Relevant bibliographies by topics / Participation, local democracy, development of political participation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Participation, local democracy, development of political participation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Participation, local democracy, development of political participation"

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Cmejrek, J. "Citizens local political participation in the Czech Republic: rural-urban comparison." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 53, No. 1 (January 7, 2008): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/856-agricecon.

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The Velvet Revolution in November 1989 in the former Czechoslovakia opened the way to the renewal of the democratic political system. One of the most visible aspects of the Czech political development consisted in the renewal of the essential functions of elections and political parties. On the local level, however, the political process - as well as in other post-communist countries - continued to be for a long time influenced by the remains of the former centralized system wherein the local administration used to be subjected to the central state power. Municipal elections took hold in these countries, however, the local government remained in the embryonic state and a certain absence of real political and economic decision-making mechanism on the local level continued to show. The public administration in the Czech Republic had to deal with the changes in the administrative division of the state, the split of the Czechoslovak federation as well as the fragmentation of municipalities whose number increased by 50 percent. Decision making mechanisms on the local and regional level were suffering from the incomplete territorial hierarchy of public administration and from the unclear division of power between the state administration and local administration bodies. Only at the end of the 1990s, the public administration in the Czech Republic started to get a more integrated and specific shape. Citizens participation in the political process represents one of the key issues of representative democracy. The contemporary democracy has to face the decrease in voter turnout and the low interest of citizens to assume responsibility within the political process. The spread of democratising process following the fall of the iron curtain should not overshadow the risk of internal weakness of democracy. The solution should be looked for in more responsible citizenship and citizens’ political participation. The degree of political participation is considered (together with political pluralism) to be the key element of representative democracy in general terms, as well as of democratic process on the local and regional level. The objective of this paper is to describe the specifics of citizens local political participation in the Czech Republic and to show the differences between rural and urban areas. The paper concentrates on voting and voter turnout but deals also with other forms of citizens political participation.
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Díaz Orueta, Fernando. "Spain: Local Democracy and Citizen Participation." Space and Polity 10, no. 3 (December 2006): 263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13562570601110666.

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Alonso, Ángel Iglesias, and Roberto Luciano Barbeito. "Does e-participation Influence and Improve Political Decision Making Processes? Evidence From a Local Government." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 14, no. 4 (August 30, 2016): 873–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/14.4.873-891(2016).

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In Local Governments, the quality of representative democracy is also measured by the extent to which demands of citizens and groups influence the agendas of local politicians. In this context, the potential of Internet and the NIT as tools that encourage participation, exchange and deliberation, have not been fully explored by either the local elites or the citizens to foster the discursive and decision-making dimensions of local democracy. But despite the growing importance of e-participation in improving local democracy, it remains unclear to what extent it also contributes to the introduction of new repertoires of action to improve efficiency and quality of local public service provision and, therefore, involving citizens meaningfully in the decision-making process continues to be a challenge. With this in mind and using recent empirical evidence from the current development of e-participation to improve administrative performance in a large city government, intended to enhance not only local democracy but also better decision-making, the paper focus on this gap on research by exploring to what extent e-participation contributes to foster, influence and improve local decision-making.
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Mujib, Ibnu. "Demokratisasi Desa dan Partisipasi Politik: Menurunnya Partisipasi dan Dukungan Warga dalam Pelaksanaan “Politik Lokal” di Bulungan-Pati." Paradigma: Jurnal Filsafat, Sains, Teknologi, dan Sosial Budaya 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33503/paradigma.v23i1.363.

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This study wants to keep track of public participation in responds to development of uncertaintly local democratic. This idea is based on an assumption of declining public participation in the previous elections of 2004. This study tries to observe how the development of democracy at the grassroots level can be influenced by extends political effect for imaging virtually designed and shaped by political pragmatism practices as conducted by the politicians in general. The fndings of this study explained that the democratization at the level of village/local is not understood as an urgent need, therefore the political participation of society is still in the category of “anut grubyuk” participation profess that is not based on the ideals and demands the real political rights of citizenship. The forms of participation are thus precisely met the drying times of democracy itself. It means that the future death of village democratization not only addressed because of the laziness of residents to political participation, but the attitude of the political elite is also partly responsible, especially in negotiating the political choices to rural communities in general.
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Forde, Catherine. "Participatory Democracy or Pseudo-Participation? Local Government Reform in Ireland." Local Government Studies 31, no. 2 (April 2005): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03003930500031934.

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Kalaramadam, Sreevidya. "Presence into Participation and Representation." Journal of South Asian Development 13, no. 1 (March 13, 2018): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973174118757630.

