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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Participant of civil relations'

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Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 23 June 2025

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1

Mäkelä, Kyösti. "The European Environment Agency in International Relations - From a Passive Respondent to an Active Participant and Influencer in International Relations." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22291.

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Unlike environmental non-governmental organisations and other knowledge producers, the European Environment Agency (EEA) seems to attract seemingly little academic interests among scholars of international relations. With this in mind, this thesis seeks to discuss how knowledge institutions such as the EEA may be seen as active participants in IR, while simultaneously seeking to extend academic discussion considering the EEA itself. More explicitly, and in order to narrow down its focus, this thesis is driven by a research question: what is the role of the EEA in policymaking and monitoring done by the European Commission? This thesis adopts social constructivism as its theoretical framework while building on data obtained through both a quantitative content analysis and semi-structured interviews. Both of these methods are used to identify as what kind of a knowledge producer the EEA is institutionalised as a part of the policymaking-complex of the Commission. This thesis finds that the EEA is best understood as an autonomous actor in IR which’s role is to legitimise and support environmental policymaking of the Commission rather than function as an active policymaker itself.

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2

Ari, Leman Basak. "Civil-military relations in Turkey /." View online, 2007. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/248/.

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3

Jakaitė, Agnė. "Civil Liability in Precontractual Relations." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20121001_093504-89488.

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This dissertation analyses the application of civil liability in precontractual relations under the Lithuanian civil law. In the general part of the thesis the detailed analysis of precontractual relations’ phase is presented, as well as the genesis of development of precontractual liability and its antagonistic aims are considered. This part concludes with the question of applicable legal regime of civil liability in precontractual relations. The thesis special part is devoted to the analysis of two, under the opinion of the author, the most problematic conditions of precontractual civil liability: the unlawful precontractual actions and the concept of precontractual damage. It is noted that the opposing aims of precontractual liability – ensuring the freedom of negotiations v. keeping the parties’ confidence for the conclusion of contract – will be achieved only when the scope of civil liability in precontractual relations will depend on and will be related with the progress of negotiations. Therefore regardless of negotiations progress and in case when all necessary conditions of the precontractual liability are present, the aggrieved party should be compensated for any kind of negotiations’ costs and any other direct precontractual damages which are not unreasonably high and for which the party had not been taken the risk. In addition, when the negotiations are considered deeply advanced, the aggrieved party should receive the remuneration of indirect damages which should... [to full text]<br>Disertacijoje nagrinėjamas civilinės atsakomybės taikymo esant ikisutartiniams santykiams klausimas Lietuvos civilinėje teisėje. Darbo bendrojoje dalyje yra pateikiama detali ikisutartinių santykių stadijos analizė, nagrinėjama ikisutartinės atsakomybės vertinimo genezė bei jos taikymui keliami specifiniai tikslai, taip pat didelis dėmesys skiriamas ikisutartinei atsakomybei taikytino teisinio rėžimo tyrimui. Disertacijos specialioji dalis skirta dviejų, autorės nuomone, šių dienų teisėje daugiausia klausimų keliančių civilinės atsakomybės ikisutartiniuose santykiuose taikymo sąlygų analizei, tai – neteisėtiems ikisutartiniams veiksmams ir ikisutartinių nuostolių koncepcijai. Darbe pagrindžiama išvada, kad civilinei atsakomybei iki pagrindinės sutarties sudarymo keliami antagonistiniai tikslai – užtikrinti derybų laisvę ir apsaugoti pasitikėjimą sutarties sudarymu – gali būti pasiekti priklausomai nuo derybų pažangos laipsnio taikant nevienodą civilinės atsakomybės apimtį. Todėl teigiama, kad neatsižvelgiant į derybų pažangos laipsnį ir esant ikisutartinės atsakomybės taikymo sąlygų visetui, sąžiningai šaliai turi būti kompensuojami bet kokios rūšies tiesioginiai ikisutartiniai nuostoliai, o toli pažengusių derybų atveju civilinės atsakomybės esant ikisutartiniams santykiams apimtis yra platesnė ir apima prarastos galimybės pinigine verte ribotų netiesioginių nuostolių atlyginimą.

