Books: 'Particle in CelI'

1

MacNeice, Peter. Particle-mesh techniques. Goddard Space Flight Center, 1995.

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2

Birch, Paul Colin. Particle-in-cell simulations of the lunar wake. typescript, 2001.

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3

Bahmani-Makvandzadeh, M. Controlled particle desposition in a reticulated vitreous carbon electrochemical adsorption cell. UMIST, 1996.

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4

Rantamäki, Karin. Particle-in-cell simulations of the near-field of a lower hybrid grill. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2003.

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5

Gaier, James R. Effect of particle size of Martian dust on the degradation of photovoltaic cell performance. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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6

Chen, Maozhang. Numerical simulation of Tollmien-Schlichting waves by use of a modified vortex particle-in-cell method. Imperial College of Science and Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics, 1985.

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7

Dieckmann, Mark Eric. A survey of elementary plasma instabilities and ECH wave noise properties relevant to plasma sounding by means of particle in cell simulations. typescript, 1999.

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8

Partition of cell particles and macromolecules: Separation and purification of biomolecules, cell organelles, membranes, and cells in aqueous polymer two-phase systems and their use in biochemical analysis and biotechnology. 3rd ed. Wiley, 1986.

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9

Siersma, D. New Developments in Singularity Theory. Springer Netherlands, 2001.

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10

Gil, Juan. Aspects of Boundary Problems in Analysis and Geometry. Birkhäuser Basel, 2004.

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11

Carvalho, Alexandre N. Attractors for infinite-dimensional non-autonomous dynamical systems. Springer New York, 2013.

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12

Barnett, Alex, 1972 December 7- editor of compilation, ed. Spectral geometry. American Mathematical Society, 2012.

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13

P, Minicozzi William, ed. A course in minimal surfaces. American Mathematical Society, 2011.

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14

Li, Weiping, and Shihshu Walter Wei. Geometry and topology of submanifolds and currents: 2013 Midwest Geometry Conference, October 19, 2013, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma : 2012 Midwest Geometry Conference, May 12-13, 2012, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma. American Mathematical Society, 2015.

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15

Harmonic maps and differential geometry: A harmonic map fest in honour of John C. Wood's 60th birthday, September 7-10, 2009, Cagliari, Italy. American Mathematical Society, 2011.

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16

(Dietmar), Salamon D., ed. J-holomorphic curves and symplectic topology. 2nd ed. American Mathematical Society, 2012.

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17

Sklar, Larry A., ed. Flow Cytometry for Biotechnology. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195183146.001.0001.

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Flow cytometry is a sensitive and quantitative platform for the measurement of particle fluorescence. In flow cytometry, the particles in a sample flow in single file through a focused laser beam at rates of hundreds to thousands of particles per second. During the time each particle is in the laser beam, on the order of ten microseconds, one or more fluorescent dyes associated with that particle are excited. The fluorescence emitted from each particle is collected through a microscope objective, spectrally filtered, and detected with photomultiplier tubes. Flow cytometry is uniquely capable of the precise and quantitative molecular analysis of genomic sequence information, interactions between purified biomolecules and cellular function. Combined with automated sample handling for increased sample throughput, these features make flow cytometry a versatile platform with applications at many stages of drug discovery. Traditionally, the particles studied are cells, especially blood cells; flow cytometry is used extensively in immunology. This volume shows how flow cytometry is integrated into modern biotechnology, dealing with issues of throughput, content, sensitivity, and high throughput informatics with applications in genomics, proteomics and protein-protein interactions, drug discovery, vaccine development, plant and reproductive biology, pharmacology and toxicology, cell-cell interactions and protein engineering.

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18

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Particle-mesh techniques. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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19

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Particle-mesh techniques. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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20

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Particle-mesh techniques. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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21

Numerical ""Particle-In-Cell"" Methods: Theory and Applications. Brill Academic Publishers, 2002.