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Over the last two decades, women’s ‘political participation’ has emerged as a major marker of democracy around the world. This is frequently operationalized through the policy of ‘gender quotas’ that seek to enhance women’s presence within national and subnational institutions of governance. Since 1993, India has implemented a large programme of decentralization (panchayati raj) and gender quotas, which enabled more than a million elected women representatives (EWRs) to become part of the political process. This article engages feminist theorizations of gender quotas using the Indian context. While affirming the need for gender quotas for increasing presence of women in politics, it argues that the presence of EWRs in local governance does not easily assure their effective political participation or political representation. This is because of the ‘social embeddedness of policy’ in local contexts. Effective participation and representation depend upon the ‘relative agency’ of EWRs who continually negotiate and construct their political subjectivities within everyday life situations, specifically three processes—patriarchal family relations, caste relations at the workplace and discursively produced marked identities.
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Kersting, Norbert. "Participatory Democracy and Sustainability. Deliberative Democratic Innovation and Its Acceptance by Citizens and German Local Councilors." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 28, 2021): 7214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137214.

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Political participation and sustainability seem to be closely intertwined. In the last few decades it can be shown that the topic of sustainability and ecological interest groups play an important role in citizen engagement, political participation, and democratic innovations at the local level. Using a participatory rhombus model of participatory democracy, different forms of participation and democratic innovations in the representative sphere, in direct democracy, in demonstrative participatory space, and finally in deliberative participatory instruments are important in the decision-making for sustainability policies. Here the paper tries to close the gap in empirical data on the perceptions of citizens and councilors on these participatory instruments. Citizens believe strongly in the importance of elections and referendums, but they extend their political repertoire and start protesting and demanding more deliberative democracy. Councilors positively perceive democratic innovations, and the councilors of the Green Party in particular strongly support new participatory instruments. However, citizens and councilors do not support all instruments in the same way.
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NEWMAN, JANET, MARIAN BARNES, HELEN SULLIVAN, and ANDREW KNOPS. "Public Participation and Collaborative Governance." Journal of Social Policy 33, no. 2 (March 29, 2004): 203–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279403007499.

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This paper draws on the findings of a study within the ESRC's Democracy and Participation Programme. It explores the processes of participation within deliberative forums – such as user panels, youth forums, area based committees – developed as a means of encouraging a more active, participating mode of citizenship and of improving welfare services by making them more responsive to users. Our findings open up a number of issues about constraints on the development of ‘collaborative governance’. To understand these constraints, we suggest, there is need to locate participation initiatives in the context of government policy, to explore ways in which such policy is interpreted and enacted by strategic actors in local organisations and to examine the perceptions of members of deliberative forums themselves. Our findings highlight the constraints on the ‘political opportunity structures’ created by the enhanced policy focus on public participation, and the consequent limits to ‘collaborative governance’. We discuss how governance theory and social movement theory can each contribute to the analysis, but also suggest productive points of engagement through which each of these bodies of theory might enrich the other.
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Ruman, Yustinus Suhardi. "Praktik Demokrasi Pasca-Pemilu di Tingkat Lokal: Preferensi para Aktor Elite dalam Perspektif Teori Pilihan Rasional." Humaniora 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2015): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v6i2.3340.

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Electoral democracy generates the political elites. Because these political elites are born through a democratic process, they are expected to practice their power in accordance to the basic principles of democracy. One of them is to open the opportunity and acces of people to participatie in decision making proceses. Nevertheless, the problem is that the political elites who were elected through electoral democracy tend to close the participation of citizen in policy making process. To analyze how the political elites formulated the policy and what the rationality of the policy was, this article used rational choice theory. Article used secondary data to analyze the problem. Results of the analysis showed that democracy in local level after elections was determined by rationality, preferences, and interests of the political elites. The practices of power of the elites in local level in the context of rational choice theory made opportunity and access for the people obstructed. It then affects the existing development policies reflect only rationality, preferences, and interests of some elites.
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SCHÖNLEITNER, GÜNTHER. "Between Liberal and Participatory Democracy: Tensions and Dilemmas of Leftist Politics in Brazil." Journal of Latin American Studies 38, no. 1 (February 2006): 35–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x05000283.

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Brazil's left, especially the Workers' Party (PT), largely views civil society participation as a means of correcting the shortcomings of liberal democracy, and to break clientelistic politics. This article questions the underlying assumptions that civil society is inherently a pro-democratic force and that participatory arrangements enjoy sufficient autonomy from local power dynamics to democratise state action. Effective participation requires a positive interplay between government commitment, civic virtues, and supportive institutional design. Participatory democracy presupposes a well-functioning representative democracy rather than curing its ills. The article compares four municipal health councils in towns with varying combinations of government commitment and civicness, which highlights a complex interaction of political, civic, and institutional factors that shaped deliberative participation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Participation, local democracy, development of political participation"

