Journal articles: 'Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE)'

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Van Grieken, R. "Particle-induced X-Ray emission spectrometry (PIXE)." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 16, no. 2 (February 1997): VIII—IX. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-9936(97)81471-9.

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Adams, F. "Particle-Induced X-ray Emission Spectrometry (PIXE)." Analytica Chimica Acta 331, no. 1-2 (September 1996): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(96)90551-6.

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Ishii, Keizo. "Micron X-ray computed tomography based on micro-particle-induced X-ray emission." International Journal of PIXE 25, no. 03n04 (January 2015): 187–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083515500175.

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Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) is a phenomenon of atomic inner shell ionization and characteristic X-ray emission due to ion-atomic collisions. The intensity of continuous X-rays in the PIXE energy spectrum is much lower than that of characteristic X-rays. Therefore, PIXE can be used as a semi-monochromatic X-ray source. Furthermore, PIXE produced by a heavily charged particle beam with a diameter of several micrometers (micro-PIXE) can be used as a monochromatic X-ray point source for Xray computed tomography (CT) to investigate internal structures of objects <1 mm. We developed micron X-ray CT based on micro-PIXE with a spatial resolution of about 4 μm. Because the photoelectric effect cross-section is proportional to the fifth power of the atomic number, the distributions of small amounts of heavy elements can be investigated using this CT technique, and the element can be identified using its absorption edge. We applied this CT to observe the internal structure of hair, a head of an ant, and Drosophila. We were able to identify the medulla configuration and cortex of the hair, and the mandibular glands, pharynx, and brain in the ant head. We confirmed a high Mn concentration in the mandibular glands. We used a contrast agent to visualize the internal organs of Drosophila. Furthermore, we applied this CT to research clay particles contaminated by the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident and confirmed that cesium atoms were distributed on the surfaces of clay particles.

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HARADA, S., S. EHARA, K. ISHII, H. YAMAZAKI, S. MATSUYAMA, T. SATO, S. OIKAWA, et al. "MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF PARTICLE-INDUCED X-RAY EMISSION." International Journal of PIXE 18, no. 03n04 (January 2008): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083508001442.

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We report two medical applications of particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) as described below (1) Observation of biological events: The kinetics of trace elements during the initiation of radiation-induced apoptosis (RIA) was observed using a micro-PIXE and PIXE. RIA is a process in which irradiated cells commit suicide; it results in the removal of severely damaged and harmful cells. During RIA, cytochrome c is released from the mitochondria and reaches the nucleus, where it activates a Ca- or Mg-dependent endonuclease. We examined this phenomenon by using a micro-PIXE and PIXE. A high concentration of Fe was detected in the stroma of cells in the early apoptotic phase. We also observed accumulation of large amounts of Ca and Mg in the nucleus.(2) Development of liquid-core microcapsules for novel cancer chemoradiotherapy: Currently, we are developing liquid-core (containing an anticancer drug) microcapsules that release their core content upon irradiation. These microcapsules will localize the anticancer drug within the irradiated field. The outer shell of these microcapsules is prepared from alginate and hyaluronic acid and polymerized by Fe, while the anticancer drug Paraplatin®(carboplatin) containing Pt is the liquid core. The micro-PIXE revealed that these microcapsules released their core content after irradiation, and the amount of carboplatin released was measured by PIXE. More than 83.1% ± 8.3% of the microcapsules were ruptured, and the amount of carboplatin released was more than 81.2% ± 2.3%. Thus, the combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy showed improved antitumor effects and a decrease in adverse effects because of drug localization.

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Wei, Chau-Chin. "TUMOR ANALYSIS BY PARTICLE-INDUCED X-RAY EMISSION (PIXE)." Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 59 (March 13, 2009): 274–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1986.tb02761.x.

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Crider, Destiny. "Assessing Mexican pottery paint recipes using particle-induced X-ray emission." Open Journal of Archaeometry 1, no. 1 (October 23, 2013): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/arc.2013.e5.

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Decorated pottery dating from the Epiclassic through Early Postclassic (ca. A.D. 650-1150) was selected for chemical characterisation of pottery slips and paints. Specimens include pottery types commonly occurring across the Basin of Mexico and Tula, Hidalgo. Recipes for slips and paints require training and first-hand knowledge of specialised techniques in production. A high degree of similarity of recipes across the region suggests widespread knowledge in the preparation and use of paint and slip. Distinct patterns in rare elements suggest differentiation in locally available pigments, and clays reflect regionally available sources of materials and differences in recipes. Particleinduced X-ray emission (PIXE) is a nondestructive method of identifying concentrations (in ppm) for 18 chemical elements. Data collection was conducted by the author using the Arizona State University (ASU) ion beam analysis of materials (IBeAM) laboratory. A sample of 136 pottery sherds was chosen and PIXE was conducted on red, black, white paints and slips. Specimens were chosen from a larger sample previously assessed for compositional characterisation of ceramic paste using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Results indicate that variation in red paints are high in iron-oxide and vary by pottery type. Black paint in Aztec I pottery is high in iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), indicating a Fe-Mn paint recipe. Cream coloured slips vary by region and pottery type. PIXE characterisation identifies the chemical element concentrations contributing to the colourant pigments, the clay matrix in the binding materials, and trace indicators of localised impurities in clays and minerals contributing to paints and slips.

