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Journal articles on the topic 'Participatory rural appraisal – Tanzania'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Magembe, Kija Steven, and Fortunatus B. S. Makonda. "Tree Species Preferred for Wood Fuel in Brick Making in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania." Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/mjmbr.v5i1.445.

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This study aimed at identifying the tree species commonly used in brick making in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania and proposing means for generation of modified energy sources that would cover the full value of forest resource production and consumption. The research approach was two-folds using; Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and quantitative measurements. Results revealed that almost all brick makers in the area used fuelwood as the major energy sources. Nine (9) tree species were used in brick making, namely; Mkarati (Burkea africana), Mlama (Combretum molle), Mbiriti (Senna siamea), Muarobaini (Azadirachta indica) and Mwembe (Mangifera indica). Others were Mkaratusi (Eucalyptus spp), Mchongoma (Pithecellobium dulce) Mjohoro (Senna spectabilis) and Mkrisimasi (Delonix regia). Of these, Mkarati, Mwembe, Mlama and Mbiriti were mostly preferred, though other species were also used insignificantly. Increasing scarcity of some of other tree species meant that deforestation from the nearby forests was a common problem. To reduce deforestation in the area, use of alternative energy sources in brick making such as rice husks and bagasse are recommended. Other recommendations are the establishment of woodlots, practicing agro-forestry systems and intensive afforestation and reforestation programmes for more sustainable fuelwood use.

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Häsler, Barbara, George Msalya, Kristina Roesel, Kimberly Fornace, Mahmoud Eltholth, Anna Sikira, Lusato Kurwijila, Jonathan Rushton, and Delia Grace. "Using participatory rural appraisal to investigate food production, nutrition and safety in the Tanzanian dairy value chain." Global Food Security 20 (March 2019): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2019.01.006.

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3

Msofe, Nangware, Lianxi Sheng, and James Lyimo. "Land Use Change Trends and Their Driving Forces in the Kilombero Valley Floodplain, Southeastern Tanzania." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020505.

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Land use change (LUC) driven by human activities and natural factors has resulted in the global loss of native biodiversity and the alteration of ecological processes and services across different ecosystems. It is thus necessary to analyze the trends and driving factors that influence land use changes. In this study, moderate resolution Landsat images were freely downloaded from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) archives, analyzed using the random forest (RF) algorithm and mapped in ArcGIS 10.2 software to examine the LUC trends from 1990 to 2016 in the Kilombero valley floodplain (KVFP), Tanzania. Participatory rural appraisals (PRA) and household questionnaire surveys were used to assess the potential drivers of LUC. The results show that, from 1990 to 2016, the agricultural land and grassland increased by 11.3% and 13.3%, respectively, while the floodplain wetland area decreased from 4.6% in 1990 to 0.9% in 2016. Based on a questionnaire survey, the intensification of human activities was identified as the proximate driver while population growth, a growing market demand and price incentives for agricultural and forest products coupled with improved infrastructure and biophysical factors such as soil properties, climate variability and terrain characteristics were identified as the underlying drivers of LUC. However, there is interplay among these factors acting simultaneously as well as differently that influence land use changes. Based on these findings, future sustainable land management strategies should include the introduction of the alternative environmentally friendly sources of livelihood, such as beekeeping, the promotion of community participation and education on the importance of sustainable wetland management.

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4

Nchimbi, Amina A., and Liberatus D. Lyimo. "Socioeconomic Determinants of Mangrove Exploitation and Seagrass Degradation in Zanzibar: Implications for Sustainable Development." Journal of Marine Biology 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7684924.

