Relevant bibliographies by topics / Particle-eddy interaction

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Particle-eddy interaction'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Particle-eddy interaction"

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Agnihotri, Vivek, Ghader Ghorbaniasl, Sylvia Verbanck, and Chris Lacor. "An eddy interaction model for particle deposition." Journal of Aerosol Science 47 (May 2012): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2011.12.003.

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Shen, Bin Xian, and Wei Qiang Liu. "Numerical Simulation of Turbulence-Chemical Interaction Models on Combustible Particle MILD Combustion." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 1752–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.1752.

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Typical combustible particle coal has been analyzed by using turbulence-chemistry interaction models to realize which models are more accurate and reasonable on pulverized coal MILD combustion. Three turbulence-chemistry interaction models are examined: the Equilibrium Mixture Fraction/PDF (PDF), the Eddy Break Up (EBU), the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC). All of three models can give a suitable prediction of axial velocity on combustible particle coal MILD combustion because turbulence-chemistry interaction models have little influence on flow field and flow structure. The Eddy Dissipation Concept model (EDC), based on advanced turbulence-chemistry interaction with global and detailed kinetic mechanisms can produce satisfactory results on chemical and fluid dynamic behavior of combustible particle coal MILD combustion, especially on temperature and species concentrations.
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Jayanti, S., and S. Narayanan. "Computational Study of Particle-Eddy Interaction in Sedimentation Tanks." Journal of Environmental Engineering 130, no. 1 (January 2004): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2004)130:1(37).

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Yu, Y., L. X. Zhou, C. G. Zheng, and Z. H. Liu. "Simulation of Swirling Gas-Particle Flows Using Different Time Scales for the Closure of Two-Phase Velocity Correlation in the Second-Order Moment Two-Phase Turbulence Model1." Journal of Fluids Engineering 125, no. 2 (March 1, 2003): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1538630.

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Three different time scales—the gas turbulence integral time scale, the particle relaxation time, and the eddy interaction time—are used for closing the dissipation term in the transport equation of two-phase velocity correlation of the second-order moment two-phase turbulence model. The mass-weighted averaged second-order moment (MSM) model is used to simulate swirling turbulent gas-particle flows with a swirl number of 0.47. The prediction results are compared with the PDPA measurement results taking from references. Good agreement is obtained between the predicted and measured particle axial and tangential time-averaged velocities. There is some discrepancy between the predicted and measured particle axial and tangential fluctuation velocities. The results indicate that the time scale has an important effect. It is found that the predictions using the eddy interaction time scale give the right tendency—for example, the particle tangential fluctuation velocity is smaller than the gas tangential fluctuation velocity, as that given by the PDPA measurements.
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Graham, D. I. "An Improved Eddy Interaction Model for Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Particle Dispersion." Journal of Fluids Engineering 118, no. 4 (December 1, 1996): 819–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2835514.

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Three main effects have been observed in experimental investigations of the dispersion of low concentrations of solid particles in homogeneous turbulent flows, namely the crossing trajectories, inertia, and continuity effects. This paper discusses the development of a simple Lagrangian eddy interaction model to account for all three of these effects. By choosing the length, time, and velocity scales in the model so as to be consistent with the corresponding scales in homogeneous, isotropic, and stationary turbulence, the proper limiting behavior is ensured both for fluid particles and for heavy solid particles. Because only one time step is required per eddy, the computational efficiency of the model is ensured.
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Jaszczur, Marek. "Large Eddy Simulations of particle-fluid interaction in a turbulent channel flow." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 318, no. 4 (December 22, 2011): 042052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/318/4/042052.

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Groll, R. "Statistical Eulerian Diffusion Approach of Four-Way-Coupled Multiphase Systems." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 832–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.832.