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Yoshino, K., K. Suzuki, Y. Yamada, T. Satoh, M. Finsterbusch, K. Fujita, T. Kamiya, et al. "Lithium distribution analysis in all-solid-state lithium battery using microbeam particle-induced X-ray emission and particle-induced gamma-ray emission techniques." International Journal of PIXE 27, no. 01n02 (January 2017): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012908351850002x.

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For confirming the feasibility of micrometer scale analysis of lithium distribution in the all-solid-state lithium battery using a sulfide-based solid electrolyte, the cross-section of pellet type battery was analyzed by microbeam particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and particle-induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE) measurements. A three-layered pellet-type battery (cathode: LiNbO3-coated [Formula: see text]/solid electrolyte: [Formula: see text]/anode: [Formula: see text]) was prepared for the measurements. Via elemental mapping of the cross-section of the prepared battery, the difference in the yields of gamma rays from the [Formula: see text] inelastic scattering (i.e., the lithium concentrations) between the composite electrodes and the solid electrolyte layer was clarified. The difference in the number of lithium ions at the composite anode/solid electrolyte interface of ([Formula: see text] mol) in the battery can be clearly detected by the microbeam PIGE technique. Therefore, lithium distribution analysis with a micrometer-scale spatial resolution is demonstrated. Further analysis of the cathode/anode composite electrodes with the different states of charge could provide important information to design a composite for high-performance all-solid-state lithium batteries.

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Przybyłowicz, Wojciech Józef, and Carlos Pineda-Vargas. "14th International Conference on Particle Induced X-ray Emission (“PIXE 2015”)." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 363 (November 2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2015.09.017.

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GAZZOLA, J., M. SÁNCHEZ DEL RÍO, C. SOLÍS, and T. CALLIGARO. "PARTICLE-INDUCED X-RAY EMISSION (PIXE) ANALYSIS OF OBSIDIAN FROM TEOTIHUACAN." Archaeometry 52, no. 3 (August 11, 2009): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2009.00483.x.

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VIJAYAN, V., V. S. RAMAMURTHY, and S. N. BEHERA. "PARTICLE-INDUCED X-RAY EMISSION (PIXE) ANALYSIS OF COAL FLY ASH." International Journal of PIXE 05, no. 04 (January 1995): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083595000253.

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Analysis of trace element in coal fly ash has been brought to the attention of the general public in recent years primarily as it concerns in pollution problem with coal-fired power plants. Indian coal used in the thermal power plants has quite high content of ash (upto 55%). Therefore, in order to assess the environmental impact of the coal fuel cycle, coal fly ash samples from Captive Power Plant (CPP) of National Aluminium Company (NALCO) in Angul industrial area have been analysed for heavy elements by PIXE technique. Sample preparation procedures, experimental setup and spectrum analysis are discussed.

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WAKASA, S., K. FUKUDA, T. TAKAGI, and N. NAKANISHI. "DESIGN OF AN ULTRA COMPACT CYCLOTRON FOR PARTICLE INDUCED X-RAY EMISSION." International Journal of PIXE 03, no. 04 (January 1993): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083593000306.

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An ultra compact cyclotron was constructed for Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Rutherford Back Scattering (RBS) experiments. The cyclotron accelerates proton and alpha-particle beams to a constant energy of 3 MeV. The size of the magnet is 85 cm ×85 cm ×60 cm . Characteristics of the cyclotron are presented.

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Ishii, Keizo, Atsuki Terakawa, Keitaro Hitomi, and Mitsuhiro Nogami. "Development of a 20MeV proton particle-induced X-ray emission analysis method in a helium atmosphere." International Journal of PIXE 29, no. 03n04 (January 2019): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083519500219.

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We developed a 20[Formula: see text]MeV particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis method using a medical cyclotron, which is conventionally used for positron emission tomography analysis performed in vacuo, during which the target sample is damaged. For non-destructive analysis and ease of switching between target samples, we developed a technique allowing 20[Formula: see text]MeV proton PIXE analysis to be performed at the atmospheric pressure. We filled the PIXE analysis chamber with helium and checked that the continuous background of the Compton tails of nuclear reaction [Formula: see text]-rays increased only minimally, and that the quasi-free electron bremsstrahlung (QFEB) did not increase at all, in the X-ray energy spectrum.