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Smith, Antoinette Rachélle. "Democratic transition in South Africa : a case study of the public participation in development planning on local authority level in the West Coast Region." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51672.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The theme of this study is the practice of participatory democracy and its link to local development. The context is the current policy trend to consider the local authority as the core development agent. Governance is seen as a partnership between civil society and local state authority. The mechanism for linking democracy and development is the concept of integrated development planning. This study investigates the integrity of the process of public participation as reflected within integrated development planning. The democratic transition in South Africa forms the backdrop of the study. South Africa, a relatively newly formed democracy, has put legislation, political and social structures in place to support the transformation it intended. The question that remains and that is being researched in this study, is whether the lOP is a sincere attempt on the side of the government to install authentic participation on the part of the local community or is this another scheme for political expediency? The study reflects the transition to democracy on social and political level and on all levels of governance. In the case of local government, it describes the transformation of the role of local government to that of development agent in its jurisdiction of governance. A case study approach is used. The democratic transition in the field of local government and its application in a specific rural development region are selected as case material. The West Coast Development Region, a demarcated development region of the Western Cape, has been chosen as a testing ground for a number of reasons, but most importantly, because this region has taken the lead to implement the newly passed policy of integrated development planning in South Africa. The region also offered the most favorable circumstances for the study as it has been subjected to systematic and sustained development and capacity building inputs from the state since the elections in 1994. These include capacity building of ROP forums and Spatial Development Initiative. An empirical study of the process of public participation within the integrated development planning in this region was done after the first round of the process in 1997/1998. A group administered questiormaire is used to measure the knowledge and attitudes of participants who attended the workshops that were held by the local authority as medium of participation. Two measurements, one at the start of the workshop and one at the end, provided comparable data on changes in attitudes and levels of knowledge. The results indicated definite change in knowledge levels, but did not impact significantly on the attitudes of participants. The findings are presented here and form the basis of a wider study in local democracy and development to be proposed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tema van hierdie studie is die praktyk van deelnemende demokrasie en die verband met plaaslike ontwikkeling. Die konteks is die huidige beleidsrigting wat die plaaslike owerheid as die sentrale ontwikkelingsagent beskou. Regering word gesien as 'n vennootskap tussen die burgerlike gemeenskap en die plaaslike staatsowerheid. Die meganisme om demokrasie en ontwikkeling met mekaar te verbind, is die konsep van geintegreerde ontwikkelingsbeplanning. Hierdie studie ondersoek die integriteit van publieke deelname soos dit manifesteer in geintegreerde ontwikkelingsbeplanning. Die demokratiese transformasie van Suid Afrika vorm die agtergrond van die studie. Suid Afrika, 'n relatief nuutgevormde demokrasie, het wetgewing daar gestel om die voorgenome demokratiese oorgang te ondersteun. Die vraag wat gevra en ondersoek word in hierdie studie, is of die geintegreerde ontwikkelingsbeplanning 'n opregte poging is om ware deelname aan die kant van die gemeenskap te bewerkstellig of is hierdie nog 'n skema vir politieke gewin. Die studie reflekteer die oorgang na 'n demokrasie op sosiale en politieke vlak sowel as in alle vlakke van regering. In die geval van plaaslike regering, word transformasie in die rol van die plaaslike owerheid na die van ontwikkelingsagent in sy regsgebied beskryf. 'n Gevallestudie benadering word gebruik. Die demokratiese oorgang op die gebied van plaaslike regering en die toepassing daarvan in 'n spesifieke ontwikkelingstreek word gebruik as gevallestudiemateriaal. Die Weskus Ontwikkelingstreek, 'n afgebakende ontwikkelingstreek van die Wes-Kaap Provinsie is gekies as toetsingsgebied om verskeie redes. Die belangrikste hiervan is omdat hierdie streek die leiding geneem het om die nuutgeproklameerde wetgewing van geintegreerde ontwikkelingsbeplanning in Suid Afrika te implimenteer. Die streek het ook die mees gunstige omstandighede gebied vir die studie, aangesien dit sedert die 1994 verkiesing onderwerp is aan volgehoue en sistematiese ontwikkelings- en bemagtigende insette deur die staat. Dit sluit onder andere in kapasiteitsbouprogramme vir HOP forums en 'n ruimtelike ontwikkelingsinisiatief. 'n Empiriese studie is gedoen oor die proses van publieke deelname in die ge'integreerde ontwikkelingsbepanning in die streek kort na die voltooiing van die eerste rondte daarvan in 1997/1998. 'n Groepgeadministreerde vraelys is gebruik om die kennis en houdings van deelnemers wat werkswinkels bygewoon het, te toets. Hierdie werkswinkels is deur die plaaslike owerheid gehou as medium van deelname. Twee metings, een aan die begin en een aan die einde van elke werkswinkel is geneem. Dit het vergelykbare data om veranderings in kennis vlakke en houdings aan te dui, gebied. Die resultate het aangedui dat daar defnitiewe veranderings in kennis plaasgevind het, maar dit het nie beduidende verskil gemaak aan houdings van deelnemers nie. Die bevindinge word hier aangebied en vorm die basis van 'n wyer studie in demokrasie en ontwikkeling wat aanbeveel word.
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Liebold, Sebastian, and Sophie Schönfeld. "Mitgestalten vor Ort: Formen und Inhalte politischer Beteiligung in Chemnitz." Universitätsverlag Chemnitz, 2019. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32280.