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The concept of “sustainability” has become the current answer to absolving the world of its environmental and economic crises in the 21st century. This paper analyses seven socioeconomic factors (age of household head, household average annual income, marital status of household head, gender of household head, household size, education level of household head, and period of residence of household head) influencing extreme degradation of seagrass and exploitation of mangrove resources in Zanzibar, Tanzania. To accomplish this, Participatory Rural Appraisal approaches and household questionnaire survey were used to obtain information on primary data. Multiple regression analysis and descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data while content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. The findings revealed that all the socioeconomic variables tested were statistically significant (P<0.05) and had an influence on the exploitation of mangrove and degradation of seagrass except gender of the household (P=0.88) and household annual average income (P=0.655), respectively. In addition, statistical analysis revealed that there was significant difference in the mangrove status between the sites (p= 0.0001, χ2 =27.27) with more exploitation at Charawe compared to Kibele village, whereas no significant differences were revealed in the status of seagrass between the two sites (p= 0.2693, χ2 =1.2202). On one hand, the findings revealed that at Kibele and Charawe 60% and 50% practice gleaning, 40% and 55% are engaged in seaweed farming, and 60% and 70% collect bait from seagrass meadows, respectively. All these activities had direct influence on seagrass status. On the other hand, the finding revealed that livelihood needs, population growth, level of education, and lack of alternative source of income are the key drivers to exploitation of coastal natural resources especially mangrove and seagrasses. To ensure sustainable exploitation of coastal resources alternative livelihood activities such as farmed fish, small/petty business, and agriculture activities that are profitable and easy to manage should be introduced to the local coastal community to enhance active participation in conserving resources and improving their livelihood.

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5

LEURS, ROBERT. "Current challenges facing participatory rural appraisal." Public Administration and Development 16, no. 1 (February 1996): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-162x(199602)16:1<57::aid-pad853>3.0.co;2-z.

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6

Berardi, Gigi. "Application of Participatory Rural Appraisal in Alaska." Human Organization 57, no. 4 (December 1998): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.57.4.g1x2j72366n20nl3.

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7

Chambers, Robert. "Participatory rural appraisal (PRA): Analysis of experience." World Development 22, no. 9 (September 1994): 1253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(94)90003-5.

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8

Muhsin, A., S. H. Darpito, and Y. Siswanti. "COMMUNITY-BASED POVERTY ALLEVIATION USING PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL." Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences 78, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2018-06.12.

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9

Loader, R., and L. Amartya. "Participatory Rural Appraisal: extending the research methods base." Agricultural Systems 62, no. 2 (November 1999): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-521x(99)00056-6.

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10

Webber, Lynn M., and R. L. Ison. "Participatory Rural Appraisal Design: Conceptual and process issues." Agricultural Systems 47, no. 1 (January 1995): 107–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-521x(94)p3278-3.

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11

Chambers, Robert. "Participatory rural appraisal (PRA): Challenges, potentials and paradigm." World Development 22, no. 10 (October 1994): 1437–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(94)90030-2.

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12

Chambers, Robert. "The origins and practice of participatory rural appraisal." World Development 22, no. 7 (July 1994): 953–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(94)90141-4.

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13

Campbell, John R. "Participatory Rural Appraisal as Qualitative Research: Distinguishing Methodological Issues from Participatory Claims." Human Organization 60, no. 4 (December 2001): 380–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.60.4.4bgnlmy60fkvq4r2.

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14

Lalhmunmawia and Samares Kumar Das. "Social Structure of Mizo Village: a Participatory Rural Appraisal." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 10, no. 1 (February 7, 2019): 077–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/ijbsm/2019.10.1.1899.

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15

Megayanti, Trias, and Dian Fitria. "PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL IMPLEMENTATION IN IDENTIFYING PUBLIC OPEN SPACE." Journal of Architectural Research and Education 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jare.v2i1.23912.

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. Public open space performs an important role to enhance the quality of community living as well as being beneficial in maintaining the ecosystem. It is also having a prominent role in disaster risk management applied to densely populated settlements. Nevertheless, social awareness about the essential role and utilization of green open space is still a concern. The aim of this paper is to deliberate the result of the river banks potential analysis that serves as a green open space and communal space. This study is conducted by the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) methods, which was carried out in collaboration with the local community group, to asses the potency of green open space at Nagrikaler, Purwakarta Regency, Indonesia. The result shows that community empowerment in optimizing public space, requires a critical awareness process for the local community to maintain environmental sustainability and social interaction. It is also shows the mapping of green open space at the village. The results from this study is being used as guidelines for designing green open spaces with community architecture methods based on the needs of the local community.

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Deka, Amarendra, Jacqueline S. Syiem, S. P. Saikia, and Valensha Surong. "Participatory Rural Appraisal to Detect Childhood Blindness in Community." International Journal of Medicine and Public Health 7, no. 2 (June 5, 2017): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/ijmedph.2017.2.16.

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17

Dwaraki, B., and N. Narayanasamy. "Participatory rural appraisal for a vibrant co-operative sector." Development in Practice 4, no. 1 (January 1994): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/096145249100077511.