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22

Qin, Bai-Lin. High voltage dc bipolar corona via particle-in-cell simulation. 1993.

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23

Wang, Qingyuan. Particle-in-cell simulation of a radioactive potential probe in wind. 1991.

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24

Simic-Stefani, Sanja. Numerical and experimental investigation of solid particle motion in a fluid cell under microgravity. 2005.

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25

Day, Gregory Allen. In vitro transformation of phagocytized beryllium oxide particles in the murine J774A.1 cell. [s.n.], 2002.

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26

Avner, Friedman, and Aguda B, eds. Cell cycle, proliferation, and cancer. Springer, 2006.

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27

Almatar, Ashraf, and Michael A. S. Jewett. Treatment of localized renal cell cancer. Edited by James W. F. Catto. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0086.

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The incidence of localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has increased due to the widespread use of abdominal imaging, often for unrelated conditions. Despite improved understanding of the natural history of slow growth in many tumours and the impact of ageing and co-morbidities on patient survival, RCC is still the most lethal of genitourinary cancers and surgery remains the mainstay of treatment. Localized RCC is defined as stages T1-2 N0 M0. The relatively safe needle core biopsy is increasingly used, especially for small renal masses (SRMs), as we now know that up to 30% are benign and that RCC subtypes differ in biology and behaviour. Radical nephrectomy, either performed by open or laparoscopic technique, is indicated for stage T2 tumours or when partial nephrectomy (PN) is not believed to be feasible.

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28

Sherwood, Dennis, and Paul Dalby. Thermodynamics today – and tomorrow. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782957.003.0026.

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This last chapter explores the frontiers of how thermodynamics is currently being applied to biology, moving from the scale of the molecule to the scale of the cell. The key theme is ‘self-assembly’ – the process by which macromolecules spontaneously assemble into larger structures such as cell membranes, cell organelles, cells, and ultimately organisms. The starting point is the simplest process of self-assembly, the formation of a liquid from the condensation of a gas, which draws on some results from Chapter 15, and develops the concept of nucleation, this leads to a discussion of protein aggregation, and how virus particles are formed. The chapter, and the book, ends with a key challenge for the future: how can we deliberately design self-assembling systems that can perform valuable functions?

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29

Matthew, Haines, Mehrotra Piyush, and Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering., eds. On the utility of threads for data parallel programming. Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, NASA Langley Research Center, 1995.

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30

Matthew, Haines, Mehrotra Piyush, and Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering., eds. On the utility of threads for data parallel programming. Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, NASA Langley Research Center, 1995.

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31

Kahn, S. Lowell. Bland Lipiodol-Assisted Thermal Ablation of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0073.

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Surgical resection of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains the standard of care given the excellent reported outcomes for early stage disease, with 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates of 97% for pT1a and 87% for pT1b tumors after nephrectomy. Outcomes after partial nephrectomy are equally encouraging, with 5- and 10-year CSS rates of 92% and 80%, respectively, across all stages and 96% and 90%, respectively, for tumors less than 4 cm. Transarterial embolization prior to thermal ablation for RCC is far less frequent, but it is described in the literature. To date, there are no randomized controlled studies that demonstrate a benefit of combined therapy over radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or cryoablation alone. However, lipiodol is profoundly radiopaque, and utilization prior to RFA or cryoablation may aid in the visualization of the tumor.

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32

S.M. Hosseini, M. Bashtani, H. Nazarizadeh, and M. Manafi. Effects of diet form and particle size on performance, digestive tract development and intestinal mast cell numbers in young broiler chicks. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1399/eps.2016.161.

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33

Badimon, Lina, and Gemma Vilahur. Atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0040.

