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Journal articles on the topic 'Particles (Nuclear physics) Scattering amplitude (Nuclear physics)'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

FALBO-KENKEL, M. K., and F. MANSOURI. "'t HOOFT'S SCATTERING AMPLITUDE FROM CHERN–SIMONS–WITTEN GRAVITY IN 2+1 DIMENSIONS." Modern Physics Letters A 06, no. 35 (November 20, 1991): 3255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391003754.

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By using canonical phase space variables different from those associated with individual particles, we couple the Chern–Simons–Witten gravity to point-like sources. The resulting theory provides an alternative to the usual test particle approximation and yields 't Hooft's scattering amplitude in the limit of two very massive slowly moving particles.

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2

SCHWENK, ACHIM. "NUCLEAR INTERACTIONS FROM THE RENORMALIZATION GROUP." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 19 (July 30, 2006): 2724–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206035229.

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We discuss how the renormalization group can be used to derive effective nuclear interactions. Starting from the model-independent low-momentum interaction V low k, we successively integrate out high-lying particle and hole states from momentum shells around the Fermi surface as proposed by Shankar. The renormalization group approach allows for a systematic calculation of induced interactions and yields similar contributions to the scattering amplitude as the two-body parquet equations. We review results for the 1 S 0 and 3 P 2 superfluid pairing gaps as well as the spin dependence of effective interactions in neutron matter. Implications for the cooling of neutron stars are discussed.

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3

Berezhnoy, Yu A., and V. P. Mikhailyuk. "Scattering of 1.37 GeVα-particles on12C nuclei and the effectiveα-α amplitude." Zeitschrift für Physik A: Hadrons and Nuclei 355, no. 1 (December 1996): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002180050074.

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4

Zhen-Qiang, Tan, Lin Zhong-Jin, Yan Pang-Ning, and Wu Chong-En. "An integral formula for calculating the Glauber multiple scattering amplitude of composite particles." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 16, no. 11 (November 1, 1990): 1697–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/16/11/018.

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5

Yu-shun, Zhang, Hu Su-fen, Yang Chao-yun, and Liu Ji-feng. "A new method for calculating the Glauber multiple scattering amplitude of composite particles." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 23, no. 11 (November 1, 1997): 1551–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/23/11/005.

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6

LIN, ZHONG-HENG. "ONE-LOOP CLOSED STRING 5-PARTICLE FERMION AMPLITUDES IN THE COVARIANT FORMULATION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 05, no. 02 (January 20, 1990): 299–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x90000131.

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The closed superstring 2 fermion-3 boson and 4 fermion-1 boson scattering amplitudes at one-loop level are calculated in the covariant formulation. We use the method of Atick and Sen and find that it can be applied to 5 particles without any major difficulties. We discuss the symmetry properties of the amplitudes as a check of their correctness. From the residue of the relevant correlator for 4 fermion-1 boson scattering at the appropriate pole, we obtain the 2 fermion-2 boson amplitude which agrees with the amplitude calculated in the light-cone gauge in the Green-Schwarz formulation. The calculation requires some new θ-function identities and Fierz transformations in ten dimensions which we also prove and discuss.

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7

KOGAN, YA I., and K. G. SELIVANOV. "ON THE INTERACTIONS OF CHARGED PARTICLES WITH COSMIC STRING." International Journal of Modern Physics A 06, no. 01 (January 10, 1991): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x91000058.

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We discuss the scattering of charged particles on cosmic string. The cases of the small and large (comparing the string scale) momentum of particles are considered. Anisotropical amplitude which describes the action of the string’s “magnetic” field on the particles is obtained. Physical applications are briefly discussed.

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8

GEORGIOU, GEORGE, and GEORGE SAVVIDY. "PRODUCTION OF NON-ABELIAN TENSOR GAUGE BOSONS TREE AMPLITUDES AND BCFW RECURSION RELATION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 26, no. 15 (June 20, 2011): 2537–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x1105350x.

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The BCFW recursion relation is used to calculate tree-level scattering amplitudes in generalized Yang–Mills theory and, in particular, four-particle amplitudes for the production rate of non-Abelian tensor gauge bosons of arbitrary high spin in the fusion of two gluons. The consistency of the calculations in different kinematical channels is fulfilled when all dimensionless cubic coupling constants between vector bosons and high spin non-Abelian tensor gauge bosons are equal to the Yang–Mills coupling constant. We derive a generalization of the Parke–Taylor formula in the case of production of two tensor gauge bosons of spin-s and N gluons (jets). The expression is holomorphic in the spinor variables of the scattered particles, exactly as the MHV gluon amplitude is, and reduces to the gluonic MHV amplitude when s = 1.

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9

HELAYËL-NETO, J. A., S. RAJPOOT, and A. WILLIAM SMITH. "ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF PHYSICAL AMPLITUDES IN A FINITE FIELD THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 05, no. 10 (May 20, 1990): 1861–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x90000878.

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Using the N=4 super Yang-Mills theory softly broken by supersymmetric N=1 mass terms for the matter superfields, we compute the one-loop chiral+chiral→antichiral+antichiral scattering amplitude directly in superspace. By suitable choices of the mass parameters, one can endow the model with a hierarchy of light and heavy particles, and the decoupling of the heavy sector from the light-light physical amplitude is studied. We also analyze the high energy limit of the cross section for a two physical scalar scattering and find a (logs) behavior, which then respects the Froissart bound.