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4

Fekete, Florian. "Civil-military relations : enhancing international security." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Mar%5FFekete.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2003.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, Karen Guttieri. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-70). Also available online.

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5

Berrios, Carlos G. "Civil-Military relations and democratization in Guatemala." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA349823.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1998.<br>"June 1998." Thesis advisor(s):Thomas C. Bruneau, Scott D. Tollefson. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-87). Also available online.

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6

Ormsby, Terence M. "Chile : civil-military relations and democratic consolidation /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA358983.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1998.<br>"December 1998." Thesis advisor(s): Thomas C. Bruneau, Scott D. Tollefson. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-73). Also available online.

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7

Gabriel, Cheley A. "Urban Warrior : breakdown in Civil-Military relations." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA390889.

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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil Military Relations) Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2000.<br>Thesis advisor, Harold A. Trinkunas. Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-167). Also Available online.

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8

Hussaini, Umaru Sanda. "Civil-military relations during Nigeria's second republic." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304720.

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Gabriel, Cheley A. "Urban Warrior: breakdown in Civil-Military relations." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7820.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>It is estimated that by the year 2025, most of the world's population will be located in urban, coastal environments. This knowledge becomes an indicator for the military as to what areas and types of training soldiers will need in preparation for future battles. The United States Marine Corps (USMC) has seen the need to train in actual urban environments in cities across the United States. The USMC conducted one such exercise, Urban Warrior, on March 13, 1999. The city chosen for the exercise was Monterey, California. During this realistic training, the Marines discovered real impediments when organizing the exercise. The problems encountered during this exercise are examples of the impediments that can arise when coordinating with civilian agencies. To overcome potential impediments the Marines found that better coordination could minimize the time and effort required for enhancing civil-military relations. This thesis argues that with better civil-military relations, training exercises, as well as real exercises, which the National Guard will take part, these impediments can be erased or diminished. This thesis concludes that most or all impediments that occurred are preventable by an early, aggressive, and adequately staffed public relations campaign. It concludes further that public relations campaigns should be planned and organized prior to events. This planning and organizing should be conducted on a full-time coordinating and educating basis between military personnel and civilian agencies

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10

Kwok, Jia-Chuan. "Explaining civil-military relations in Southeast Asia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62468.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2010.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-124).<br>Civil-military relations describe the interactions and balance of power between the civilians and the military in a nation state. Due to the organizational apparatus and capacity for forcible coercion that the military possesses, it can be an important determinant on whether a civilian government survives or falls, as well as what policies are formulated and implemented. This thesis analyses Southeast Asian civil-military relations in a comparative perspective. By looking at seven states in the region - Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, Vietnam and Myanmar - it finds a rich diversity of such relations, ranging from situations of civilian control to civil-military partnerships to military control. The thesis therefore aims to answer the question: why has there been this variance in civil-military relations in the region? The thesis first examines briefly the history of civil-military relations theory as well as the history of the seven states mentioned above, building an analytical framework and proposing three alternative explanations for variance. Firstly, it asserts that pre-independence legacies created path dependencies that structure the shape of civil-military relations in the region. Secondly, the thesis argues that the structure of the political party environment mattered and assesses the case studies through indicators of concordance and discordance. Finally, the thesis looks at the presence of military entrepreneurship, asserting that variance depends on military capacity to engage in external business activities and civilian willingness to allow such activities. The thesis concludes by assessing the explanatory power of the three factors above and concluding that a combination of pre-independence legacies and party structure best explains civil-military relations in the region.<br>by Jia-Chuan Kwok.<br>S.M.

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11

Hitrov, Todor Stoyanov. "Civil-Military relations in post-communist countries." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FHitrov.pdf.

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12

Clifford, Andrew C. "Civil Service executive agencies and the transformation of Civil Service employee relations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365736.

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13

Bhimaya, Kotera M. "Civil-military relations : a comparion study of India and Pakistan /." Santa Monica, CA : RAND, 1997. http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs%5Fdissertations/RGSD136/.

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14

Walker, Glenn Ronald. "The evolution of civil-military relations in Vietnam." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA283605.

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Wiranatakusumah, Kisenda. "Civil-military relations in the late Suharto era." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA380032.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, June 2000.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Trinkunas, Harold. "June 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-74). Also available in print.

