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Journal articles on the topic 'Particle cloud modeling'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 March 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Grabowski, Wojciech W., Hugh Morrison, Shin-Ichiro Shima, Gustavo C. Abade, Piotr Dziekan, and Hanna Pawlowska. "Modeling of Cloud Microphysics: Can We Do Better?" Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 100, no. 4 (2019): 655–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0005.1.

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Abstract Representation of cloud microphysics is a key aspect of simulating clouds. From the early days of cloud modeling, numerical models have relied on an Eulerian approach for all cloud and thermodynamic and microphysics variables. Over time the sophistication of microphysics schemes has steadily increased, from simple representations of bulk masses of cloud and rain in each grid cell, to including different ice particle types and bulk hydrometeor concentrations, to complex schemes referred to as bin or spectral schemes that explicitly evolve the hydrometeor size distributions within each

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2

Chen, Julong, Bin Wang, Rundong Gan, Xuepeng Mou, Shiping Yang, and Ling Tan. "Multi-Level Particle System Modeling Algorithm with WRF." Atmosphere 16, no. 5 (2025): 571. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16050571.

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In the fields of meteorological simulation and computer graphics, precise simulation of clouds has been a recent research hotspot. The existing cloud modeling methods often ignore the differentiated characteristics of cloud layers at different heights, and suffer from high computational costs under long-range conditions, making them unsuitable for large-scale scenes. Therefore, we propose a multi-level particle system 3D cloud modeling algorithm based on the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF), which combines particle weight adjustment with a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) fee

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Russell, Lynn M., Armin Sorooshian, John H. Seinfeld, et al. "Eastern Pacific Emitted Aerosol Cloud Experiment." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 94, no. 5 (2013): 709–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-12-00015.1.

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Aerosol–cloud–radiation interactions are widely held to be the largest single source of uncertainty in climate model projections of future radiative forcing due to increasing anthropogenic emissions. The underlying causes of this uncertainty among modeled predictions of climate are the gaps in our fundamental understanding of cloud processes. There has been significant progress with both observations and models in addressing these important questions but quantifying them correctly is nontrivial, thus limiting our ability to represent them in global climate models. The Eastern Pacific Emitted A

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Annamalai, K., S. Ramalingam, T. Dahdah, and D. Chi. "Group Combustion of a Cylindrical Cloud of Char/Carbon Particles." Journal of Heat Transfer 110, no. 1 (1988): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3250451.

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Extensive experiments were carried out in the past in order to obtain kinetics data on the pyrolysis of coal particles and the char reactions. The literature survey distinctively reveals two kinds of studies: (i) Individual Particle Combustion (IPC) and (ii) Combustion of Particle Streams or Clouds. The experimental data obtained with particle streams are normally interpreted using IPC models with the a priori assumption that the cloud is dilute. But the term “dilute” is rarely quantified and justified considering the collective behavior of a cloud of particles. The group combustion model acco

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Twohy, C. H., J. R. Anderson, D. W. Toohey, et al. "Impacts of aerosol particles on the microphysical and radiative properties of stratocumulus clouds over the Southeast Pacific ocean." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 8 (2012): 19715–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-19715-2012.

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Abstract. The Southeast Pacific Ocean is covered by the world's largest stratocumulus cloud layer, which has a strong impact on ocean temperatures and climate in the region. The effect of anthropogenic sources of aerosol particles such as power plants, urban pollution and smelters on the stratocumulus deck was investigated during the VOCALS field experiment. Aerosol measurements below and above cloud were made with a ultra-high sensitivity aerosol spectrometer and analytical electron microscopy. In addition to more standard in-cloud measurements, droplets were collected and evaporated using a

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Twohy, C. H., J. R. Anderson, D. W. Toohey, et al. "Impacts of aerosol particles on the microphysical and radiative properties of stratocumulus clouds over the southeast Pacific Ocean." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 5 (2013): 2541–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2541-2013.

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Abstract. The southeast Pacific Ocean is covered by the world's largest stratocumulus cloud layer, which has a strong impact on ocean temperatures and climate in the region. The effect of anthropogenic sources of aerosol particles on the stratocumulus deck was investigated during the VOCALS field experiment. Aerosol measurements below and above cloud were made with a ultra-high sensitivity aerosol spectrometer and analytical electron microscopy. In addition to more standard in-cloud measurements, droplets were collected and evaporated using a counterflow virtual impactor (CVI), and the non-vol

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Moharreri, A., L. Craig, P. Dubey, D. C. Rogers, and S. Dhaniyala. "Aircraft testing of the new Blunt-body Aerosol Sampler (BASE)." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 9 (2014): 3085–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3085-2014.