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10

D’HOKER, ERIC, and D. H. PHONG. "CHIRAL SUPERSTRING AMPLITUDES AND THE GSO PROJECTION." Modern Physics Letters A 04, no. 14 (July 20, 1989): 1335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732389001520.

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Chirally symmetric amplitudes for the scattering of bosonic massless particles at fixed spin structures are shown to split into the absolute values squared of a chiral amplitude at fixed internal momenta. Chiral amplitudes are holomorphic in supermoduli and chiral polarization tensors, meromorphic in vertex operators insertion points. They may be recast in terms of intrinsic complex supergeometric objects. Amplitudes of opposite chirality may be endowed with independent spin structures so that the GSO projection can be enforced to construct the superstring.

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11

HELAYEL-NETO, J. A., A. WILLIAM SMITH, and SUBHASH RAJPOOT. "ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF PHYSICAL AMPLITUDES IN THE N=4 SUPER YANG-MILLS THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 05, no. 14 (July 20, 1990): 2865–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x90001355.

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Using the N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory softly broken by supersymmetric N=1 mass terms for the matter superfields, we compute the one-loop chiral+chiral→antichiral+antichiral scattering amplitude directly in superspace. By suitable choices of the mass parameters, one can endow the model with a hierarchy of light and heavy particles, and the decoupling of the heavy sector from the light-light physical amplitude is studied. We also analyze the high-energy limit of the cross-section for a two physical scalar scattering and find a (logs) behavior, which then respects the Froissart bound.

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12

Han, Nguyen Suan, Le Anh Dung, Nguyen Nhu Xuan, and Vu Toan Thang. "High energy scattering of Dirac particles on smooth potentials." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 23 (August 20, 2016): 1650126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16501268.

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The derivation of the Glauber type representation for the high energy scattering amplitude of particles of spin 1/2 is given within the framework of the Dirac equation in the Foldy–Wouthuysen (FW) representation and two-component formalism. The differential cross-sections on the Yukawa and Gaussian potentials are also considered and discussed.

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13

JAFAROV, R. G., and S. A. HADJIEV. "FERMION-BOSON SCATTERING IN LADDER APPROXIMATION." Modern Physics Letters A 08, no. 03 (January 30, 1993): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732393000246.

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A method of calculating the forward scattering amplitude for fermions and scalar bosons with the exchange of scalar particle is suggested. The Bethe-Salpeter ladder equation for the imaginary part of the amplitude is constructed and a solution in Regge asymptotical form is found and the corrections to the amplitude due to the exit from mass shell are calculated.

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14

Daza, W. S., J. E. Drut, C. L. Lin, and C. R. Ordóñez. "A quantum field-theoretical perspective on scale anomalies in 1D systems with three-body interactions." Modern Physics Letters A 34, no. 35 (November 19, 2019): 1950291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319502912.

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We analyze, from a canonical quantum field theory (QFT) perspective, the problem of one-dimensional particles with three-body attractive interactions, which was recently shown to exhibit a scale anomaly identical to that observed in two-dimensional (2D) systems with two-body interactions. We study in detail the properties of the scattering amplitude including both bound and scattering states, using cutoff and dimensional regularization, and clarify the connection between the scale anomaly derived from thermodynamics to the nonvanishing non-relativistic trace of the energy–momentum tensor.

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15

DREMIN, I. M. "THE TWO TYPES OF CHERENKOV GLUONS AT LHC ENERGIES." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 10 (November 2007): 3108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307009099.

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Beside comparatively low energy Cherenkov gluons observed at RHIC, there could be high energy gluons at LHC, related to the high energy region of positive real part of the forward scattering amplitude. In both cases they give rise to particles emitted along some cone. The characteristics of the cones produced by these two types of gluons are different. Therefore different experiments are needed to detect them. The cosmic ray event which initiated this idea is described in detail.

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16

GOMES, M., A. J. DA SILVA, and J. M. C. MALBOUISSON. "NONRELATIVISTIC LIMIT OF THE SCALAR CHERN–SIMONS THEORY AND THE AHARONOV–BOHM SCATTERING." International Journal of Modern Physics A 13, no. 18 (July 20, 1998): 3157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x98001566.

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We study the nonrelativistic limit of the quantum theory of a Chern–Simons field minimally coupled to a scalar field with quartic self-interaction. The renormalization of the relativistic model, in the Coulomb gauge, is discussed. We employ a procedure to calculate scattering amplitudes for low momenta that generates their |p|/m expansion and separates the contributions coming from high and low energy intermediary states. The two-body scattering amplitude is calculated up to order p2/m2. It is shown that the existence of a critical value of the self-interaction parameter for which the two-particle scattering amplitude reduces to the Aharonov–Bohm one is a strictly nonrelativistic feature. The subdominant terms correspond to relativistic corrections to the Aharonov–Bohm scattering. A nonrelativistic reduction scheme and an effective nonrelativistic Lagrangian to account for the relativistic corrections are proposed.