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Gunnels, Lucas B. "Defying predictions? Chilean civil-military relations since 1990." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FGunnels.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Securities Studies (Western Hemisphere))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Sotomayor Velázquez, Arturo C. ; Second Reader: Trinkunas, Harold A. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 13, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Chile, transition to democracy, civil-military relations, civilian control of the military, democratic consolidation, postauthoritarian transition Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-84). Also available in print.

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Martišienė, Beata. "Civil Aspects of Legal Regulation of Labour Relations." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120629_152523-45022.

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Summary of doctoral dissertation introduces the object, purpose and tasks, the novelty, actuality and originality of the dissertation. As well as this, the methodology, sources and the structure of the dissertation are given. Main conclusions and results of the research are being presented. Finally, the list of scientific publications and personal details about the author of the dissertation are given.<br>Disertacijos santraukoje apibrėžiami darbo objektas, tikslai ir uždaviniai, taip pat mokslinio darbo naujumas, originalumas ir aktualumas. Kartu pateikiami pagrindiniai darbe naudoti metodai ir šaltiniai. Pristatomos pagrindinės ir svarbiausios moksliniame tyrime pasiektos išvados ir ginamieji teiginiai. Galiausiai pateikiama bendra informacija apie disertacijos autorę ir jos mokslinių publikacijų disertacijos tema sąrašas.

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Rittermann, Stephen D. "Civil-Military Relations and militarization in El Salvador." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45243.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>This thesis analyzes the state of Civil-Military Relations and militarization in El Salvador under the leadership of President Mauricio Funes (2009–2014). Civil-Military Relations are examined using the Center for Civil-Military Relations trinity framework—first proposed by Thomas C. Bruneau in the journal Revista Fuerzas Armadas y Sociedad in 2005—which considers effectiveness, efficiency, and democratic civilian control. Militarization is presented in terms of Salvadoran troops in the streets. This thesis presents the linkage of these two phenomena as domestic security policy formation and implementation. The analysis demonstrates that informal Civil-Military Relations have resulted in a largely undemocratic response to El Salvador’s sizeable security challenges. Two cases, in particular, are studied more closely: 1) President Funes’ unique relationship with General David Munguía Payés and 2) the government’s secret design of the 2012 gang truce. This thesis concludes that security policy formation under the Funes administration was haphazardly conducted as an expedient to El Salvador’s security dilemma and resulted in at least a partial democratic breakdown in the processes envisioned by the 1992 peace accords.

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Kimminau, Jon Alan. "Civil-Military Relations and Strategy: Theory and Evidence." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu989004370.

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20

Benamrouche, Farida. "Le code civil dans les relations du travail." Saint-Etienne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STETT070.