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Abstract. There is limited understanding of the role of aerosols in the formation and modification of clouds, partly due to inadequate data on such systems. Aircraft-based aerosol measurements in the presence of cloud particles have proven to be challenging because of the problem of cloud droplet/ice particle shatter and the generation of secondary artifact particles that contaminate aerosol samples. Recently, the design of a new aircraft inlet, called the Blunt-body Aerosol Sampler (BASE), which enables sampling of interstitial aerosol particles, was introduced. Numerical modeling results and

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8

Abdelmonem, A., M. Schnaiter, P. Amsler, E. Hesse, J. Meyer, and T. Leisner. "First correlated measurements of the shape and light scattering properties of cloud particles using the new Particle Habit Imaging and Polar Scattering (PHIPS) probe." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 4, no. 10 (2011): 2125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-2125-2011.

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Abstract. Studying the radiative impact of cirrus clouds requires knowledge of the relationship between their microphysics and the single scattering properties of cloud particles. Usually, this relationship is obtained by modeling the optical scattering properties from in situ measurements of ice crystal size distributions. The measured size distribution and the assumed particle shape might be erroneous in case of non-spherical ice particles. We present here a novel optical sensor (the Particle Habit Imaging and Polar Scattering probe, PHIPS) designed to measure simultaneously the 3-D morpholo

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9

Chen, Huajun, Yitung Chen, Hsuan-Tsung Hsieh, and Nathan Siegel. "Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Gas-Particle Flow Within a Solid-Particle Solar Receiver." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 2 (2006): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2716418.

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A detailed three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis on gas-particle flow and heat transfer inside a solid-particle solar receiver, which utilizes free-falling particles for direct absorption of concentrated solar radiation, is presented. The two-way coupled Euler-Lagrange method is implemented and includes the exchange of heat and momentum between the gas phase and solid particles. A two-band discrete ordinate method is included to investigate radiation heat transfer within the particle cloud and between the cloud and the internal surfaces of the receiver. The direct illum

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10

Luo, Qing, Bingqi Yi, and Lei Bi. "Sensitivity of Mixed-Phase Cloud Optical Properties to Cloud Particle Model and Microphysical Factors at Wavelengths from 0.2 to 100 µm." Remote Sensing 13, no. 12 (2021): 2330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13122330.

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The representation of mixed-phase cloud optical properties in models is a critical problem in cloud modeling studies. Ice and liquid water co-existing in a cloud layer result in significantly different cloud optical properties from those of liquid water and ice clouds. However, it is not clear as to how mixed-phase cloud optical properties are affected by various microphysical factors, including the effective particle size, ice volume fraction, and ice particle shape. In this paper, the optical properties (extinction efficiency, scattering efficiency, single scattering albedo, and asymmetry fa

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11

Abdelmonem, A., M. Schnaiter, P. Amsler, E. Hesse, J. Meyer, and T. Leisner. "First correlated measurements of the shape and scattering properties of cloud particles using the new Particle Habit Imaging and Polar Scattering (PHIPS) probe." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 4, no. 3 (2011): 2883–930. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-2883-2011.

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Abstract. Studying the radiative impact of cirrus clouds requires the knowledge of the link between their microphysics and the single scattering properties of the cloud particles. Usually, this link is created by modeling the optical scattering properties from in situ measurements of ice crystal size distributions. The measured size distribution and the assumed particle shape might be erroneous in case of non-spherical ice particles. We present here a novel optical sensor (the Particle Habit Imaging and Polar Scattering probe, PHIPS) designed to measure the 3-D morphology and the corresponding

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Sun, Jiming, Parisa A. Ariya, Henry G. Leighton, and Man Kong Yau. "Modeling Study of Ice Formation in Warm-Based Precipitating Shallow Cumulus Clouds." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 11 (2012): 3315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0344.1.

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Abstract Observations of large concentrations of ice particles in the dissipating stage of warm-based precipitating shallow cumulus clouds point to the limitations of scientists’ understanding of the physics of such clouds and the possible role of cloud dynamics. The most commonly accepted mechanisms of ice splinter production in the riming process have limitations to properly explain the rapid production of ice bursts. A more detailed description of the temporal and spatial evolution of hydrometeors and their interaction with cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei is needed to understand th

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13

Waquet, F., C. Cornet, J. L. Deuzé, et al. "Retrieval of aerosol microphysical and optical properties above liquid clouds from POLDER/PARASOL polarization measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6, no. 4 (2013): 991–1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-991-2013.