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17

Hansen, Maxwell T., and Stephen R. Sharpe. "Lattice QCD and Three-Particle Decays of Resonances." Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 69, no. 1 (October 19, 2019): 65–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023723.

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Most strong-interaction resonances have decay channels involving three or more particles, including many of the recently discovered X, Y, and Z resonances. In order to study such resonances from first principles using lattice QCD, one must understand finite-volume effects for three particles in the cubic box used in calculations. We review efforts to develop a three-particle quantization condition that relates finite-volume energies to infinite-volume scattering amplitudes. We describe in detail the three approaches that have been followed, and present new results on the relationship between the corresponding results. We show examples of the numerical implementation of all three approaches and point out the important issues that remain to be resolved.

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18

ANDERS, T. B., A. O. BARUT, and W. JACHMANN. "HELICITY AMPLITUDES FOR COLLIDING BEAM SCATTERING OF TWO SPIN 1/2 PARTICLES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 08, no. 30 (December 10, 1993): 5383–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x93002149.

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As a generalization and extension of the extensive tables of polarization asymmetries given in a previous work,1 we present here tables of helicity amplitudes for the scattering of two spin 1/2 particles in the colliding beam system (i.e. two incoming particles with opposite directions but not necessarily of equal momenta). The particles belonging to the same current may have different masses in order to describe particle excitations. The amplitudes are given for six different basic couplings connecting two vector vertices, a vector vertex at the one current and a derivative vector vertex at the other current, two derivative vector vertices, two tensor vertices, and two scalar vertices. The vertices include axial couplings by factors of type 1+cγ5. The amplitudes are written as expressions with 16 components in the six different reaction channels, namely the scattering of two fermions, of two antifermions, and of a fermion and an antifermion, the pair creation by pair annihilation, as well as the exchange scattering for two identical fermions or antifermions. The formulas may be used for an analysis which extracts the invariant coupling functions from the experimental data obtained in the colliding beam system directly without an intermediate transformation to the center of mass system.

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19

ZEPPENFELD, D. "DIAGONALIZATION OF COLOR FACTORS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 03, no. 09 (September 1988): 2175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x88000916.

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The calculation of scattering amplitudes for many colored particles in QCD involves complicated color factors. Using the permutation symmetry of the identical particles present in the scattering process, these color factors can be diagonalized.

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20

DREMIN, I. M., and C. S. LAM. "ABELIAN LANDAU–POMERANCHUK–MIGDAL EFFECTS." Modern Physics Letters A 13, no. 34 (November 10, 1998): 2789–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732398002965.

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It is shown that the high-energy expansion of the scattering amplitude calculated from Feynman diagrams factorizes in such a way that it can be reduced to the eikonalized form up to the terms of inverse power in energy in accordance with results obtained by solving the Klein–Gordon equation. Therefore the two approaches when applied to the suppression of the emission of soft photons by fast charged particles in dense matter should give rise to the same results. A particular limit of thin targets is briefly discussed, and it is shown that the correction to the Bethe–Heitler regime is determined by the ratio of the target thickness to the mean free path. If the same is true in QCD, the nuclear LPM effect could be noticeable.

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21

KHALILOV, V. R. "SCATTERING OF A SPIN-POLARIZED NEUTRAL FERMION WITH THE ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC MOMENT IN AN AHARONOV–CASHER CONFIGURATION." Modern Physics Letters A 23, no. 15 (May 20, 2008): 1093–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773230802690x.

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The scattering of a nonrelativistic neutral massive fermion having the anomalous magnetic moment (AMM) in an electric field of a uniformly charged long conducting thread aligned perpendicularly to the fermion motion is considered to study the so-called Aharonov–Casher (AC) effect by taking into account the particle spin. For this solution, the nonrelativistic Dirac–Pauli equation for a neutral massive fermion with AMM in (3+1) dimensions is found, which takes into account explicitly the particle spin and interaction between AMM of moving fermion and the electric field. Expressions for the scattering amplitude and the cross-section are obtained for spin-polarized massive neutral fermion scattered off the above conducting thread. We conclude that the scattering amplitude and cross-section of spin-polarized massive neutral fermions are influenced by the interaction of AMM of moving neutral fermions with the electric field as well as by the polarization of fermion beam in the initial state.

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22

LAM, C. S. "SMALL RECOIL APPROXIMATION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 14, no. 22 (September 10, 1999): 3435–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x99001597.

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In this review we discuss a technique to compute and to sum a class of Feynman diagrams, and some of its applications. These are diagrams containing one or more energetic particles that suffer very little recoil in their interactions. When recoil is completely neglected, a decomposition formula can be proven. This formula is a generalization of the well-known eikonal formula, to non-Abelian interactions. It expresses the amplitude as a sum of products of the irreducible amplitudes, with each irreducible amplitude being the amplitude to emit one, or several mutually interacting, quasiparticles. For Abelian interaction a quasiparticle is nothing but the original boson, so this decomposition formula reduces to the eikonal formula. In non-Abelian situations each quasiparticle can be made up of many bosons, though always with a total quantum number identical to that of a single boson. This decomposition enables certain amplitudes of all orders to be summed up into an exponential form, and it allows subleading contributions of a certain kind, which is difficult to reach in the usual way, to be computed. For bosonic emissions from a heavy source with many constituents, a quasiparticle amplitude turns out to be an amplitude in which all bosons are emitted from the same constituent. For high-energy parton-parton scattering in the near-forward direction, the quasiparticle turns out to be the Reggeon, and this formalism shows clearly why gluons reggeize but photons do not. The ability to compute subleading terms in this formalism allows the BFKL–Pomeron amplitude to be extrapolated to asymptotic energies, in a unitary way preserving the Froissart bound. We also consider recoil corrections for Abelian interactions in order to accommodate the Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect.

