.54041.
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Abstract: Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is one of the ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). In RPC the coarse aggregate is eliminated and the micro particles like silica fume, quartz powder and sand are utilized in the production process. The high cement content and low water to binder ratio in RPC lead to shrinkage problems. Hence in this study, an attempt is made to produce eco-friendly RPC by replacing cement with 3 different pozzolanic materials from industrial wastes such as Fly ash, GGBS and Granite powder. To assess the viability of partial replacement of cement by pozzolanic materials, nine mixes have been arrived with 10%, 20% and 30% replacements. The fresh concrete property such as slump and the compressive strength are determined for all the mixes. By comparing the strength property the suitable alternate replacement material and replacement percentage for cement in RPC is found out
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Armah, Samuel Kweku, and Humphrey Danso. "A study on grounded palm kernel shells (GPKS) as a partial replacement for sand in mortar." STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND EXACT SCIENCES 6, no. 1 (2025): e13517. https://doi.org/10.54021/seesv6n1-016.
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The use of waste materials in mortar production offers an effective solution to address environmental challenges and waste management issues. Agricultural wastes such as rice husk, wheat straw, hazel nutshell, and sugarcane bagasse have been utilized as aggregates in mortar. However, limited studies have explored the application of grounded palm kernel shells (GPKS) as a partial replacement of sand in cement mortars. This study investigates the effects of incorporating GPKS as a partial replacement of sand on the physical and mechanical properties of mortar. The GPKS replacement levels of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% were used with a mix ratio of 1:4 (cement to sand), and a water-cement ratio of 0.7. In all, 120 cubes of size 100 × 100 × 100 mm were prepared and cured for up to 28 days, and at 7 days intervals for density, water absorption, compressive strength, and tensile strength. Although the results for GPKS replacement of fine aggregate specimens were lower than the control specimens, the results for the various GPKS replacements met the standard requirement for cement mortar grade M6. The 10% GPKS replacement obtained better average results among all the various replacement proportions with a density of 1978.33 kg/m3, water absorption of 3.35%, compressive strength of 12.59 N/mm2, and tensile strength of 0.569 N/mm2. The study, therefore, concludes that GPKS can be used as a replacement for sand in cement mortar at a recommended level of 10% for construction applications.
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Osanyinlokun, Oluwatoyin E., Christopher A. Fapohunda, and Olatayo M. Olaniyan. "A Review of Bending Behaviour and Allied Properties of Reinforced Concrete Beams Containing Agro-waste Pozzolanic Materials as Partial Cement Replacements." FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology 9, no. 3 (2024): 538–46. https://doi.org/10.4314/fuoyejet.v9i3.26.
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Widespread usage of agro-based pozzolanic materials as partial cement replacement in structural concrete production will address sustainability issues. It will also address environmental concerns associated with using non-renewable resources to produce cement. However, its usage in reinforced concrete will only be possible with an understanding of agro-waste-ash-reinforced concrete analysis and design. This review examines extant literature on bending behaviour and other associated issues like crack propagation, development, and dimensions in concrete containing agro-based wastes as a partial cement replacement. While the results show an encouraging bending performance of concrete containing agro-based wastes as a partial replacement for cement (incorporating agro-based ash in reinforced concrete up to 10.0% by weight of cement resulted in improved beam bending strength and crack resistance), this optimum replacement ratio (10%) is crucial to maximising environmental benefits and mechanical performance, excessively high replacement levels, above the optimum, can negatively impact strength. There needs to be a record of the analysis and design of reinforced concrete beams produced with agro-waste ash as a partial replacement for cement. More information is needed on the provisions and recommendations in the various existing national standards for the reinforced concrete design of beams with agro-based pozzolans as a partial cement replacement. Thus, future research should analyse and design agro-waste-ash-reinforced concrete using existing design codes and technical guidance; doing this will help promote the use of agro-based waste in reinforced concrete production for its sustainability.
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Mohamed Sutan, Norsuzailina, Nur Izaitul Akma Ideris, Siti Noor Linda Taib, et al. "Microstructural characterization of catalysis product of nanocement based materials: A review." E3S Web of Conferences 34 (2018): 01039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183401039.