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Abstract. Most of the current aerosol retrievals from passive sensors are restricted to cloud-free scenes, which strongly reduces our ability to monitor the aerosol properties at a global scale and to estimate their radiative forcing. The presence of aerosol above clouds (AAC) affects the polarized light reflected by the cloud layer, as shown by the spaceborne measurements provided by the POlarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectances (POLDER) instrument on the PARASOL satellite. In a previous work, a first retrieval method was developed for AAC scenes and evaluated for biomass-burning

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14

Moharreri, A., L. Craig, P. Dubey, D. C. Rogers, and S. Dhaniyala. "Aircraft testing of the new Blunt-body Aerosol Sampler (BASE)." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 3 (2014): 2663–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-2663-2014.

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Abstract. There is limited understanding of aerosol role in the formation and modification of clouds partly due to inadequate data on such systems. Aircraft-based aerosol measurements in the presence of cloud particles has proven to be challenging because of the problem of cloud-droplet/ice-particle shatter and the generation of secondary artifact particles that contaminate aerosol samples. Recently, design of a new aircraft inlet, called the blunt-body aerosol sampler (BASE), which enables sampling of interstitial aerosol particles, was introduced. Numerical modeling results and laboratory te

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15

Shima, Shin-ichiro, Yousuke Sato, Akihiro Hashimoto, and Ryohei Misumi. "Predicting the morphology of ice particles in deep convection using the super-droplet method: development and evaluation of SCALE-SDM 0.2.5-2.2.0, -2.2.1, and -2.2.2." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 9 (2020): 4107–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4107-2020.

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Abstract. The super-droplet method (SDM) is a particle-based numerical scheme that enables accurate cloud microphysics simulation with lower computational demand than multi-dimensional bin schemes. Using SDM, a detailed numerical model of mixed-phase clouds is developed in which ice morphologies are explicitly predicted without assuming ice categories or mass–dimension relationships. Ice particles are approximated using porous spheroids. The elementary cloud microphysics processes considered are advection and sedimentation; immersion/condensation and homogeneous freezing; melting; condensation

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16

Kiliani, J., G. Baumgarten, F. J. Lübken, and U. Berger. "Impact of particle shape on the morphology of noctilucent clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 11 (2015): 16019–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-16019-2015.

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Abstract. Noctilucent clouds (NLC) occur during summer in the polar region at altitudes around 83 km. They consist of ice particles with a typical size around 50 nm. The shape of NLC particles is less well known, but important both for interpreting optical measurements and modeling ice cloud characteristics. In this paper, NLC modeling is adapted to use cylindrical instead of spherical particle shape. The optical properties of the resulting ice clouds are compared directly to NLC 3-color measurements by the ALOMAR RMR-Lidar between 1998 and 2014. Shape distributions including both needle- and

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17

Fierce, Laura, Nicole Riemer, and Tami C. Bond. "Toward Reduced Representation of Mixing State for Simulating Aerosol Effects on Climate." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 98, no. 5 (2017): 971–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-16-0028.1.

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Abstract Atmospheric aerosols affect Earth’s energy budget, and hence its climate, by scattering and absorbing solar radiation and by altering the radiative properties and the lifetime of clouds. These two major aerosol effects depend on the optical properties and the cloud-nucleating ability of individual particles, which, in turn, depend on the distribution of components among individual particles, termed the “aerosol mixing state.” Global models have moved toward including aerosol schemes to represent the evolution of particle characteristics, but individual particle properties cannot be re

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18

Mehdizadeh, Ghazal, Ehsan Erfani, Frank McDonough, and Farnaz Hosseinpour. "Quantifying the Influence of Cloud Seeding on Ice Particle Growth and Snowfall Through Idealized Microphysical Modeling." Atmosphere 15, no. 12 (2024): 1460. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15121460.

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Cloud seeding is a weather modification technique for enhancing precipitation in arid and semi-arid regions, including the Western U.S. However, designing an optimal cloud seeding operation based on comprehensive evaluation metrics, such as seeding agent dispersion and atmospheric conditions, has yet to be thoroughly explored for this region. This study investigated the impacts of cloud seeding, particularly utilizing silver iodide, on ice particle growth within clouds through numerical modeling. By leveraging the Snow Growth Model for Rimed Snowfall (SGMR), the microphysical processes involve

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Lacher, Larissa, Hans-Christian Clemen, Xiaoli Shen, et al. "Sources and nature of ice-nucleating particles in the free troposphere at Jungfraujoch in winter 2017." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 22 (2021): 16925–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16925-2021.