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23

Belov, P. A., and S. L. Yakovlev. "Asymptotic method for determining the amplitude for three-particle breakup: Neutron-deuteron scattering." Physics of Atomic Nuclei 76, no. 2 (February 2013): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106377881301002x.

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24

Flambaum, V. V., H. B. Tran Tan, I. B. Samsonov, Y. V. Stadnik, and D. Budker. "Resonant detection and production of axions with atoms." International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, no. 31 (November 10, 2018): 1844030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x1844030x.

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The axions and axion-like particles can be detected via a resonant atomic or molecular transition induced by axion absorption. The signal obtained in this process is second order in the axion-electron interaction constant and hence small. In this chapter, it is demonstrated that this signal may become first order in the axion-electron interaction constant if we allow the interference between the axion-induced transition amplitude and the transition amplitude induced by the electromagnetic radiation. Additionally, we show that the conventional scheme of producing axions from photons in a magnetic field may be improved if the field is replaced by an atomic medium in which photons scattering off the atoms in the forward direction are transformed into axions.

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25

BASEILHAC, P., and V. A. FATEEV. "FERMION–BOSON DUALITY IN INTEGRABLE QUANTUM FIELD THEORY." Modern Physics Letters A 13, no. 35 (November 20, 1998): 2807–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732398002989.

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We introduce and study one-parameter family of integrable quantum field theories. This family has a Lagrangian description in terms of massive Thirring fermions ψ, ψ† and charged bosons χ, [Formula: see text] of complex sinh–Gordon model coupled with BCn affine Toda theory. Perturbative calculations, analysis of the factorized scattering theory and the Bethe ansatz technique are applied to show that under duality transformation, which relates weak and strong coupling regimes of the theory, the fermions ψ, ψ† transform to bosons and χ, [Formula: see text] and vice versa. The scattering amplitudes of neutral particles in this theory coincide exactly with S-matrix of particles in pure BCn Toda theory, i.e. the contribution of charged bosons and fermions to these amplitudes exactly cancel each other. We describe and discuss the symmetry responsible for this compensation property.

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26

AL-QAQ, E., and M. S. SHIKAKHWA. "THE AHARONOV–CASHER SCATTERING: THE EFFECT OF THE ∇ · E TERM." Modern Physics Letters A 25, no. 18 (June 14, 2010): 1531–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732310032718.

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In the Aharonov–Casher (AC) scattering, a neutral particle interacts with an infinitesimally thin, long charge filament resulting in a phase shift. In the original AC treatment, a ∇ · E term proportional to the charge density at the filament's position is dropped from the Hamiltonian on the basis that the particle is banned from the filament, thus, the resulting Hamiltonian compares with the Aharonov–Bohm Hamiltonian of a scalar particle. Here, we consider AC scattering with this term included. Starting from the three-dimensional nonrelativistic Aharonov–Casher (AC) Schrödinger equation with the ∇ · E term included, we find the wave functions — in particular their singular component — the phase shifts and thus compute the scattering amplitudes and cross-sections. We show that singular solutions in the AC case appear only when the delta function interaction introduced is attractive regardless of the spin orientation of the particle. We find that the inclusion of this term does not introduce a structural difference in the general form of the cross-section even for polarized particles. Its mere effect, is in shifting the parameter N (the greatest integer in α) that appears in the cross-section, in the attractive case, by one. Interesting situation appears when N = 0, thus α=δ, in the case α≻0, and N = -1, so α = 1-δ in the case α≺0: At these values of the parameter N, where αis just any fraction, the cross-section for a particle polarized in the scattering plane to scatter in a state with the same polarization, is isotropic. It also vanishes, at these values of N, for transitions between same-helicity eigenstates. For these values of the parameter N and at the special values α = ±1/2, the cross-sections for both signs of α coincide. The main differences between this model and the "mathematically equivalent" spin-1/2 AB theory are outlined.

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27

Wu, Zheng-Xue, Chao-Yun Long, Jing Wu, Zheng-Wen Long, and Ting Xu. "Scattering in graphene quantum dots under generalized uncertainty principle." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 31 (November 10, 2019): 1950212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19502129.

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In this article, the Dirac electron scattering problem on circular barrier of radius [Formula: see text] is studied under the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). The expressions of scattering coefficients, scattering cross-section and scattering efficiency of massless Dirac particle are obtained by solving the massless Dirac equation under GUP and discussed by numerical methods. It shows that the scattering coefficient, the scattering cross-section, and the scattering efficiency depend explicitly on the GUP parameter [Formula: see text]. For the scattering coefficient [Formula: see text], GUP may cause slight shift in the oscillation position of [Formula: see text] and make some peaks value of [Formula: see text] smaller. For scattering cross-section and scattering efficiency, GUP may also lead to slight shift in their oscillation position and increase of amplitude when the GUP parameter increases.

