Journal articles: 'Particle filled composites'

1

He, Hong, Renli Fu, Yanchun Han, Yuan Shen, and Deliu Wang. "High Thermal Conductive Si3N4 Particle Filled Epoxy Composites With a Novel Structure." Journal of Electronic Packaging 129, no. 4 (April 4, 2007): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2804097.

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Traditionally, large quantities of ceramic fillers are added to polymers in order to obtain high thermally conductive polymer composites, which are used for electronic encapsulants. However, that is not cost effective enough. In this study, Si3N4 particle filled epoxy composite with a novel structure was fabricated by a processing method and structure design. Epoxy resin used in particle form was obtained by premixing and crushing. Different particle sizes were selected by sieving. High thermal conductivity was achieved at relative low volume fraction of the filler. The microstructure of the composites indicates that a continuous network is formed by the filler, which mainly completes the heat conduction. Thermal conductivity of the composites increases as the filler content increases, and the samples exhibit a highest thermal conductivity of 1.8W∕mK at 30% volume fraction of the filler in the composites using epoxy particles of 2mm. The composites show low dielectric constant and low dielectric loss.

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Amarababu, B., and V. Pandu Rangadu. "Synthesis and Characterization of Mineral Wollastonite Particulate Filled Vinyl-Ester Resin Composites." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 37 (August 2014): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.37.91.

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In the present research presents influence of coupling agent 1 % triethoxymethyl silane sprayed on to the wollastonite particulate powder before it dispersed into the vinylester/composites. Firstly two different composites were developed in which wollastonite is filled with vinylester resin and same wollastonite was sprayed with coupling agent 1 % triethoxymethyl silane then filled with vinylester resin. The particle functionalization with a bi-functional coupling agent 1 % triethoxymethyl silane was observed to have a significant effect on the curing process and subsequent physical properties of the composites. Wollastonite functionalization favors the composite fabrication with a lower curing temperature as compared to the as-received particle filled vinyl ester resin composites. Thermogravimetric analysis showed an increased thermo-stability in the particles functionalized filled vinyl ester resin composites as compared to the unmodified particle filled counterparts. The uniform particle dispersion and the chemical bonding between filler and vinyl ester resin matrix were found to contribute to the increased thermal stability and enhanced tensile strength and modulus.

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Gregorova, Adriana, Michal Machovsky, and Rupert Wimmer. "Viscoelastic Properties of Mineral-Filled Poly(lactic acid) Composites." International Journal of Polymer Science 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/252981.

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Poly(lactic acid) was filled with 20 wt% of the three mineral fillers Mica, Zeolite, and Vansil, differing in the particle shape and surface area. Viscoelastic properties of unfilled and filled composites were investigated via dynamic mechanical analysis, while filler and fracture surface morphology of the composites was analysed through scanning electron microscopy. Results demonstrate the relationships between viscoelastic damping behaviour of filled PLA composites and the filler distribution in the PLA matrix. Both damping reduction and scanning electron microscope analysis revealed that Zeolite was better distributed in the poly(lactic acid) matrix than the other used fillers Mica and Vansil. The interfacial filler/matrix adhesion has again proved to be the key factor determining thermal and mechanical properties of reinforced composite material.

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Ren, Xianjie, Yang Geng, Alfred B. O. Soboyejo, and Katrina Cornish. "REINFORCED MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FUNCTIONALIZED SILICA AND EGGSHELL FILLED GUAYULE NATURAL RUBBER COMPOSITES." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 92, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 687–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.19.81485.

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ABSTRACT Replacing synthetic fillers, which are commonly used to reinforce rubber, with bio-fillers has potential to improve the sustainability of rubber products. Eggshell (ES) (a powder with a maximum particle diameter of 9.4 μm and a median of 1.1 μm) was added to guayule natural rubber (GNR) composites to partially or fully replace bifunctionally silanized, high surface area, precipitated silica (BSS). The mixing energy consumption, mechanical properties, cross-link density, filler dispersion and final particle size, fracture surface morphology, and dyeability of GNR composites were characterized. ES filler effectively reinforced vulcanized GNR compared with unfilled vulcanized GNR. Energy consumption, modulus at 300% strain (M300), and hardness generally decreased with increasing ES fraction (decreasing BSS), but tensile strength, gel fraction, and elongation at break increased even where cross-link density and M300 were similar. Thus, composite cross-link density was not solely influenced by silane content as the ratio and loading of ES and BSS changed. The production of the composites reduced particle size to submicron size. Even a small amount of ES improved the dispersion of BSS filler particles in the composites and hence the mechanical properties. The contributions of the two fillers to the composite properties are explained. Linear mixed models were built to predict the mechanical properties of a broader range of GNR–ES–BSS composites, and r2 (the quality of the model predictability) was above 0.9 for all models. ES filled GNR, with or without BSS, can be dyed different colors for specific applications. The lower-cost, renewability, dyeability, and excellent performance of ES–GNR composites addresses the need for sustainable rubber products with low carbon footprint.

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Bek, Marko, Joamin Gonzalez-Gutierrez, Christian Kukla, Klementina Pušnik Črešnar, Boris Maroh, and Lidija Slemenik Perše. "Rheological Behaviour of Highly Filled Materials for Injection Moulding and Additive Manufacturing: Effect of Particle Material and Loading." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 11, 2020): 7993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10227993.

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Within this paper, we are dealing with a mixture of thermoplastic polymer that is filled with inorganic fillers at high concentrations up to 60 vol.%. A high number of particles in the compound can substantially change the rheological behaviour of the composite and can lead to problems during processing in the molten state. The rheological behaviour of highly filled materials is complex and influenced by many interrelated factors. In the present investigation, we considered four different spherical materials: steel, aluminium alloy, titanium alloy and glass. Particles with similar particle size distribution were mixed with a binder system at different filling grades (30–60 vol.%). We showed that the rheological behaviour of highly filled materials is significantly dependent on the chemical interactions between the filler and matrix material. Moreover, it was shown that the changes of the particle shape and size during processing lead to unexpected rheological behaviour of composite materials as it was observed in the composites filled with glass beads that broke at high contents during processing.

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Xue, Peng Jie, Shi Lin Liu, and Jian Jiang Bian. "Effects of polymorphic form and particle size of SiO2 fillers on the properties of SiO2–PEEK composites." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 11, no. 04 (August 2021): 2150021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x21500211.