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Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause of heart disease. The continuous exposure to cardiovascular risk factors induces endothelial activation/dysfunction which enhances the permeability of the endothelial layer and the expression of cytokines/chemokines and adhesion molecules. This results in the accumulation of lipids (low-density lipoprotein particles) in the extracellular matrix and the triggering of an inflammatory response. Accumulated low-density lipoprotein particles suffer modifications and become pro-atherogenic, enhancing leucocyte recruitment and further transmigration across the endothelium into the intima. Infiltrated monocytes differentiate into macrophages which acquire a specialized phenotypic polarization (protective or harmful), depending on the stage of the atherosclerosis progression. Once differentiated, macrophages upregulate pattern recognition receptors capable of engulfing modified low-density lipoprotein, leading to foam cell formation. Foam cells release growth factors and cytokines that promote vascular smooth muscle cell migration into the intima, which then internalize low-density lipoprotein via low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 receptors. As the plaque evolves, the number of vascular smooth muscle cells decline, whereas the presence of fragile/haemorrhagic neovessels increases, promoting plaque destabilization. Disruption of this atherosclerotic lesion exposes thrombogenic surfaces that initiate platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation, as well as thrombin generation. Both lipid-laden vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages release the procoagulant tissue factor, contributing to thrombus propagation. Platelets also participate in progenitor cell recruitment and drive the inflammatory response mediating the atherosclerosis progression. Recent data attribute to microparticles a potential modulatory effect in the overall atherothrombotic process. This chapter reviews our current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in atherogenesis, highlights platelet contribution to thrombosis and atherosclerosis progression, and provides new insights into how atherothrombosis may be modulated.

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34

Badimon, Lina, and Gemma Vilahur. Atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0040_update_001.

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Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause of heart disease. The continuous exposure to cardiovascular risk factors induces endothelial activation/dysfunction which enhances the permeability of the endothelial layer and the expression of cytokines/chemokines and adhesion molecules. This results in the accumulation of lipids (low-density lipoprotein particles) in the intimal layer and the triggering of an inflammatory response. Accumulated low-density lipoprotein particles attached to the extracellular matrix suffer modifications and become pro-atherogenic, enhancing leucocyte recruitment and further transmigration across the endothelium into the intima. Infiltrated pro-atherogenic monocytes (mainly Mon2) differentiate into macrophages which acquire a specialized phenotypic polarization (protective/M1 or harmful/M2), depending on the stage of the atherosclerosis progression. Once differentiated, macrophages upregulate pattern recognition receptors capable of engulfing modified low-density lipoprotein, leading to foam cell formation. Foam cells release growth factors and cytokines that promote vascular smooth muscle cell migration into the intima, which then internalize low-density lipoproteins via low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 receptors becoming foam cells. As the plaque evolves, the number of vascular smooth muscle cells decline, whereas the presence of fragile/haemorrhagic neovessels and calcium deposits increases, promoting plaque destabilization. Disruption of this atherosclerotic lesion exposes thrombogenic surfaces rich in tissue factor that initiate platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation, as well as thrombin generation. Platelets also participate in leucocyte and progenitor cell recruitment are likely to mediate atherosclerosis progression. Recent data attribute to microparticles a modulatory effect in the overall atherothrombotic process and evidence their potential use as systemic biomarkers of thrombus growth. This chapter reviews our current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in atherogenesis, highlights platelet contribution to thrombosis and atherosclerosis progression, and provides new insights into how atherothrombosis may be prevented and modulated.

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35

Badimon, Lina, and Gemma Vilahur. Atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0040_update_002.