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Wie beheimatet sich Menschen in einer Stadt fühlen, hängt davon ab, wie politisch eingebunden sie sich begreifen. Die Entstehung von Mitbestimmungsformen in Chemnitz verlief – wie in vielen anderen Städten – nicht reibungslos. Auch die Inhalte variierten über die Jahrhunderte: Wollten die Bürger bis zum Ende der mittelalterlichen Stadtverfassung Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts vor allem über die Besteuerung, die Gerichtsbarkeit und elementare Sicherheitsfragen mitbestimmen, ging es bis 1919 um die Durchsetzung des allgemeinen Wahlrechts, das Frauen einschloss, um sozialen Ausgleich und die großen Infrastrukturprojekte der Gründerzeit. Nach Rückschritten in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus und der DDR bekam Chemnitz mit der Gemeindeordnung Sachsens von 1994 eine freiheitliche Kommunalverfassung, die auch Raum für weitere Neuerungen lässt – wie etwa Einwohnerversammlungen in den Stadtvierteln. Zwischen mehr Mitbestimmung und effizienten Entscheidungen entsteht dabei ein gewisser Gegensatz. Dieses Bändchen bringt die Hintergründe einer aktuellen Debatte auf den Tisch.
Forms and content of political participation in Chemnitz
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Stuurman, Sonwabo Happyboy. "The role of the ward committees as an interface between local government and community: a case study of Makana Municipality." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003080.

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The Ward Committee System was introduced in South Africa in 2001 as a tool to bring government closer to the people and to enhance participatory democracy. The Makana Municipality adopted the system in 2002. Previous research on local government indicates that these structures have not been effective due to the lack of resources to sustain them. This study was interested in furthering such research, using the Makana Municipality as a case study during which unstructured, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with Ward Councillors, Ward Committee Members and Grade 12 learners. The aim of the research was to investigate whether the ward committees did indeed promote the notion of participatory democracy and to what extent grass roots development has been enhanced by this structure of local government. The findings from both the respondents and the observations indicate that, in addition to the lack of resources, the underutilization of the Ward Committee System is a result of the effect of opposing political affiliations within the ward committee system, affiliations that undermine the goal of collaborative decision-making. Whereas the ward committee system is a positive idea, the findings suggest that the government is not supporting these structures by failing to equip the ward committee members with necessary capacities and skills. Therefore, if municipalities are committed to bridging the gap between local government and the community, and are keen to enhance participatory democracy, then capacity building of the ward committees and respect for their role during the decision-making process need to be taken seriously. At present, ward committee members are not influential and active in the decision-making process. In addition, the youth as prospective future ward committee members seemed disillusioned with the notion of participatory democracy, and instead have adopted the mentality that nepotism and corruption, as displayed by those in power, is the only way of governance. This research suggests that the ward committee system, intended to bring government closer to the people, may in fact not only alienate government from the people, but also the people from each other.
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Stanton, John Sebastian. "Democracy in sustainable development : accountability and participation in Britain's local communities." Thesis, Kingston University, 2010. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20288/.

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Pearce, Jenny V. "Participation and democracy in the twenty-first century city." Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5837.

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Golooba-Mutebi, F. "Decentralisation, democracy and development administration in Uganda, 1986-1996 : limits to popular participation." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299458.

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Otero, Johansson Matias. "Political Participation and Development : Operationalizing and testing the correlation between inclusive political institutions and economic development." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-381357.

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the correlation between economic development and inclusive political institutions. Research in the field of development economics highlights the importance of durable institutions for sustained economic growth. Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson propose that we should consider inclusive political institutions are key drivers of economic development, but political inclusion is challenging to measure quantitatively. We investigate novel ways ways to operationalize political inclusion and economic development by using voter turnout as the independent variable while median income acts as the dependent variable to better reflects the living standards of the broad population. Our thesis is that increased voter participation as a percentage of voting age population should correlate to a higher median income. Our bivariate regression shows a clear relationship but low explanatory power since linear regression doesn’t explain significant variations in the data. Multivariate linear regression results show a weaker correlation than expected but explains our data better by highlighting a clear tendency for high income democracies to enjoy high voter turnout whereas low income countries have varied outcomes. A high degree of data variability raises doubts about the validity of comparing voting participation between different political systems.
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Hermanns, Heike Dorothee. "The state of democratic consolidation in Korea decentralisation and participation in local politics 1988-1998 /." Thesis, Boston Spa, U.K. : British Library Document Supply Centre, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.311169.

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Svensson, David. "Lokal demokratiutveckling - En studie om demokratiutvecklingens orsaker och förutsättningar i Hallands kommuner utifrån ett deltagardemokratiskt perspektiv." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1196.

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The aim of this essay is to study the development of democracy in the Halland province, with focus on participating measures. First and foremost to test earlier research about the causes of the development of democracy, which says that the work takes place with obvious variation between the municipalities and that it is caused by economic resources and experienced problems in the democracy. The purpose is also to conduct a general discussion about the conditions and effects of the development.