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The effects of polymorphic form and particle size of SiO2 fillers on the dielectric, mechanical and thermal properties of SiO2–Polyetheretherketone (SiO2–PEEK) composites were investigated in this paper. Strong low frequency (<10Hz) Debye-like dielectric dispersions could be observed for all samples. The dielectric permittivity at high frequencies of the composite exhibits little morphology or particle size-sensitive characteristics of the SiO2 fillers. All the composites obtained in this case demonstrate the dielectric permittivities of [Formula: see text] at high frequencies. The crystalline [Formula: see text]-cristobalite filled composite exhibits lower dielectric loss and mechanical strength, but larger thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity, compared with the similar particle sized amorphous SiO2 filled one. The crystalline [Formula: see text]-quartz filled composite demonstrates the lowest mechanical strength and highest dielectric loss. An increase in particle size of the spherical fused silica fillers decreases the dielectric loss, while increases the thermal conductivity of the composite. The flexural strength of the composite reaches the maximum value of 113 MPa when the particle size of spherical SiO2 filler is [Formula: see text]m. Particle packing by combining optimal amounts of differently sized spherical fused silica fillers leads to a substantial improvement of mechanical strength (153MPa) coupled with reasonable dielectric and thermal properties due to the synergic effect (dielectric permittivity ([Formula: see text] = 3.35, dielectric loss (tan[Formula: see text] @10 GHz, thermal conductivity ([Formula: see text] = 0.74 W/m*k ([Formula: see text]C), coefficient of thermal expansion ([Formula: see text]C and relative density ([Formula: see text]) = 99.72%).

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Cavdar, Kadir, and Mahmut Bingol. "Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Basalt Particle-Filled SMC Composites." International Journal of Polymer Science 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1231606.

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Basalt particles have been investigated as a novel additive for the production of glass fibre reinforced composite using sheet moulding compound (SMC) method. Compared to the CaCO3that are widely used as filler in the SMC composite, the resulting composites exhibit improved mechanical properties. The tensile strength increased by approximately 15%, whereas the flexural strength was enhanced by 8% in SMC composites prepared by basalt particles. Examination of the surface morphology and interfacial debonding of the specimens is also performed via scanning electron microscopy. Superior strength properties are observed in the basalt particle-reinforced composites compared to those with the CaCO3fillers.

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Li, Qing, and Xiao Xiang Yang. "Numerical Simulation for Mechanical Behavior of Carbon Black Filled Rubber Composites Based on Cubic Representative Volume Element." Key Engineering Materials 627 (September 2014): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.627.285.

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Based on the connection between macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of carbon black filled rubber composites, Representative Volume Element (RVE) containing one single particle has been proposed, and three dimensional cubic RVE has been established to study and analyze the macroscopic mechanical properties of the carbon black filled rubber composites by the micromechanical finite element method. The research shows that the stiffness of the composite is increased with the increase of the volume fraction of carbon black filler particles. By comparison, it is shown that the results of the predictions on the stress-strain behavior of the rubber composite made with the cubic RVE numerical models containing one spherical particle are in good agreement with the experimental results for seven and fifteen percent carbon black filler content, but there is some discrepancy between them for twenty-five percent carbon black filler content. The results of the predictions on the stress-strain behavior of the rubber composite made with the cubic RVE numerical models containing one cubical particle are higher than the experimental results, and the higher the carbon black filler content, the greater is the discrepancy between them.

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9

Kwon, Soon Chul, Tadaharu Adachi, Wakako Araki, and Akihiko Yamaji. "Effect of Particle Size on Fracture Toughness of Spherical-Silica Particle Filled Epoxy Composites." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.207.

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We investigated the particle size effects on the fracture toughness of epoxy resin composites reinforced with spherical-silica particles. The silica particles had different mean particle diameters of between 1.56 and 0.24µm and were filled with bisphenol A-type epoxy resin under different mixture ratios of small and large particles and a constant volume fraction for all particles of 0.30. As the content with the added smaller particle increased, the viscosity of each composite before curing remarkably increased. We conducted the single edge notched bending test (SENB) to measure the mode I fracture toughness of each composite. The fracture surface with the small particle content exhibited more rough areas than the surface with larger particles. The fracture toughness increased below the small particle content of 0.8 and saturated above it. Therefore, near the small particle content of 0.8, the composite had a relatively low viscosity and a high fracture toughness.

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10

Zhang, Huan, Zhiyi Zhang, Guizhe Zhao, Yaqing Liu, Ye Li, Jinquan Shou, and Lizhong Bai. "INFLUENCE OF FILLERS ON SEMI-EFFICIENT VULCANIZED NATURAL RUBBER: DYNAMIC PROPERTIES AND HEAT BUILDUP." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 88, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.15.85932.

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ABSTRACT Carbon black and silica have long been recognized as reinforcing fillers, but their effect on the dynamic properties and heat buildup of vulcanizates is rarely reported. Therefore, natural rubber composites filled by carbon black with different particle size and silica were prepared. The Payne effect and heat buildup progressively decrease with an increase of carbon black particle size because of weaker filler network structure and better dispersion, the N754 filled sample in particular shows the lowest value, only 4.7 °C. The tensile strength and tear strength of composites all increase with the reducing carbon black particle size. SiO2-filled composites exhibit obvious Payne effects and inferior mechanical properties; at high strains (>10%), tan δ of SiO2-filled composites surpasses all that of carbon black–filled composites, due to the surface silanol groups on the silica surface and due to the decreased cross-link density.

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11

Majer, Zdeněk, Pavel Hutař, and Zdeněk Knésl. "Crack Behaviour in Polymeric Composites: The Influence of Particle Shape." Key Engineering Materials 465 (January 2011): 564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.465.564.

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In this paper polymeric particulate composites are studied (especially polypropylene (PP) matrix stuffed by rigid mineral fillers). Presently, polymeric particulate composites are frequently used in many engineering applications. The composite was modeled as a three-phase continuum – matrix, interphase and particle. The properties of the particles (size, shape) have a significant effect on the global behaviour of the composite. On the basis of fracture mechanics methodology the interaction of micro-crack propagation in the matrix filled by rigid particles covered by the interphase was analyzed. The effect of the composite structure on their mechanical properties is studied here from the theoretical point of view.

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12

Wang, Ze Peng. "Experimental Study on Property of Rubber Composites Filled With Carbon Nanotubes." Advanced Materials Research 87-88 (December 2009): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.87-88.110.

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The basic and dynamic mechanical properties and thrermal conductivity of rubber composites filled with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and various particle-sized carbon blacks (CB) were investigated. Results indicated that tear strength and modulus at a definite elongation of rubber composites filled with CNTs were enhanced compared to the conventional CB filler. However, tensile strength and elongation at break became lower. Thermal conductivity of rubber composites partly filled with CNTs is higher than those filled with CB. Rubber filled with the combination of CNTs and the bigger CB particles was beneficial to improve wet-resistant performance and roll resistance of elastomer such as tire.