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Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause of heart disease. The continuous exposure to cardiovascular risk factors induces endothelial activation/dysfunction which enhances the permeability of the endothelial layer and the expression of cytokines/chemokines and adhesion molecules. This results in the accumulation of lipids (low-density lipoprotein particles) in the intimal layer and the triggering of an inflammatory response. Accumulated low-density lipoprotein particles attached to the extracellular matrix suffer modifications and become pro-atherogenic, enhancing leucocyte recruitment and further transmigration across the endothelium into the intima. Infiltrated pro-atherogenic monocytes (mainly Mon2) differentiate into macrophages which acquire a specialized phenotypic polarization (protective/M1 or harmful/M2), depending on the stage of the atherosclerosis progression. Once differentiated, macrophages upregulate pattern recognition receptors capable of engulfing modified low-density lipoprotein, leading to foam cell formation. Foam cells release growth factors and cytokines that promote vascular smooth muscle cell migration into the intima, which then internalize low-density lipoproteins via low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 receptors becoming foam cells. As the plaque evolves, the number of vascular smooth muscle cells decline, whereas the presence of fragile/haemorrhagic neovessels and calcium deposits increases, promoting plaque destabilization. Disruption of this atherosclerotic lesion exposes thrombogenic surfaces rich in tissue factor that initiate platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation, as well as thrombin generation. Platelets also participate in leucocyte and progenitor cell recruitment are likely to mediate atherosclerosis progression. Recent data attribute to microparticles a modulatory effect in the overall atherothrombotic process and evidence their potential use as systemic biomarkers of thrombus growth. This chapter reviews our current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in atherogenesis, highlights platelet contribution to thrombosis and atherosclerosis progression, and provides new insights into how atherothrombosis may be prevented and modulated.

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36

Robert, Pascal, ed. L'impensé numérique - Tome 2 - Interprétations critiques et logiques pragmatiques de l’impensé. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.9782813003577.

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Ce deuxième tome de l’impensé numérique, qui vient compléter le premier tome paru en 2016, participe au développement d’une pensée critique du numérique que le directeur de cet ouvrage collectif a engagée voilà 25 ans maintenant. Il marque en quelque sorte un anniversaire, celui d’une réflexion au long cours sur l‘informatisation de la société. Ce temps long de la recherche se révèle, notamment, dans la première partie qui vise à élaborer, reprendre et affiner le cadre conceptuel de ce travail. On y revient, à nouveaux frais, sur les notions d’impensé informatique et numérique, on y présente les notions de « glissement de la prérogative politique » (GPP), qui souligne la prise en main par des acteurs privés de prérogatives jusque là dévolues au politique et de « gestionnarisation », qui désigne le processus qui met en avant la technique (gestion et numérique) et ses catégories au détriment des activités qui doivent s’y adapter. Ce travail de construction théorique, qui mobilise aussi les notions de confiance, d’usage, d’imaginaire et de reconnaissance, s’est déployé sur une bonne quinzaine d’année. Nous n’avons pas voulu supprimer cette épaisseur temporelle, qui fait pleinement partie du travail de recherche lui-même. Les deuxième et troisième parties font le point sur ce que l’on peut appeler une pragmatique de l’impensé : à savoir, comment il s’installe très concrètement aussi bien dans le mode de fonctionnement et d’architecturation d’internet, que dans nos plateformes et dans la manière dont elles transforment le jeu médiatique, à travers, également, l’instauration d’une nouvelle monnaie (le Bitcoin) et de son support technique (la blockchain) ou, enfin, par le biais du big data. L’impensé, en ce sens, n’est pas seulement un effet de discours, il est aussi un effet, pratique, de structuration du réel qui a pour conséquence de fermer des espaces de discutabilité. Ce qui est vrai à l’échelle stratégique de la deuxième partie l’est tout autant à l’échelle tactique, plus locale, qu’adopte la troisième partie : car l’impensé est tout autant au travail dans les discours performatifs de l’éducation, dans celui de la vulgarisation technique de l‘informatique que dans ceux qui structurent les espaces numériques de la culture. Un dernier texte ouvre sur une proposition technique qui s’appuie sur une réflexion critique, afin de montrer que celle-ci n’est pas seulement négative ou supposément technophobe, mais qu’elle peut également nourrir un dispositif technique innovant. La conclusion s’interroge sur la persistance des conditions de possibilité du développement d’une véritable posture critique face à ceux que l’on peut appeler les impenseurs. Elle offre également un petit kit pédagogique de présentation de l‘impensé, du GPP et de la gestionnarisation pour que la critique argumentée puisse, peut être, être mieux entendue. Avec les contributions de : Eric Arrivé, Julien Falgas, Chloé Girard, Isabelle Hare, Aude Inaudi, Marc Jahjah et Adrian Staii.