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AMARAL, J. T. DE SANTANA. "ONE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL FOR QCD AT HIGH ENERGY." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 09 (October 2007): 2814–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307008471.

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In these proceedings a stochastic particle (1+1)-dimensional model which mimics high energy evolution and scattering in QCD at fixed impact parameter is presented. The model exhibits a saturation mechanism similar to gluon saturation in QCD as well as all the qualitative features expected in QCD at fixed impact parameter, concerning both the mean-field aspects and the effects of fluctuations, and appears to be in the universality class of the reaction-diffusion process, as also expected for QCD. The evolution equations for the scattering amplitude generated by this model appear as a natural generalization of the Balitsky-JIMWLK equations in which both target and projectile are symmetrically treated. The structural aspects of the model may inspire future searches for corresponding structures in QCD.

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29

Baryshevsky, V. G. "Spin oscillations of high-energy particles (nuclei) passing through matter and the possibility of measuring the spin-dependent part of the amplitude of zero-angle elastic coherent scattering." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 19, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/19/2/009.

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Ambainis, Andris, and Thomas G. Wong. "Correcting for potential barriers in quantum walk search." Quantum Information and Computation 15, no. 15&16 (November 2015): 1365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic15.15-16-7.

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A randomly walking quantum particle searches in Grover’s Θ(√ N) iterations for a marked vertex on the complete graph of N vertices by repeatedly querying an oracle that flips the amplitude at the marked vertex, scattering by a “coin” flip, and hopping. Physically, however, potential energy barriers can hinder the hop and cause the search to fail, even when the amplitude of not hopping decreases with N. We correct for these errors by interpreting the quantum walk search as an amplitude amplification algorithm and modifying the phases applied by the coin flip and oracle such that the amplification recovers the Θ(√ N) runtime.

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31

Alvi, M. A., I. Ahmad, Z. A. Khan, and S. M. Saliem. "Inelastic scattering of 1.37 GeV alpha-particle and the semi-phenomenological N-alpha amplitude." Il Nuovo Cimento A 106, no. 4 (April 1993): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02782702.

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32

CHEN, GENGSHENG, MINGXING LUO, and CONGKAO WEN. "LOOPS IN SUPER YANG-MILLS THEORIES." Modern Physics Letters A 22, no. 07n10 (March 28, 2007): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732307023274.

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We report recent analysis of one-loop scattering amplitudes in N =4 super Yang-Mills theories, in the paradigm of maximally helicity violating Feynman diagrams. Non-planar amplitudes are found to be related to planar ones in the same manners as those in conventional field theory. More so, there are are very limited number of loop integrals to be evaluated. For a process with n external particles, there are only [n/2]-1 generically independent integrals.

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33

Li, Ning, Chao-Chen Liu, and Ya-Jie Wu. "Elastic scattering phase shift generalizations to two spin-3 2 particles: On the determination of Ω–Ω scattering phase amplitudes in elongated boxes." Modern Physics Letters A 35, no. 14 (March 31, 2020): 2050112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732320501126.

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The relationship between the elastic scattering phase shifts of the [Formula: see text] system and the two-particle energy spectrum in elongated boxes is established in center-of-mass frame under periodic boundary conditions. The formulas are also extended to cubic boxes to confirm the results in elongated boxes. Our analytical results will be helpful to the study of [Formula: see text] interaction on lattice by using Lüscher’s finite volume method.

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34

Baryshevsky, V. G. "Rotation of particle spin in a storage ring with a polarized beam and measurement of the particle EDM, tensor polarizability and elastic zero-angle scattering amplitude." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 35, no. 3 (January 25, 2008): 035102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/35/3/035102.

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35

Loginov, A. Yu, and V. N. Stibunov. "Reduction of the Bethe-Salpeter equation for the amplitude of the scattering of spin-1 particles to a set of integral equations for invariant functions." Physics of Atomic Nuclei 67, no. 4 (April 2004): 856–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1707146.

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36

Jordan, Stephen P., Keith S. M. Lee, and John Preskill. "Quantum computation of scattering in scalar quantum field theories." Quantum Information and Computation 14, no. 11&12 (September 2014): 1014–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic14.11-12-8.

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Quantum field theory provides the framework for the most fundamental physical theories to be confirmed experimentally and has enabled predictions of unprecedented precision. However, calculations of physical observables often require great computational complexity and can generally be performed only when the interaction strength is weak. A full understanding of the foundations and rich consequences of quantum field theory remains an outstanding challenge. We develop a quantum algorithm to compute relativistic scattering amplitudes in massive $\phi^4$ theory in spacetime of four and fewer dimensions. The algorithm runs in a time that is polynomial in the number of particles, their energy, and the desired precision, and applies at both weak and strong coupling. Thus, it offers exponential speedup over existing classical methods at high precision or strong coupling.