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Selon une doctrine classique sans doute encore dominante aujourd'hui, le droit du travai se serait construit pour pallier à l'inaptitude du Code civil à régir adéquatement les rapports entre employeurs et salariés. Le Code civil serait, selon certains, à l'origine de certains maux dont souffrirait le droit du travail et devrait être mis à l'écart à chaque fois que cela est possible. Cependant, paradoxalement, les articles L. 121-1 et L. 120-2 autorisent la participation du Code civil à l'ordonnancement des relations du travail. De plus l'analyse des décisions de justice montre que loin d'être marginales, les manifestations du Code civil en la matière sont à la fois diverses et multiples. En effets, contairement à ce que l'on à pu écrire et à ce que laisse entendre l'article L. 121-1 du code du travail qui vise le "droit commun", les dispositions du droit des obligations ne sont pas seules en cause : le livre premier consacré aux "personnes" est également sollicité ( notamment les articles 7 et 9 du Code civil). Enfin, sur un plan plus théorique, même si le droit du travail est incontestablement doté de règles et de principes qui sont spécifiques, il n'est pas un droit autosuffisant (autonome) et, à ce titre, il a besoin du renfort du Code civil qui fait figure de droit autonome. Cependant, si la contribution du Code civil est possible en la matière c'est le plus souvent parce que les règles "civilistes" subissent des inflexions particulières dans leurs applications aux relations du travail ou reçoivent des exceptions purement prétoriennes. Etudier le jeu du code civil conduit ainsi à démontrer à la fois l'ambivalence des rapports que ce Code entretient avec le droit du travail et la réversibilité de ses techniques. Cette faculté d'adaptation dont font preuve les dispositions du Code civil est riche d'enseignement au niveau de la théorie. Elle montre, d'une part, que le texte du Code civil ne correspond pas forcément à la règle de droit civil et qu'il a une texture ouverte. D'autre part, cette distance entre le texte visé et la solution adoptée en droit du travail au regard de ce texte est également un élément supplémentaire à verser au dossier de l'appréhension non-déontique et instrumentale de la règle de droit<br>According to a conventional doctrine undoubtedly still dominant today, the labour law was said to be created to overcome the incapacity of the civil code to adequately govern employer/employee relations. According to some, the civil code would be behind certain troubles of labour law is suffering from and should be ruled out whenever possible. However, paradoxically, articles L. 121-1 and L. 120-2 allow for the participation of the civil code in putting working relations into order. In addition, this analysis of decisions law shows that far from being marginal, displays of civil code in such matters are both diverse and multiple. Indeed, as opposed to what one may have written and what article L. 121-1 of the labour code aimed at "common law" leads to believe, the provisions of the law of obligations are not the only ones at issue : book one dedicated to "persons" is also concerned (namely articles 7 and 9 of civil code). Finally, more theoretically speaking, although the labour law is undeniably endowed with rules and principles specific to it, it is not a self-sufficient (autonomous) law and, with regard to this, it does need to be backed by the civil code which acts as common law. However, although the contribution of the civil code is possible in this respect, most often this is because the "civilist" rules are subject to specific inflexions in terms of their application to working relations or accommodate purely praetorian exceptions. Studying the civil code game thus makes both the ambivalence of the relations this code maintains with the labour law and the reversibility of its techniques apparent. This facility of adaptation, evidence of which is shown in the provisions of the civil code, is rich in teaching on a theoretical level. On the one hand, it shows the text of the civil code does not necessarily correspond to rule of civil law and that is has an open texture. On the other hand, this distance between the text in view and the solution adopted in labour law with regard to this text is also an additional element to be added to the file of non-deontic and instrumental apprehension of the rule of law

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Akmaldinov, Yevhen. "Development of civil-military relations in independent Ukraine." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Mar%5FAkmaldinov.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2003.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Mikhail Tsypkin, Donald Abenheim. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-82). Also available online.

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Martel, Christine. "Civil-military relations and the anthrax vaccine debate." Thesis, Boston University, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27711.

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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.<br>PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.<br>2031-01-02

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Avila-Goldman, A. P. "Defence and development : a case study of the Philippines." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2016. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10671.

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In the security spectrum, there is a blurring line between defence and development. In both traditional and non-traditional security situations, such as counterinsurgency and natural disasters, the armed forces has been called to respond in ways other than their mandate of physical protection in order to attend to human development needs. How and when this transition of roles happens has been studied and debated. As the main security institution of a country, militaries around the world have performed duties outside of their defence functions. Their tasks have expanded from maintaining peace and order to including nation-building, economic development, the provision of disaster relief, and engaging in efforts to conserve natural resources. Looking at these extra functions, the Philippines armed forces are no different in performing non-traditional roles. The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) is one of the key institutions, which has been at the forefront of the campaign in tackling these domestic challenges. To a certain extent, the mixture of economic activities with combat operations has characterised the military’s different campaigns such as counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency. Involvement in economic functions has been justified on the grounds that it is critical to ‘winning the hearts and minds’ of those living on the front lines, supporting the military’s role in nation-building. The aim of this study is to employ pre-determined metrics to evaluate the contribution of the Philippine defence sector to national development, and, in turn, comprehensive security. Whilst the conventional view is that defence is a burden on development, the question this study poses is whether, by contrast, in the Philippine context, there is a positive relationship between defence and development; that is, that defence expenditure contributes to development outputs such as employment, skill-generation and even infrastructural investment. The study framework is anchored to the following policies: AFP Modernisation Act of 1995, and its subsequent revision, AFP Modernisation Act of 2010, the Internal Peace and Security Plan (IPSP), and the National Security Plan 2011-2016. The framework highlights the important security goals of defence industrialisation, internal security, and non-traditional security. These data were further substantiated and consolidated via archival sources, such as government and company reports, as well as secondary data (e.g. books, journals, etc.). The mission thrusts of the AFP demonstrate the organisation’s multiple objectives to carry out a mandate to protect the state and the people. The Philippines has a very modest defence industry with few companies manufacturing small arms and ammunitions. Its goal is to be self-reliant, however, issues within the Procurement Law prevents this. Meanwhile, the conduct of counter-insurgency efforts through the IPSP allows the AFP unified commands and field units to support government units and agencies in their peace and development programmes. Furthermore, the geographic deployment of military personnel and equipment across the archipelago allows the armed forces to respond in times of disasters. Overall, the armed forces has contributes positively to the national development of the Philippines. To this end, and based on the research finding, a number of important policy recommendations are advanced to raise the effectiveness of the Philippines’ security policies.