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37

The spherical bacteria cell: The constructor of the earth and her life through the radioactive construction of electro-magnetic particles. Liberal Print., 1997.

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38

Glynn Bolitho, D. Tumours and hand reconstruction. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.006012.

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♦ Hand tumours are common♦ The vast majority are benign♦ Soft tissue – commonest Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath. Treatment marginal excision♦ Bone – commonest – Enchondroma. Treatment – leave if incidental or currette +/− bone grafting♦ Malignant – need full work up with detailed clinical examination, investigation, and planning in a multidisciplinary meeting♦ Treatment is wide/radical excision often with partial amputation +/− plastic surgical reconstruction.

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39

(Contributor), B. Aguda, M. Chaplain (Contributor), A. Friedman (Contributor), et al., eds. Tutorials in Mathematical Biosciences III: Cell Cycle, Proliferation, and Cancer (Lecture Notes in Mathematics / Mathematical Biosciences Subseries). Springer, 2006.

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40

Avner, Friedman, and Aguda B, eds. Tutorials in mathematical biosciences. Springer, 2006.

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41

Murty, Goddu S., and Budinger Thomas F. 1932-, eds. MIRD cellular S. values: Self-absorbed dose per unit cumulated activity for selected radionuclides and monoenergetic electron and alpha particle emitters incorporated into different cell compartments. Society of Nuclear Medicine, 1997.

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42

Murty, Goddu S., and Budinger Thomas F. 1932-, eds. MIRD cellular S. values: Self-absorbed dose per unit cumulated activity for selected radionuclides and monoenergetic electron and alpha particle emitters incorporated into different cell compartments. Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2003.

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43

Садовников, Василий. Теория гетерогенного катализа. Теория хемосорбции. Publishing House Triumph, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32986/978-5-40-10-01-2001.

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This monograph is a continuation of the monograph by V.V. Sadovnikov. Lateral interaction. Moscow 2006. Publishing house "Anta-Eco", 2006. ISBN 5-9730-0017-6. In this work, the foundations of the theory of heterogeneous catalysis and the theory of chemisorption are more easily formulated. The book consists of two parts, closely related to each other. These are the theoretical foundations of heterogeneous catalysis and chemisorption. In the theory of heterogeneous catalysis, an experiment is described in detail, which must be carried out in order to isolate the stages of a catalytic reaction, to find the stoichiometry of each of the stages. This experiment is based on the need to obtain the exact value of the specific surface area of the catalyst, the number of centers at which the reaction proceeds, and the output curves of each of the reaction products. The procedures for obtaining this data are described in detail. Equations are proposed and solved that allow calculating the kinetic parameters of the nonequilibrium stage and the thermodynamic parameters of the equilibrium stage. The description of the quantitative theory of chemisorption is based on the description of the motion of an atom along a crystal face. The axioms on which this mathematics should be based are formulated, the mathematical apparatus of the theory is written and the most detailed instructions on how to use it are presented. The first axiom: an atom, moving along the surface, is present only in places with minima of potential energy. The second axiom: the face of an atom is divided into cells, and the position of the atom on the surface of the face is set by one parameter: the cell number. The third axiom: the atom interacts with the surrounding material bodies only at the points of minimum potential energy. The fourth axiom: the solution of the equations is a map of the arrangement of atoms on the surface. The fifth axiom: quantitative equations are based on the concept of a statistically independent particle. The formation energies of these particles and their concentration are calculated by the developed program. The program based on these axioms allows you to simulate and calculate the interaction energies of atoms on any crystal face. The monograph is intended for students, post-graduate students and researchers studying work and working in petrochemistry and oil refining.