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13

Li, Qing, and Xiao Xiang Yang. "Numerical Simulation for Mechanical Behavior of Carbon Black Filled Rubber Composites Based on Plane Stress Model." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 2543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.2543.

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In this paper, Representative Volume Element with random distribution pattern has been built and applied to study and analyze the macro mechanical properties of the carbon black filled rubber composites by the micromechanical finite element method. And numerical simulations under uniaxial compression have been made by two-dimensional plane stress model. The periodic boundary conditions are imposed on each Representative Volume Element in order to ensure the compatibility of the deformation field. The dependence of the macroscopic stress-strain behavior and the effective elastic modulus of the composites, on particle distribution pattern, particle volume fraction and particle stiffness has been investigated and discussed. It is shown that the stiffness of the composite is increased considerably with the introduction of carbon black filler particles, and the effective elastic modulus of the composite is increased with the increase of the particle volume fraction.

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14

Mark, Uchechi C., Innocent C. Madufor, Henry C. Obasi, and Udochukwu Mark. "Influence of filler loading on the mechanical and morphological properties of carbonized coconut shell particles reinforced polypropylene composites." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 3 (July 18, 2019): 397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319856070.

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The high cost of mineral-based fillers and their processing difficulties have necessitated the search for alternative and cheaper filler materials, usually agro-waste materials such as coconut shells. The coconut shells were carbonized, pulverized, and sieved into four particles sizes, namely; 63 μm, 150 μm, 300 μm, and 425 μm. The carbonized coconut shell particles of each particle size were used as fillers in the preparation of polypropylene-filled composites at filler loadings of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt. %. The control was the neat polypropylene of 0% filler addition. The polypropylene/carbonized coconut shell particles composites were prepared via melt blending of polypropylene and the filler in an injection molding machine to obtain composite sheets. The influence of filler loading on the mechanical properties was evaluated. The addition of fillers was found to improve the yield strength, tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and hardness of polypropylene as these mechanical properties increased with increase in filler loading. The elongation at break and modulus of resilience of the prepared polypropylene/carbonized coconut shell particles composites were, however, observed to decline with an increase in the filler loading. Compared with the neat polypropylene, the filler showed enhanced mechanical properties in the prepared composites. SEM revealed good filler–matrix interaction because of good interfacial adhesion. The incorporation of more filler resulted in the formation of more spherulite-producing nuclei, reduction of pore sizes, and enhanced particle size distribution with improved mechanical properties. Experimental data modeling showed the addition of more than 48% carbonized coconut shell particles to polypropylene would compromise property enhancement.

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Jin, Zheng, Fei Liang, Wenzhong Lu, Jinhang Dai, Shunliang Meng, and Zihang Lin. "Effect of Particle Sizes of Nickel Powder on Thermal Conductivity of Epoxy Resin-Based Composites under Magnetic Alignment." Polymers 11, no. 12 (December 2, 2019): 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11121990.

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Magnetically oriented three-phase composite systems of epoxy resin, aluminum nitride, and nickel have been prepared, the thermal conductivity of composites filled with nickel powder with different particle sizes and content under different applied magnetic fields was studied. The vibrating scanning magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to investigate the dispersion of nickel powder in the composites. The results showed that the anisotropic thermal conductivity of the composites treated by applied magnetic field forming chain structure is obtained. The epoxy resin-based composites filled with 30 vol% aluminum nitride with particle size of 1 μm and 2 vol% nickel powder with particle size of 1 μm and aligned with vertical magnetic field have the highest thermal conductivity (1.474 W/mk), which increases the thermal conductivity of the composites by 737% and 58% compared to the pure epoxy resin (0.2 W/mk) and the composites filled with 30 vol% aluminum nitride (0.933 W/mk). In addition, we simulated the influence of nickel powder particles with different particle sizes and arrangements on the thermal conductivity of the composite material in COMSOL Multiphysics software, and the results were consistent with the experimental results.

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Han, Sung Won, and Thierry A. Blanchet. "Equations for Time-Dependent Wear and Induced Concentration Profiles in Particle-Filled Polymer Composites." Journal of Tribology 120, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834578.

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A time-dependent description of the sliding wear behavior of hard particle-filled polymer composites is developed. The description is based upon the accumulation of wear-resistant filler particles in the surface region, and development of wear-induced subsurface concentration profiles. Descriptive expressions for wear volume and induced filler volume fraction profile are functions of sliding distance as well as composite characteristics such as filler and matrix bulk volume fractions and specific wear rates. An experimental demonstration validates filler surface accumulation phenomenon as a basis for this model of time-dependent polymer composite wear. The demonstration also supports the feasibility of engineering composite materials with near-surface graded volume fraction profiles, resisting run-in wear contributions at the onset of sliding. Model predictions of steady-state volume fraction profile may guide design of such graded composite bearing surfaces.

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Huang, Li Hong, Xiaoxiang Yang, and Jianhong Gao. "Study on Microstructure Effect of Carbon Black Particles in Filled Rubber Composites." International Journal of Polymer Science 2018 (October 11, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2713291.

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The cross sections of blended natural/styrene-butadiene (NSBR) composites filled with different volume fractions of carbon particles were observed using a Quanta 250 scanning electron microscope. In addition, the sizes and distributions of the carbon particles were analyzed using Nano Measurer. A two-dimensional representative volume element model (RVE) for a rubber composite reinforced with circular carbon particles was established, and the uniaxial tensile behaviors of polymer nanocomposites with different particle size distribution patterns were simulated using the ABAQUS software. The results showed the following. (1) For the random models, if the difference of particle size was larger and particle distance was closer, stress distribution would be denser as well as the stress concentration would become greater. However, if the difference of particle size was small, for the case of same particle volume fraction, the particle size has little influence on the macromechanical properties whether the average size is large or small. (2) The correlation between the volume fraction and distribution of the carbon particles revealed that when the volume fraction of carbon black particles was larger than 12%, clusters between carbon particles in the polymer nanocomposites could not be avoided and the modulus of the composites increased with an increase in the cluster number.

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Shibata, Kei, Takeshi Ii, Takeshi Yamaguchi, and Kazuo Hokkirigawa. "Tribological behavior of polyacetal composite filled with rice bran ceramics particles under water lubrication." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 15 (November 2, 2017): 2075–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317740198.