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37

Jakovác, Antal, and András Patkós. "Bound states in functional renormalization group." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 27 (September 27, 2019): 1950154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19501549.

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Equivalence criteria are established for an effective Yukawa-type theory of composite fields representing two-particle fermion bound states with the original “microscopic” theory of interacting fermions based on the spectral decomposition of the 2-to-2 fermion scattering amplitude. Functional renormalization group equations of the effective theory are derived exploiting relations expressing the equivalence. The effect of truncating the spectral decomposition is investigated quantitatively on the example of the nonrelativistic bound states of two oppositely charged fermions.

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38

DE VEGA, H. J., J. RAMÍREZ MITTELBRUN, M. RAMÓN MEDRANO, and N. SÁNCHEZ. "THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL STRINGY BLACK HOLE: A NEW APPROACH AND A NEW EFFECT." International Journal of Modern Physics A 11, no. 08 (March 30, 1996): 1463–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x96000675.

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The string propagation in the two-dimensional stringy black hole is investigated from a new approach. We completely solve the classical and quantum string dynamics in the Lorentzian and Euclidean regimes. In the Lorentzian case all the physics reduces to a massless scalar particle described by a Klein-Gordon type equation with a singular effective potential. The scattering matrix is found and it reproduces the results obtained by coset CFT techniques. It factorizes into two pieces: an elastic Coulombian amplitude and an absorption part. In both parts, an infinite sequence of imaginary poles in the energy appears. The generic features of string propagation in curved D-dimensional backgrounds (string stretching, fall into space-time singularities) are analyzed in the present case. A new physical phenomenon specific to the present black hole is found: the quantum renormalization of the speed of light. We find that [Formula: see text] where k is the integer in front of the WZW action. Only for k→∞ does this new effect disappear (although the conformal anomaly is present). We analyze all the classical Euclidean string solutions and exactly compute the quantum partition function. No critical Hagedorn temperature appears here.

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39

CIRILO-LOMBARDO, D. J., and N. G. SANCHEZ. "MICROCANONICAL MODEL FOR A GAS OF EVAPORATING BLACK HOLES AND STRINGS, SCATTERING AMPLITUDES AND MASS SPECTRUM." International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, no. 07 (March 20, 2008): 975–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x08039554.

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We study the system formed by a gas of black holes and strings within a microcanonical formulation. The density of mass levels grows asymptotically as [Formula: see text], (i = 1,…,N). We derive the microcanonical content of the system: entropy, equation of state, number of components N, temperature T and specific heat. The pressure and the specific heat are negative reflecting the gravitational unstability and a nonhomogeneous configuration. The asymptotic behavior of the temperature for large masses emerges as the Hawking temperature of the system (classical or semiclassical phase) in which the classical black hole behavior dominates, while for small masses (quantum black hole or string behavior) the temperature becomes the string temperature which emerges as the critical temperature of the system. At low masses, a phase transition takes place showing the passage from the classical (black hole) to quantum (string) behavior. Within a microcanonical field theory formulation, the propagator describing the string–particle–black hole system is derived and from it the interacting four-point scattering amplitude of the system is obtained. For high masses it behaves asymptotically as the degeneracy of states ρ(m) of the system (i.e. duality or crossing symmetry). The microcanonical propagator and partition function are derived from a (Nambu–Goto) formulation of the N-extended objects and the mass spectrum of the black hole–string system is obtained: for small masses (quantum behavior) these yield the usual pure string scattering amplitude and string–particle spectrum [Formula: see text]; for growing mass the spectrum describes all the intermediate states up to the pure black hole behavior. The different black hole behaviors according to the different mass ranges: classical, semiclassical and quantum or string behaviors are present in the model.

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40

KAR, SUPRIYA, and YOICHI KAZAMA. "INTERACTION OF D-STRING WITH F-STRING: A PATH-INTEGRAL FORMALISM." International Journal of Modern Physics A 14, no. 10 (April 20, 1999): 1531–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x99000774.

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A path integral formalism is developed to study the interaction of an arbitrary curved Dirichlet (D-) string with elementary excitations of the fundumental (F-) string in bosonic string theory. Up to the next-to-leading order in the derivative expansion, we construct the properly renormalized vertex operator, which generalizes the one previously obtained for a D-particle moving along a curved trajectory. Using this vertex, an attempt is further made to quantize the D-string coordinates and to compute the quantum amplitude for scattering between elementary excitations of the D- and F-strings. By studying the dependence on the Liouville mode for the D-string, it is found that the vertex in our approximation consists of an infinite tower of local vertex operators which are conformally invariant on their respective mass-shell. This analysis indicates that, unlike the D-particle case, an off-shell extension of the interaction vertex would be necessary to compute the full amplitude and that the realization of symmetry can be quite nontrivial when the dual extended objects are simultaneously present. Possible future directions are suggested.

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41

KANG, KYUNGSIK. "GAUGE/STRING-GRAVITY DUALITY AND FROISSART BOUND." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 06 (March 10, 2005): 1286–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05024183.