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McKEE, J. S. C. "HIGH ENERGY PROTON PIXE [HEPP]." International Journal of PIXE 03, no. 03 (January 1993): 187–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012908359300015x.

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Studies of particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) have been widespread and detailed in recent years and despite the fact that most data obtained are from low energy 1–3 MeV experiments, the value of higher energy proton work with its emphasis on K X-ray emission has become more marked as time has progressed. The purpose of this review paper is to outline the history of analysis using high energy protons and to compare and contrast the results obtained with those from lower energy analysis using more firmly established analytical techniques. The work described will concentrate exclusively on proton induced processes and will attempt to outline the rationale for selecting an energy, greater than 20 and up to 70 MeV protons for initiating particles. The relative ease and accuracy of the measurements obtained will be addressed. Clearly such X-ray studies should be seen as complementing low energy work in many instances rather than competing directly with them. However, it will be demonstrated that above a Z value of approximately 20, K X-ray analysis using high energy protons is the only way to go in this type of analysis.

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Frey, Alyssa A., Nicholas R. Wozniak, Timothy B. Nagi, Matthew P. Keller, J. Mark Lunderberg, Graham F. Peaslee, Paul A. DeYoung, and Jennifer R. Hampton. "Analysis of Electrodeposited Nickel-Iron Alloy Film Composition Using Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/604395.

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The elemental composition of electrodeposited NiFe thin films was analyzed with particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). The thin films were electrodeposited on polycrystalline Au substrates from a 100 mM NiSO4, 10 mM FeSO4, 0.5 M H3BO3, and 1 M Na2SO4solution. PIXE spectra of these films were analyzed to obtain relative amounts of Ni and Fe as a function of deposition potential and deposition time. The results show that PIXE can measure the total deposited metal in a sample over at least four orders of magnitude with similar fractional uncertainties. The technique is also sensitive enough to observe the variations in alloy composition due to sample nonuniformity or variations in deposition parameters.

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Nogami, M., K. Hitomi, A. Terakawa, and K. Ishii. "First in-beam application of thallium bromide semiconductor detectors to particle-induced X-ray emission." International Journal of PIXE 29, no. 01n02 (January 2019): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083519500153.

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For the first time, particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) spectra were obtained using TlBr detectors. The TlBr detector was fabricated from a crystal grown with material purified by the zone purification. Its active volume was 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm × 3.1 mm, and it exhibited an energy resolution of a 6.2 keV full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) for 59.5 keV at room temperature. The detector was installed into a PIXE system at Aomori Prefecture Quantum Science Center. A Pb plate target in the PIXE chamber was irradiated with a 20 MeV proton beam, and X-ray peaks for Pb K[Formula: see text] and K[Formula: see text] were successfully detected by the TlBr detector at room temperature.

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DeYoung, Paul A., Christopher C. Hall, Patrick J. Mears, Derek J. Padilla, Richard Sampson, and Graham F. Peaslee. "Comparison of Glass Fragments Using Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE) Spectrometry*,†." Journal of Forensic Sciences 56, no. 2 (January 6, 2011): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01650.x.

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RAY, D. K., P. K. NAYAK, S. R. PANDA, T. R. RAUTRAY, V. VIJAYAN, C. C. CHRISTOPHER, and S. JENA. "PARTICLE INDUCED X-RAY EMISSION STUDIES OF ANTI-DIABETIC MEDICINAL PLANTS." International Journal of PIXE 16, no. 01n02 (January 2006): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083506000800.

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Selected number of anti-diabetic medicinal plant leaves has been characterized by accelerator based particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique. Validity of the technique was assured by analyzing certified plant reference materials (CRMs). A large number of trace elements like Ti , V , Cr , Mn , Fe , Co , Ni , Cu , Zn , Rb , Sr and Pb are found to be present in these studied leaf samples with variable proportions. The concentrations of elements like K and Ca are quantified in percentage level whereas other elements are found to be in parts per million levels. Among the studied samples, the leaves of Methi are found to be containing maximum amount of trace elements.

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Janssens, K., F. Adams, M. L. Rivers, and K. W. Jones. "Analysis of individual microscopic particles by means of synchrotron radiation induced x-ray micro fluorescence." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (August 1992): 1766–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100133461.