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Cement as an essential element for cement-based products contributed to negative environmental issues due to its high energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission during its production. These issues create the need to find alternative materials as partial cement replacement where studies on the potential of utilizing silica based materials as partial cement replacement come into picture. This review highlights the effectiveness of microstructural characterization techniques that have been used in the studies that focus on characterization of calcium hydroxide (CH) and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) formation during hydration process of cement-based product incorporating nano reactive silica based materials as partial cement replacement. Understanding the effect of these materials as cement replacement in cement based product focusing on the microstructural development will lead to a higher confidence in the use of industrial waste as a new non-conventional material in construction industry that can catalyse rapid and innovative advances in green technology.
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Chua, He Qing, Lee Woen Ean, Bashar S. Mohammed, et al. "Potential Use of Cameron Highlands Reservoir Sediment in Compressed Bricks." Key Engineering Materials 594-595 (December 2013): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.487.
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The objective of this research is to investigate the potential use of Cameron Highland reservoir sediment in compressed brick production. The sediments can be classified as well-graded clayey sandy SILT and well-graded gravely SAND whereby the grain size is comparable to the grain size of sand and silt. The sediment was used as a 100 % replacement for the soils content in conventional soil cement bricks. Besides that, sodium bentonite, mica, fly ash and bottom ash are used as pozzolan to partially replace the cement in the sediment cement bricks. This paper presents the compressive strength of sediment cement brick incorporating sodium bentonite, mica, bottom ash and fly ash as partial replacement of cement. The total replacement of soils by Cameron Highland reservoir sediment (Mix 2) shows significant increase in compressive strength of the bricks compare to the conventional soil cement bricks (Mix 1), while partial replacement of 10 % pozzolan results in optimum strength. On the other hand, 10 % of bottom ash and 10 % of fly ash (Mix 13) as partial replacement of cement achieved the highest compressive strength. This implies that sodium bentonite, mica, fly ash and bottom ash can be used as pozzolan to partial replace the cement.
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Alex, Alexander Gladwin, Zeyneb Kemal, Tsegay Gebrehiwet та Solomon Getahun. "Effect of α: Phase Nano Al2O3 and Rice Husk Ash in Cement Mortar". Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (10 березня 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4335736.
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The study focused on the investigation of the influence of α-phase nano Al2O3 (NA) and M-sand as a fine aggregate on the partial replacement of cement by micro rice husk ash (MRHA) to enhance the mechanical properties and durability of mortar and achieve an environmentally sustainable material. MRHA was added to the M-sand cement mortar (by partial replacement of cement) at varying concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of cement; and NA was added at the rate of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by weight of cement. The results showed that the partial replacement of cement by MRHA (10%) improves the comprehensive and tensile strength by 7% and 6.9%, respectively, compared to the control. Moreover, the incorporation of NA in cement increased the comprehensive and tensile strengths by 15.5% and 41%, respectively. The optimal increment in the combination of MRHA and NA (MN) in the partial replacement of cement resulted in a 26.4% comprehensive strength and a 48.72% tensile strength compared to the control. The flowability of M-sand mortar containing MRHA and NA was observed to vary depending on the degree of dosage and the admixture. Our study concludes that the partial replacement of cement by the admixtures MRHA (10%) and NA (1%) in combination improved the strength and reduced water absorption when compared to the individual effects and control, suggesting the application of MRHA and NA in concrete technology.
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López-Perales, Jesús Fernando, María Cruz Alonso-Alonso, Francisco Javier Vázquez-Rodríguez, et al. "Geothermal Nano-SiO2 Waste as a Supplementary Cementitious Material for Concrete Exposed at High Critical Temperatures." Materials 17, no. 17 (2024): 4381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17174381.
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The partial replacement effect of Portland cement by geothermal nano-SiO2 waste (GNSW) for sustainable Portland-cement-based concrete was investigated to improve the properties of concrete exposed at high critical temperatures. Portland cement was partially replaced by 20 and 30 wt.% of GNSW. The partial replacement effect on Portland-cement-based concrete subjected to 350, 550, and 750 °C was evaluated by measuring the weight changes, ultrasonic pulse velocity, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, surface inspection, and scanning electron microscopy under residual conditions. The ultrasonic pulse velocity results showed that the GNSW specimens maintained suitable stability after being heated to 350 °C. The SEM analysis revealed a denser microstructure for the 20 wt.% of partial replacement of Portland cement by GNSW specimen compared to the reference concrete when exposed to temperatures up to 400 °C, maintaining stability in its microstructure. The weight losses were higher for the specimens with partial replacements of GNSW than the reference concrete at 550 °C, which can be attributed to the pozzolanic activity presented by the GNSW, which increases the amounts of CSH gel, leading to a much denser cementitious matrix, causing a higher weight loss compared to the reference concrete. GNSW is a viable supplementary cementitious material, enhancing thermal properties up to 400 °C due to its high pozzolanic activity and filler effect while offering environmental benefits by reducing industrial waste.