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18

Gallardo, Wenresti G., Vincent C. Encena, and Nestor C. Bayona. "Rapid rural appraisal and participatory research in the Philippines." Community Development Journal 30, no. 3 (1995): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/30.3.265.

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19

Rekhis, J., F. Saaidane, M. Laamouri, K. Ben Hamida, W. Mabrouk, and N. Slimane. "Participatory rural appraisal in smallholder dairy systems in Tunisia." Tropical Animal Health and Production 39, no. 8 (September 19, 2007): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-007-9067-4.

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20

Lestari, Mutiara Ayu, Meilanny Budiarti Santoso, and Nandang Mulyana. "PENERAPAN TEKNIK PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA) DALAM MENANGANI PERMASALAHAN SAMPAH." Prosiding Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 7, no. 3 (February 9, 2021): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jppm.v7i3.29752.

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Saat ini sampah sudah menjadi salah satu permasalahan yang sangat kompleks bukan hanya di Indonesia tapi juga di seluruh belahan dunia. Permasalahan sampah yang terjadi di masyarakat tentunya harus melibatkan partisipasi dari masyarakat dalam upaya penggalian informasi dan penyelesaiannya. Teknik Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) menjadi suatu pendekatan dalam proses pemberdayaan masyarakat yang menekankan paritisipasi dan keterlibatan aktif masyarakat dalam kegiatannya. Desa Cikuya RW 15 yang terletak di Kabupaten Bandung, Provinsi Jawa Barat menjadi lokasi yang dipilih untuk pelaksanaan teknik PRA untuk mengetahui potensi dan permasalahan yang ada di wilayah tersebut hingga dilaksanakan program sosialisasi mengenai pentingnya membuang sampah pada tempatnya dan pengadaan tempat sampah di lingkungan RW 15 Desa Cikuya sebagai salah satu upaya menangani permasalahan sampah di daerah tersebut. Pelaksanaan program ini didasarkan pada hasil kegiatan familiarisasi dan assessment yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) bersama masyarakat setempat.

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21

Kim, Jae-Sun, and Il-Kwon Lee. "A Case Study on the Utilization of Participatory Rural Appraisal on Rural Development." Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning 23, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.7851/ksrp.2017.23.2.097.

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22

Rachel, Linde. "Participatory rural appraisal beyond rural settings: A critical assessment from the nongovernmental sector." Knowledge and Policy 10, no. 1-2 (March 1997): 56–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02912487.

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23

Rehman, Atiq-ur. "Shirley A. White et al. The Art of Facilitating Participation: Realising the Power of Grassroots Communication. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1999. Indian Rs 250.00. 367 pages." Pakistan Development Review 38, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 312–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v38i3pp.312-314.

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Participatory development has gained considerable recognition and popularity in recent years as conventional approaches have been unable to tackle the widening disparities between scarce resources and endless needs and shorten the rich-poor gap. Their failure is traced to lack of participation of the beneficiaries. Shirley A. White, the editor of this volume, has used contributions from a number of authors who describe their experience in facilitating participation through its major components. The book is divided into three parts: the Art of Activation, the Art of Technique, and the Art of Building Community. The experiences of the authors are in a variety of areas—from facilitation to synergising participation, from catalyst communication to participatory rural communication appraisal, from participatory research to the participatory action research, from participatory rural appraisal to participatory learning, from the use of statistics in participatory development to use of the Internet and community radio in rural development, from role of women in agriculture to children in participatory research and so on. The book also tells a number of success and failure stories across the continents under world organisations like the USAID, UNDP, FAO, UNICEF, WHO, UNESCO, SIDA and others.

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24

Kalabamu, Faustin T. "An appraisal of strategies for housing improvement in rural Tanzania." Habitat International 9, no. 1 (January 1985): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-3975(85)90035-9.

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25

Hernandez, L. E. A., F. Graef, and H. J. König. "Participatory Impact Assessment of Food Securing Upgrading Strategies in Rural Tanzania." Systemic Practice and Action Research 32, no. 6 (February 23, 2019): 687–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11213-019-09481-0.

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26

Sheikh, Fayaz A., Parvez A. Sofi, M. Nisar Khan, Najeeb R. Sofi, Shabir H. Wani, and M. A. Bhat. "Participatory rural appraisal and farmers’ perception about common bean varieties in temperate Kashmir." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 1256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1351.