Thus the method can be characterised as theory consuming because I as far as possible assume the method that has been used in earlier research. Still, my study is limited to the six municipalities of the Halland province and is therefore a study of few cases. One person in each municipality has been interviewed in order to collect a list of all the measures that have been carried out. This material has been analyzed with a variety of variables.

The results points out that neither economic resourses nor experienced problems in the democracy can be considered as satisfactory causes, at least not in these six cases. Instead, the results tell that the incidence of driving forces and real enthusiasts is a better explanation, which together with a well-functioning local government administration are the most important factors for achieving positive effects in the participating democracy.

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Clough-Riquelme, Jane. "Gender, citizenship, and local democracy in Paraguay a comparative analysis of social power and political participation in the central region /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.

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Books on the topic "Participation, local democracy, development of political participation"

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SPRING Centre (Universität Dortmund. Fachbereich Raumplanung), ed. Towards local democracy in Nepal: Power and participation in district development planning. Dortmund: SPRING Centre, Faculty of Spartial Planning, Universität Dortmund, 2006.

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G, Mauricio Betancourt. Planeación y participación: Construyendo la democracia local. Bogotá: Instituto María Cano, 2001.

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1957-, Caldwell Wayne, and Pranis Kay, eds. Doing democracy with circles: Engaging communities in public planning. St. Paul, Minn: Living Justice Press, 2009.

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Ball, Jennifer. Doing democracy with circles: Engaging communities in public planning. St. Paul, Minn: Living Justice Press, 2010.

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Lynam, Siobhán. Democratising local development: The experience of the community sector in its attempts to advance participatory democracy. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

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Küster, Angela. Democracia e sustentabilidade: Experiências no Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil. Fortaleza, Ceará: Fundação Konrad Adenauer, 2003.

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Jonathan, Barker. Street-level democracy: Political settings at the margins of global power. Toronto, Ont: Between the Lines, 1999.

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Kearns, Ian. E-participation in local government. London: Institute of Public Policy Research, 2002.

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Center, EROPA Local Government. Local governance and national development. Tokyo, Japan: EROPA Local Government Center, 1998.

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Participación social en los procesos de desarrollo local. Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco: Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de la Costa, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Participation, local democracy, development of political participation"

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Seland, Idunn, Lihong Huang, Cecilia Arensmeier, Jens Bruun, and Jan Löfström. "Aims of Citizenship Education Across Nordic Countries: Comparing School Principals’ Priorities in Citizenship Education 2009–2016." In IEA Research for Education, 43–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66788-7_3.

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AbstractThe Nordic welfare state has been associated with certain ideas of citizenship, the highlights of which are equal rights, social mobility, democracy, and participation. To better understand how these ideas are interpreted in the educational system, this chapter compares school principals’ prioritization of the aims of civic and citizenship education in four Nordic countries as they are expressed in IEA’s International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS). We discuss our findings in relation to the Nordic model of education, meaning the governance of education epitomizing the Nordic welfare state. When comparing data from the survey of school principals in ICCS 2009 with ICCS 2016, we find a consistent prioritization of promoting students’ critical thinking, while items concerning democratic participation are the lowest priority. While these results are similar to the international sample, the Nordic principals’ support for promoting critical thinking is consistently stronger. In the Nordic welfare state, a shift toward neoliberal policies is seen as an adaption to economic challenges with an emphasis on development of human capital through knowledge, skills, and abilities. However, as critical thinking represents such abilities, this may also be seen as a prerequisite for social critique and political mobilization. We review these possibilities as representations of a break in or a continuation of the traditional ideas of citizenship associated with the Nordic welfare state. We conclude that, for Nordic principals, critical thinking may align with the recent international emphasis on competence while also relating to the concept of Bildung, an 18th-century emancipation ideal with deep roots in the Nordic model of education.
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Frønes, Tove Stjern, Andreas Pettersen, Jelena Radišić, and Nils Buchholtz. "Equity, Equality and Diversity in the Nordic Model of Education—Contributions from Large-Scale Studies." In Equity, Equality and Diversity in the Nordic Model of Education, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61648-9_1.