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Yeshiwas, Mezgebu Debas, Mitiku Damtie Yehualaw, Betelhem Tilahun Habtegebreal, Wallelign Mulugeta Nebiyu, and Woubishet Zewdu Taffese. "Rice Husk Ash and Waste Marble Powder as Alternative Materials for Cement." Infrastructures 10, no. 4 (2025): 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures10040078.
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Concrete, a cornerstone of modern construction, owes its widespread adoption to global industrialization and urbanization, with mortar being an essential component. However, the cement production process is energy-intensive and generates significant CO2 emissions. This study explores the use of agricultural (rice husk ash, RHA) and industrial (waste marble powder, WMP) waste materials as partial cement replacements in mortar. Despite extensive research on RHA and WMP individually, studies examining their combined effects remain scarce. This research assessed cement replacement levels from 0% to 30% in 5% increments, evaluating the fresh, mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of the mortar. The findings showed that replacing 20% of cement with RHA and WMP increased compressive strength by 20.65% after 28 days, attributed to improved homogeneity and pozzolanic reactions that produced more calcium silicate hydrate. Water absorption decreased from 8.3% to 6.34%, indicating lower porosity and enhanced uniformity. Microstructural analyzes showed a denser mortar with 13% less mass loss at 20% replacement level. However, higher replacement levels reduced workability due to the increased surface area of RHA and WMP. Generally, using RHA and WMP as partial replacements of up to 20% significantly enhances mortar properties and supports sustainability.
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de Magalhães, Luciano Fernandes, Isabella de Souza Morais, Luis Felipe dos Santos Lara, et al. "Iron Ore Tailing as Addition to Partial Replacement of Portland Cement." Materials Science Forum 930 (September 2018): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.125.
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The manufacture of Portland cement used in the production of concrete emits large amounts of CO2into the atmosphere, contributing to the increase of the greenhouse effect. The environmental impact generated by the mineral exploration activity is a problem of easy verification, especially in open pit mines. The present work evaluated the possibility of using iron ore tailing as an addition to the partial replacement of the cement in mortars. The iron ore tailings were processed by drying in oven (48h at 105oC) and milling in a planetary mill (10min at 300RPM), obtaining medium grain size of 14,13 μm. For the characterization, laser granulometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential thermal and thermogravimetric analysis (DTA / TGA) were performed. The sample is composed predominantly by quartz, hematite, goethite and gibbsite. After the characterization, the waste was used in the preparation of test specimens, with 10, 20 and 30% weight substitution of the cement. The composites were submitted to compression tests, with ages of 3, 7 and 28 days, using a strength rate of 0,25MPa/s. The mortars with 10, 20 and 30% of substitution presented resistance of 41.65, 36.26 and 31.64 MPa, being able to be characterized as category of Portland cement of resistance 40, 32 and 25 respectively. Considering the reduction of cement in the mortars produced, the results of compressive strength were relevant for the substitutions. The cements produced with the substitutions according to the Brazilian standards under the mechanical aspect can be classified as Portland cement.
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Matkar, Pratik S., Pooja R. Khurape, and Smita S. Chavan. "Experimental Investigation of Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete using Waste Glass Powder." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 5 (2024): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.61442.