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Micro-SXRF (Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence) or micro-SRIXE (Synchrotron Radiation Induced X-ray Emission) is a microanalytical technique which combines the sensitivity of more conventional microchemical methods such as Secondary Ion Microscopy (SIMS) and μ-PIXE (Proton Induced X-ray Emission) with the non-destructive and quantitative character of X-ray fluorescence analysis. The detection limits attainable at current SXRF-facilities are situated in the ppm (and in favourable cases the sub-ppm) range. The sensitivity of SRIXE can be used advantageously in individual particle analysis. This type of analysis is used, e.g., for studying sources of athmospheric pollution. Analysis of standard NIST micro-spheres at the NSLS-SRIXE facility yielded minimum detection limits in the 1 to 100 ppm range for particle sizes of around 10 to 30 μm.An interesting approach to individual particle characterisation is by means of electron microprobe analysis (EPMA). By using the backscattered electron signals, in an automated fashion, particles can be easily located on a filter substrate and their size and shape determined.

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Kabir, M. Hasnat. "Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE): A Tool of Qualitative Elemental Analysis for Biological Sample." Rajshahi University Journal of Science 39 (October 9, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/rujs.v39i0.16538.

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The facility of ion beam laboratory at Kochi University of Technology (KUT) has been extended by installing the Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique, in order to provide qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis and in-air micro-PIXE analysis. This paper is a description of PIXE setup and its application in biological sample for qualitative elemental analysis. The energy calibration of the system shows linearity. The minimum detection limit indicates that the system has good detection limit. The homogeneity shows uniformity of the sample itself and the internal standard within the sample. A 4 MeV He++ ion beam was used to analyze shellfish samples. Analyzing samples, it was found that the lower Z elements as well as some trace elements were detected. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/rujs.v39i0.16538 Rajshahi University J. of Sci. 39, 01-10 (2011)

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Soueidan, Maher, Bilal Nsouli, Gabriel Ferro, and Ghassan Younes. "On the Quantification of Al Incorporated in SiC Material Using Particle Induced X-Ray Emission Technique." Materials Science Forum 679-680 (March 2011): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.679-680.189.

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In this work the capability of the proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique to monitor a rapid, non-destructive and accurate quantification of Al on and in Si-based matrix is discussed. Optimization of PIXE acquisition parameters was performed using as reference a thin Al film (2.5 nm) thermally evaporated onto silicon substrate. In order to improve the sensitivity for Al detection and quantitative determination, a systematic study was undertaken using proton ion beam at different energies (from 0.3 to 3 MeV) with a different tilting angle (0°, 60°, and 80°). The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be lower than 0.2 nm. The optimum PIXE conditions (energy, angle) were applied for determining the Al doping concentration in thin (1 µm) 4H-SiC homoepitaxial layer. The Al concentration as determined by PIXE was found to be 3.9x1020 at/cm3 in good agreement with SIMS measurements, and the LOD was estimated to be 6x1018 at/cm3.

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NOMITA DEVI, K., H. NANDAKUMAR SARMA, and SANJIV KUMAR. "PARTICLE INDUCED X-RAY EMISSION STUDIES OF SOME INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS." International Journal of PIXE 17, no. 03n04 (January 2007): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083507001228.

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Medicinal herbs have been used from antiquity by humanity. This paper discusses the elemental composition and concentration of ten Indian medicinal plants investigated by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique. The accuracy and precision of the technique were assured by analyzing three Certified Standard Reference Materials-cabbage (GBW 08504, China), wheat flour (NIST-8436) and bovine liver (NIST-1577b). The elements K , Ca , Mn , Fe , Cu and Zn were found to be present in all the samples in varying concentrations. No toxic heavy metals such as As , Pb and Hg were detected in the studied plants. The range of the elemental concentrations in dry weight has been found to vary from 4.69 × 104 mg/kg to 1.81 mg/kg in the plants. The results also show that these plants contain elements of vital importance in man's metabolism and that are needed for growth and developments, prevention and healing of diseases.

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Wallenwein, R., H. Blank, E. K. Jessberger, and K. Traxel. "Proton Induced X-Ray Emission (Pixe) Analysis of Meteoritic Microsamples." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 85 (1985): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100084542.

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AbstractInterplanetary dust particles (IDPs) collected in the stratosphere are thought to be mostly of cometary origin. They survived heating during their deceleration in the earth’s atmosphere (1). Because of their small size (< 50 μm ) and mass (< 10−7 g) they are difficult to analyse. Special preparation and examination methods have been developed for their investigations (2). We set out to study the trace-element-composition of these particles using the Heidelberg proton microprobe.

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ISHIBASHI, Shu. "Elementary Analysis of Normal Oral Mucosa by Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE)." Journal of Japanese Society for Oral Mucous Membrane 4, no. 2 (1998): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.6014/jjomm1995.4.91.