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Ozkan, Istemi Faruk. "Plastic interaction relations for hollow structural steel sections." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6088.

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The first part of this study reports an experimental program consisting of six full-scale tests on pipe sections under load combinations of shearing forces, bending moments, and twisting moments. The experimental results agree very well with the predicted failure loads based on recently developed interaction relations. The experimental program establishes the validity of the analytical techniques used to derive the interaction relations for pipe sections. The verified methodology is extended to derive interaction relations for square hollow structural sections under combinations of normal forces, twisting moments, biaxial bending moments, and biaxial shearing forces. Careful consideration is given to the applicability limits of the developed interaction relations. A stress resultant transformation scheme is devised in order to reduce the number of interaction relations from 20 cases to only three fundamental cases.

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Jaouannet, Maëlle. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle d'effecteurs du nématode phytoparasite Meloidogyne incognita participant au succès de l'infection et à la suppression des défenses de l'hôte." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4096.

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Les nématodes à galle, Meloidogyne sp. , phytoparasites biotrophes obligatoires, ont la particularité de maintenir une interaction compatible avec leur hôte durant plusieurs semaines et d’induire la différentiation de cellules parenchymateuses en cellules nourricières leur permettant d’assurer croissance et reproduction. L’interaction plante-Meloidogyne incognita, dont le génome a été récemment séquencé, est un modèle particulièrement intéressant pour comprendre le succès du parasitisme. Les effecteurs du parasitisme, molécules injectées dans le tissu végétal par le stylet du nématode participent au succès du parasitisme. J’ai identifié trois nouveaux effecteurs de M. Incognita spécifiquement exprimés dans les phases précoces de l’interaction. Parmi eux, deux sont des gènes pionniers sans homologue dans les bases de données publiques et un code une métallopeptidase putative. J’ai observé que les deux gènes pionniers, nommés EFF14 et EFF25, étaient adressés dans des compartiments cellulaires différents, respectivement le noyau et le cytoplasme, après expression hétérologue en cellule végétale. L’analyse fonctionnelle d’EFF14 et de la calréticuline Mi-CRT protéine sécrétée dans l’apoplasme du site nourricier, a montré que ces deux effecteurs sont capables de réprimer les défenses basales de la plante. Mon hypothèse est que Mi-CRT agit sur les signaux calciques tandis que EFF14 agit dans le noyau des cellules végétales pour réprimer les défenses de la plante. Il apparaît donc que le nématode sécrète une panoplie d’effecteurs ayant des cibles différentes et agissant dans des compartiments subcellulaires différents pour maintenir son interaction avec la plante<br>Root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne sp. , are obligate biotrophic parasites that maintain a compatible interaction with their host during the 5-8 weeks and induce the differentiation of parenchyma root cells into hypertrophied and polynucleated feeding cells that provide the nematode with the nutrients necessary for development and reproduction. The interaction plant-Meloidogyne incognita, whose genome was recently sequenced, provides a fascinating model for studying fundamental aspects of parasitism success. The nematode effectors produced in the esophageal glands and secreted via the stylet in the plant tissues play a major role in this interaction. I identified in M. Incognita three new effectors specifically expressed during the early steps of the interaction. Among them, two are encoded by pioneer genes with no homolog in databanks and one is a putative metallopeptidase. The two pioneer effectors EFF14 and EFF25 localized respectively in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of tobacco cells after heterologous expression. The calreticulin Mi-CRT, an effector previously identified in the group, is secreted in the apoplasm of giant cells. In this work, the functional analysis of EFF14 and Mi-CRT showed that the two effectors are able to suppress plant basal defenses. The current hypothesis is that Mi-CRT is modulating calcium signaling in the apoplasm whereas EFF14 is active in the nucleus for plant defense suppression. This work provides the first demonstration that a nematode effector is targeted to the nucleus of infected cells and the first functional characterization of plant defense suppression by nematode effectors. This work shows that a panel of effectors active in different compartments of plant cells contributes to the success of infection