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AbstractIn education, the ‘Nordic model’ refers to the similarities and shared aims of the education systems developed in the five Nordic countries—Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Sweden and Norway—after World War II. Traditionally, there have always been many similarities and links between the Nordic countries through their historical connections and geographical proximity. The common experience of solidarity and political oppression during World War II also created the basis for a common political orientation in the postwar period, which was also reflected in the education systems during the development of the countries’ economies and their establishment of welfare states. At the same time, this very process has been strongly supported by social-democratic governance in these countries in the 1960s and 1970s (Blossing, Imsen, & Moos, 2014). The model is based on a concept ofEducation for All, where equity, equal opportunities and inclusion are consistently cited as the goal of schooling and orientation (Blossing et al., 2014; Telhaug, Mediås, & Aasen, 2006). This corresponds to the egalitarian idea of a classless society, which is characterised by individual democratic participation, solidarity and mutual respect and appreciation for all. This idea was manifested in, for example, major reallocations of economic resources through the tax systems and free schooling for all, which arose out of the principle that parents’ lack of economic resources should not prevent children from obtaining a good quality education. The equalisation of structural inequalities and creation of equity was—and still is—the task of the education system in the Nordic countries. Worldwide, especially within the Nordic countries, the view is being shared that the education system should be fair and provide access and opportunities for further education, regardless of where someone lives, the status of the parental home, where someone comes from, what ethnic background someone has, what age or gender someone is, what skills one has or whether someone has physical disabilities (Blossing et al., 2014; Quaiser-Pohl, 2013). Some special features of the Nordic system are therefore deeply embedded in the school culture in the countries, for example, through the fact that access to free and public local schools and adapted education is statutory, which is in contrast to many other countries, even other European ones (further developed and discussed in Chap.10.1007/978-3-030-61648-9_2). The Nordic model is widely considered a good example of educational systems that provide equal learning opportunities for all students. Achieving equity, here meaning the creation of fairness, is expressed concretely in political measures to distribute resources equally and strengthen the equality of marginalised groups by removing the barriers to seize educational opportunities, for example, when mixed-ability comprehensive schools are created or the educational system is made inclusive regarding students with special needs (UNESCO, 1994; Wiborg, 2009). Equality is roughly connoted with ‘sameness in treatment’ (Espinoza, 2007), while equity takes further in consideration also the question of how well the requirements of individual needs are met. Thus, the goal of equity is always linked to the concept of justice, provided that an equality of opportunities is created. If, however, one looks at individual educational policy decisions on the creation of educational justice in isolation, one must weigh which concept of equity or equality is present in each case. For example, it is not enough to formally grant equal rights in the education system to disadvantaged groups, but something must also be done actively to ensure that marginalised groups can use and realise this equality. The complexity of the terms becomes even greater when one considers that to achieve equality, measures can be taken that presuppose an unequal distribution of resources or unequal treatment and, therefore, are not fair e.g., when resources are bundled especially for disadvantaged groups and these are given preferential treatment (will be further developed and discussed in Chap.10.1007/978-3-030-61648-9_2). Thus, equality and equity rely on each other and are in a field of tension comprising multiple ideas (Espinoza, 2007).
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Hicks, Janine, and Sithembiso Myeni. "The impact of gender, race and class on women’s political participation in post-apartheid South Africa: challenges for community development." In Class, Inequality and Community Development. Policy Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447322450.003.0007.

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The inclusion of women, and women’s participation in politics has been identified as key prerequisites for the development of an inclusive democracy and the promotion of good governance in post-apartheid South Africa. Yet women still face a series of barriers to their active participation in development policy-making and political processes, barriers that have been compounded by structural inequalities of race and social class. This chapter draws upon a recent study, implemented by the Commission for Gender Equality (CGE), to investigate institutional and structural barriers to women’s full political participation and representation, impacting both on experiences of women in political parties, and on ordinary women’s shaping of development priorities and decision-making at the local level.
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Vakkala, Hanna, and Jaana Leinonen. "Current Features and Developments of Local Governance in Finland." In Open Government, 1849–72. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9860-2.ch085.

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This chapter discusses local governance renewals and the recent development of local democracy in Finland. Due to profound structural reforms, the role of municipalities is changing, which is challenging current local government processes, from management to citizen participation. Nordic local self-government is considered strong, despite of tightening state steering. Ruling reform politics and the increasing amount of service tasks do not fit the idea of active local governance with sufficient latitude for decision-making. To increase process efficiency, electronic services and governance have been developed nationally and locally, and solutions of eDemocracy have been launched to support participation. Developing participative, deliberative democracy during deep renewals creates opportunities but also requires investments, which create and increase variation between municipalities. From the point of view of local democracy, it becomes interesting how strong municipal self-governance and local governance renewals meet and how the role and status of municipalities are changing.
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Aho, Suvi, Juha Hämäläinen, and Arto Salonen. "Community engagement policies in the era of populism: Finland." In Populism, Democracy and Community Development, 187–206. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447353836.003.0011.

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This chapter studies community engagement policies in the era of populism in Finland. Finland, although performing excellently in international comparisons of social cohesion, has seen the steepest decrease in the level of trust in the government among all the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries during the past decade. At the same time, right-wing populist rhetoric has strengthened and the populist movement has established its support in the political spectrum. To transform Finnish democracy, participatory programmes have been created in order to reach out and engage different groups to join community development practices. These efforts stem both from the public authorities and the renewed Finnish Local Government Act of 2017, as well as from projects undertaken by civil society organisations (CSOs). Further, there is a long tradition of building civil society in Finland, which has often been based on the unique Finnish liberal adult education system. Yet growing inequality is currently deepening the polarisation in political participation. The chapter then explores the ways of countering the polarisation and populism by supporting the political capabilities of communities and nurturing deliberative discussion.
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Franzke, Jochen. "Structure of the Local Tiers in Germany." In Comparative Studies and Regionally-Focused Cases Examining Local Governments, 51–70. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0320-0.ch003.