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The gauge/string-gravity duality correspondence opened renewed hope and possibility to address some of the fundamental and non-perturbative QCD problems of in particle physics, such as hadron spectrum and Regge behavior of the scattering amplitude at high energies. One of the most fundamental and long-standing problems is the high energy behavior of the total cross-sections. According to a series of exhaustive tests by the COMPETE group, (1) total cross sections have a universal Heisenberg behavior in energy corresponding to the maximal energy behavior allowed by the Froissart bound, i.e., A+B ln 2(s/s0) with B~0.32 mb and s0~34.41 GeV2 for all reactions, and (2). The factorization relation among σpp,even, σγp and σγγ is well satisfied by experiments. I discuss the recent interesting application of the gauge/string-gravity duality of AdS/CFT correspondence with a deformed background metric so as to break the conformal symmetry that lead to the Heisenberg behavior of rising total cross sections, and present some preliminary results on the high energy QCD from Planckian scattering in AdS and black-hole production.

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42

BRODSKY, STANLEY J., DAE SUNG HWANG, and IVAN SCHMIDT. "FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS AND SINGLE-SPIN ASYMMETRIES IN SEMI-INCLUSIVE DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING." International Journal of Modern Physics A 18, no. 08 (March 30, 2003): 1327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x03014678.

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Recent measurements from the HERMES and SMC collaborations show a remarkably large azimuthal single-spin asymmetries AUL and AUT of the proton in semi-inclusive pion leptoproduction γ*(q) p → π X. We show that final-state interactions from gluon exchange between the outgoing quark and the target spectator system leads to single-spin asymmetries in deep inelastic lepton-proton scattering at leading twist in perturbative QCD; i.e., the rescattering corrections are not power-law suppressed at large photon virtuality q2 at fixed xbj. The existence of such single-spin asymmetries requires a phase difference between two amplitudes coupling the proton target with [Formula: see text] to the same final-state, the same amplitudes which are necessary to produce a nonzero proton anomalous magnetic moment. We show that the exchange of gauge particles between the outgoing quark and the proton spectators produces a Coulomb-like complex phase which depends on the angular momentum Lz of the proton's constituents and thus is distinct for different proton spin amplitudes. The single-spin asymmetry which arises from such final-state interactions does not factorize into a product of structure function and fragmentation function, and it is not related to the transversity distribution δq(x,Q) which correlates transversely polarized quarks with the spin of the transversely polarized target nucleon.

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BRODSKY, STANLEY J. "HADRON SPIN DYNAMICS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 18, no. 08 (March 30, 2003): 1531–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x03015027.

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Spin effects in exclusive and inclusive reactions provide an essential new dimension for testing QCD and unraveling hadron structure. Remarkable new experiments from SLAC, HERMES (DESY), and Jefferson Lab present many challenges to theory, including measurements at HERMES and SMC of the single spin asymmetries in ep → e′ π X where the proton is polarized normal to the scattering plane. This type of single spin asymmetry may be due to the effects of rescattering of the outgoing quark on the spectators of the target proton, an effect usually neglected in conventional QCD analyses. Many aspects of spin, such as single-spin asymmetries and baryon magnetic moments are sensitive to the dynamics of hadrons at the amplitude level, rather than probability distributions. I will illustrate the novel features of spin dynamics for relativistic systems by examining the explicit form of the light-front wavefunctions for the two-particle Fock state of the electron in QED, thus connecting the Schwinger anomalous magnetic moment to the spin and orbital momentum carried by its Fock state constituents and providing a transparent basis for understanding the structure of relativistic composite systems and their matrix elements in hadronic physics. I also present a survey of outstanding spin puzzles in QCD, particularly ANN in elastic pp scattering, the J/ψ → ρπ puzzle, and J/ψ polarization at the Tevatron.

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44

RAVNDAL, F. "FEYNMAN AND THE QUARK MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 08, no. 24 (September 30, 1993): 4369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x9300179x.

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As a student and later research fellow working with Richard Feynman at Caltech in the period 1969–74, I was in the happy situation of getting him interested in the quark model. This resulted in the construction of the relativistic harmonic oscillator quark model with the proviso of involving as few parameters and ad hoc assumptions as possible. The detailed predictions of the model and in particular for the nucleon photoproduction amplitudes were so good that in Feynman’s mind the quarks were to be considered real particles and identified by the partons seen in deep inelastic scattering. This article is a short account of my part in those developments and my collaboration with Feynman.

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45

Sato, Matsuo. "String geometry and nonperturbative formulation of string theory." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 23 (August 20, 2019): 1950126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19501264.

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We define string geometry: spaces of superstrings including the interactions, their topologies, charts, and metrics. Trajectories in asymptotic processes on a space of strings reproduce the right moduli space of the super-Riemann surfaces in a target manifold. Based on the string geometry, we define Einstein–Hilbert action coupled with gauge fields, and formulate superstring theory nonperturbatively by summing over metrics and the gauge fields on the spaces of strings. This theory does not depend on backgrounds. The theory has a supersymmetry as a part of the diffeomorphisms symmetry on the superstring manifolds. We derive the all-order perturbative scattering amplitudes that possess the super moduli in type IIA, type IIB and SO(32) type I superstring theories from the single theory, by considering fluctuations around fixed backgrounds representing type IIA, type IIB and SO(32) type I perturbative vacua, respectively. The theory predicts that we can see a string if we microscopically observe not only a particle but also a point in the space–time. That is, this theory unifies particles and the space–time. This paper is a summary version of Ref. 1.