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Falkenberg, Thomas. "Civil-military relations and its problems : Germany and Russia /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA333372.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1997.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Moyano, Maria J. "June 1997." Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-138). Also available online.

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Cole, Laura A. "Civil-military relations in Guatemala during the Cerezo presidency." FIU Digital Commons, 1992. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2404.

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In 1986 Guatemala experienced a transition from authoritarian rule. Many issues affected the democratization process, but I argue that an essential aspect was civil- military relations. Thus, the principal question answered in this thesis is: How have civil-military relations determined the extent and nature of transition towards democracy in Guatemala from 1986-1990? Adopting Alfred Stepan’s model to examine civil-military relations, the prerogatives and contestation of the Guatemalan military were examined. Prerogatives exist when the military assumes the right to control an issue, while contestation involves open articulated conflict with civilian government. High military prerogatives and low contestation indicate a situation of unequal civilian accommodation, where civilians do not effectively control the military. Civil-military relations in Guatemala from 1986-1990 reflect a pattern of unequal civilian accommodation. This illustrates the lack of civilian control over the military and continued military dominance of the political system in Guatemala.

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Bennett, David J. "The trinity : a new approach to civil-military relations?" Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Dec%5FBennett.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Bruneau, Thomas C. "December 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 18, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-62). Also available in print.

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Phiri, Mphatso Jones Boti. "Institutional challenges to viable civil-military relations in Malawi." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/08Mar%5FPhiri.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Civil-Military Relations))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2008.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Lawson, Letitia ; Bruneau, Thomas. "March 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on May 5, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-73). Also available in print.

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Aknur, Müge. "Civil-military relations in Turkey : analysis of civilian leaders." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85113.

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This dissertation seeks to contribute to our understanding of the role played by civilian leaders in the consolidation of democracy examining changes in levels of military influence over politics. This study departs from typical military-centric civil-military relations literature by employing a civilian-centric analysis. In particular, it shows how the former's focus on changing levels of internal threat cannot account for variations in the levels of civilian control over the military. The study instead adopts a framework that focuses on the incentive structure of civilian leaders as determined by competitive elections; the political capacity of leaders as reflected in their parliamentary majority, political experience and the effectiveness of their economic policies; and institutional rules, such as the system of government and organization of the parties. The thesis argues that, depending on their incentive structure and political capacity, the civilian leaders will either challenge a politically powerful military or ally with that military by adopting its preference structures. The relevance of this model for understanding civil-military relations in the aftermath of a transition to democracy is explored in the Turkish case by examining the shift from low to high levels of military influence between late 1980s and mid-1990s. The thesis identifies this shift by looking at the incentive structure and the political capacity of two civilian leaders: Prime Minister/President Turgut Ozal and Prime Minister Tansu Ciller.

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Blankshain, Jessica Deighan. "Essays on Interservice Rivalry and American Civil-Military Relations." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11505.

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How does interservice rivalry affect American civil-military relations? In three essays, I develop theoretical propositions about the relationship between interservice rivalry and civil-military outcomes; propose a two-stage model of civil-military interaction surrounding use of force decisions; and investigate the correlates of interservice rivalry with a focus on budget pressure.

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Boldbat, Khasbazaryn. "National Security Council of Mongolia : promoting civil-military relations /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FBoldbat.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Civil-Military Relations))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2004.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Lyman H. Miller, Jeanne K. Giraldo. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60). Also available online.

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Ackroyd, William Stanley. "Descendants of the revolution: Civil-military relations in Mexico." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184317.