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Abstract. Primary ice formation in mixed-phase clouds is initiated by a minute subset of the ambient aerosol population, called ice-nucleating particles (INPs). The knowledge about their atmospheric concentration, composition, and source in cloud-relevant environments is still limited. During the 2017 joint INUIT/CLACE (Ice Nuclei research UnIT/CLoud–Aerosol Characterization Experiment) field campaign, observations of INPs as well as of aerosol physical and chemical properties were performed, complemented by source region modeling. This aimed at investigating the nature and sources of INPs. Th

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Kalesse, H., W. Szyrmer, S. Kneifel, P. Kollias, and E. Luke. "Fingerprints of a riming event on cloud radar Doppler spectra: observations and modeling." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 20 (2015): 28619–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-28619-2015.

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Abstract. Radar Doppler spectra measurements are exploited to study a riming event when precipitating ice from a seeder cloud sediments through a supercooled liquid water (SLW) layer. The observations were collected during the deployment of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's (ARM) mobile facility AMF2 at Hyytiälä, Finland during the BAECC (Biogenic Aerosols – Effects on Clouds and Climate Snowfall Experiment) field campaign. The presented analysis of the height evolution of the radar Doppler spectra is a state-of-the-art retrieval with profiling cloud radars in SLW layers beyond t

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21

Hong, Gang, Ping Yang, Bryan A. Baum, Andrew J. Heymsfield, and Kuan-Man Xu. "Parameterization of Shortwave and Longwave Radiative Properties of Ice Clouds for Use in Climate Models." Journal of Climate 22, no. 23 (2009): 6287–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2844.1.

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Abstract Climate modeling and prediction require that the parameterization of the radiative effects of ice clouds be as accurate as possible. The radiative properties of ice clouds are highly sensitive to the single-scattering properties of ice particles and ice cloud microphysical properties such as particle habits and size distributions. In this study, parameterizations for shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiative properties of ice clouds are developed for three existing schemes using ice cloud microphysical properties obtained from five field campaigns and broadband-averaged single-scatte

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22

Kou, Leilei, Zhengjian Lin, Haiyang Gao, Shujun Liao, and Piman Ding. "Simulation and sensitivity analysis for cloud and precipitation measurements via spaceborne millimeter-wave radar." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 16, no. 6 (2023): 1723–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1723-2023.

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Abstract. This study presents a simulation framework for cloud and precipitation measurements via spaceborne millimeter-wave radar composed of eight submodules. To demonstrate the influence of the assumed physical parameters and to improve the microphysical modeling of the hydrometeors, we first conducted a sensitivity analysis. The results indicated that the radar reflectivity was highly sensitive to the particle size distribution (PSD) parameter of the median volume diameter and particle density parameter, which can cause reflectivity variations of several to more than 10 dB. The variation i

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Baumgarten, G., J. Fiedler, and M. Rapp. "On microphysical processes of noctilucent clouds (NLC): observations and modeling of mean and width of the particle size-distribution." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 14 (2010): 6661–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6661-2010.

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Abstract. Noctilucent clouds (NLC) in the polar summer mesopause region have been observed in Norway (69° N, 16° E) between 1998 and 2009 by 3-color lidar technique. Assuming a mono-modal Gaussian size distribution we deduce mean and width of the particle sizes throughout the clouds. We observe a quasi linear relationship between distribution width and mean of the particle size at the top of the clouds and a deviation from this behavior for particle sizes larger than 40 nm, most often in the lower part of the layer. The vertically integrated particle properties show that 65% of the data follow

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Kalesse, Heike, Wanda Szyrmer, Stefan Kneifel, Pavlos Kollias, and Edward Luke. "Fingerprints of a riming event on cloud radar Doppler spectra: observations and modeling." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 5 (2016): 2997–3012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2997-2016.

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Abstract. Radar Doppler spectra measurements are exploited to study a riming event when precipitating ice from a seeder cloud sediment through a supercooled liquid water (SLW) layer. The focus is on the "golden sample" case study for this type of analysis based on observations collected during the deployment of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's (ARM) mobile facility AMF2 at Hyytiälä, Finland, during the Biogenic Aerosols – Effects on Clouds and Climate (BAECC) field campaign. The presented analysis of the height evolution of the radar Doppler spectra is a state-of-the-art retriev

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Lasher-Trapp, Sonia, David C. Leon, Paul J. DeMott, et al. "A Multisensor Investigation of Rime Splintering in Tropical Maritime Cumuli." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, no. 6 (2016): 2547–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0285.1.