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Present investigation was undertaken during 2012 to 2014 in which 54 genotypes, both pole and bush type of Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were selected among a number of germplasm lines, land races and research material in order to generate information on the farmer’s’ perception about the Common bean varieties. Participatory rural appraisal was conducted in 32 villages of Kashmir through a broad questionnaires comprising of questions pertaining to the socio-economic conditions, farming systems, production constraints and varietal preferences of the common bean. The Participatory Rural Appraisal results revealed that common bean is generally grown as a rainfed crop (70 %) and is intercropped with maize/ potato/vegetable and merely as sole crop (20.66 %). Low yielding varieties and diseases (68.27 %) are considered as major challenges in the success of common bean crop, while as red colour with kidney shaped types (50 %) are highly being preferred as a pulse crop. The exercise of Participatory Rural Appraisal was carried out to generate basic information by assessing the need based constraints and devise the target breeding approach, by taking into consideration all constraints and also devise future breeding programme. A successful PRA provides the information needed to specify the characteristic in a new variety regarding its physical environment and the existing varietal diversity. For a breeding program, well applied Participatory Rural Appraisal techniques or customer profiling results in better client orientation and makes possible efficient goal setting or product design. Successful PRA provides everything that could be included in the full design specification of a new crop variety.

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27

Park, Andrew. "Trees, people, food and soil: A case study of participatory development in Malawi." Forestry Chronicle 73, no. 2 (April 1, 1997): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73221-2.

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In rural Malawi, rapid population growth has contributed to deforestation, land and other chronic resource scarcities. In 1995, a team of Canadian graduate students and Malawian extension workers investigated and attempted to find solutions to specific local resource scarcities. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) was used to assess total resource supply, evaluate food security and gender issues, facilitate village fuelwood action plan and inquire into the non-adoption of a tree nursery scheme. This article relates the team's experiences and insights against reviews of the history of forestry in Malawi, recent initiatives in forestry extension, and the current condition of Malawi's indigenous woodlands. It is concluded that villagers are willing to plant trees provided their costs are minimized and maize production is not compromised. Key words: Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), participatory development, refugee affected areas, deforestation; indigenous trees, fuelwood

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28

Mashudi, Mashudi, Luluk Fauziah, and Isna Fitria Agustina. "Poverty Alleviation Based On Participatory Rural Appraisal- (Pra) In Sidoarjo Regency." MIMBAR : Jurnal Sosial dan Pembangunan 34, no. 1 (June 19, 2018): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v34i1.3168.

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Poverty with its entire dimension has a destructive effect due to social, economy, safety, legal, and political instabilities. This research design is a combination of qualitative descriptive and confirmatory exploration. The research variable is derived from Empowerment and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) which is the designation of a competitive and sustainable empowerment management scheme. Poverty alleviation which consists of social support and protection for poor household to the empowerment of small and micro businesss has two characteristics, namely rescue and recovery. The rescue characteristic is a short-term effort to save the poor household due to the rise of fuel price, while the recovery is a long-term ones. There are problems in poverty alleviation which focuses on the empowerment and lack of engagement from local people. An increase in growth rate should increase the income per capita which will solve the problem of unemployment, poverty, and imbalance of income distribution. On the contrary, the real situation shows different fact that the increase of economic growth causes an increase of unemployment rate along with more gap in poverty and income distribution.

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29

Motteux, Nicole, Tony Binns, Etienne Nel, and Kate Rowntree. "Empowerment for development: Taking participatory appraisal further in rural South Africa." Development in Practice 9, no. 3 (May 1999): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614529953007.

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30

Maalim, A. D. "Participatory rural appraisal techniques in disenfranchised communities: a Kenyan case study." International Nursing Review 53, no. 3 (September 2006): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-7657.2006.00489.x.

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31

KATOLE, R. T., U. R. CHINCHMALATPURE, and G. B. MORE. "Identification of agricultural problems of village using participatory rural appraisal technique." AGRICULTURE UPDATE 10, no. 3 (August 15, 2015): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/au/10.3/206-210.

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32

Cornwall, Andrea, and Garett Pratt. "The use and abuse of participatory rural appraisal: reflections from practice." Agriculture and Human Values 28, no. 2 (February 22, 2010): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10460-010-9262-1.