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46

CELENZA, L. S., A. PANTZIRIS, and C. M. SHAKIN. "CALCULATION OF SCALAR FORM FACTORS OF NONTOPOLOGICAL SOLITONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 05, no. 08 (April 20, 1990): 1509–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x90000672.

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We study a “toy” model which describes the bound state of two scalar particles. We parameterize the “soft” part of the wave function of the bound state using results obtained in the study of a nontopological soliton model. (This part of the wave function has predominantly lowmomentum components.) We improve this wave function by considering a single “hard” scattering, which we treat in perturbation theory. Thus, we have a model in which the wave function has both “soft” and “hard” parts, in the language used when performing perturbative QCD studies. (The relation of these results to those obtained for electromagnetic form factors in perturbative QCD studies requires further analysis.) We find that the form factor calculated using the “soft” part of the wave function behaves as F(Q2)=F(0)/(1+λ2Q2), where Q2=−q2>0. The individual hard scattering terms yield form factors which have the same form, except for a change of the scale factor, λ. We discuss the approach to the asymptotic form, F(Q2)~Q−2, for the various amplitudes which are summed to obtain the complete form factor. We also discuss the modification of the form factor under a change in mass scale. This modification is relatively simple to study since, in our model, there is only a single dimensionful parameter, κ, which sets the scale for all other dimensional parameters.

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47

DAHM, R., and M. KIRCHBACH. "LINEAR WAVE EQUATIONS AND EFFECTIVE LAGRANGIANS FOR WIGNER SUPERMULTIPLETS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 10, no. 29 (November 20, 1995): 4225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x95001960.

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The relevance of the contracted SU(4) group as a symmetry group of the pion-nucleon scattering amplitudes in the large Nc limit of QCD raises the problem of the construction of effective Lagrangians for SU(4) supermultiplets. In this study we suggest effective Lagrangians for self-conjugate representations of SU(4) in exploiting isomorphism between SO(6) and its universal covering SU(4). The model can be viewed as an extension of the linear σ model with SO(6) symmetry in place of SO(4) and generalizes the concept of the linear wave equations for particles with arbitrary spin. We show that the vector representation of SU(4) reduces on the SO(4) level to a complexified quaternion. Its real part gives rise to the standard linear σ model with a hedgehog configuration for the pion field, whereas the imaginary part describes vector meson degrees of freedom via purely transversal ρ mesons for which a helical field configuration is predicted. As a minimal model, baryonic states are suggested to appear as solitons of that quaternion.

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48

KUO, T. T. S., and YIHARN TZENG. "AN INTRODUCTORY GUIDE TO GREEN’S FUNCTION METHODS IN NUCLEAR MANY-BODY PROBLEMS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 03, no. 02 (June 1994): 523–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301394000140.

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We present an elementary and fairly detailed review of several Green’s function methods for treating nuclear and other many-body systems. We first treat the single-particle Green’s function, by way of which some details concerning linked diagram expansion, rules for evaluating Green’s function diagrams and solution of the Dyson’s integral equation for Green’s function are exhibited. The particle-particle hole-hole (pphh) Green’s function is then considered, and a specific time-blocking technique is discussed. This technique enables us to have a one-frequency Dyson’s equation for the pphh and similarly for other Green’s functions, thus considerably facilitating their calculation. A third type of Green’s function considered is the particle-hole Green’s function. RPA and high order RPA are treated, along with examples for setting up particle-hole RPA equations. A general method for deriving a model-space Dyson’s equation for Green’s functions is discussed. We also discuss a method for determining the normalization of Green’s function transition amplitudes based on its vertex function. Some applications of Green’s function methods to nuclear structure and recent deep inelastic lepton-nucleus scattering are addressed.

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ENGEL, J., S. PITTEL, and P. VOGEL. "NUCLEAR PHYSICS OF DARK MATTER DETECTION." International Journal of Modern Physics E 01, no. 01 (March 1992): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301392000023.

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We describe the elastic scattering of weakly interacting dark matter particles from nuclei, with laboratory detection in mind. We focus on the lightest neutralino (a neutral fermion predicted by supersymmetry) as a likely candidate and discuss the physics needed to calculate its elastic scattering cross section and interpret experimental results. Particular emphasis is placed on a proper description of the structure of the proposed detector nuclei. We include a brief discussion of expected count rates in some detectors.

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50

Wojciechowski, H. "Coulomb amplitude representation and nuclear diffraction and refraction." Canadian Journal of Physics 82, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p03-123.

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A new, consistent with wave-optics, method of treating diffraction and refraction in nuclear elastic scattering, is proposed and discussed. The method is based on the decomposition of the total elastic-scattering amplitude, written in a different form than usual, into the amplitude describing pure diffraction, and the rest, i.e., refraction and reflection. It is shown that nuclear diffraction is due to incompleteness of the Coulomb-scattering amplitude and is described by it. It is show that diffraction can be regarded as a kind of ``background'' always present, irrespective of the system being studied. PACS Nos.: 24.10.Ht, 42.25.Fx, 42.25.Gy

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