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Abstract Three flights from the Ice in Clouds Experiment–Tropical (ICE-T) field campaign examined the onset of ice near the ascending cloud tops of tropical maritime cumuli as they cooled from 0° to −14°C. Careful quantitative analysis of ice number concentrations included manual scrutiny of particle images and corrections for possible particle-shattering artifacts. The novel use of the Wyoming Cloud Radar documented the stage of cloud development and tops relative to the aircraft sampling, complemented the manual estimates of graupel concentrations, and provided new clear evidence of graupel

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Vahidinia, Sanaz, Sarah E. Moran, Mark S. Marley, and Jeffrey N. Cuzzi. "Aggregate Cloud Particle Effects in Exoplanet Atmospheres." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 136, no. 8 (2024): 084404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/ad6cf2.

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Abstract Aerosol opacity has emerged as a critical factor controlling transmission and emission spectra. We provide a simple guideline for the effects of aerosol morphology on opacity and residence time in the atmosphere, as it pertains to transit observations, particularly those with flat spectra due to high altitude aerosols. This framework can be used for understanding complex cloud and haze particle properties before getting into detailed microphysical modeling. We consider high altitude aerosols to be composed of large fluffy particles that can have large residence times in the atmosphere

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Liu, Yangang, Man-Kong Yau, Shin-ichiro Shima, Chunsong Lu, and Sisi Chen. "Parameterization and Explicit Modeling of Cloud Microphysics: Approaches, Challenges, and Future Directions." Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 40, no. 5 (2023): 747–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-022-2077-3.

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AbstractCloud microphysical processes occur at the smallest end of scales among cloud-related processes and thus must be parameterized not only in large-scale global circulation models (GCMs) but also in various higher-resolution limited-area models such as cloud-resolving models (CRMs) and large-eddy simulation (LES) models. Instead of giving a comprehensive review of existing microphysical parameterizations that have been developed over the years, this study concentrates purposely on several topics that we believe are understudied but hold great potential for further advancing bulk microphys

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Kiliani, J., G. Baumgarten, F. J. Lübken, and U. Berger. "Impact of particle shape on the morphology of noctilucent clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 22 (2015): 12897–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12897-2015.

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Abstract. Noctilucent clouds (NLCs) occur during summer in the polar region at altitudes around 83 km. They consist of ice particles with a typical size around 50 nm. The shape of NLC particles is less well known but is important both for interpreting optical measurements and modeling ice cloud characteristics. In this paper, NLC modeling of microphysics and optics is adapted to use cylindrical instead of spherical particle shape. The optical properties of the resulting ice clouds are compared directly to NLC three-color measurements by the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Resear

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Braga, Ramon Campos, Barbara Ervens, Daniel Rosenfeld, et al. "Cloud droplet formation at the base of tropical convective clouds: closure between modeling and measurement results of ACRIDICON–CHUVA." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 23 (2021): 17513–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17513-2021.

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Abstract. Aerosol–cloud interactions contribute to the large uncertainties in current estimates of climate forcing. We investigated the effect of aerosol particles on cloud droplet formation by model calculations and aircraft measurements over the Amazon and over the western tropical Atlantic during the ACRIDICON–CHUVA campaign in September 2014. On the HALO (High Altitude Long Range Research) research aircraft, cloud droplet number concentrations (Nd) were measured near the base of clean and polluted growing convective cumuli using a cloud combination probe (CCP) and a cloud and aerosol spect

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Solomos, S., G. Kallos, J. Kushta, et al. "An integrated modeling study on the effects of mineral dust and sea salt particles on clouds and precipitation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 10 (2010): 23959–4014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-23959-2010.

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Abstract. The amount of airborne particles that will nucleate and form cloud droplets under specific atmospheric conditions, depends on their number concentration, size distribution and chemical composition. Aerosol is affected by primary particle emissions, gas-phase precursors, their transformation and interaction with atmospheric constituents, clouds and dynamics. A comprehensive assessment of these interactions requires an integrated approach; most studies however decouple aerosol processes from cloud and atmospheric dynamics and cannot account for all the feedbacks involved in aerosol-clo

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Arreaga-García, Guillermo, and Julio Saucedo-Morales. "Hydrodynamic Modeling of the Interaction of Winds within a Collapsing Turbulent Gas Cloud." Advances in Astronomy 2015 (2015): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/196304.

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By using the particle-based code Gadget2, we follow the evolution of a gas giant molecular cloud, in which a set of gas particles representing the wind are created by a Monte Carlo scheme and suddenly move outwards from the cloud’s center. The particles representing the gas cloud initially have a velocity according to a turbulent spectrum built in a Fourier space of 643grid elements. The level of turbulence and the temperature of the cloud are both adjusted so that a gravitational collapse of the cloud is initially induced. All the winds are activated in a very early stage of evolution of the

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Rose, Clémence, Nadine Chaumerliac, Laurent Deguillaume, et al. "Modeling the partitioning of organic chemical species in cloud phases with CLEPS (1.1)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 3 (2018): 2225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2225-2018.