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Abstract: The construction industry is the second largest industry in the world & concrete is prime material used in it [5]. The use of concrete generates lots of heat during hydration process. It directly contributes to global warming. Also cement is costly material & its storage is also difficult. The cement plays important role of binding in concrete. It contains lime as main constituents. So to reduce this ill effect of cement one must find the alternatives for cement which can perform the same role in concrete. This study represents the experimental investigation of effect of partial replacement of cement by glass powder on strength of concrete & other factors like workability, water cement ratio, and heat of hydration. Glass contains lime as its one of main constituent. The cement was replaced with glass powder by 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The compressive strength, flexural strength & split tensile strength are tested for these replacements. Also economical aspect is observed along with. It is observed that physical & chemical properties of glass are almost similar to cement. So in this study an attempt is made to investigate the effect of partial replacement of cement by glass powder in concrete to make it as a special concrete
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Jatoi, Masroor Ali, Ghulam Shabir Solangi, Fahad Ali Shaikh, Sarosh Khan, and Shabir Ahmed. "Effect of Lakhra Fly Ash as Partial Replacement of Cement in Traditional Concrete." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 38, no. 4 (2019): 1045–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1904.16.
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This study was aimed to determine the effect of LFA (Lakhra Fly Ash) as partial replacement of cement in concrete. To conduct this study, a total of 72 standard concrete cylinders were cast with 1:2:4 proportions at 0.5 water-binder ratios. Cement was partially replaced by weight with LFA and the percentage replacements of FA (Fly Ash) were kept as 0, 5, 15, 25, 40 and 50%. In addition to that, workability of each mix was determined by Slump Cone test and Compaction Factor test. Out of 72 cylinders, 36 cylinders were tested to determine the compressive strength while the remaining 36 cylinders were tested to determine the tensile strength of concrete, at 7 days curing period, by using UTM (Universal Testing Machine). The results revealed that 25% replacement of binder with LFA, determined an increase in compressive strength of concrete up to 15% as compared to normal cement concrete. Moreover, the tensile strength of concrete also increased up to 16% for the same percentage replacement. Furthermore, it also increased the workability, cohesiveness and surface finishes of concrete. This finding can help to reduce the admixture dosage or the water content of the mix. On the contrary, the compressive strength as well as the tensile strength of concrete decreased in case of 40 and 50% replacements of the cement with FA.
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Abebaw, Gashaw, Bahiru Bewket, and Shumet Getahun. "Experimental Investigation on Effect of Partial Replacement of Cement with Bamboo Leaf Ash on Concrete Property." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (December 28, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6468444.
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Ethiopia’s construction industry is aggressively expanding than ever before. Cement is the most essential and expensive material in this regard. Cement takes 10%–15% by volume of concrete. Nowadays, the construction industry is challenged by the scarcity of cement and price escalation of the cement market. However, scholars try to replace cement with pozzolanic material. Besides this, they investigated that bamboo leaf ash possesses pozzolanic properties. Ethiopia has about 850,000 hectares of lowland bamboo, so it is good to utilize bamboo leaf ash as a replacement material for cement. In this study, the capability of lowland Ethiopian bamboo leaf ash as a partial substitute for cement in C-25 concrete production with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% replacement of OPC by BLA with 0.49 percent water-to-cement ratio was investigated. This study examines the chemical properties of BLA, physical properties of cement paste, workability, compressive strength, water absorption, density, and sulfate attack of concrete. The chemical composition of bamboo leaf ash was examined, the summation of SiO2, AlO3, and FeO3 is 76.35%, and the ash was classified class N pozzolan. The normal consistency percentage of water increases as the BLA replacement amount increases, and both initial and final setting time ranges increase as the BLA replacement amount increases. The compressive strength of concrete for 5% and 10% BLA achieves the target mean strength (33.5 MPa) on the 28th day, and on the 56th day, 5% and 10% replacements increase the concrete strength by 1.84% and 0.12%, respectively. The water absorption and sulfate attack have significant improvement of the BLA-blended concrete on 5% and 10% BLA content. According to the findings, bamboo leaf ash potentially substitutes cement up to 10%. The outcome of the study will balance the cement price escalation and increase housing affordability without compromise in quality.
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Grilo, Maria J., João Pereira, and Carla Costa. "Waste Marble Dust Blended Cement." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.671.
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Marble processing activities generates a significant amount of waste in dust form. This waste, which is nowadays one of the environmental problems worldwide, presents great potential of being used as mineral addition in blended cements production. This paper shows preliminary results of an ongoing project which ultimate goal is to investigate the viability of using waste marble dust (WMD), produced by marble Portuguese industry, as cement replacement material. In order to evaluate the effects of the WMD on mechanical behaviour, different mortar blended cement mixtures were tested. These mixtures were prepared with different partial substitution level of cement with WMD. Strength results of WMD blended cements were compared to control cements with same level of incorporation of natural limestone used to produce commercial Portland-limestone cements. The results obtained show that WMD blended cements perform better than limestone blended cements for same replacement level up to 20% w/w. Therefore, WMD reveals promising attributes for blended cements production.