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Volume-fraction weighted and Reynolds averaged momentum transport equations are solved in an Euler/Euler approach to simulate numerically the turbulent, dispersed two- phase °ow in a two-dimensional channel and a three-dimensional conic di®user °ow. Particular attention is given to the modelling of turbulent di®usion and particle wall interaction, assuming local equilibrium but introducing individual terms for particle/°uid drag interaction, particle collisions and trajectory crossings. These in°uences have been quanti¯ed in terms of partial viscosities, a restitution power and a turbulence structure parameter. Boussinesq approxima- tions have been used for each phase and their interaction, whose formulation was provided in the framework of the eddy-viscosity modelling concept.
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Yücesan, Sencer, Daniel Wildt, Philipp Gmeiner, Johannes Schobesberger, Christoph Hauer, Christine Sindelar, Helmut Habersack, and Michael Tritthart. "Interaction of Very Large Scale Motion of Coherent Structures with Sediment Particle Exposure." Water 13, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13030248.

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A systematic variation of the exposure level of a spherical particle in an array of multiple spheres in a high Reynolds number turbulent open-channel flow regime was investigated while using the Large Eddy Simulation method. Our numerical study analysed hydrodynamic conditions of a sediment particle based on three different channel configurations, from full exposure to zero exposure level. Premultiplied spectrum analysis revealed that the effect of very-large-scale motion of coherent structures on the lift force on a fully exposed particle resulted in a bi-modal distribution with a weak low wave number and a local maximum of a high wave number. Lower exposure levels were found to exhibit a uni-modal distribution.
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Etasse, Emmanuel, Charles Meneveau, and Thierry Poinsot. "Simple Stochastic Model for Particle Dispersion Including Inertia, Trajectory-Crossing, and Continuity Effects." Journal of Fluids Engineering 120, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2819645.

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An eddy-lifetime, stochastic Lagrangian model for particle dispersion in weakly laden turbulent flows is proposed, in which the interaction time-scale between particles and turbulent eddies is parametrized so as to include several physical effects. It takes into account particle inertia, crossing-trajectory effect, the possible difference in lateral and longitudinal dispersion, and some Reynolds number effects. The parametrization is based on previous results, from a theoretical dispersion model in isotropic turbulence using the trajectory-velocity independence and Gaussian approximations, as well as from Large-Eddy-Simulation. Simple fits are introduced to efficiently capture the main results from these prior studies, allowing practical implementation within the context of k – ε engineering codes. Results from simulations using the proposed approach are compared with experimental data of dispersion in decaying isotropic turbulence.
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Paoli, Roberto, Xavier Vancassel, François Garnier, and Philippe Mirabel. "Large-eddy simulation of a turbulent jet and a vortex sheet interaction: particle formation and evolution in the near field of an aircraft wake." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 17, no. 2 (April 28, 2008): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2008/0278.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Particle-eddy interaction"

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Sun, Guangyuan. "Stochastic Simulation of Lagrangian Particle Transport in Turbulent Flows." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5838.

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This dissertation presents the development and validation of the One Dimensional Turbulence (ODT) multiphase model in the Lagrangian reference frame. ODT is a stochastic model that captures the full range of length and time scales and provides statistical information on fine-scale turbulent-particle mixing and transport at low computational cost. The flow evolution is governed by a deterministic solution of the viscous processes and a stochastic representation of advection through stochastic domain mapping processes. The three algorithms for Lagrangian particle transport are presented within the context of the ODT approach. The Type-I and -C models consider the particle-eddy interaction as instantaneous and continuous change of the particle position and velocity, respectively. The Type-IC model combines the features of the Type-I and -C models. The models are applied to the multiphase flows in the homogeneous decaying turbulence and turbulent round jet. Particle dispersion, dispersion coefficients, and velocity statistics are predicted and compared with experimental data. The models accurately reproduces the experimental data sets and capture particle inertial effects and trajectory crossing effect. A new adjustable particle parameter is introduced into the ODT model, and sensitivity analysis is performed to facilitate parameter estimation and selection. A novel algorithm of the two-way momentum coupling between the particle and carrier phases is developed in the ODT multiphase model. Momentum exchange between the phases is accounted for through particle source terms in the viscous diffusion. The source term is implemented in eddy events through a new kernel transformation and an iterative procedure is required for eddy selection. This model is applied to a particle-laden turbulent jet flow, and simulation results are compared with experimental measurements. The effect of particle addition on the velocities of the gas phase is investigated. The development of particle velocity and particle number distribution are illustrated. The simulation results indicate that the model qualitatively captures the turbulent modulation with the presence of difference particle classes with different solid loadings. The model is then extended to simulate temperature evolution of the particles in a nonisothermal hot jet, in which heat transfer between the particles and gas is considered. The flow is bounded by a wall on the one side of the domain. The simulations are performed over a range of particle inertia and thermal relaxation time scales and different initial particle locations. The present study investigates the post-blast-phase mixing between the particles, the environment that is intended to heat them up, and the ambient environment that dilutes the jet flow. The results indicate that the model can qualitatively predict the important particle statistics in jet flame.
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Ikardouchene, Syphax. "Analyses expérimentale et numérique de l'interaction departicules avec un jet d'air plan impactant une surface.Application au confinement particulaire." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1046.