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Abstract. The new detailed aqueous-phase mechanism Cloud Explicit Physico-chemical Scheme (CLEPS 1.0), which describes the oxidation of isoprene-derived water-soluble organic compounds, is coupled with a warm microphysical module simulating the activation of aerosol particles into cloud droplets. CLEPS 1.0 was then extended to CLEPS 1.1 to include the chemistry of the newly added dicarboxylic acids dissolved from the particulate phase. The resulting coupled model allows the prediction of the aqueous-phase concentrations of chemical compounds originating from particle scavenging, mass transfer

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Matrosov, Sergey Y. "Evaluations of the Spheroidal Particle Model for Describing Cloud Radar Depolarization Ratios of Ice Hydrometeors." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 32, no. 5 (2015): 865–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-14-00115.1.

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AbstractInformation on ice cloud particle nonsphericity is important for many practical applications ranging from modeling the cloud radiation impact to remote sensing of hydrometeor microphysical properties. Scanning cloud radars, which often measure depolarization ratio as a sole polarization variable, can provide a means for retrieving this information. The applicability of a spheroidal particle model (i.e., a regular ellipsoid that has two principal axes of the same length) is evaluated for describing depolarization properties of ice particles. It is shown that this simple model, which use

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Ding, Han, and Liping Liu. "Establishment and Preliminary Application of the Forward Modeling Method for Doppler Spectral Density of Ice Particles." Remote Sensing 12, no. 20 (2020): 3378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12203378.

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Owing to the various shapes of ice particles, the relationships between fall velocity, backscattering cross-section, mass, and particle size are complicated. This affects the application of cloud radar Doppler spectral density data in the retrieval of the microphysical properties of ice crystals. In this study, under the assumption of six particle shape types, the relationships between particle mass, fall velocity, backscattering cross-section, and particle size were established based on existing research. Variations of Doppler spectral density with the same particle size distribution (PSD) of

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Zhang, Zhi Chun, Song Wei Li, Song Yan Lu, Wen Xu, and Yun He. "3D Cloud Simulation Technology in Flight Visual System." Advanced Materials Research 909 (March 2014): 418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.909.418.

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The simulation technology of 3D cloud can be the ideal method to meet both making human visual scenes realistic and generating weather radar images in flight simulations. This paper describes a 3D cloud simulation method and technology that focuses in three aspects of cloud modeling, lighting and rendering. Firstly, the 3D cloud was modeled in a particle system to specify the atmosphere characteristics of cloud in natural world, then the textures were mapped to the particles to improve the cloud authentic and the lighting model was established to make the cloud environments realistic. Finally,

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Andreae, Meinrat O., Armin Afchine, Rachel Albrecht, et al. "Aerosol characteristics and particle production in the upper troposphere over the Amazon Basin." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 2 (2018): 921–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-921-2018.

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Abstract. Airborne observations over the Amazon Basin showed high aerosol particle concentrations in the upper troposphere (UT) between 8 and 15 km altitude, with number densities (normalized to standard temperature and pressure) often exceeding those in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) by 1 or 2 orders of magnitude. The measurements were made during the German–Brazilian cooperative aircraft campaign ACRIDICON–CHUVA, where ACRIDICON stands for Aerosol, Cloud, Precipitation, and Radiation Interactions and Dynamics of Convective Cloud Systems and CHUVA is the acronym for Cloud Processes of the

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Cirisan, A., B. P. Luo, I. Engel, et al. "Balloon-borne match measurements of midlatitude cirrus clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 14 (2014): 7341–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7341-2014.

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Abstract. Observations of high supersaturations with respect to ice inside cirrus clouds with high ice water content (> 0.01 g kg−1) and high crystal number densities (> 1 cm−3) are challenging our understanding of cloud microphysics and of climate feedback processes in the upper troposphere. However, single measurements of a cloudy air mass provide only a snapshot from which the persistence of ice supersaturation cannot be judged. We introduce here the "cirrus match technique" to obtain information about the evolution of clouds and their saturation ratio. The aim of these coordinated ba

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Pfreundschuh, Simon, Stuart Fox, Patrick Eriksson, et al. "Synergistic radar and sub-millimeter radiometer retrievals of ice hydrometeors in mid-latitude frontal cloud systems." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15, no. 3 (2022): 677–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-677-2022.

