Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Partis politiques locaux'
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Brouard, Sylvain. "Partis politiques et politiques publiques dans les gouvernements locaux : l'exemple des groupes et élus écologistes dans les régions métropolitaines." Bordeaux 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR40032.
Full textIngueza, Hervé. "Dynamiques des champs politiques locaux au Gabon : Contribution à l'analyse de l'intégration politique." Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40024.
Full textThe political trajectory of the Gabonese State can be read through three phrases of time : the time of apprenticeship and appropriation of political participation mechanisms (1946-1967), the time of political exclusiveness proposed by a unique Gabonese party (1968-1990), and the time of the democratic revival intervening from 1990. Throughout that configuration, our work enables to set the practice of local spaces within a perspective of political intégration. In such a context, besides the State dimension which identifies their nature, the political structure building of those local spaces fits into logical schemes of control and legitimation. Those elements condition contractual outlines of the articulation between the central power and local spaces. Whether they are conceived as spaces of the centre's extension and domination, or as spaces of conquest and visibility for antagonist political forces, relational modes are marked by the structural characteristics of the Gabonese State (which is indeed a centralized and Jacobin one). Structurally determined by local contigencies, and otherwise marked by attempts of political neutralization, Gabonese local political fields are characterized by an elective practice and insert themselves in a mode of captation controlled by the central power. In 1990, the central power domination was weakened by the democratic renewal. In that context dominated by the rise of new political forces, local fields crystallize political life in Gabon. On the one hand, the frenzied increase in number of administrative units brings about fresh spaces of political competition. After the saying "divide and rule", one discovers a new political axiom which is : "split and share". On the other hand, those places are bound to the State by means of its organization in several levels of administration and the geography of its hegemony. The State survives and thrives as long as it can maintain the territorial coalition of those places which provide it with a geographical shape. The State depends on the support of those places, which inversely also depend on the centre's political influence. The political continuity of the Gabonese system is implemented by the investment of local spaces acting as places of legitimation and getting round concerning a controlled political protest
Drechselová, Lucie. "Femmes et pouvoir local : processus d’engagement et trajectoires politiques féminines en Turquie." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH093.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the issue of women’s under-representation in local politics in contemporary Turkey. The intermediary level of politics – party presence in municipalities – is studied with a double approach distinguishing among political parties (AKP, CHP, MHP, and the pro-Kurdish HDP & DBP) as well as among cities (Izmir, Trabzon and Diyarbakır). The Anglo-American body of literature in political sociology is put into dialogue with the French research in the fields of sociology of mobilization, of political elites and of institutions. Gendered perspective is transversal to the whole thesis. Field work was done in 2014, 2015 and 2016 in Izmir, Trabzon and Diyarbakır and took the form of non-participant observation and semi-directed interviews with two hundred female municipal councilors and women holding an intra-party office. Conceptually, seeing parties as heterogeneous entities allows us to study exchanges that take place within the party hierarchy. The place and role of women in the candidate selection processes questions the artificial separation between the “local” and the “national”. Throughout the demonstration, it becomes clear that women’s profiles and political carriers are intrinsically linked to modalities of their access to electoral mandate, which in turn determines the ways in which women embody their role as elected figures. The distinctive party ethoses contribute to privilege specific individual and collective strategies over others. The research concludes with the finding that in order to understand the levels of women’s local representation as well as its modalities, the “party” criteria has bigger explanatory value than the localconfigurations, even though these two perspectives are in fine inseparable
Anquetin, Virginie. "La construction électorale des politiques municipales : travail politique de conquête et de gestion d’une capitale régionale (Strasbourg 1973-2001)." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2011/ANQUETIN_Virginie_2011.pdf.
Full textThis work studies the efforts made by a group of political actors bearing a socialist marking to master different political resources, variable because required in opposite electoral configurations – in the opposition then at the head of the municipality – to maintain or improve their position in the competition, in Strasbourg (France) from 1973 to 2001. It shows that municipal public policies do not proceed from political programs, or simply result from the activities of municipal administrations or expert communities, or consist in mayors’ rational responses to accurate and obvious problems. Rather than being consistently organized, the activities of the mayor and the municipal administration are displayed as consistent after they are performed, in order to generate electoral support and prepare election. Mayors can combine a complex range of obvious projects, discreet expenses, and appropriate justifications, channeled by their constant preoccupation for the changing constraints of electoral competition : to minimize or render harmless the opposition’s criticisms ; to attract favorable or positive comments from journalists. By applying Norbert Elias’s analysis of French King Louis XIVth’s Court, one understands how the electoral interests and plans of the mayor are supported by the municipal administration and by the members of majority or their partners and allies
Ferret, Jérôme. "Les élites politiques en Midi-Pyrénées." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Presses universitaires du septentrion, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/60355315.html.