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This chapter analyses basic long-term trends in local governance in Germany in their functional, political, territorial and administrative dimensions. The traditions and legal framework of German local self-government form the starting point of the chapter. Subsequently, the role of the local level in the German federal system and the level of its autonomy are analysed. After that, the most important political-administrative actors in local governance examines, such as councilors, mayors, local administration, local branches of political parties and free voters associations. In describing the long-term trends and challenges in German local politics, special attention is paid to local public management, local democracy and citizen participation. Finally, the chapter ends with a summary of the most important aspects of the development of the municipalities and districts in Germany and with a view towards further reform.
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Pearce, Nick. "Realism and Democratic Renewal." In Whose Government is it?, 21–37. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529200980.003.0002.

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This chapter examines two types of realist challenge to ideas for democratic renewal. The realist political scientists stress the role of irrational, group-based behaviour amongst the electorate, and the capture of democratic processes by powerful and wealthy elites. They see little scope of civic participation reversing the hollowing out of representative democracy and mainstream political parties. On the other hand, realist political theorists focus on practical advice and political action, rather than ideal theory; and are concerned with rhetoric and persuasion, as much as public reason. It is argued that the second type of realist challenge can help us better understand how to advance state-citizen cooperation through practical initiatives such as citizens assemblies, participation in local government, digital democracy, the opening up of political parties; and how these can be supported by applying realist theorists’ insights to the reforming of political institutions, harnessing passion in social activism, and the development of citizenship education.
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"Local participation." In Political Participation and Democracy in Britain, 316–47. Cambridge University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511558726.016.

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Hellsten, Sirkku K. "E-Democracy and E-Economy in Africa." In Global Information Technologies, 2178–95. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-939-7.ch158.

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A new world governance and economy characterised by globalisation has an increasing emphasis on knowledge and knowledge-transfer as the primary driver of economic growth, competitiveness, and participation. The economic, social, and political landscape in which future development will take place has then also changed. All countries, rich and poor, must now reconsider their approach to development to incorporate this new reality. Opportunities exist for poor countries to use information and communication technologies (ICT) to make rapid advances in their economic and political development, but there are also risks that a digital divide might widen the inequality between the “have’s” and “have not’s” across the world. This article focuses on the role of ICT and the development of e-democracy and e-economy in Africa. The chapter will discuss the prospects and problems in enhancing e-democracy and e-economy in Africa by examining global and local obstacles to the access and use of ICT in many African countries. It also discusses whether ICT can empower people locally and regionally to participate more actively in politics, public affairs and economics.
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Leocadia, Diaz Romero. "The Use of Social Media by Local Governments." In Handbook of Research on Civic Engagement and Social Change in Contemporary Society, 294–310. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4197-4.ch017.

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This chapter describes how social media, if correctly used, can enhance cultural, political, economic and social engagement. They also represent key communication tools for administrators to highlight the principles of openness, transparency, and to promote civic engagement. Nowadays, local governments have launched social media strategies. After reviewing necessary categories such as E-Government and E-Democracy, this chapter explores in what ways the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can benefit governance, and foster transparency, participation. The chapter describes contemporary setbacks and challenges officials at the local level which have been encountered in the implementation and development of social media. Finally, it offers an empirical approach of the utilization of ICTs by the Office of the Mayor of New York City and, therefore, describes the portal NYC.gov.
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Conference papers on the topic "Participation, local democracy, development of political participation"

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JAKIMOVSKI, Jorde. "CITIZENS PARTICIPATION IN ADDRESSING LOCAL PROBLEMS: A CASE STUDY OF REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.215.

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The paper discusses the level of satisfaction of the local government performance and certain forms of citizen’s participation in the improvement of the quality of life in the rural communities, such as creating new job positions, improvement of the infrastructure, creating better opportunities for the children, and decreasing of the poverty. Politicians often make big promises before elections while talking about democracy, rule of law and citizens well-being. After their election, however, they forget about the problems of their fellow citizens. Citizens then feel helpless, fall in apathy and hopelessness, and take a distance from politics and the vital questions for their rural community. The paper will show some data related to these issues gathered from a research conducted by the author in 2016 on a representative sample of 640 respondents on the territory of Republic of Macedonia. The research results show the current situation of the citizen’s satisfaction from the local government with respect to the solutions of water supply and sewerage, transport of citizens, opening of new jobs, building of social services facilities, opportunities for culture and recreational activities, and they ways in which the citizens influenced the local government. The results mostly reflect dissatisfaction with the work of the local government in addressing local problems, the underdeveloped mechanism of public participation, low level of human capital in rural local governments and other problems.
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Andika Putra, Agus, David Efendi, Rifki Sanahdi, and Husni Amriyanto. "Democracy and Political Consciousness. Investigating Difabel Toward Political Participation in the 2014 Presidential Election in Yogyakarta, Indonesia." In 2nd International Conference on Social and Political Development (ICOSOP 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icosop-17.2018.26.