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33

Khoryanton, A., P. Pratikto, S. Suparman, and P. B. Santoso. "Participatory rural appraisal strategy in realizing the standardization of ship components." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1108, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1108/1/012048.

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34

Balgah, Roland. "Applying Participatory Rural Appraisal to Unlock Gender Group Differences in Some Communities in Rural Cameroon." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 12, no. 3 (January 10, 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2016/28327.

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35

Dooley, Kim E., Catherine Dobbins, and Leslie D. Edgar. "Using Participatory Rural Appraisal for a Community Needs Assessment in Timor-Leste." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 25, no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2018.25405.

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Conducting timely and effective needs assessments in the field is important for international development work. In many cases, a researcher has only a couple of hours to build rapport with a community, visually examine the state of the field, and conduct the needs assessment and achieve open, honest, and valid data. Working with translators further constrains the process by cutting available time. Thus, research focused on conducting these types of international assessments is valuable. This study aimed to identify the key needs of the Fatubesi community in Timor-Leste using a combination of techniques for Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)—a transect walk and a small group discussion that included guided questions and ranking priorities. PRA is context specific and emphasizes facilitation of co-learning between local knowledge and outside expertise (Toness, 2005). Water, new fencing, and technical training/seeds were identified as the top three priorities for the community and their gardens, and the transect walk revealed issues with infrastructure that provided visual context for the small group discussion. The results of this study reflect the unique challenges faced by many communities in international development settings. The techniques described in this article are beneficial when used together for PRA to shift roles from expert facilitator to local empowerment.

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Singh, Gobinder, Vijay Kumar, K. R. Sharma, Angrej Singh, Tejbir Singh Buttar, Raj Kumar Gupta, Gowhar Mir, and Ajay Kumar. "Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Approach for Watershed Management in India: A review." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6, no. 7 (July 10, 2017): 1924–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.607.229.

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37

Hogan, Christine. "“Water buffaloes get bewitched”: observations of a participatory rural appraisal training workshop." Empowerment in Organizations 4, no. 1 (March 1996): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09684899610111061.

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38

Torres, Rebecca Maria, and Lindsey Carte. "Community participatory appraisal in migration research: connecting neoliberalism, rural restructuring and mobility." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 39, no. 1 (July 26, 2013): 140–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tran.12019.

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39

Stadler, Jonathan. "Development, research and participation: Towards a critique of participatory rural appraisal methods." Development Southern Africa 12, no. 6 (December 1995): 805–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768359508439858.

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40

Aslikhah. "Sinergitas Program Matoanisasi Pada Masyarakat Desa Gunting Melalui Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)." SOEROPATI 2, no. 1 (November 23, 2019): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35891/js.v2i1.1779.

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To Sukorejo The City of Matoa, Sukorejo subdistrict always distributes Matoa tree seedlings from year to year, which is spread in 19 villages, one of which is the Scissors village which is the first ring in spreading Matoa tree seedlings. However, Gunting villagers still do not know more about the types or benefits of these Matoa trees and fruits. This program takes the theme of entrepreneurship which will be implemented in Gunting village of Sukorejo Sub-district of Pasuruan Regency using the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method. The purpose of this program is to increase the understanding of Gunting village community on the use of Matoa trees and fruits so that they have high economic value. The results of this program are the community ranging from adults to children more familiar with Matoa fruit and Matoa trees, as well as variants of products from processed Matoa fruit. In addition to these results, this assistance also resulted in an attractive way of packaging products, as well as an understanding of the procedures for obtaining products that have SNI standards

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41

Indrizal, Edi. "PENGKAJIAN KEADAAN PERDESAAN SECARA PARTISIPATIF PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA): SUATU PENGANTAR PENGENALANNYA." Jurnal Antropologi: Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya 15, no. 2 (March 27, 2014): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jantro.v15i2.5.

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42

Indrizal, Edi. "PENGKAJIAN KEADAAN PERDESAAN SECARA PARTISIPATIF PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA): SUATU PENGANTAR PENGENALANNYA." Jurnal Antropologi: Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya 15, no. 2 (March 27, 2014): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jantro.v15.n2.p39-49.2013.

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43

Olawepo, Raphael Abiodun. "Using Participatory Rural Appraisal to explore coastal fishing in Badagry villages, Nigeria." Environmentalist 28, no. 2 (November 20, 2007): 108–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10669-007-9052-5.