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Adebiyi, F. M., E. I. Obiajunwa, and I. Akpan. "Mineralogy of Nigerian Bituminous Sands using Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) Spectrometry." Journal of Sustainable Energy Engineering 1, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7569/jsee.2012.629511.

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Jisonna, L. J., P. A. DeYoung, J. Ferens, C. Hall, J. M. Lunderberg, P. Mears, D. Padilla, G. F. Peaslee, and R. Sampson. "Forensic analysis of tempered sheet glass by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE)." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 269, no. 10 (May 2011): 1067–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2011.02.079.

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Ove Nilsson, B., Ulf Lindh, Torbjörn Sunde, and Mariann Wide. "Particle-induced X-ray emission (pixe) for detection of lead in mouse blastocysts." Reproductive Toxicology 5, no. 1 (January 1991): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-6238(91)90110-2.

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Garman, E. F., and G. W. Grime. "Analysis of liquid and crystalline proteins by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE)." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 61, a1 (August 23, 2005): c117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767305095061.

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Maeda, K., Y. Yokode, Y. Sasa, H. Kusuyama, and M. Uda. "Multielemental analysis of human thyroid glands using particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE)." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 22, no. 1-3 (March 1987): 188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(87)90323-5.

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Yamamoto, Yohei, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Yukichi Horiguchi, Makoto Shirakawa, Takahiro Satoh, Masashi Koka, Yukio Nagasaki, Kei Nakai, and Akira Matsumura. "Intra-tumor distribution of metallofullerene using micro-particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE)." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 88 (June 2014): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.12.037.

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Eliete Iochims dos Santos, Carla, Luiza Raquel Manfredi da Silva, Liana Appel Boufleur, Rafaela Debastiani, Cláudia Alberici Stefenon, Lívio Amaral, Maria Lúcia Yoneama, and Johnny Ferraz Dias. "Elemental characterisation of Cabernet Sauvignon wines using Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE)." Food Chemistry 121, no. 1 (July 2010): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.079.

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Satoh, Takahiro. "Development of particle induced X-ray emission-computed tomography in Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Japan Atomic Energy Agency." International Journal of PIXE 25, no. 03n04 (January 2015): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083515500151.

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A new micro-particle induced X-ray emission-computed tomography (PIXE-CT) system was developed at Takasaki Ion Accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application in Japan Atomic Energy Agency. In this system, scanning transmission ion microscopy-CT was performed as well as PIXE-CT for three-dimensional (3D) measurement of major elements' distributions, which are required for corrections of X-ray yields due to energy losses of projectiles and absorption of X-rays. Moreover, maximum likelihood expectation maximization algorithm has been introduced to image reconstruction because higher spatial resolution can be obtained even with less X-ray yields. Consequently, 3D distribution of trace elements in a minute biological cell less than 100 μm has been successfully obtained.

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Quarta, Gianluca, Lucio Calcagnile, and Massimo Vidale. "Integrating Non-Destructive Ion Beam Analysis Methods and AMS Radiocarbon Dating for the Study of Ancient Bronze Statues." Radiocarbon 54, no. 3-4 (2012): 801–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200047457.

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Analytical methods based on particle accelerators are widely used in cultural heritage diagnostics and archaeological sciences from the absolute dating of organic materials by means of radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to the analysis of the elemental composition of a wide range of materials (metals, obsidians, pottery) via ion beam analysis (IBA) techniques. At CEDAD (Centre for Dating and Diagnostics), the accelerator facility of the University of Salento, AMS 14C dating and PIXE (particle-induced X-ray emission)-PIGE (particle-induced gamma-ray emission) compositional analysis in external beam mode are combined to study certain archaeological materials. We present a review of the combined application of these analytical methods in the study of casting cores of the Riace bronzes, 2 classical Greek statues of extraordinary importance for the history of art.

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Shaaban, A., Mona F. Ali, A. Turos, A. Korman, and Anna Stonert. "PIXE Analysis of Ancient Egyptian Pigments (Case Study)." Journal of Nano Research 8 (September 2009): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.8.71.

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Particle Proton–Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE) is one of the most sensitive analytical methods which can be used in the study of ancient mural paintings - especially pigments. It requires small samples or tiny fragments of the paint layer. It is a non-destructive technique and provides data on elemental concentrations. Analysis can be performed in vacuum or in air. The major advantage of this technique is the ability to analyze simultaneously both elements and trace elements present in the sample. Another advantage is the short data acquisition time. This research studies red, yellow, blue and green pigments used in the tomb of Ramesses III (N.11 - 1198 BC), the tomb of Tohthmous III- (N.34 - 1504 BC), both located at the Valley of the Kings Luxor, and also, Medinet Habu temple of Ramesses II (1198 -1166 BC) located at the West Bank of Luxor. The study was performed by using light Optical Microscope (LOM) and Particle Proton–Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE).