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Abstract. Accurate measurements of ice hydrometeors are required to improve the representation of clouds and precipitation in weather and climate models. In this study, a newly developed, synergistic retrieval algorithm that combines radar with passive millimeter and sub-millimeter observations is applied to observations of three frontally generated, mid-latitude cloud systems in order to validate the retrieval and assess its capabilities to constrain the properties of ice hydrometeors. To account for uncertainty in the assumed shapes of ice particles, the retrieval is run multiple times while

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Dedekind, Zane, Ulrike Proske, Sylvaine Ferrachat, Ulrike Lohmann, and David Neubauer. "Simulating the seeder–feeder impacts on cloud ice and precipitation over the Alps." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 9 (2024): 5389–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5389-2024.

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Abstract. The ice phase impacts many cloud properties as well as cloud lifetime. Ice particles that sediment into a lower cloud from an upper cloud (external seeder–feeder process) or into the mixed-phase region of a deep cloud from cirrus levels (internal seeder–feeder process) can influence the ice phase of the lower cloud, amplify cloud glaciation and enhance surface precipitation. Recently, numerical weather prediction modeling studies have aimed at representing the ice crystal number concentration in mixed-phase clouds more accurately by including secondary ice formation processes. The in

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Ozernoy, Leonid M. "Physical Modeling of the Zodiacal Dust Cloud." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 204 (2001): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900225850.

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This review is based on extensive work done in collaboration with N. Gorkavyi, J. Mather, and T. Taidakova, which aimed at physical modeling of the interplanetary dust (IPD) cloud in the Solar System, i.e., establishing a link between the observable characteristics of the zodiacal cloud and the dynamical and physical properties of the parent minor bodies. Our computational approach permits one to integrate the trajectories of hundreds of particles and to effectively store up to 1010–11 positions with modest computer resources, providing a high fidelity 3D distribution of the dust. Our numerica

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Skrotzki, J., P. Connolly, M. Schnaiter, et al. "The accommodation coefficient of water molecules on ice-cirrus cloud studies at the AIDA simulation chamber." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 9 (2012): 24351–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-24351-2012.

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Abstract. Cirrus clouds and their impact on the Earth's radiative budget are subjects of current research. The processes governing the growth of cirrus ice particles are central to the radiative properties of cirrus clouds. At temperatures relevant to cirrus clouds, the growth of ice crystals smaller than a few microns in size is strongly influenced by the accommodation coefficient of water molecules on ice, αice, making this parameter relevant for cirrus cloud modeling. However, the experimentally determined magnitude of αice for cirrus temperatures is afflicted with uncertainties of almost t

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Skrotzki, J., P. Connolly, M. Schnaiter, et al. "The accommodation coefficient of water molecules on ice – cirrus cloud studies at the AIDA simulation chamber." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 8 (2013): 4451–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4451-2013.

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Abstract. Cirrus clouds and their impact on the Earth's radiative budget are subjects of current research. The processes governing the growth of cirrus ice particles are central to the radiative properties of cirrus clouds. At temperatures relevant to cirrus clouds, the growth of ice crystals smaller than a few microns in size is strongly influenced by the accommodation coefficient of water molecules on ice, αice, making this parameter relevant for cirrus cloud modeling. However, the experimentally determined magnitude of αice for cirrus temperatures is afflicted with uncertainties of almost t

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Engel, I., B. P. Luo, S. M. Khaykin, et al. "Arctic stratospheric dehydration – Part 2: Microphysical modeling." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 10 (2013): 27163–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-27163-2013.

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Abstract. Large areas of synoptic-scale ice PSCs (Polar Stratospheric Clouds) distinguished the Arctic winter 2009/2010 from other years and revealed unprecedented evidence of water redistribution in the stratosphere. A unique snapshot of water vapor repartitioning into ice particles was observed under extremely cold Arctic conditions with temperatures around 183 K. Balloon-borne, aircraft and satellite-based measurements suggest that synoptic-scale ice PSCs and concurrent reductions and enhancements in water vapor are tightly linked with the observed de- and rehydration signatures, respective

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Grythe, Henrik, Nina I. Kristiansen, Christine D. Groot Zwaaftink, et al. "A new aerosol wet removal scheme for the Lagrangian particle model FLEXPART v10." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 4 (2017): 1447–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1447-2017.