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44

Bianconi, Ginestra. Interdependent Multilayer Networks. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753919.003.0011.

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This chapter characterizes interdependent multilayer networks and their increased fragility. Interdependent networks are stylized models that can represent different complex systems, ranging from global infrastructures to molecular networks in the cell. When a fraction of nodes is initially damaged, interdependent networks are affected by dramatic cascades of failures that suddenly dismantle the multilayer network. The theory beyond this phenomenology is discussed in a pedagogical way by characterizing the percolation, discontinuous and hybrid transitions. The interplay between structure and function is studied in this context by considering multiplex networks without and with link overlap, and the effect of built-in correlations in the multilayer network structure. Finally, partial interdependencies and redundant interdependencies are discussed as major strategies to reduce the fragility of interdependent networks.

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45

Arbarello, E. Geometry of Algebraic Curves: Volume 2 (Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften). Springer, 2005.

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46

Djajadiningrat, Rosa, and Simon Horenblas. Penile cancer. Edited by James W. F. Catto. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0093.

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Penile cancer is a rare malignancy in the Western world, but in Asia, Africa, and South Africa the incidence is much higher. Risk factors, including phimosis, human papillomavirus (HPV), smoking, chronic inflammatory conditions, psoralen ultraviolet photochemotherapy, genital warts, and HIV infection play a role in the pathogenesis of penile cancer. Approximately 95% of all penile tumours are squamous cell carcinomas (PSCC) and the large majority arise from the prepuce or glans. PSCC has a strong tendency for lymphatic dissemination, but cure can still be attained in patients with inguinal involvement. The most commonly used staging system is the 2009 TNM classification for penile cancer. Surgical resection has been the mainstay of treatment in penile carcinoma, including penile-preserving techniques, partial and total penectomy. The aim of surgery is minimizing loss of anatomy and function, without jeopardizing oncological results.

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47

Nosetti, Pietro. Le secteur bancaire tessinois. Origines, crises et transformations (1861-1939). Éditions Alphil-Presses universitaires suisses, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33055/alphil.03099.

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Durant la séance extraordinaire du Conseil fédéral du 19 janvier 1914, Giuseppe Motta détaille la situation de crise dans laquelle se trouve le Credito Ticinese de Locarno. Le jour suivant, dans l’immeuble de la Banque Nationale Suisse à Berne, des représentants du gouvernement fédéral et de la BNS ainsi qu’une délégation du gouvernement cantonal et d’instituts bancaires suisses et tessinois cherchent des solutions pour contrecarrer la crise qui, entre-temps, a englouti également la Banca Cantonale Ticinese. La crise bancaire tessinoise de 1914 qui s’inscrit dans une série de faillites bancaires suisses durant les années 1910 constitue un point de rupture dans l’histoire bancaire cantonale. Cet ouvrage présente, dans une première partie, les origines de l’activité bancaire tessinoise au cours du xıxe siècle. Pendant cette période, les banques, créées par des promoteurs locaux, récoltent l’épargne cantonale, dont une large partie provient des remises des émigrants. Elles contribuent à financer la construction des transports régionaux tout en favorisant l’essor du tourisme et de l’économie cantonale. L’Italie devient alors un débouché pour les capitaux tessinois qui cherchent des opportunités et des rendements en dehors du marché local. Des opérations risquées, au Tessin et en Italie constituent l’un des différents facteurs qui conduisent à la crise de 1914 dont l’analyse fait l’objet de la deuxième partie de ce livre. Enfin, la troisième partie présente les transformations structurelles qui assurent au secteur bancaire tessinois un nouveau départ. Celui-ci, marqué par la venue de grands instituts bancaires suisses et étrangers, est soutenu par l’arrivée de capitaux privés italiens dans le contexte d’une intégration renforcée au cadre institutionnel, monétaire et politique de la Confédération. L’analyse de la période entre 1861 et 1939, avec ces différentes phases, permet d’identifier des éléments qui émergent avec force durant la grande expansion que le secteur bancaire tessinois vit après la Seconde Guerre mondiale tout en mettant en relief des caractéristiques que l’on retrouve aujourd’hui.