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La thèse vise à qualifier les performances de confinement de rideaux d’air vis-à-vis de pollution particulaire. Plus précisément, elle vise à mettre en place, caractériser et améliorer des barrières de confinement particulaire par des jets d'air plans placés en périphérie de machines tournantes abrasives utilisées pour décaper les surfaces amiantées
The thesis aims to qualify the containment barriers for particles. Specifically, it aims to develop, characterize and improve particulate confinement barriers by jets of air placed at the periphery of abrasive rotating machines used to scour the surfaces containing asbestos
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Book chapters on the topic "Particle-eddy interaction"

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Kolev, Nikolay Ivanov. "Particle-eddy interactions." In Multiphase Flow Dynamics 4, 129–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20749-5_6.

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Ikardouchene, Syphax, Xavier Nicolas, Stéphane Delaby, and Meryem Ould-Rouiss. "Experiments and Large Eddy Simulations on Particle Interaction with a Turbulent Air Jet Impacting a Wall." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 136–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65820-5_14.

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Mathieu, A., J. Chauchat, C. Bonamy, G. Balarac, and Tian-Jian Hsu. "Understanding inertial particle effects on turbulence-particle interactions in dilute suspensions using two-phase flow Large Eddy Simulations." In River Flow 2020, 167–74. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22619-25.

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Conference papers on the topic "Particle-eddy interaction"

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Portela, Lui´s M., and Rene´ V. A. Oliemans. "Subgrid Particle-Fluid Coupling Evaluation in Large-Eddy Simulations of Particle-Laden Flows." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33113.

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Point-particle Eulerian-Lagrangian DNS/LES simulations allow us to deal with a large number of small particles, using relatively modest computer resources. When doing LES, one can consider the subgrid particle-fluid coupling, using a subgrid model, or simply ignore it. We present a criterion to evaluate the importance of the subgrid particle-fluid coupling on: (i) the particle motion, and (ii) the resolved fluid-motion. The criterion assumes that the particles can be treated as point-particles, from the perspective of both the resolved and subgrid motions, and it is based on simple “local equilibrium” models for the interaction between the particles and the subgrid fluid-motion. The criterion was applied to a high-resolution channel flow LES, with a moderate particle-loading. The results indicate that: (i) for heavy particles, the common practice of ignoring the subgrid particle-fluid coupling is adequate, (ii) for very-light particles a model for the subgrid-driven particle-velocity fluctuations might be important.
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Fard, F. N., B. McLaury, and S. Shirazi. "Effect of Cell Size on Particle-Eddy Interaction and Erosion Predictions Using Commercial CFD Software (FLUENT)." In ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2012-72294.