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Abstract. A new, more physically based wet removal scheme for aerosols has been implemented in the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART. It uses three-dimensional cloud water fields from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) to determine cloud extent and distinguishes between in-cloud and below-cloud scavenging. The new in-cloud nucleation scavenging depends on cloud water phase (liquid, ice or mixed-phase), based on the aerosol's prescribed efficiency to serve as ice crystal nuclei and liquid water nuclei, respectively. The impaction scavenging scheme now par

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Deeter, Merritt N., and K. Franklin Evans. "A Novel Ice-Cloud Retrieval Algorithm Based on the Millimeter-Wave Imaging Radiometer (MIR) 150- and 220-GHz Channels." Journal of Applied Meteorology 39, no. 5 (2000): 623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450-39.5.623.

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Abstract A novel microwave technique for simultaneously retrieving cirrus ice water path (IWP) and characteristic ice particle size is described. The retrieval algorithm exploits radiance measurements made at 150 and 220 GHz by the airborne Millimeter-Wave Imaging Radiometer (MIR). Other MIR channels additionally are used to test for the presence of liquid clouds and precipitation, which otherwise would have a contaminating effect on the retrievals. Forward radiative transfer modeling was used to generate a two-dimensional retrieval table in which brightness-temperature depressions (relative t

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Kong, Weimeng, Stavros Amanatidis, Huajun Mai, et al. "The nano-scanning electrical mobility spectrometer (nSEMS) and its application to size distribution measurements of 1.5–25 nm particles." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, no. 8 (2021): 5429–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5429-2021.

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Abstract. Particle size measurement in the low nanometer regime is of great importance to the study of cloud condensation nuclei formation and to better understand aerosol–cloud interactions. Here we present the design, modeling, and experimental characterization of the nano-scanning electrical mobility spectrometer (nSEMS), a recently developed instrument that probes particle physical properties in the 1.5–25 nm range. The nSEMS consists of a novel differential mobility analyzer and a two-stage condensation particle counter (CPC). The mobility analyzer, a radial opposed-migration ion and aero

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Wehbe, Youssef, Sarah A. Tessendorf, Courtney Weeks, et al. "Analysis of aerosol–cloud interactions and their implications for precipitation formation using aircraft observations over the United Arab Emirates." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 16 (2021): 12543–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12543-2021.

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Abstract. Aerosol and cloud microphysical measurements were collected by a research aircraft during August 2019 over the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The majority of scientific flights targeted summertime convection along the eastern Al Hajar Mountains bordering Oman, while one flight sampled non-orographic clouds over the western UAE near the Saudi Arabian border. In this work, we study the evolution of growing cloud turrets from cloud base (9 ∘C) up to the capping inversion level (−12 ∘C) using coincident cloud particle imagery and particle size distributions from cloud cores under different

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Mena, Francisco, Tami C. Bond, and Nicole Riemer. "Plume-exit modeling to determine cloud condensation nuclei activity of aerosols from residential biofuel combustion." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 15 (2017): 9399–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9399-2017.

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Abstract. Residential biofuel combustion is an important source of aerosols and gases in the atmosphere. The change in cloud characteristics due to biofuel burning aerosols is uncertain, in part, due to the uncertainty in the added number of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) from biofuel burning. We provide estimates of the CCN activity of biofuel burning aerosols by explicitly modeling plume dynamics (coagulation, condensation, chemical reactions, and dilution) in a young biofuel burning plume from emission until plume exit, defined here as the condition when the plume reaches ambient temperatu

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Nguyen, Cuong M., Mengistu Wolde, Alessandro Battaglia, et al. "Coincident in situ and triple-frequency radar airborne observations in the Arctic." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15, no. 3 (2022): 775–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-775-2022.

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Abstract. The dataset collected during the Radar Snow Experiment (RadSnowExp) presents the first-ever airborne triple-frequency radar observations combined with almost perfectly co-located and coincident airborne microphysical measurements from a single platform, the National Research Council Canada (NRC) Convair-580 aircraft. The potential of this dataset is illustrated using data collected from one flight during an Arctic storm, which covers a wide range of snow habits from pristine ice crystals and low-density aggregates to heavily rimed particles with maximum size exceeding 10 mm. Three di

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van Pinxteren, Manuela, Khanneh Wadinga Fomba, Nadja Triesch, et al. "Marine organic matter in the remote environment of the Cape Verde islands – an introduction and overview to the MarParCloud campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 11 (2020): 6921–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6921-2020.

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Abstract. The project MarParCloud (Marine biological production, organic aerosol Particles and marine Clouds: a process chain) aims to improve our understanding of the genesis, modification and impact of marine organic matter (OM) from its biological production, to its export to marine aerosol particles and, finally, to its ability to act as ice-nucleating particles (INPs) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). A field campaign at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO) in the tropics in September–October 2017 formed the core of this project that was jointly performed with the project MARS

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