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Surendra, Cherukuru, Karthik S, and Saravana Raja Mohan K. "Utilization of Fly Ash and Iron Slag in Concrete - An Experimental Study." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.12 (2018): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12.16032.
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The cement industry is responsible for about 6% of all CO2 emissions in the environment and numerous waste products out from the industries which is generating a lots of dumping problems and global warming. The main aim of this present study is to experimentally study the influence of partial replacement of cement with fly ash (FA) and partial replacement of fine aggregate with iron slag (IS) on the mechanical properties of concrete. Totally 10 mixes were prepared with 10, 20 and 30% replacements level of cement with fly ash and fine aggregate is replaced with 10, 20 and 30% by steel slag. The compressive and splitting tensile strength tests were found out after 7, 14, 28 and 7, 28 days age of curing for all the mixes respectively. Results were compared with conventional concrete and the optimum replacement percentage of FA and IS has reported.
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Sidabutar, Ros Anita, Johan Oberlyn Simanjuntak, and Josua Marganda Simangunsong. "Pengaruh Penambahan Serat Ijuk Terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton." Jurnal Visi Eksakta 3, no. 1 (2022): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51622/eksakta.v3i1.570.
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Concrete is one of the construction materials consisting of a mixture of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate as a filling material, as well as cement and water as a binder. With the addition of fiber as a partial replacement of cement to obtain a cheaper cost, for simple buildings. With partial replacement of cement with fiber in normal concrete, which aims to determine the effect of partial replacement of cement with fiber against the compressive strength of concrete. By comparing the length variation of fibers which are respectively 4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm and fibers taken 2% of the weight of cement. Where the calculation analysis (mix desing) using SNI 7656-2012 (procedure for making normal concrete mix plan). Mix design is done in order to determine the proportion of the mixture is done with strong concrete quality planned. The test object is a cylinder with a diameter with a diameter of 15 cm and height of 30 cm. From the results obtained the replacemen of some of the cement with fibers. Where the test results of normal concrete slump of 10 cm, fiber concrete measuring 4 cm by 10 cm, fiber conrete measuring 6 cm byy 9.8 cm and fiber concrete measuring 8 cm by 9.7 cm. And the maximum compressive strength test results obtained decreased, the test value of cylindrical concrete without the addition of fiber of 27.08 MPa, where the compressive strength of concrete by using 2% fibers with a length of 4 cm of 26.70 MPa, concrete fiber 6 cm of 25.94 MPa, and for fiber 8 cm of 24.72 MPa. So that the compressive strength of concrete that occurs decreases from normal concrete without the addition of fibers.
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Franco-Luján, Víctor A., Fernando Montejo-Alvaro, Samuel Ramírez-Arellanes, Heriberto Cruz-Martínez, and Dora I. Medina. "Nanomaterial-Reinforced Portland-Cement-Based Materials: A Review." Nanomaterials 13, no. 8 (2023): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13081383.
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Portland cement (PC) is a material that is indispensable for satisfying recent urban requirements, which demands infrastructure with adequate mechanical and durable properties. In this context, building construction has employed nanomaterials (e.g., oxide metals, carbon, and industrial/agro-industrial waste) as partial replacements for PC to obtain construction materials with better performance than those manufactured using only PC. Therefore, in this study, the properties of fresh and hardened states of nanomaterial-reinforced PC-based materials are reviewed and analyzed in detail. The partial replacement of PC by nanomaterials increases their mechanical properties at early ages and significantly improves their durability against several adverse agents and conditions. Owing to the advantages of nanomaterials as a partial replacement for PC, studies on the mechanical and durability properties for a long-term period are highly necessary.
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Ketkukah, T. S., S. I. Anowai, and F. G. Mije. "Performance of olive seed ash as partial replacement of cement in concrete." Nigerian Journal of Technology 41, no. 5 (2022): 827–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v41i5.2.