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Since its independence, the Latin America has been prone to unstable and military dominated politics. Mexico, however, has proven to be an exception. The purpose of this dissertation, therefore, is to explain Mexico's stability and civilian dominated polity. The dissertation draws upon personal interviews with Mexican and American military officers, Mexican military documents and secondary sources. From these sources four foci, professionalization, social background of military and civilian leaders, civilian political behavior, and extranational influences, appeared to offer the greatest amount of explanation for the Mexican case. Professionalization's impact appears to result from the low level of political efficacy generated by the Mexican military educational system and the inculcation of values encouraging loyalty to civilian institutions. The social background of Mexican officers appears to support the values and norms common to the military institution, including those conducive to civilian domination. The social disparity between the more humble family background of most officers and the higher family social background of civilian politicians also appears to be a factor. The civilians political party system appears to be critical. In a multiparty system, like Brazil, multiple civilian opposition groups, through co-optation, generate corresponding military support groups. Civilian opposition groups with military backing therefore will always be present and represent a potential threat. In a single party dominant system, like Mexico, though, military identification will always be with the government, rather than an opposition political group. Finally, the influences of the United States and Soviet Union do have an impact on Mexican civil-military relations. However, rather than the super powers' manipulating the Mexican military and causing coups supportive of super power foreign policy objectives, Mexico appears to use the super powers' resources and images to stabilize civil-military relations. The importance of this dissertation is that it offers explanations for the difference in behavior between the stable, civilian dominated Mexican model, and the military dominated models found throughout most of the Latin American region. The dissertation also presents new interpretations regarding the relationships between professionalization and political efficacy, and social background and social efficacy.

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Lee, Terence C. "The causes of military insubordination : explaining military organizational behavior in China, Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10742.

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Campbell, Colin. "A social constructivist analysis of civil-military relations : US-Mexican bilateral military relations, 2000-2008." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2008. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/1189/.

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This thesis looks at the nature of civil-military relations in the post-Cold War and the post-9/11 era through the theoretical lens of social constructivism. The study looks at the inter-relationship between the respective civil-military relations and US-Mexican bilateral ties from a constructivist perspective, with the aim of deconstructing the ideational structures of civil-military relations within the state and the state based international system to promote stronger organic structures for civilian control over the state agents of violence. The aim of thesis is to provide a theoretical model to both unite the theoretical rationale for the humanisation, indeed demilitarisation, of security concerns within the Western Hemisphere and in particular the US and Mexico. Hence, creating a novel theoretical model for the understanding and explanation of civil-military and bilateral relations.

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Aniola, Jaroslaw. "Communication in civil-military cooperation." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/07Mar%5FAniola.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Civil-Military Relations))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2007.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Karen Guttieri. "March 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-103). Also available in print.

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Hui, Chiu-kit Eddie, and 許趙傑. "Military professionalism and praetorianism in Thailand and Indonesia." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950280.

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Finocchio, Chris James. "Latin American regional cooperative security : civil-military relations and economic interdependence." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02sep%5FFinocchio.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2002.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Jeanne K. Giraldo, Harold A. Trinkunas. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-71). Also available online.

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Blanchard, Frederick L. "Construction industry organization, labor relations and productivity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12874.

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Molnar, Ferenc. "The horizontal aspect of democratic civil-military relations : the case of Hungary." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FMolnar.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2002.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Thomas Bruneau, Jeffrey W. Knopf. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-71). Also available online.

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41

Rawal, Surendra Singh. "United Nations peacekeeping participation and civil-military relations in troop contributing countries." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FRawal.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Civil-Military Relations))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Sotomayor, Arturo C. ; Kapur, S. Paul. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 21, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Nepal, peacekeeping participation, civil-military relations, United Nations peacekeeping, foreign policy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-95). Also available in print.

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Orlova, Olena. "Orientation des systèmes fiscaux des pays participant à l'euro (L'UEM) vers le fédéralisme fiscal ? : exemplarité de la fiscalité canadienne." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0018.