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We investigated the tribological behavior of polyacetal polyoxymethylenecomposite filled with rice bran ceramics particles under water lubrication, compared to those of polyoxymethylene composites filled with glass beads and glass fibers. Furthermore, the local contact pressure between a particle and the paired ball was calculated based on a simple contact model. The polyoxymethylene/rice bran ceramics composite showed low wear ( ws < 10−8 mm2/N) and low friction ( μ < 0.10) under water lubrication, irrespective of the normal load and sliding velocity. On a Stribeck curve, the lubrication condition of the polyoxymethylene/rice bran ceramics composite appeared to be near hydrodynamic lubrication. The specific wear rates of the polyoxymethylene/rice bran ceramics composite were the lowest of the composites, regardless of the bearing characteristic number. A smooth worn surface was observed for both the polyoxymethylene/rice bran ceramics composite and the paired ball. The dimensionless roughness parameters of the polyoxymethylene/rice bran ceramics composite were smaller than 1.0, irrespective of the bearing characteristic number. The friction coefficients of the polyoxymethylene composites decreased exponentially with decreasing dimensionless roughness parameter; the low friction of the polyoxymethylene/rice bran ceramics composite resulted from the small roughness parameters. The rice bran ceramics particles indicated a small contact pressure per particle, which was nearly half the Vickers hardness of the steel ball. As a result, the rice bran ceramics particles rarely damaged the steel ball with increasing surface roughness. Therefore, the low friction of the polyoxymethylene composite filled with the rice bran ceramics particles was attributable to the decrease in the roughness, e.g., polishing without the formation of a transfer film and the filler detachment.

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Mohan, N., S. Natarajan, S. P. Kumaresh Babu, Siddaramaiah, and Joong Hee Lee. "Solid Particle Erosion of UHMWPE Filled Aramid Fabric-Epoxy Hybrid Composites." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 1051–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.1051.

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The effect of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) on solid particle erosion behaviour of aramid fabric reinforced-epoxy (A-E) hybrid composites was investigated. The aramid fabric reinforced-epoxy hybrid composites have been fabricated with and with out UHMWPE filler. The solid particle erosive wear was evaluated at different impingement angles from 300 to 90 0 at constant velocity and at constant standoff distance .The silica sand of size 30 -50 and 60 -80 μm was used as erodent. The results show erosive rate of UHMWPE filled aramid- epoxy composite shows lowest value. The presence of UHMWPE in epoxy matrix gives good bonding between filler and matrix. The morphologies of eroded surface were examined by the SEM in order to establish the erosion mechanism of the composites.

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Li, Mi Dan, Yao Lu, Lu Lu Feng, Huan Niu, and Ya Wen Kong. "Effects of Particle Size of Copper on the Electrical Property and Hardness of Copper/Graphite/Carbon Fiber/Phenolic Resin Composites." Advanced Materials Research 661 (February 2013): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.661.120.

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Composites made from phenolic resin are filled with conductive filler mixtures containing copper powders, natural graphite powders and carbon fibers. They are fabricated by compression molding technique. The density, electrical conductivity and hardness of composite are analyzed to determine the influence of copper particle size on the physical, electrical and mechanical properties of composite. It is found that there is a marked dependence of the electrical conductivity and hardness on copper particle size. The hardness decreases with the decreasing of copper particle size. However the electrical conductivity increases with the decreasing of copper particle size. The decreasing of copper particle size from 75 µm to 48 µm promotes a considerable increase in electrical conductivity by about 427%. The increased continuous conductive metal networks could be the main reason for the increasing of electrical conductivity as copper particle size decreases. The results also show that composites containing copper particles of different sizes have the nearly same density.

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Ju, Suhawn, Jinyoung Yoon, Deokyong Sung, and Sukhoon Pyo. "Mechanical Properties of Coal Ash Particle-Reinforced Recycled Plastic-Based Composites for Sustainable Railway Sleepers." Polymers 12, no. 10 (October 6, 2020): 2287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102287.

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This experimental research investigates the mechanical properties of municipal plastic waste-based particulate composites reinforced with coal ash (CA), the by-product of thermal power plants, for sustainable railway sleepers. Six series of sustainable composites filled with inorganic mineral fillers, including CA, were prepared by a twin-screw extruder and a compression molding machine. The effect of mix design variables—such as filler type, contents and the particle size of the filler—on mechanical properties—including tensile, compression and flexural properties—and morphology were characterized. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the morphology of the composites, which revealed the uniform dispersion of fillers in the polymer matrix. The study results conclude that the recycled plastic-based composite with the addition of CA up to 60% is suitable for railway sleeper applications. This experimental study may provide new insight into the railway applications of the developed composites under service loading conditions including traffic loading and earthquake.

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Tavman, Ismail H. "Preparation and Characterization of Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites Based on Ethylene–Vinylacetate Copolymer (EVA) Reinforced with Expanded and Unexpanded Graphite." Advanced Materials Research 1114 (July 2015): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1114.92.

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Recently polymer nanocomposites are used more and more frequently in industry due to the fact that the properties of the polymers can be altered to the specific requirements by the addition of particles and fibers of different properties, shapes. Polymers are poor thermal and electrical conductors, conductive fillers such as metallic powders, carbon black, graphite, are usually incorporated into polymer matrix to produce conducting composites. In this study composites were prepared using ethylenevinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer as matrix filled with two kinds of reinforcement graphite materials: untreated natural graphite (UG) and expanded graphite (EG). Composite samples up to 29.3 % graphite particle volumetric concentrations (50 % mass concentration) were prepared by the melt mixing process in a Brabender Plasticorder. Upon mixing, the EG particles originally 5μm to 6μm in size, exfoliates in the form of nanosheets having a few nanometer thickness; they have very big surface areas with high aspect ratio ranging between 20 and 250, as evidenced by TEM micrographs. From the experimental results it was deduced that the electrical conductivity was not only a function of filler concentration, but also strongly dependent on the graphite structure. The percolation concentration of the filler was found to be (15 to 17) vol% for micro-sized natural graphite, whereas the percolation concentration of the filler in nanocomposites filled with expanded graphite was much lower, about (5 to 6) vol%. The electrical conductivity of nanocomposites was also much higher than the electrical conductivity of composites filled with micro-sized filler at similar concentrations. Similarly, the values of the thermal diffusivity for the nanocomposites, EG-filled EVA, were significantly higher than the thermal diffusivity of the composites filled with micro-sized filler, UG-filled EVA, at similar concentrations. The effect of thermal cycling on the tensile behavior of EVA composites containing 4% and 15% of UG by mass and 6% and 15% of EG by mass were subjected to thermal cycling between-25 to +60 °C. Tension tests were conducted after thermal cycling for 50 and 100 cycles. Tensile strength remained practically unchanged after thermal cycling, while the Young modulus increased appreciably with the number of thermal cycle.