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The need for partial replacement of cement in concrete production has become inevitable because of adverse environmental impact of cement production, increasing cost of cement and financial benefits of utilization of waste products. This paper presents laboratory investigation of the properties of Olive Seed Ash (OSA) as partial replacement of cement in concrete. Concrete mix of 1:2:4 (Binder: Fine aggregate: Coarse Aggregate) and water-cement ratio of 0.44 were adopted in this study. Olive seed ash was used to replace cement at various levels of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% by mass. Partial replacement of cement with OSA resulted in decrease in initial and final setting times of concrete but the values are still within acceptable limits. The results show that compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength of the concrete decreased as the percentage of OSA increases. However, at 10% replacement level, the 28 days compressive strength achieved was 28N/mm2 and this value surpasses the minimum compressive strength of 25N/mm2 recognized by BS EN 1992-1-1 (2004) for reinforced concrete design. The results also showed that the water absorption decreased with increase in percentage replacement of cement with OSA portraying that replacement with olive seed ash has higher durability potentials. It is recommended that cement can be replaced with at least 10% OSA in concrete. This will reduce the cost of construction in addition to environmental advantage.
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Anita, Jessie J., Danish Peerzada, Ganesh S, and Singh Raina Chandandeep. "Implementation of paper mill waste as partial replacement material." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 19 (2020): 1901–7. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v13i19.583.
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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> The objective of the study was to study the compressive strength of the partially replaced paper mill waste in cement. <strong>Methods/ Statistical analysis:</strong> The concrete cube specimen were prepared for compressive strength test. In this study, the cement has been replaced with 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of hypo sludge. The specimens were cured for two different ages (7 days and 28 days) and tested for compressive strength. The quadratic polynomial prediction equation was proposed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The prediction model was developed using the experimental output results. Thus, the prediction model facilitates the further research work to be conducted by researchers on paper mill waste replacement. The rate analysis was also further carried out to show the cost effectiveness of using the waste replacement in cement. <strong>Findings:</strong> The test was conducted on the compressive strength (7 days and 28 days) of control specimen (0%) and partial replacement of 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of cement using the hypo sludge. Thus, 20% replacement of cement using hypo sludge has shown good compressive strength than the control specimen. The cost of 20% paper mill waste was less when compared to the cost of control specimen. <strong>Novelty/ Applications:</strong> The compressive strength of 20% partial replacement of paper mill waste in cement can be used in further construction. The prediction model can be used to predict the future compressive strength of partially replaced paper mill waste concrete. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Ordinary Portland cement; Paper mill waste; Hypo sludge; Partial replacement; RSM
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Aliyu, Muhammad Magana, Muhammad Musa Nuruddeen, and Yahaya Atika Nura. "THE USE OF QUARRY DUST FOR PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT IN CEMENT-SAND MORTAR." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 4, no. 4 (2021): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0404-164.
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This research was carried out to investigate the effect of partially replacing cement with quarry dust in cement-sand mortar. Tests including setting times, water absorption, compressive strength and density test were carried out on mortar with cement partially replaced with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% quarry dust and presented. Experimental results show that replacement of quarry dust as partial replacement of cement in cement-sand mortar decrease the initial and final setting times of cement paste and increase the water absorption of the mortar. The partial replacement shows an improvement of compressive strength at 5% quarry dust content after which there is a decrease with increase in quarry dust content at all the ages. The increase in compressive strength at 5% indicates possible pozzalanic activity at that level. Thus quarry dust can be utilized as cement replacement material at 5% dust content. Above this it can be utilized as fine aggregate replacement for use in low-strength mortar applications
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Manoj, B., G. Laxmi Prasanna, D. Sai Krishna, B. Siva Sankar Reddy, T. Vamsi Krishna, and M. Surendra Reddy. "PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY QUARRY DUST." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 06, no. 08 (2017): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2017.0608004.
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Preethi, M. "Study on Mechanical Properties of Light Weight Vermiculite Concrete by Partially Replacing Cement with GGBS and Dolomite." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (2022): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.39838.