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44

Solano Lara, Citlal, Antonio Fernández Crispín, and María Concepción López Téllez. "Participatory rural appraisal as an educational tool to empower sustainable community processes." Journal of Cleaner Production 172 (January 2018): 4254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.072.

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45

Ison, R. L., and P. R. Ampt. "Rapid rural appraisal: A participatory problem formulation method relevant to Australian agriculture." Agricultural Systems 38, no. 4 (January 1992): 363–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-521x(92)90029-n.

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Astari, Naura Mutia, and Vita Efelina. "PENERAPAN METODE PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA) PADA SUSU KEDELAI DI DESA KUTAGANDOK." INTEGRITAS : Jurnal Pengabdian 5, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.36841/integritas.v5i1.919.

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Stunting pada anak masih menjadi masalah besar di Indonesia, berdasarkan pantauan status gizi (PSG) tahun 2017 bahwa 29,6% kasus stunting, diatas ketetapan WHO (20%). Faktor penyebab kasus Stunting pada balita sering di kaitkan dengan factor kemiskinan termasuk gizi, kesehatan, sanitasi dan lingkungan. Desa Kutagandok merupakan desa yang mengalami gizi krosnis atau stunting, salah satu upaya masyarakat desa dengan memberikan asupan gizi melalui susu kedelai. Susu kedelai memiliki gizi yang baik dapat dijadikan alternatif dari susu sapi karena memiliki kandungan protein yang hampir setara. Selain itu susu kedelai memiliki potensi yang memiliki harga nilai jual, oleh karena itu produk susu kedelai dijadikan sebagai produk UMKM Desa Kutagandok, upaya ini dapat meminimalisir stunting dan meningkatakan perkekonomian masyarakat desa. Berbagai program pemerintah maupun non pemerintah mengupayakan peningkatan perokonomian masyarakat, salah satunya Program Hibah Bina Desa (PHBD). Tujuan pada program hibah bina desa yaitu menjadikan produk susu kedelai menjadi produk UMKM, dengan harapan dapat meningkatkan pemasukan masyarakat desa. Untuk dapat mencapai tujuan digunakan metode pelaksanaan dengan pendekatan Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) yang merupakan pendekatan yang mengedepankan hasil perumusan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dalam penyelenggaraan program.

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Versfeld, D. B. "Participatory catchment management — an opportunity for Southern Africa." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 5-6 (September 1, 1995): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0585.

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South Africa has hundreds of thousands of hectares of heavily populated and badly degraded landscapes. Past attempts at land management have been either through avoidance or the top-down imposition of “betterment” schemes. Participatory methods offer a new opportunity for communities living within these catchments to share their knowledge and to become involved in planning and implementing the management process. This paper discusses the use of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) in a catchment rehabilitation programme in rural KwaZulu/Natal, the lessons learnt and the prospects for wider application.

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King, Brian H. "Towards a Participatory GIS: Evaluating Case Studies of Participatory Rural Appraisal and GIS in the Developing World." Cartography and Geographic Information Science 29, no. 1 (January 2002): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304002782064565.

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Awa, Awa Julius. "Participatory Approach in Project Management and Developement in Developing Countries." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 6, no. 2 (June 10, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v6i2.p23-26.

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Community development and management in most developing countries especially in Africa has been retarded because the main participants which are the local people have been left out or neglected in the implementation of developmental projects by either governments or some developmental agencies Whereas, participatory approach is a method of conceiving projects in which all the stake holders have a say in decision making which has greatly been the canker-worm of developing countries. They are various types of participatory approaches which may include Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA), Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Participatory Assessment Monitoring and Evaluation (PAME) which could be analyzed as appropriate approach in realizing Community’s effort in developing countries and stresses the need for integration, participation and empowerment. With the application of these principles, the integration of various stake holders will enhances cross ‘sectoral’ harmonization of developmental objectives as well as increased coordination between agencies involved in the developmental process. Participation on its part gives the opportunity for consultation with those most directly affected which most at times are rural dwellers in developing countries; hence increasing the level of involvement of local people in the development process (Storey, 1999) and gives community members to take part in identifying priority areas, decision making and vulnerable groups to participate effectively in community development.

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Menconi, Maria Elena, David Grohmann, and Claudia Mancinelli. "European farmers and participatory rural appraisal: A systematic literature review on experiences to optimize rural development." Land Use Policy 60 (January 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.10.007.

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