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Ishii, Keizo. "PIXE and Its Applications to Elemental Analysis." Quantum Beam Science 3, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/qubs3020012.

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When charged particles collide with atoms, atomic inner shell electrons become ionized, producing characteristic X-rays. This phenomenon is called particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). The characteristic X-ray production cross-sections from PIXE are very large, and the characteristic X-rays of elements contained in a sample are easily measured by a Silicon detector with a high energy resolution. Hence, sodium to uranium can be detected with a sensitivity of ppb~ppm, and PIXE has been applied to trace element analysis. Scanning ion beams can be used to obtain the spatial distributions of elements in a sample. Furthermore, the distributions of elements inside a cell can be investigated using micro ion beams. PIXE analysis is a very useful technique for multi-elemental analysis and is now widely used in many fields and applications, including chemistry, medicine, biology, archaeology, agriculture, materials science, fisheries science, geology, petrology, environmental study, contamination monitoring, resource search, semiconductors, metal, astrophysics, earth science, criminal investigations, and food.

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TÖRÖK, I., M. TERASAWA, and V. P. PETUKHOV. "HIGH RESOLUTION PIXE INSTRUMENTATION SURVEY, PART IV." International Journal of PIXE 09, no. 03n04 (January 1999): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083599000255.

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In this review (in continuations) X-ray crystal spectrometers working on ion beams and their applications are surveyed. The present fourth part continues to describe: (i) their use for elemental analysis; (ii) their use for obtaining the information about the chemical effects in the Particle Induced X-ray Emission spectra; (iii) their use in basic research for obtaining information applied in the above relations and their applications on acelerators. We update the data of formerly discussed systems according to the changes in the world.

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Cruvinel, Paulo E., Robert G. Flocchini, Paulo Artaxo, Silvio Crestana, and Paulo S. P. Herrmann Jr. "Elemental analysis of agricultural soil samples by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 150, no. 1-4 (April 1999): 478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(98)01017-9.

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Boufleur, Liana Appel, Carla Eliete Iochims dos Santos, Rafaela Debastiani, Maria Lúcia Yoneama, Lívio Amaral, and Johnny Ferraz Dias. "Elemental characterization of Brazilian canned tuna fish using particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE)." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 30, no. 1 (May 2013): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2013.01.002.

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Sukum, Pongphun, Paitoon Narongchai, Dheerawan Boonyawan, Siripun Narongchai, and Udomrat Tippawan. "Determination of Elements in Gymnema inodorum Lour by Particle Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE)." Biological Trace Element Research 192, no. 2 (March 7, 2019): 330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-01669-8.

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Debastiani, Rafaela, Ivanessa da Silveira Almansa, Liana Appel Boufleur, Tatiele Martins Ferrari, Cláudia Telles de Souza, Deiverti de Vila Bauer, Livio Amaral, and Johnny Ferraz Dias. "Elemental characterization of gold-plated costume jewelry using particle-induced X-ray emission." International Journal of PIXE 28, no. 01n02 (January 2018): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083519500074.

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Nine gold-plated costume jewelries bought in the street market of Porto Alegre and from Chinese websites were investigated through Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) in order to verify their elemental composition and distribution. The analyzed costume jewelries were made of Cu-based alloys with Ni, Zn, Sn and Al. Elements such as Ag, Al, Bi, Cd, Co and Fe were found in minor amounts in some particular samples. Through RBS, it was possible to distinguish the bulk from the gold-plated layer. Toxic elements as Ni and Cd were found in at least one sample. The high concentration of Ni comes from the bulk Cu-alloy below the Au layer. In this case, the Au acts as a protective layer separating the Ni from the user’s skin.

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SAITOH, K., Y. IWATA, and K. HIRANO. "CHARACTERIZATION OF INSOLUBLE COMPONENTS IN FRESH SURFACE SNOW ON MOUNTAINS IN JAPAN." International Journal of PIXE 08, no. 02n03 (January 1998): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083598000182.

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Fresh surface snow samples were collected at the summit or near the summit (700 - 1500 m altitude) of five mountains in Akita Pref., Japan. The elemental composition and particle shape of insoluble material in these snow samples was determined and/or observed by Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE), a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) combined with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. 21 kinds of elements for each mountain snow sample were determined by PIXE. Na , Mg , Al , Si , P , S , Cl , K , Ca , Ti and Fe were the major components in each of the mountain snow samples, and those in relative abundance were almost the same in each case. With the aid of SEM and EDX analysis, silicon-rich small sphere (spherule) particles and aggregates of car exhaust particles were observed in every mountain snow sample. These results are represented as insoluble components of clouds and provide important knowledge for the source and mechanism of snowfall and rainfall at the ground level.