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Some commercial CFD codes have the ability to predict erosion. For low concentration flows, a one-way coupling approach is used. The flow solution is determined then thousands of particle trajectories are determined using a Lagrangian approach, and the particle impact information is used in an erosion equation to predict the erosion. It is necessary practice to insure grid independence for the flow solution; however, discussion of the effect of grid size on particle tracking is not common. In this paper, the effect of cell size on particle tracking and erosion modeling is studied using a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, FLUENT. Two surprising issues were found during detailed investigation of CFD results. First, eddy size is limited by cell size in FLUENT, which affects particle-eddy interaction in the discrete phase model and consequently erosion modeling. Limiting the eddy size based on the cell size can have a huge effect on the particle trajectories in geometries like sudden contraction/expansions since eddies play an important role in particle behavior in these geometries. This is particularly true for very small particles and when liquid is the carrier fluid. Second, the particle impact behavior seems unrealistic. Particles tend to stay near the wall and impact the wall over and over in a small area. During each impact series, the particle’s impact velocities do not reduce with successive impacts as expected. This promotes simulated erosion rates that are high. In addition to the CFD investigation, an experimental facility was designed and built to develop erosion equations for small particles (average size of 25 μm) to enable more appropriate comparisons of erosion data with predicted erosion.
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Gorokhovski, Mikhael, and Anna Chtab. "LES of Particle-Laden Flow With Inter-Particle Collisions." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42663.

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By analogy with kinetic approach, the gas-solid turbulent flow was considered as an ensemble of interacting both stochastic liquid and solid particles. In this way, the motion equation for the solid particle along a smoothed trajectory has been derived. To close this equation, the statistical temperature of particles has been introduced and expressed by statistical properties of turbulence. The smoothed particles dynamics was then computed along with large-eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent channel gas flow with “two-way” coupling of momentum. The calculated results are compared with the experiment of Kulick et. al. (1994) and with computation of Yamomoto et. al. (2001), where the inter-particle interaction has been simulated by hard-sphere collisions with prescribed efficiency. It has been shown that our computation with smoothed motion of particle is relatively in agreement with experiment and computations of Yamomoto et. al. (2001). At the same time, the model presented in the paper has a following advantage: it, practically, does not require an additional CPU time to account for inter-particle interactions. The turbulence attenuation by particles and the preferential concentration of particles in the low-turbulence region have been shown.
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Chen, X. Q., M. Renksizbulut, and X. Li. "Computation of Turbulent Gas-Particle Flows Behind a Bluffbody." In ASME 2001 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2001-17068.

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Abstract A numerical analysis of multisized glass particles interacting with a confined bluffbody flow was performed by combining the finite-volume method for the gaseous flow with the Lagrangian approach for the particulate flow. The second-moment Reynolds-stress model was used to predict the turbulent gaseous flow in a gas-particle system, where an improved eddy-interaction model was used to predict turbulence-induced particle dispersion. The interaction between the two phases was accounted for in terms of coupling sources. Numerical predictions of two-phase mean and fluctuating velocities for different particle sizes were compared with corresponding experimental data. Reasonably good agreement was achieved for the mean properties of both the gaseous and particulate flows.
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Thakre, Piyush, and Graham Goldin. "CFD Modeling of Pulverized Coal Combustion Using Relax to Chemical Equilibrium Model With Turbulence-Chemistry Interaction." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14190.

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Abstract A comprehensive numerical investigation of 2.4 MW IFRF swirl-stabilized coal furnace is conducted. A novel Relax to Chemical Equilibrium (RTCE) model with turbulence-chemistry interaction is used for the gas-phase combustion and the results are compared with the standard Eddy Break-Up (EBU) model. In the RTCE model, the species compositions are relaxed towards the local chemical equilibrium at a characteristic time scale determined by the local flow and turbulence. The turbulence-chemistry interaction is treated using the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) model. The simulation uses a Lagrangian-Eulerian framework to treat the particle transport and the fluid-particle interactions. In all, fifteen species have been included in the RTCE model. For coal particles, a one-step devolatilization, first-order char oxidation, particle porosity, and particle radiation models are employed. The NOx emissions model includes both thermal and fuel NOx pathways. It was found that RTCE model performs well in predicting the overall temperature distribution in the IFRF coal furnace. The predicted temperature, NOx and CO at the outlet match very well with the experimental data, showing marked improvement over the EBU model. The overall NOx profile is also predicted better by the RTCE model.
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Narayanan, Chidambaram, and Djamel Lakehal. "Four-Way Coupling of Dense Particle Beds of Black Powder in Turbulent Pipe Flows." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30137.