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Le but de cette recherche est de répondre aux questions suivantes : les systèmes fiscaux des pays participant à l'UEM ont-ils pris l'orientation vers un fédéralisme fiscal à l'UEM et dans ce cas, quelle est la forme de ce fédéralisme fiscal " européen " ? Quel est le degré d'harmonisation fiscale minimum acceptable par les pays de l'UEM ?Nous avons choisi le système fiscal canadien en tant qu'une éventuelle référence pour les pays de participant à l'euro. En nous basant sur les théories du fédéralisme fiscal " conventionnel " et des ZMO nous avons constaté que les obstacles d'ordre économiques, législatif et surtout politique empêchent l'UEM d'avancer sur le chemin du fédéralisme fiscal comme il est présent au Canada. Il s'agit plutôt d'une forme unique de fédéralisme spécifique à l'UEM. Dans ce contexte, les obstacles fiscaux au bon fonctionnement de cette union sont sujets aux nombreuses tentatives d'harmonisation de la part des institutions communautaires. Cette harmonisation se définit par une stagnation et le seul moyen de toucher aux fiscalités des pays de l'UEM reste la " coordination renforcée " prônée par la Commission Européenne<br>The aim of this research is to find the answers to the following questions: do the EMU members' taxation systems take the orientation toward a fiscal federalism? In this case, what kind of federalism will it be? What is the minimal degree of harmonization that EMU members can accept? We have chosen Canadian taxation system as an eventual model for the EMU. In this research based on the theories of “conventional” fiscal federalism and of optimal monetary areas we noted that economical, legal and especially political hindrances prevent the EMU from moving forward a fiscal federalism of Canadian type. Actually, we can observe the existence of a particular form of federalism, “European federalism”, which doesn't take any known form. Fiscal hindrances to the perfect functioning of the EMU are subject to numerous endeavours of harmonization by community institutions. This harmonization is distinguished by a real stagnation and the sole way to modify the EMU members' taxation systems is “strengthening cooperation” advocated by the European Commission

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Matthews, Warren E. "Civil-military relations in Thailand : military autonomy or civilian control? /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FMatthews.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Aurel Croissant, Brian Swanland. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-88). Also available online.

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Cole, Jeffrey S. "Militarism in Mexico : Civil-Military Relations in a transforming society /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA341018.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1997.<br>"December 1997." Thesis advisor(s): Maria Jose Moyano Rasmussen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-92). Also available online.

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Hassan, Rahmat B. Hj. "Civil-military relations : a comparative study between Pakistan and Malaysia /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA378253.

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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations) Naval Postgraduate School, March 2000.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Bruneau, Thomas C. ; Trinkunas., Harold. "March 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-82). Also available online.

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Reinhardt, Markus. "Civil-military relations in the European Union and "Innere Fuehrung"." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FReinhardt.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Europe and Eurasia))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Abenheim, Donald ; Rogalski, Dirk (German Air Force, Visiting Lecturer). "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Civil-military relations, European Union, Innere Fuehrung, European Security and Defense Policy, ESDP, Common Security and Defense Policy, CSDP, citizen in uniform, EU Military Integration. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-69). Also available in print.

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Lahoud, Joe. "The Interaction Between Civil Society & International Relations in Lebanon." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Statsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15345.

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Pilster, Ulrich Hans-Christian Kaspar. "Regime type, civil-military relations, leaders, and multilateral military operations." Thesis, University of Essex, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542347.

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Tuininga, R. Alexander. "THE EMERGING PATTERN OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN ISLAMIST STATES." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/32912.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>The rise of political Islam in the Muslim Middle East is a critical development certain to shape political and social change in the region for decades to come. Political Islam is bound to exert a particularly strong influence on civil-military relations due to the legacy of military dominance of state institutions. Drawing on the reform experiences in Iran, Turkey, and Egypt, this thesis argues that a distinct pattern of civil-military relations is beginning to emerge in which Islamist governments rely on ideology to mobilize and ensure the loyalty of supporters to a degree that clearly distinguishes them from their authoritarian and democratic predecessors. While these Islamist-dominated governments have utilized some democratic control mechanisms in their efforts to expand their control of the government and bring the military under civilian control, this owes more to expediency than to a genuine commitment to democratic reform. Although each Islamist political organization interprets the Islamization of the state differently and some could be considered politically or socially liberal, the primary characteristic of any Islamist political organization is to Islamize the state rather than to democratize ita characteristic that has important implications for how Islamist governments assert their authority over the military.

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Ziebarth, Kurt W. "Civil-military relations in the Soviet Union : poised for conflict." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28029.

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