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Abd Latif, Mohd Abrar, Mohd Edeerozey Abd Manaf, Muhammad Izzat Syahmi Firdaus, Loganarrth Maslamany, and Rose Farahiyan Munawar. "Effects of Particulate Types on Biomass Particulate Filled Kenaf/Polypropylene Composite." Key Engineering Materials 694 (May 2016): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.694.23.

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The application of natural fibers in composite is very encouraging because of its many benefits such as more environmental friendly and cost reduction. Recently, there is an interest on the application of kenaf-based material for high-end uses such as in automotive industry. In this research, mechanical properties of kenaf fiber reinforced polypropylene (KFRP) composite added with two different types of bio-based fillers, i.e., oil palm shell particle (OPSP) and rubber seed shell particle (RSSP) are studied. The composites were prepared by melt mixing of the materials using internal mixer, followed by compression molding process using hot press machine. The tensile and flexural strength were found to increase with the addition of OPSP as well as RSSP. However, KFRP composite added with RSSP showed better tensile, flexural and impact properties as compared to the composite added with OPSP. From microscopic observation of the raw OPSP and RSSP particles, it was observed that OPSP showed a more granular shape, while RSSP particles were flakier in shape. This difference in particle shape is believed to affect the mechanical properties of the composites as demonstrated in this study.

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Deng, Shengwei. "Multiscale Simulation of Branched Nanofillers on Young’s Modulus of Polymer Nanocomposites." Polymers 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 1368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10121368.

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Nanoscale tailoring the filler morphology in experiment offers new opportunities to modulate the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. Based on the conventical rod and experimentally available tetrapod filler, I compare the nanofiller dispersion and elastic moduli of these two kinds of nanocomposites via molecular dynamics simulation and a lattice spring model. The results show that the tetrapod has better dispersion than the rod, which is facilitate forming the percolation network and thus benefitting the mechanical reinforcement. The elastic modulus of tetrapod filled nanocomposites is much higher than those filled with rod, and the modulus disparity strongly depends on the aspect ratio of fillers and particle-polymer interaction, which agrees well with experimental results. From the stress distribution analysis on single particles, it is concluded that the mechanical disparity between bare rod and tetrapod filled composites is due to the effective stress transfer in the polymer/tetrapod composites.

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Low, L. F., and A. Abu Bakar. "Advanced hollow epoxy particle-filled composites." Journal of Composite Materials 45, no. 22 (May 24, 2011): 2287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998311401081.

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Alghamdi, Mohammed N. "Effect of Filler Particle Size on the Recyclability of Fly Ash Filled HDPE Composites." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 23, 2021): 2836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162836.

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Fly ash polymer composites are innovative high-performance materials that reduce the environmental worries and disposal complications of heavy industry produced fly ash. This study developed and characterized such composites of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrices and found that the use of small (50–90 µm) particles of fly ash could give rise to the tensile modulus (~95%) and tensile strength (~7%) of their reinforced composites when compared to neat HDPE materials. While these results themselves convey a strong message of how fly ash can be effectively utilized, this was not the key aim of the current study. The study was extended to examine the effect of fly ash particle size on the recyclability of relevant HDPE composites. The extrusion-based multiple recycling of composites gave slightly lower mechanical properties, primarily due to filler/matrix delamination when large fly ash particles were used. Compared to freshly made fly ash-filled HDPE composites, although using small (50–90 µm) fly ash particles reduced the tensile modulus and tensile strength of recycled composites, the values were still far above those from neat HDPE materials. This novel insight directs the effective utilization of fly ash and provides long-term sustainable and economical solutions for their practical applicability.

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Ding, Nai Xiu, Fu Lan Hao, Lei Li, Wen Sun, and Liang Liu. "Study on Physical and Dynamic Properties of BR Based Composites Filled with Different Particle Size of Magnesia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.165.

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BR/MgO composites were prepared with seven kinds of particle sizes of MgO filled respectively. Effects of particle sizes on dynamic mechanical properties, vulcanization characteristics and physical properties of BR/MgO composites were studied. The results showed that the tensile strength of composites filled nanoscale of MgO was nine times of pure BR, and the vulcanization time was significantly shorter than that of composites filled with micron grade filler. The RPA experiments proved that the composites filled with MgO of 20nm and 50nm have greatly higher G＇, and that the G＇of the composites increase markedly while the value of tanδ decrease sharply with given temperature above 90 °C increasing. the higher value of tanδ at the frequency mode, and the obvious Payne effect compared with the composites filled micron grade of MgO

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He, Chun Xia, Jun Jun Liu, Pan Fang Xue, and Hong Yan Gu. "Study on Integrated Properties of PP Composites Filled with Rice Husks Powder." Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (March 2011): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.347.

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The influence of the rice husks powder (RHP) content and its particle size distribution on the composite’s tensile strength, fracturing elongation ratio, flexural strength and flexural elastic modulus has been investigated. Respective water absorption and thermal properties of PP composites incorporated with different proportion of RHP have also been analyzed. The microstructure of fractured surfaces was further observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the composites with RHP of 245 μm have higher mechanical properties. The tensile strength and fracturing elongation ratio decrease with the increase of RHP content, and reach peak values in 30% RHP content. Water absorption and volume expansion ratio of the composite increase with the increasing of RHP content. Flexural strength and flexural modulus decrease after water absorption. When PHR content is low, the RHP particles are well distributed and the interface of RHP and PP is smooth. When PHR content is higher, the RHP particles tend to agglomerate, leading to poorer interface and lower mechanical properties, the composite failed with brittle fracture.

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Mamunya, Ye P., V. V. Davydenko, H. Zois, L. Apekis, A. A. Snarskii, and K. V. Slipchenko. "Dielectric Properties of Polymers Filled with Dispersed Metals." Polymers and Polymer Composites 10, no. 3 (March 2002): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110201000304.

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The authors have studied the dielectric properties of composite materials based on both thermoplastic and thermoset resins filled with nickel or copper, with various particle sizes and shapes. In addition, two types of particle distribution, random and segregated, were produced for composites filled with nickel. The main objective was to study the effect of the above factors on the dielectric properties of the composites. The concentration dependence of the dielectric parameters (i.e. the real, ∊′, and the imaginary, ∊″, parts of the complex dielectric permittivity and the dielectric loss tangent, tanδ), calculated for all the systems studied, demonstrates a critical behaviour in the percolation threshold region, with maximum values reached at a volume fraction ϕ = ϕc. The dependence of the dielectric parameters on concentration follows power-law behaviour in the ϕ < ϕc region. The critical exponent value for ∊′ is q = 0.75, in agreement with the theoretical one. The dielectric characteristics of the filled composites are more sensitive to the spatial filler distribution. For the segregated PVC-Ni system with an ordered filler distribution, the value of ϕc is much lower than for ER-Ni composites with a random filler distribution. Besides, for the segregated PVC-Ni system, the value of q is not constant, as it depends on the filler concentration. A model for the structure, which explains this behaviour, is proposed.