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48

Zolfaghari, Mohammad Esmail. The morphological, flow and failure characteristics of fractionated natural bulk material: Evaluation offlowability of fractionated powdered liquorice using a specially designed flowmeter. The particle morphology was assessed by computer image analysis and the failure properties by shear cell testing. 1986.

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49

Cardinale, Daniela, and Carlo Maria Cipolla. Anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity: epidemiology, surveillance, prophylaxis, management, and prognosis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0290.

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Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is of considerable concern, as it may compromise the clinical effectiveness of treatment, affecting both quality of life and overall survival in cancer patients, independently of the oncological prognosis. It is probable that anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is a unique and continuous phenomenon starting with myocardial cell injury, followed by progressive left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decline that, if disregarded and not treated progressively leads to overt heart failure. The main strategy for minimizing anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is early detection of high-risk patients and prompt prophylactic treatment. According to the current standard for monitoring cardiac function, cardiotoxicity is usually detected only when a functional impairment has already occurred, precluding any chance of its prevention. At present, anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity can be detected at a preclinical phase, very much before the occurrence of heart failure symptoms, and before the LVEF drops by measurement of cardiospecific biochemical markers or by Doppler myocardial and deformation imaging. The role of troponins in identifying subclinical cardiotoxicity and treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, in order to prevent LVEF reduction is an effective strategy that has emerged in the last 15 years. If cardiac dysfunction has already occurred, partial or complete LVEF recovery may still be achieved if cardiac dysfunction is detected early after the end of chemotherapy and heart failure treatment is promptly initiated.

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50

Kirchman, David L. Predation and protists. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0009.

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Protists are involved in many ecological roles in natural environments, including primary production, herbivory and carnivory, and parasitism. Microbial ecologists have been interested in these single-cell eukaryotes since Antonie van Leeuwenhoek saw them in his stool and scum from his teeth. This chapter focuses on the role of protozoa (purely heterotrophic protists) and other protists in grazing on other microbes. Heterotrophic nanoflagellates, 3–5 microns long, are the most important grazers of bacteria and small phytoplankton in aquatic environments. In soils, flagellates are also important, followed by naked amoebae, testate amoebae, and ciliates. Many of these protists feed on their prey by phagocytosis, in which the prey particle is engulfed into a food vacuole into which digestive enzymes are released. This mechanism of grazing explains many factors affecting grazing rates, such as prey numbers, size, and composition. Ingestion rates increase with prey numbers before reaching a maximum, similar to the Michaelis–Menten equation describing uptake as a function of substrate concentration. Protists generally eat prey that are about ten-fold smaller than they are. In addition to flagellates, ciliates and dinoflagellates are often important predators in the microbial world and are critical links between microbial food chains and larger organisms Many protists are capable of photosynthesis. In some cases, the predator benefits from photosynthesis carried out by engulfed, but undigested photosynthetic prey or its chloroplasts. Although much can be learnt from the morphology of large protists, small protists (<10 μ‎m) often cannot be distinguished by morphology, and as seen several times in this book, many of the most abundant and presumably important protists are difficult to cultivate, necessitating the use of cultivation-independent methods analogous to those developed for prokaryotes. Instead of the 16S rRNA gene used for bacteria and archaea, the 18S rRNA gene is key for protists. Studies of this gene have uncovered high diversity in natural protist communities and, along with sequences of other genes, have upended models of eukaryote evolution. These studies indicate that the eukaryotic Tree of Life consists almost entirely of protists, with higher plants, fungi, and animals as mere branches.

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