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Gossmann, H.-J., and L. C. Feldman. "Materials Analysis with High Energy Ion Beams Part II: Channeling and Other Techniques." MRS Bulletin 12, no. 6 (September 1987): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400067191.

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AbstractThis article discusses uses of high energy ion beam scattering for materials analysis, including channeling, particle induced x-ray emission (PIXE), and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA). These additional capabilities used in conjunction with RBS equipment provide capabilities for crystalline defect studies and light element detection.

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Balta, Zizi Ileana, Ioana Demetrescu, Irina Petroviciu, and Mihai Lupu. "Advanced Micro-chemical Investigation of Golden Threads from Romanian Byzantine Embroideries by Micro-Particle Induced X-ray Emission (micro-PIXE)." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 6 (July 15, 2019): 1956–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.6.7253.

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In the present study, golden threads from two, apparently identical, medieval epitrachelions considered masterpieces of the Romanian Byzantine embroidery art, were investigated by using Micro-Particle Induced X-ray Emission (micro-PIXE) and optical microscopy. PIXE measurements allowed to accurate identify the elemental composition, distribution of the trace elements, the layered structures (depth profiling) and thicknesses of the gold layer. Useful information for the characterization of the gilded silver threads due to elemental maps concerning the constituent elements spatial distribution in the sample was also obtained.

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HAMANAKA, H., G. ITO, J. OGURA, and Y. YAMAMOTO. "PIXE ANALYSIS OF ANCIENT EARTHENWARE (MIDDLE JOMON PERIOD) EXCAVATED AT TERAMAE SITE IN FUKUSHIMA PREFECTURE." International Journal of PIXE 04, no. 01 (January 1994): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083594000052.

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Particle induced x-ray emission (PIXE) measurements were applied to analyze constituent elements in ancient earthenware (middle Jomon period) excavated at Teramae site in Fukushima prefecture. Quantitative analyses of the earthenware and clay obtained near the site show difference in contents of the constituent elements between them.

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DAI, Zhongning, Chaigang Ren, and Fujia Yang. "Nuclear Microprobe and Micro-PIXE Analysis of Thick Target: Program and Its Applications." International Journal of PIXE 08, no. 01 (January 1998): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083598000054.

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PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission), mainly Proton Induced X-ray Emission, has been developed into a well established technique for elemental analysis, especially for trace elemental analysis down to ppm or even ppb level. Nuclear Microprobe is a quickly developing technique around the world for 2 dimensional or even 3 dimensional element analysis if several nuclear analytical techniques, such as Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) can be available at the same time. The present resolution of NMP can be down to less than 1μm. To thick target analysis, i.e., the energy loss effect and the consequent X-ray cross section Change with the depth can not be neglected, therefore we have to consider the process of particle interactions with atoms in detail. In this article, NMP (Nuclear Micro-Probe) and micro-PIXE analysis of thick target, which are mainly involved into the process of ions interaction with atoms, are reviewed on the basis of work what we have done at Fudan University. The software package TSPIXE (PIXE analysis of Thick Sample), which includes different versions for different applications, developed at Fudan University for quantitative analysis of thick target and simulation of PIXE and micro-PIXE spectra are described and its performance is demonstrated too. The TSPIXE package, which includes TSPIXE version I, version II, version III and TSμPIXE, was written in FORTRAN and C computer language and can be run at PC computer under MSDOS or WINDOWS environment. From the different demonstrations and applications we can see the package is very useful to quantitative analysis of thick samples and to understand the relationships between elemental X-ray intensity distributions and concentration distributions, sample structure, beam size and etc.

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Won-In, Krit, Songtam Suksawang, Sawet Intarasiri, Chom Thongleurm, Teerasak Kamwanna, and Pisutti Dararutana. "Characterization of Thai Amulets: A PIXE Study." Advanced Materials Research 324 (August 2011): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.324.505.

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The Thai amulets that created in an image of Lord Buddha meditation were made to explain the Dharma of Buddha and believed to bless every life in this world for good karma. Phra Somdej Wat Rakhang amulet is the top of the five most famous Thai amulets. There are many molds with various compositions. In this work, it was the first time that X-ray fluorescence spectrometry methods; scanning electron microscope cooperated with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (SEM/EDS) and particle induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE) were carried out to analyze their compositions. Two samples were collected from different molds. Results revealed C, Ca and Si were main composition. The differences in their compositions have been used to identify and characterize for each molds.