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Bútora, Peter, Antonín Náplava, Martin Ridzoň, Jozef Bílik, and Viktor Tittel. "Particle Filled Polyethylene Composites Used in the Technology of Rotational Moulding." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 19, no. 31 (January 1, 2011): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10186-011-0051-5.

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Particle Filled Polyethylene Composites Used in the Technology of Rotational Moulding The submitted article discusses rotational moulding technology and filled plastics. For testing, linear low density polyethylene filled with talc was used. The materials tested varied way of mixing the filler into the polymer. For the prepared samples were evaluated by tensile, elongation, melt flow index, density, Shore hardness and Vicat softening temperature. Experiments showed that, in principle, it is possible to produce rotational moulding technology filled thermoplastics.

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Blanchet, Thierry A., and Sung Won Han. "Simulation of the Time-Dependent Wear and Surface Accumulation Behavior of Particle-Filled Polymer Composites." Journal of Tribology 120, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834402.

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A simulation has been developed to model the transient wear of particle-filled polymer composites as a function of sliding distance. All inputs are parameters of physical significance, including filler bulk volume fraction, specific wear rate (relative to that of the matrix), and contact pressure. Run-in wear behavior is simulated by consideration of the accumulation of wear-resistant filler particles and the formation of a volume fraction profile near the composite sliding surface, facilitated by matrix cold flow. Simulation outputs include time-dependent volume fraction profile, and composite wear rate and wear volume. The simulation may be used for evaluation of candidate materials for applications in which nonsteady-state run-in wear effects are important, as well as a guide for the engineering of composite surfaces with graded volume fraction profiles that may provide resistance to initial transient wear contributions.

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Chen, Xi Liang, Xin Chen, Dang Sheng Li, and Zhi Yong Zhu. "Dielectric Properties of Carbon-Materials-Filled Composites Characterized by Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 1408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.1408.

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The optical properties of composites, formed by filling the high density polyethylene (HDPE) with carbon black (CB), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and fullerene (C60), respectively, in the frequence region from 0.3 to 2.0 terahertz (THz) were characterized with THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). It is found that the optical parameters and the details of their variation with frequence and filler concentration are significantly different for different kinds of carbon materials. The MWNTs filled composites have the biggest absorption coefficient value, refractive index and real conductivity. The C60/HDPE composite shows very little changes in absorption and refractive index compared to that of the HDPE even at a filler-content of 12.3% in volume fraction. These phenomena are related to the special properties of the fillers as well as their particulate structures, such as aspect ratio, particle size, and aggregate structure, etc. The results are analyzed by using Cole-Cole theory of dipole relaxation under the assumption that carbon particles dispersed in the matrix behave like dipoles.

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Shivashankar, Hiremath, Rajole Sangamesh, and S. M. Kulkarni. "Analysis of Coefficient of Thermal Expansion in Carbon Black Filled PDMS Composite." Materials Science Forum 978 (February 2020): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.978.237.

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Polymer composites are gaining attention due to their superior thermal properties. Especially carbon black /carbon nanotubes/ graphene filled polymer composites are used in energy harvesting, thermal actuators and MEMS. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is one of the most important properties in the polymer composite. In the present study, thermal expansion of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix is filled with carbon black particle of varied volume fraction is modeled. Two-dimensional finite element (FE) model is computed in order to explain the thermal expansion behavior of the polymer composite and same is carried out for ambient to 70 K temperature. A 2D regular arrangement of circular particle packing model is set up and simulated. The FE model predicts that filler geometry has a little effect on the thermal expansion than the percentage of filler in the composite. Thermal expansion of composite is compared with the theoretical model. It shows that the CTE of composite reduces as the filler percentage increase, also gives good agreement in the both models. Hence, it is found that the addition of carbon black to the polymer composite could make it perform significantly better in thermal expansion.

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Li, Xiao Chuan, and Xiang Yong Huang. "Numerical Investigation of Thermal Conductivity of Particle Dispersive Composites Based on Fractal Method." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 1808–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1808.

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Heat conduction performance of particle dispersive composites has been numerically investigated by using Finite volume method (FVM) and fractal theory. The effects of the thermal conductivity of particle and polymer matrix, the volume fraction of conductive particle, the dispersion and reunion form of particles on the effective thermal conductivity of composites are analyzed in detail. Results from the research indicate that thermal conductivities of composites will increase nonlinearly along with the increase of filling fraction of particles. Keeping the filling fraction constant, the dispersion and reunion form and direction of particles has significant effect on heat conduction performance of composite. Simple use of high thermal conductivity particles has limited effect on thermal performance of composites. Enhancing the contacts of particle in the direction of heat exchange and forming high heat transfer channels are the main and economical ways to improve heat conduction performance of particulate filled polymer matrix composites.

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Li, Mi Dan, Shou Bin Wei, Huan Niu, and Hong Yang. "Effect of Ratio of Copper Fiber/Copper Powder on Electrical Conductivity and Hardness of Copper/Graphite/Phenolic Resin Composites." Advanced Materials Research 457-458 (January 2012): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.457-458.11.

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Composites made of phenolic resin filled with graphite platelets and copper particles (copper powder, copper fiber or both mixture), are fabricated by mechanical mixing, followed by compression molding. SEM micrograph indicates that the fillers are homogenously dispersed in composite. The electrical conductivity of composite composed of 30 wt% resin, 50 wt% graphite and 20 wt% copper particle (10/10 wt/wt copper powder/copper fiber) is up to 65S/cm. The efficiency of copper fiber is compared with copper powder. The results show that copper fiber is more effective than copper powder in improving electrical conductivity for copper homogenously dispersed composite. The particle shape is also a principal factor in influencing hardness. In this study, the hardness of composites tends to increase with decreasing the ratio of copper fiber/copper powder.

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Wu, Lirong, and Dandan Yang. "Dielectric Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-Based Composites with Graphite Nanosheet and Nickel Particle." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 3591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16137.

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The nickel (Ni) particles and graphite nanosheet (GNS) filled poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composites were prepared by solution blending and hot-press processing in the magnetic field. The influence of Ni particles and GNS fillers for the structure, morphology, AC conductivity, dielectric properties and thermal conductivity of composites was investigated. The results showed that the β-phase crystals of PVDF matrix was increased obviously. The AC conductivity, dielectric constant and dielectric loss of PVDF/Ni/GNS composite reached to 10−9 s/cm, 62 and 0.39 when the filler loading was 11 wt.% at 102 Hz, respectively. At the ratio of 15 wt.% filler, the AC conductivity of PVDF/Ni/GNS composite was vastly improved to 10−6 s/cm, however, the dielectric constant increased to ~80 and dielectric loss was over 600 at 102 Hz. By comparing the dielectric performance of PVDF/Ni/GNS, PVDF/Ni and PVDF/GNS composites, it is found that the parallel arrangement of the filler conduces to improve the dielectric properties of the composites. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of PVDF/Ni/GNS composites increased with the increase of Ni and GNS contents and the value raised to over 0.5 W/mK when filler loading was 15 wt.%.