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Abstract: This research aims to determine the mechanical properties of light weight vermiculite concrete of M30 grade by partial replacement of cement with GGBS and Dolomite In this study two different concrete mixes were prepared with partial replacement of cement with 40% of GGBS and fine aggregate with varying proportions of vermiculite of 0%,5%, 10%,15%,20% and 25% and another set of concrete mixes were prepared with partial replacement of cement with dolomite of 30% and fine aggregate with varying proportions of vermiculite of 0%,5%,10%,15%,20% and 25%. Keywords: Vermiculite Concrete, Light Weight Concrete, GGBS, Dolomite, Mechanical Properties
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Samad, Nur Afifah Izzati Abd, Siti Radziah Abdullah, Mustaffa Ibrahim, Shahiron Shahidan, and Noorli Ismail. "Initial properties of 3D printing concrete using Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as Partial Cement Replacement." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1022, no. 1 (2022): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1022/1/012055.
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Abstract 3D printing concrete is an alternative technology for construction industry that are gaining interest among the developers and contractors worldwide. 3D printing concrete requires a good quality printing material that are buildable, strong and durable to be used as construction material. This present study uses Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as cement material replacement in in 3D printing concrete. Initial investigation was carried out to assess the suitability of RHA as cement replacement by conducting basic cement test such as cement consistency, setting time and workability of the mortar. The amount of RHA was constant at 20% used as cement replacement. From this study, the appropriate water-binder ratio of RHA cement replacement was 0.45:1. As for setting time, the time required for mortar mix to be transport and delivered through the nozzles for 3D printing was achieved by implemented the 20% RHA as cement replacement which are initial time at 155 minutes and final time at 312 minutes. The flowability of the mortar with RHA were found to be printable and achieve the requirements of mortar for 3D printing. Hence, RHA exhibits promising material to be used as cement replacement in 3D printing construction.
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Divya, Pammi, T. Srinivas, and Tummala Mahathi. "Studies on workability and compressive strength of ternary blended concrete." E3S Web of Conferences 391 (2023): 01196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339101196.
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With the increasing infrastructure across the world demand for concrete rising abnormally, to produce concrete, cement is the very vital element which binds the materials together. But primary issue arises to environment by the discharge of harmful gases like CO2, Sulphur etc… at the time of production of cement. A mineral dmixtures, a type of cementitious substance, were employed as a partial or complete replacement for cement to aid with this problem. These materials not only reduced cement usage but also improved the durability of concrete. Partial replacement of cement in concrete is an inventive and elective development material delivered by substance activity of inorganic particles. This paper is mainly focus on compressive strength of a M40 grade Ternary blended concrete made with cement and cementitious materials like Fly ash and Wollastonite. Fly ash is a industrial bi-product materials used as binder material whereas wollastonite is a naturally occurring mineral grounded to fine powder can be exploited as partial replacement to cement. The mix design has been developed for conventional concrete of M40 grade with required workability. It has been observed that the compressive strength is increased slightly and the workability is decresed with partial replacement of cement by Wollastonite in combination of flyash. The workability is decreased with increasing fly ash and wollastonite, but it is in the required range at 50% cement, 30% flyash and 20% wollastonite.
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Wang, De Zhi, Yun Fang Meng, and Yin Yan Zhang. "Mechanical Properties of Concrete Mixed with SiO2 and CaCO3 Nanoparticles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 1233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.1233.
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The split tensile strength and compressive strength of concrete mixed with SiO2and CaCO3nanoparticles have been experimentally studied. SiO2nanoparticles as a partial cement replaced by 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 wt.% and CaCO3nanoparticles by 1.0 and 3.0 wt.% were added partially to concrete. Curing of the specimens has been carried out for 7, 28, 78 and 128 days after casting. SiO2nanoparticle as a partial replacement of cement up to 3.0 wt.% could accelerate formation of CSH gel at the early ages and hence increase the split tensile strength and compressive strength. The optimal replacement level of cement by SiO2nanoparticles for producing concrete with improved strength was set at 2.0 wt.%. CaCO3nanoparticles as a partial replacement of cement up to 3.0 wt.% could consume crystalline Ca(OH)2and accelerate formation of calcium carboaluminate hydrate at the early ages and increase the split tensile strength and compressive strength. The optimal replacement level of cement by CaCO3nanoparticles for producing concrete with improved strength was set at 3.0 wt.%.
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Amat, Roshazita Che, Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim, Nur Liza Rahim, Syakirah Afiza Mohamed, and Foo Hui Yi. "Effects of coal fly ash as partial replacement for cement towards concrete properties." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1369, no. 1 (2024): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1369/1/012031.