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The modeling of particle deposition and transport in pipes is one of the most challenging problems in multiphase flow, because the underlying physics is multi-faceted and complex, including turbulence of the carrier phase, particle-turbulence interaction, particle-wall interactions, particle-particle interactions, two-way and four-way couplings, particle agglomeration, deposition and re-suspension. We will discuss these issues and present new routes for the modeling of particle collision stress. Practical examples like black powder deposition and transport in gas pipelines will be presented and discussed. The model employed is based on dense-particle formulation accounting for particle-turbulence interaction, particle-wall interactions, particle-particle interactions via a collision stress. The model solves the governing equations of the fluid phase using a continuum model and those of the particle phase using a Lagrangian model. Inter-particle interactions for dense particle flows with high volume fractions (from 1% to close packing ∼60%) have been accounted for by mapping particle properties to an Eulerian grid and then mapping back computed stress tensors to particle positions. Turbulence within the continuum gas field was simulated using the V-LES (Very Large-Eddy Simulation) and full LES, which provides sufficient flow unsteadiness needed to disperse the particles and move the deposited bed.
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Berrouk, Abdallah Sofiane, and Dominique Laurence. "Stochastic Large Eddy Simulation of Bluff-Body Two-Way-Coupled Gas-Particle Turbulent Flow." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-12006.

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With the steady increase in computing power, there have been numerous efforts to numerically quantify turbulence modulation by inertial particles. However, highly resolving the flow around thousands to millions of particles to get an accurate particle/turbulence interaction has been prohibited by the number of grid points required. Thus, physical models have been developed and “plugged” to well-resolved numerical simulations to render prediction of turbulence modulation tractable. In this work, flow turbulence modulation by dispersed solid particles in a bluff body was studied using two-way-coupled stochastic large eddy simulation. Point-force scheme was used to model the inertial particle back effects on the fluid motion. The fluid velocity field seen by inertial particles was stochastically constructed based on the filtered flow field obtained from well resolved large eddy simulations. For that purpose a Langevin-type stochastic diffusion process was used with the necessary modifications to account for particle inertia, cross-trajectory effects and the two-way coupling. The numerical results regarding mean and turbulence statistics for the fluid phase show a very good agreement with the experimental findings for both low and high mass loadings (22% and 110% respectively). This numerical investigation demonstrates also the ability of the stochastic-LES-particle approach to predict turbulence modification by inertial particles.
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Simonin, Olivier, and Kyle D. Squires. "What Can Be Learned From LES of Particle-Laden Turbulent Flows (Invited Talk)." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31238.