Full textLidgi, Sylvie Bourdin Alain. "Paris-gouvernance ou Les malices des politiques urbaines : J. Chirac, J. Tibéri /." Paris ; Montréal (Québec) ; Budapest [etc.] : l'Harmattan, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb372209833.
Full textKosmopoulos, Dimitrios. "La reconfiguration politique en Grèce, 2010-2014." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED026.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the political upheaval in Greece during 2010-2014, a period marked by the economic crisis and the implementation of structural adjustment programs. Based on an empirical study, we demonstrate that the collapse of PASOK and the resulting political change are conditioned both by the internal structure of the party and the adopted policies. Our study focuses on the loss of the social anchors of PASOK, a loss which precedes and decides the electoral fall. The breakdown of socialist party is analyzed correlatively to the emergence of an alternative political offer that is formed through the anti- Memorandum mobilizations. Finally, we analyze how the Memorandum is becoming a major wedge issue determining both the political offer and the electoral alignments. This work is therefore part of a broader perspective that articulates the study of party politics with political crisis’ processes
Haddab, Karim. "Le système politico-administratif de la ville de Paris : pouvoir des maires d'arrondissement et réforme de décentralisation interne." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040029.
Full textThe political administrative system of Paris, self-governing since 1977 (M. Chirac elected mayor), presents the following features : - the undisputed leadership of the RPR's president - a government by a confined and catch all power committee - a numerous and various administration, very integrated by top of pyramid (general secretary, vertical management, principal mayor's assistants) which impose a quantitative and abstract rationality, ignorant of players and different sectorial publics. - The attraction of associations and private interest groups (buffer associations extra-municipal commissions. . . ), combined with fusions and relays in the wards. The shyness of the P. L. M. Law, the right's victory (1983,1986) and the systemic- cultural resistances (bureaucratical and feudal political logics) has stopped all deep; evolution. Most certainly the mayors of wards own a real power, essentialy based on their electoral legitimity and their relational ability ; but they don't exploit it in favor of a taller local democraty : trendly, they reproduce the central logic. So, the administereds' participation at the qualitative manage- ment of local public goods and services stay weak and unequal. Actually, we can't change the political-administrative system by decree. .
Méraud, Nathalie. "Patrimoine et Plan local d'urbanisme à Paris : A nouvelles protections, nouveaux patrimoines ? (2001-2006)." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070040.
Full textOctober 2001, the city of Paris creates the concept of the Local Plan of Urban Planning (LPUP), in replacement of the older Occupation Plan of Grounds. The LPUP must determine the use and occupation of grounds for the next ten to twenty years. Due to the evolution of the concept of heritage on one of the hand, and urban politics on the other hand, the LPUP of Paris, in accordance to the article L. 123-1 §7° of the Town Planning code, can now identify and protect the built heritage. The city invites Parisians, in particular via the new district Council and residents associations, to take part in the construction of LPTP. In June 2006, at the conclusion of a vast dialogue and public Survey which follows, it is not less than 6000 goods that are protected under the title of « Protections Ville de Paris » (Protections from the City of Paris) (PVP). These goods, because they where reported important regarding the history of Parisian architecture, will have to be valorized. Moreover, they're demolition is forbidden by the rule of LPUP. These 6000 PVP are to be brought closer to 1800 other goods already protected under the title of Historical Monuments in Paris. If these last named goods are recognized as most prestigious, and of a national scale, the PVP as put in value an heritage, admittedly local and more modest, but which the participation to the construction of Paris is obvious
Mariette, José. "La Social-Démocratie locale, modèle politique pour la Guadeloupe et la Martinique ? : réflexions sur l'espace socio-politique Antillais." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081122.