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Abstract The use of industrial waste, particularly fly ash (FA), as a substitute for ordinary portland cement (OPC) has gained attention due to global trends promoting the recovery and utilization of waste materials in construction. Previous research has demonstrated that fly ash has the potential to replace cement without compromising the strength of concrete, driving further exploration and validation of this concept. In a study investigating the effects of fly ash replacement in concrete, different percentages of fly ash were used to replace OPC in C25 grade concrete. Various tests were conducted, including X-ray fluorescent (XRF) analysis, sieve analysis, workability test, compression test, and water absorption test, to assess the characteristics, properties of the materials, fresh and hardened concrete. The results indicated that the replacement of FA in cement showed significant effects, with the strength at 12.5 % and 15 % replacements reaching the target strength of pure concrete at both 7 days and 28 days. These findings suggest that fly ash, at these replacement levels, exhibits desirable strength comparable to OPC, making it a viable alternative.
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Yogesh, Nathuji Dhoble*1 &. Sirajuddin Ahmed2. "STUDY ON CEMENTITIOUS PROPERTIES OF STEEL SLAG BY PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES 5, no. 7 (2018): 213–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1310841.
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Steel slag is the byproduct of the basic oxygen furnace and its disposal is cited as the biggest problem. Steel slag of Bokaro steel plant is characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray fluorescence, electron microscope. The composition of the steel slag has the great influence on its cementitious properties. Mortar blocks are prepared with the replacement of cement by 5, 10, 15 and 20 % of steel slag. Cementitious properties of steel slag are checked by normal consistency, initial and final setting time, soundness, compressive strength. Silica modulus suggests that steel slag has significantly less amount of calcium silicate in its composition. The study reveals that fine steel slag can be utilized for cement replacement up to 10% does not show any adverse effect of the early as well as latter strength. Beyond 10% cement replacement would affect the compressive strength achieved after 90 days of curing. The study would help policymakers to adopt steel slag as a resource for partial replacement of cement.
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Bashir, Shahid. "Partial Replacement of Cement with Waste Paper Sludge Ash." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (2021): 1975–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39150.
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Abstract: Cement production is one of the sources that emit carbon dioxide, in addition to deforestation and combustion of fossil fuels also leads to ill effects on environment. The global cement industry accounts for 7% of earth’s greenhouse gas emission. To enhance the environmental effects associated with cement manufacturing and to constantly deplore natural resources, we need to develop other binders to make the concrete industry sustainable. This work offers the option to use waste paper sludge ash as a partial replacement of cement for new concrete. In this study cement in partially replaced as 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by waste paper sludge ash in concrete for M25 mix and tested for compressive strength, tensile strength, water absorption and dry density up to the age of 28days and compared it with conventional concrete, based on the results obtained, it is found that waste paper ash may be used as a cement replacement up to 5% by weight and the particle size is less the 90µm to prevent reduction in workability. Keywords: slump test, Compressive strength, split tensile strength, water absorption test, Waste Paper Sludge Ash Concrete, Workability.
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Modak, Sarika. "Experimental Study of Partial Replacement of Cement by Pozzolanic Materials." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (2023): 2549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52149.
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Abstract: Pozzolanic materials such as ground granulated blast furnace slag i.e. GGBS, Solid waste ash, iron husk, silica fumes, iron slag etc are the most common industrial by-products generated. Some of these waste material shows similar properties/elements as that of cement. So these waste materials can be used in concrete as a partial replacement of cement. So, in this study, the attempt to partially replace the cement by GGBS and solid waste ash is carried out. Here, the cement is partially replaced by different percentage of GGBS (10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) and same for solid waste ash (4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) and the concrete mixes were made along with the control mix concrete. Workability test, compressive strength test etc. are performed on the specimen. From the results, it is observed that the workability of the concrete gets affected due to replacement by GGBS and solid waste ash. The compressive strength of GGBS concrete increases till 20% replacement whereas the compressive strength of solid waste ash concrete increase till 4% replacement. Further that it shows decrease in value. It is concluded that the optimum percentage for partial replacement of cement for GGBS is 20% and for solid waste ash is 4%.
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Patil, Yogendra O., P. N. Patil P.N.Patil, and Dr Arun Kumar Dwivedi. "GGBS as Partial Replacement of OPC in Cement Concrete – An Experimental Study." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 11 (2012): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/nov2013/60.
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