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MALAR, P., TAPASH RANJAN RAUTRAY, V. VIJAYAN, and S. KASIVISWANATHAN. "SYNTHESIS AND PIXE CHARACTERIZATION OF CuInSe2 AND CuIn3Se5." International Journal of PIXE 16, no. 01n02 (January 2006): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083506000885.

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Polycrystalline ingots of CuInSe 2 and CuIn 3 Se 5 were synthesized by melt-quench technique starting from the stoichiometric mixture of constituent elements. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed the single-phase nature of the materials. Compositional analysis by Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) showed that the compounds are near stoichiometric. Thin films of CuInSe 2 and CuIn 3 Se 5 were grown from pre-synthesized CuInSe 2 and CuIn 3 Se 5 powders. The films were polycrystalline, single-phase and near stoichiometric in nature, as indicated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and PIXE studies.

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HOMMA-TAKEDA, SHINO, KYOKO SUZUKI, KEIKO HARUMOTO, TOMOYASU YOSHITOMI, HIROYUKI ISO, TAKAHIRO ISHIKAWA, TERUAKI KONISHI, and MASAKAZU OIKAWA. "EVALUATION OF THIN SECTION STANDARDS FOR LOCAL ANALYSIS OF LIGHT ELEMENTS BY MICRO-PIXE ANALYSIS." International Journal of PIXE 21, no. 01n02 (January 2011): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083511002124.

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For quantitative measurements of light elements by micro-PIXE (particle-induced X-ray emission) analysis, suitable external standards have been expected. In this paper thin sections of polyvinyl alcohol solution containing phosphorus ( P ) and potassium ( K ) were assessed for their purpose as standards by micro-PIXE analysis. Homogeneity of P and K added to the standard materials were validated by 1 μm and 10 μm-step scanning of the standard. The relative standard deviations of the X-ray intensity of the standards P and K were < 25% and <16%, respectively. The calibration line between the X-ray intensity obtained from a 100 × 100 μm2 area and the elements concentration was also acceptable, indicating that the thin section standards are adequate for an external standard of micro-PIXE measurements for light elements.

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FUTATSUGAWA, S., S. HATAKEYAMA, S. SAITOU, and K. SERA. "PRESENT STATUS OF NMCC AND SAMPLE PREPARATION METHOD FOR BIO-SAMPLES." International Journal of PIXE 03, no. 04 (January 1993): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012908359300029x.

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In NMCC(Nishina Memorial Cyclotron Center) we are doing researches on PET of nuclear medicine (Positron Emission Computed Tomography) and PIXE analysis (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) using a small cyclotron of compactly designed. The NMCC facilities have been opened to researchers of other institutions since April 1993. The present status of NMCC is described. Bio-samples (medical samples, plants, animals and environmental samples) have mainly been analyzed by PIXE in NMCC. Small amounts of bio-samples for PIXE are decomposed quickly and easily in a sealed PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) vessel with a microwave oven . This sample preparation method of bio-samples also is described.

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J Miranda. "How do Uncertainties in Atomic Parameters Influence Theoretical Predictions of X-Ray Production Cross Sections By Proton Impact?" Journal of Nuclear Physics, Material Sciences, Radiation and Applications 7, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2020.72007.

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The emission of characteristic X-rays induced by proton impact is a phenomenon known since the first half of the 20th century. Its more widely known application is the analytical technique Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). Several models have been developed to calculate, first, ionization cross sections and then the subsequent X-ray production cross sections. However, to carry out the comparisons of these predictions with experimental data it is necessary to use atomic parameters databases (fluorescence yields, Coster-Kronig transition probabilities, emission rates) that also have experimental uncertainties. In this work it is demonstrated how these values do not allow to decide which model describes more accurately the cross sections, due to a final “theoretical uncertainty” obtained through the propagation of the original uncertainties.

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Preketes-Sigalas, K., A. Lagoyannis, and M. Axiotis. "Development of a simulation code for material analysis using the PIGE technique." HNPS Proceedings 24 (April 1, 2019): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.1860.

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Particle Induced Gamma ray Emission (PIGE) is a well known and widely used Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) technique for non-destructive material analysis, usually in conjunction with Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). The main drawback in the applicability of PIGE regarding the quantification of light elements in various heavy element substrates is the need for many reference targets with similar matrices to the one under study, because of the importance of the ion energy loss in the calculations. In order to overcome this problem, an appropriate simulation code that uses as inputs the experimental spectrum and the relevant differential cross sections, with the output being the quantification of the concentration depth profiles of the isotopes of interest is needed. A code like this is currently being developed in C++ and it is compatible with Windows, Linux and Mac.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE)'

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