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Han, Sung Won, and Thierry A. Blanchet. "Experimental Evaluation of a Steady-State Model for the Wear of Particle-Filled Polymer Composite Materials." Journal of Tribology 119, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 694–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2833871.

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A model for the steady-state wear behavior of polymer composite materials, including the effects of preferential load support by and surface accumulation of wear-resistant filler particles, is further developed. It is shown that the resultant inverse rule-of-mixtures description of steady-state composite wear rate behavior is independent of the assumed form of filler contact pressure, though preferential load support does affect the degree of surface accumulation of filler particles that occurs. The validity of these descriptions of steady-state wear behavior and surface accumulation as functions of bulk filler volume fraction are investigated by experiments with copper particle-filled PTFE composites for bulk filler volume fractions from 0 to 40 percent. The applicability of the description of surface accumulation for this composite system was limited to bulk filler volume fractions less than 20 percent, a hypothesized result of transition in load-sharing between filler and matrix. The inverse rule-of-mixtures description of steady-state wear rate, however, was maintained over the full range of volume fractions investigated.

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Alsaadi, Mohamad, Ahmet Erkliğ, and Mehmet Bulut. "Mixed-mode I/III fracture toughness of polymer matrix composites toughened with waste particles." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 25, no. 4 (July 26, 2018): 679–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2016-0326.

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Abstract Fracture toughness of particle-filled polymer composite beams with different particle content for varying of crack inclination angles was investigated in mode I and mode III loading conditions. The beams were tested using three-point bending test with crack inclination angles of 30°, 45°, 75°, and 90°. Sewage sludge ash (SSA), fly ash (FA), and silicon carbide (SiC) microparticles were used as toughening fillers with 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% contents of the total weight of the polymer composites. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs showed that a good indication was observed for dispersion of FA, SSA, and SiC particles within the polymer matrix. The critical crack tip stress intensity factors KIc (crack angle 90°) and KIIIc, and the critical strain energy release rates GIc and GIIIc were calculated and their results were compared. The mode I and mode III fracture toughness of the particulate polyester composite were improved by addition of particulate fillers. The maximum values of fracture toughness mode I (KIc and GIc) and mode III (KIIIc and GIIIc) were recorded at particle content of 5 wt% polymer composites.

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Kairytė, Agnė, Saulius Vaitkus, and Sigitas Vėjelis. "Titanate-Based Surface Modification of Paper Waste Particles and its Impact on Rigid Polyurethane Foam Properties." Key Engineering Materials 721 (December 2016): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.721.58.

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Producing particulate filled polymer composites, even dispersion and sufficient adhesion between filler and polymer matrix is of great importance. In order to solve these issues, methodologies, such as ultrasonic dispersing and coupling agents, are proposed. The impact of particle surface modification with three different titanate coupling agents having the tradenames of TCA L44, TCA L38 and TCA K44 on paper waste sludge particles surface, polyurethane foam composite density, compressive and tensile strengths as well as water absorption and water vapour permeability is evaluated. Apparently, titanates form layer on the particle surface, thus increasing the interfacial adhesion between particles and polymer matrix. Basing on the obtained results, the optimal amount and type of titanate is 1 wt.% of TCA K44.

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Majer, Zdeněk, and Luboš Náhlík. "Micro-Crack Propagation in Particulate Composite with Different Types of Matrix." Applied Mechanics and Materials 245 (December 2012): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.245.138.

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Particulate composites with polymer matrix and solid fillers are one of important types of materials. Generally, these materials are usually used as construction materials, high-performance engineering materials or protective organic coatings. The main aim of a present paper is an estimation of the micro-crack behavior in the particulate composite with non-linear polymer matrix. The polymer matrix filled by magnesia-based mineral filler is investigated by means of the finite element method. A non-linear material behavior of the matrix was obtained from experiment as well as properties of mineral filler. Numerical model on the base of representative plane element (RPE) was developed. The results show that the presence of interphase between particle and matrix can improve fracture toughness of polymer particle composite through debonding process. The conclusions of this paper can contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of micro-crack in particulate composites with respect to interphase.

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Barczewski, Mateusz, Danuta Matykiewicz, Olga Mysiukiewicz, and Paweł Maciejewski. "Evaluation of polypropylene hybrid composites containing glass fiber and basalt powder." Journal of Polymer Engineering 38, no. 3 (March 28, 2018): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2017-0019.

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AbstractPolypropylene composites filled with inorganic fillers are widely used due to their good mechanical and thermal properties. The modification efficiency of filler incorporated into thermoplastic polymer strongly depends on its shape and dimension. Therefore, the development of novel hybrid composites modified with particle and fibrous shaped fillers expands the range of thermoplastic composite applications. This work investigates the influence of glass fiber and basalt powder and their shape on the mechanical properties of polypropylene-based composites. Mechanical properties of hybrid composites were evaluated using static tensile test, impact resistance, and hardness measurements. The thermomechanical stability of the materials was evaluated via dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Results indicated that the incorporation of inorganic fillers significantly improved the composite sample stiffness at a wide range of temperatures. The research was complemented with structure investigations realized using scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the incorporation of basalt powder, which is well known for its low friction coefficient, improved the processing properties, as proven by the melt flow index test.

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Alavi, Fatemeh, and Ali Ashrafi. "Mechanical Properties of Glass–Fiber Polyester Reinforced Composites Filled with Nanometer Al₂O₃ Particles." Advanced Materials Research 586 (November 2012): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.586.199.

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In this research the effects of the nano-particle additions and two different fabric architectures of knitted E-glass fibers on the mechanical properties of polyester fiberglass composites were investigated. The particles selected was 50 nanometer in size Al2O3 particles. E-glass fibers were knitted using two different molds by two different arrangements. Specimens were machined and mechanical tests were conducted as per the accepted test standard. Tension, impact and fracture properties were measured and their associated failure modes were compared with each other. Fracture behavior of specimens with and without nano-particle addition in unidirectional tensile test was studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results obtained showed that tensile strength of the composite is significantly dependent on nano-particle addition and E-glass fiber architecture. Addition of 0.2 weight percent nano-particles enhances the tensile properties of polyester fiberglass composites. It was found that fracture behavior of composite depends strongly on nano-particle addition.