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JAROSZ-ANGOWSKA, Aneta, Marek ANGOWSKI, and Tomasz KIJEK. "THE CREATION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL IN RURAL AREAS IN THE LUBELSKIE REGION." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.098.

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Social capital is one of the pillars of sustainable development of rural areas because the modern village needs educated and enterprising people and communities that can adapt quickly to changes and cooperate. The main aim of this article is to evaluate the different components of social capital and attempt to answer the question whether social capital in the rural areas of the Lubelskie Voivodeship differs from the social capital in the urban areas of the region. First, the study quotes the main definitions of social capital by J. Coleman, R. Putnam and F. Fukuyama, and next, separates its components for analysis. The analysis of such components as trust, friendship, cooperation, engagement in activities for the benefit of local community, participation in organisations, obtaining information and the level of communication, participation in elections and the assessment of democracy made it possible to conclude that, in principle, there are no significant differences between social capital in rural and urban areas of the Lubelskie Region, which can be explained by the fact that rural areas are losing its traditional agricultural character, and the mixing of population – the rural population flows into urban areas and the urban population settles in the countryside. The evaluation was conducted on the basis of questionnaire research commissioned by the Marshal Office in Lublin, and carried out on a sample of 1100 residents of the Lubelskie Voivodeship.
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Hampl, Filip. "Local referendum as a tool of direct participation of citizens in the decision-making of municipalities in the Czech Republic." In XXIII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách / 23rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9610-2020-31.

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The local referendum is the only tool of direct democracy in the Czech Republic, allowing citizens to decide on issues falling within the independent competence of municipalities directly. The aim of the paper is to assess the use, voter turnout, binding force, and thematic focus of local referenda as a tool of direct participation of citizens in the decision-making on local issues in the Czech municipalities with respect to their size defined by the population in the period 2006-2019. To fulfil the aim, descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression, classification analysis and correlation analysis have been employed. A total of 288 local referenda were held in the examined period, 193 of them in the municipalities up to 1,999 inhabitants. The results do not indicate a statistically significant relationship between the municipality size and the holding of referenda. On the other hand, the results show a weakly negative correlation relationship between the municipality size and the turnout (the binding force, respectively). The referenda focused on territorial development, environment, alternative sources of power and infrastructure predominate in the municipalities up to 4,999 inhabitants. The referenda on municipal property and public order prevail in the municipalities with 5,000 and more inhabitants.
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Oni, Babatunde. "Addressing the Socio-Economic Concerns of the Niger Delta Host Communities Through Local Content Policy; the Impact of Nigerias Local Participation Policy on Her Investment Climate." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207210-ms.

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Abstract Objective and scope This paper aims to establish that proper resource management and governance within the Nigerian oil and gas industry, more specifically, her local participation policy, which focuses on adequately addressing the social and economic concerns of the host communities in oil producing regions of Nigeria, particularly in the Niger Delta, will ultimately lead to more secure and sustainable economic development and a more attractive investment climate for Nigeria. Methods Procedure, process This research study will employ an analytical approach, more specifically qualitative analysis, in analyzing the interplay between the various factors which have birthed low oil and gas productivity in the Niger delta region of Nigeria and how proper application of Nigeria's local participation policy can influence the circumstances and yield positive result. The research study will rely heavily on available literature and legislative enactments, as well as available case law on the issues concerned. The primary sources in the collection of materials for this paper will comprise of journals, books, and articles which address the relevant research questions guiding the scope of this paper. Results, Observation, conclusion Nigeria's local content policy, just like many other governmental policies in Nigeria, has been criticized as being vulnerable to corruption as a result of the manifest lack of transparency in the Nigerian oil and gas industry, and local content has already been labelled as a potential victim of capture as a result of this dearth in transparency. It is imperative that the broad discretionary powers granted to the local content monitoring board, and the minister of petroleum by the provisions of the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Development Act, be utilized in a manner devoid of parochial ethnic sentiments or political interest, in order for Nigeria to properly take advantage of the economic development benefits provided by the proper implementation of local content policy. The long term benefits of local content policy such as technology transfer, long term fiscal incentives, and the growth of local commerce and industry, will go a long way in setting Nigeria on a plain path to sustainable economic growth and better resource management. It is important that the Nigerian government play its role in driving local content policy by facilitating Nigerian enterprises to take active part in the local content programs, as well as keep tabs and monitor the effectiveness of local content policy in achieving its targets. New or additive information to the industry Proper implementation of Local Content policy in Nigeria will be beneficial, not just for the host communities but for the rest of the country, as well as for all investors in the Nigerian oil and gas industry, by providing thousands of employment opportunities for the locals, as well as providing a much needed technology transfer which will result in a structural transformation of not just the local manufacturing industries in Nigeria but the entire Nigerian oil and gas industry as well; thus addressing a major aspect of the social and economic concerns of the local people, and also giving Nigeria's economy a much needed boost towards achieving sustainable development in her natural resources sector.
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