Full textThe end of this century characterizes by the triumph of the economic liberalism, by the fall of the marxism and the electoral decline of the social-democracy. Nevertheless the worrisome of the social exclusion in europe westerner could have restore a boom to to the social western democracy, by remaining framed by the european liberal community right. The french west indies are found also under the empriose of the economic liberalism, gold policies of tax allowance inspirations have not succeeded to decrease the unemployment and to slow the economic decline. The author propose to conciliate the economic development and the social justice, by the cooperation between the different local collectivities and by a common modernization between the two departments. It proposes also a reform of the local taxes, in order that the taxe becomes an instrument of the social justice. The disfavored people could benefit from the material goods minimum
Langlais, Chloë. "Montmartre : protection patrimoniale et mémoire locale de 1886 à nos jours." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H026.
Full textBonzon, Thierry. "Les assemblées locales parisiennes et leur politique sociale pendant la Grande Guerre (1912-1919)." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010539.
Full textBort, Frédéric. "Le sens politique : contribution à l'étude des usages du métier d'un chef polique local : Georges Frêche 2004-2007." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON10055.
Full textMorvan, Alexia. "Pour une éducation populaire politique : à partir d’une recherche-action en Bretagne." Paris 8, 2011. http://octaviana.fr/document/172299233#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textAnalysing what happened to the popular education movements during the end of the XIXth century and the XXth century allows one to think that it turned more into playing a role of domestication than being a mean of emancipation for its public. Understanding how these institutions evolved during a century and a half towards political matter, helping to explore what were the practices of popular education in an emancipatory perspective. Political education at school has been emphasized very recently in France by Meirieu1 and explored by Mougniotte2, as a kind of education for democracy or education for citizenship, going further than classical civic instruction proposed for pupils. But its practice promotes only a citizenship of low intensity. Whereas the concept of popular political education assumes a connection with strong democracy. It links the heritage of critical education with the dimension of collective action. This kind of education is seeking how people can not only learn to read politically the world but also how to find a way of righting it3. My thesis examines the case of an action research which emerged from a group of twenty popular educators in 2003 in Brittany on this issue : how can popular education contribute to political education ? This experience led in 2007 to the creation of a new organization and new practices of popular education promoting political education, as a contribution to strong democracy. This empirical study gives elements on the conditions of such political popular education, its originality, difficulties and effects
Zylberberg, Laurent. "De la région de Paris à l'Ile-de-France : construction d'un espace politique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992IEPP0009.
Full textThe local political-administrative system in the Ile-de-France is something very specific. The regional institutions were inherited from an administrative structure : wich began from the "delegation general and finally became the district de la region de paris". The idea of a regional political territory slowly emerged from the notion of regional development. The creation of the district at the beginning of the 60's marked a rupture in the principles of the regional development of the ile-de-france. This new institution is based on a particular type of administration as well as the collaboration of technical personnel. The schedule of regional planning published in 1965, overhauled in 1969 ans 1975 stressed the necessary growth of the paris region. The designing of the new departments in 1964 as well as the development of the new towns, are the foundation of these new principles. In fact, the repartition of the powers in the region is reflected in the story of the development of the paris region. Moreover the repercussions of which are reflected on political organisations (SFIO, PCF). This study tries to show the different stages of the building of a political space and the specificities of the Ile-de-France in the french local political-administrative system
Bué, Nicolas. "Rassembler pour régner : Négociations des alliances et maintien d'une prééminence partisane : l'union de la gauche à Calais (1971-2005)." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL20028.
Full textSince 1971, Calais has been administered by a left-wing coalition led by the Communist Party. In the context of a generalized weakening of the French Communist Party (PCF), the city is labelled as the most important provincial « Communist city » in 2006, although it is nowadays overtaken by its Left-wing and Right-wing rivals in most of the constituency elections. In order to understand the mechanisms of the Communist maintenance, the thesis begins with the observation that party alliances structure the local political life and then investigates how these coalitions are operaing and how political actors are using them. The microsociological observation of the alliance in-the-making, led in the log term and centred on its practical conditions of functioning, highlights how « conflicting connivance » relationships cement the relations between « partners ». The « union of the Left » is perceived as a social norm which strongly constrains the Left-wing parties, in particular the Socialist Party, to renew their alliance with the PCF in order to keep the city council,. The coalition thus tends to gain autonomy as it becomes a local order ; it operates as a micro-society whose rules, roles allocation, routines and negociating practices enable the reproduction of the game and of its underlying hierarchies. Consequently, the institutionalised coalition order structures the negotiations and interactions between rival partners within and beyond the municipal institution. The Left-wing alliances system as it has been built up, formalised and renewed in Calais represents the main matrix of the Communist supremacy at the municipal level. Further, the thesis is an invitation to re-investigate, in sociological and empirical way, the party alliance phenomena
Bourbillères, Hugo. "Impacts territoriaux des événements sportifs parisiens (2013-2016) : l’approche par les dynamiques locales." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS329/document.