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Poveda, Ronald, Nikhil Gupta, and Maurizio Porfiri. "Poisson's ratio of hollow particle filled composites." Materials Letters 64, no. 21 (November 2010): 2360–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2010.07.063.

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Vipulanandan, C., and N. Dharmarajan. "Fracture Properties of Particle Filled Polymer Composites." Journal of Composite Materials 23, no. 8 (August 1989): 846–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002199838902300805.

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Basaran, Cemal, and Eray Gunel. "Predicting elastic modulus of particle filled composites." International Journal of Materials and Structural Integrity 7, no. 1/2/3 (2013): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmsi.2013.055109.

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Markovic, Gordana, Milena Marinovic-Cincovic, Blaga Radovanovic, and Jaroslava Budinski-Simendic. "Rheological and mechanical properties of wood flour filled polyisoprene/chlorosulphonated polyethylene rubber blends." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 13, no. 4 (2007): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq0704186m.

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The effect of wood flour (WF) on curing behavior and swelling properties of polyisoprene rubber/chlorosulphonated polyethylene (NR/CSM) rubber blends was investigated. The mechanical properties, as well as the equilibrium swelling characteristics of the elastomeric composites filled with WF (particle size from 300 to 400 ?m) were measured as a function of filler loading (the range of 0 to 50 phr) and compared with the values for the elastomeres based on commercial grade carbon black filler (nano-sized particles, 26-30 nm). In some formulations phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins are used to achieve better adhesion between rubber macromolecules and filler particles. For WF filled elastomeres the maximum tensile strength of 11 MPa at 20 phr was recorded. Hardness of samples filled with WF increased with filler loading. Abrasion resistance decreases marginally with increasing filler loading. The equilibrium sorption in toluene of NR/CSM vulcanizates filled decreased with increasing filler loading for both type of filler.

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Funabashi, Masahiro, Yoshifumi Inuzuka, and Masao Kunioka. "Poly(lactic acid) Composites Directly Molded from Lactide and Particle Fillers." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 1157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.1157.

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Polymer composite samples consisting of L-Lactic acid (LA) was reacted by ring-opening polymerization with aluminum triflate as a catalyst, glycerol as an initiator and various particles as fillers. Cellulose particles, kaolin and silica gel with different particle sizes were employed as fillers. Filler content was varied 0 to 100 wt% as ratio of filler weight to PLA weight. L-Lactide (L-LA), aluminum triflate as catalyst, glycerol as an initiator and particles were mixed at room temperature and then were put into plastic tubes. The mixture in tubes was heated and reacted at 100 oC for 6 hours. The samples were removed from tubes after cooling and were cut into the column shape specimen with diameter of 10 mm and ca. 10 mm height. By the above procedure, particles could be mixed to poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix easily and homogeneously. The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of PLA matrix were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Apparent density of composite samples was calculated by using weight and sizes of column shape specimens. The mechanical properties such as elastic modulus and strength were investigated by compression tests using column shape specimens. Molecular weight and molecular weight distribution were almost constant for all the samples with and without particles. Elastic modulus and compression strength were improved by particles. For the cellulose particles filled samples, the highest values of elastic modulus and compression strength were derived at filler content of around 20 vol%. The influences of sizes and types of particles on the physical properties such as molecular weight, density and mechanical properties were investigated.

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Loonpun, Chonpicha, Arisara Chaikittiratana, Utid Suripa, and Atitaya Tohsan. "Eco-Friendly Composites Derived from Natural Rubber and Wasted Materials." Key Engineering Materials 856 (August 2020): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.856.261.

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The fillers from agriculture and industrial wastes filled natural rubber (NR) have been prepared to clarify their properties and develop to be the eco-friendly composites. This research aims to study the composites namely rice husk ash (RHA)/NR, clay/NR and crumb rubber/NR composites on the curing characteristics, mechanical and morphological properties. The results indicated that depending on a chemical composition of fillers, the properties of the composites are varied. For clay/NR composite, the occurrence of vulcanization was delayed comparing to the others. In term of mechanical properties, crumb/NR composite shows a toughest characteristic, for examples, it has the highest tensile strength, elongation at break and tear resistance, whereas hysteresis loss was found to be lowest among the composites. The toughness of crumb/NR composite can be influenced by a better interfacial interaction between filler and matrix comparing to the others as revealed by SEM. The clay/NR composite, on the other hand, has the highest hardness among the composites due to the hardness of clay itself and its uniformity of particle size. In the case of RHA/NR composite, from morphological observation by SEM shows that RHA particles have very poor dispersion in NR matrix which resulted in poor mechanical properties. However, the presence of RHA agglomerates was found to be beneficial for loading a high stress under a small deformation, for example, at 25% elongation. Therefore, these three difference composites from wasted materials were found to have unique characteristics which can be chosen and applied for some specific applications.

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Evgin, Tuba, and Ismail Hakkı Tavman. "Thermal Conductivity of Aluminum Particle Filled High Density Polyethylene Composites – Particle Size Effect." Advanced Materials Research 1114 (July 2015): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1114.44.

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The aim of the experimental study is to determine thermal conductivity of composites as a function of volume fraction and size of aluminum (Al) particles. High density polyethylene (HDPE) were filled with Al particles that have different particle sizes, 80 nm and 40-80 μm. Nanocomposites were prepared by the melt-mixing technique at various volume fractions (up to 33%). Thermal conductivity of polymer composites has been measured by C-Therm thermal analyzer depending on the modified transient plane source technique. Thermal conductivity of HDPE/Al composites increases by increasing volume fraction of Al in HDPE matrix. It is found that size of Al particles hasn’t significant effect on thermal conductivity, thermal conductivity of HDPE/Al (80 nm) is close to thermal conductivity of HDPE/Al (40-80 μm).

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Müller, M., P. Valášek, M. Linda, and S. Petrásek. "Exploitation of Hazelnut (Corylus avellana) Shell Waste in the Form of Polymer–Particle Biocomposite." Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sab-2018-0009.

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Abstract Mechanically ground hazelnut (Corylus avellana) shells, a food industry by-product of hazelnuts processing, were tested for use as a composite material filler. Mechanical properties and fracture surface of the composite were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Polymer composites, i.e. resins filled with microparticles of hazelnut shells, were tested at various concentrations of the filler (5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%). Hazelnut shell microparticles used at low concentration (5 wt%) increased tensile strength. The filler did not considerably influence hardness of the composite. Adhesive bond strength did not significantly change up to 20 wt%. The hazelnut shell microparticles were well wetted with the resin.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Particle filled composites'

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