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Numerical simulation continues to evolve as an important tool in the analysis and prediction of two-phase turbulent flows. Computations are playing an increasingly important role as both a means for study of the fundamental interactions governing a process or flow, as well as forming the backbone for engineering predictions of physical systems. At a practical level, computations for engineering applications continue to rely on solution of a statistically-averaged equation set. Many of the statistical correlations requiring closure in Reynolds-averaged models are often difficult or impossible to measure in experimental investigations of two-phase flows. Computational techniques that directly resolve turbulent eddies are an important component in evaluating closure models, while at the same time offering a useful approach for basic studies of fundamental interactions. The focus of the lecture is on numerical prediction and study of turbulent two-phase flows using computational techniques such as Large Eddy Simulation (LES) that directly resolve the large, energy-containing scales of the turbulent motion. Within this broad class, the subset of two-phase flows in which a dispersed phase is comprised of small particles and is present at low volume fractions is of primary interest, using Lagrangian computational techniques for the prediction of trajectories of a large ensemble of discrete particles. The scope of such an approach considered is on systems in which the ensemble comprising the particulate phase is large enough that direct resolution of the flow in the vicinity of each particle is not feasible and, consequently, models on fluid-particle interfacial transfer and particle-particle interaction must be imposed. The focus of the lecture is on numerical prediction and study of turbulent two-phase flows using computational techniques such as Large Eddy Simulation (LES) that directly resolve the large, energy-containing scales of the turbulent motion. Within this broad class, the subset of two-phase flows in which a dispersed phase is comprised of small particles and is present at low volume fractions is of primary interest, using Lagrangian computational techniques for the prediction of trajectories of a large ensemble of discrete particles. The scope of such an approach considered is on systems in which the ensemble comprising the particulate phase is large enough that direct resolution of the flow in the vicinity of each particle is not feasible and, consequently, models on fluid-particle interfacial transfer and particle-particle interaction must be imposed. The advantages and limitations of such a technique are first considered and its accuracy is evaluated by comparison with discrete particle simulations coupled with fluid turbulence predictions obtained using DNS (understood in the present context as solution of the carrier-phase flow without the use of explicit subgrid turbulence models). An overview and examples of the application of LES to prediction and scientific study of dispersed, turbulent two-phase flows is then presented for several representative flow configurations: statistically stationary and decaying particle-laden isotropic turbulence, homogeneous shear flow, fully-developed turbulent channel flow, and turbulent particle-laden round jet. In such flows, the detailed description possible using LES enables in-depth evaluations of statistical and structural features. In particular, the role of inter-particle collision in turbulent channel flow and more recent efforts focused on exploration and analysis of the spatial structure of the particle concentration and velocity fields in homogeneous turbulence are discussed.
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Huilier, Daniel. "Why Are Relationships Between Lagrangian and Eulerian Scales Necessary for Gas-Particle Flow Modeling?" In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45727.

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Simulation of Gas-Particle flows can be fulfilled by Lagrangian modeling of the dispersed phase. Each type of Lagrangian method, Monte-Carlo/Eddy Interaction or Markov Chain models, needs the knowledge of Lagrangian scales associated with the turbulent flow under consideration and the type of particle dispersing in the gas carrier flow. Unfortunately, Lagrangian quantities (as well the interesting moving Eulerian time scale, that given by a sensor which would move with the mean fluid velocity) are still difficult to be obtained directly by most experimental measurement techniques (except by very recent techniques such as PIV.PTV.), contrary to Eulerian scales scales, such as those classically obtained from a fixed hot-wire or LDA control volume. It is therefore of great importance to have available accurate relationships between Eulerian and Lagrangian scales, based on fluid flow properties as well as particle characteristics.
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Sreedharan, Sai Shrinivas, and Danesh K. Tafti. "Effect of Blowing Ratio on Syngas Flyash Particle Deposition on a Three-Row Leading Edge Film Cooling Geometry Using Large Eddy Simulations." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59326.

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A numerical study is performed to investigate deposition and erosion of Syngas ash in the leading edge region of a turbine vane. The leading edge of the vane is modeled as a symmetric semi-cylinder with a flat after body. Three rows of coolant holes located at stagnation and at ±21.3° from stagnation are simulated at blowing ratios of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is used to model the flow field of the coolant jet-mainstream interaction and syngas ash particles are modeled using a Lagrangian framework. Ash particle sizes of 5 and 7 micron are considered. Under the conditions of the current simulations, both ash particles have Stokes numbers less than unity of O(1) and hence are strongly affected by the flow and thermal field generated by the coolant interaction with the mainstream. Because of this, the stagnation coolant jets are quite successful in pushing the particles away from the surface and minimizing deposition and erosion in the stagnation region. Overall, about 10% of the 5 μm particles versus 20% of the 7 μm particles are deposited on the surface at B.R. = 0.5. An increase to B.R. = 2, increases deposition of the 5 micron particles to 14% while decreasing deposition of the 7 micron particles to 15%. Erosive ash particles of 5 μm size increase from 5% of the total to 10% as the blowing ratio increases from 0.5 to 2.0, whereas 7 μm erosive particles remain nearly constant at 15%. Overall, for particles of size 5 μm, there is a combined increase in deposition and erosive particles from 16% to 24% as the blowing ratio increases from 0.5 to 2.0. The 7 μm particles, on the other hand decrease from 35% to about 30% as the blowing ratio increases from 0.5 to 2.
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