Full textSince the 90s, scientific works on the impact of sports events has been mainly focusing on economics. However, for some years now, intangible effects related to social dimension of these events are increasingly studied. In this context, this work aims to understand the impacts of recurring sports events based in Paris. Started from an extensive census, this work analyzes 9 case studies representative of the observed diversity of sporting events in Paris. Data collection is based on in situ observations (11), semi-directives interviews (41), and documentary analyses. Based on grounded theory which uses a fieldwork approach to yield a theoretical framework, the analysis demonstrates that the understanding of local stakes can only be achieved through a precise contextualization of local situations and political willingness.This inductive pathway launches two analytical determinations: (1) to build a way to analyze interplays of actors that reveal the centrality of the public entity in the networking process (2) to highlight the intangible relationship between the event and its host territory, through the concept of “territorial anchorage.” These developments lead to the proposal of a “model of the local dynamics”. This model aim to apprehend all that revolves around the sporting event: from what allows it to emerge to what it generates. In conclusion, regarding the decisive role of the public entity within Parisian’s sporting events, a more global approach is envisaged where the aggregation of local dynamics could evolve into a territorial dynamic, beginning with a portfolio of complementary sports events
Kemesso, Aly. "La décentralisation au prisme de l'identité locale : étude à partir de la rébellion Touareg au Mali." Thesis, Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0125.
Full textOur thesis will aim to understand the complexity of the concept of decentralization with regard to the construction of the state in Mali. To carry out this analysis, we will adopt the dialectical method. This will enable us to understand how decentralization, understood as a tool and modality of territorial organization, mobilizes "moments" of the formation of the state which appear as necessarily reciprocal and can be the object of a double use between unity and pluralism. This technical tool offers the means for a political instrumentalisation that will form the use of decentralization in Mali as well as the possibility of a reflexivity of the local interests in the implementation of the decentralization likely to inform this practice legally. In this sense, decentralization develops initially within the framework of the Malian state within a process in which the state finds itself - or meets itself - in the negation of local identities; the price to be paid will be the irremediable loss of one's own identity. In this dialectical perspective, the first phase of decentralization expresses the transition from the state "in itself" to the "for itself" state in Mali. This first phase will be characterized by the integration of decentralization into a "political grammar" [Part One]. It is this initial dissonance inherent in the very constitution of the state that implies the second phase of instrumentalization of decentralization in Mali. The latter will thus be apprehended no longer in a political perspective but will give rise to a legal reappropriation of decentralization that should promote the integration of these differences and territorial singularities in the Malian state [Part Two]. It is this dialectic that, in our opinion, is expressed by the Malian use of decentralization and the influence of the Tuareg problem that will push this system to its limits: this concept appears as a plastic tool that must evolve in the light of conjunctures and allows State continuity in the long term
Mazars, Nadège Gros Christian. "Mouvement indigène en Equateur." [S. l.] : [s. n.], 2005. http://www.iheal.univ-paris3.fr/IMG/pdf/DEA_v1_N_Mazars.pdf.
Full textBenahcene, Mounir. "Stratégies d'influence et réception d'une politique publique d'équipement solaire en Algérie." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1213/document.
Full textTo encourage actions in favour of renewable energies, in 2011, the Algerian government launched "program to develop renewable energies and promote energy efficiency”, which described it as ambitious. To decode the stakes of this energetic public policy, especially in terms of polity, we have mobilized the “public governance” approach as well as “stakeholdertheory”. The reception of this “policy” in terms of projects is reflected in two dimensions. The first dimension led us to construct a typology of the projects deployed. The second dimension allowed us to construct a typology of the influence strategies implemented when this public policy was appropriated in large and small projects. They would have to be characterized with the assumption that they would be of a very different nature between the two types of projects observed. We found that large companies, at the local level, use rather similarly limited strategies. On the other hand, small local companies combine several influencing strategies that demonstrate a form of strategic creativity
Meynet, Cécilia. "Quelle gouvernance urbaine locale au Mali ? : Territoires et dynamiques sociales à partir de l'assainissement à Mopti, Ségou, Kayes." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10114.
Full textKemesso, Aly. "La décentralisation au prisme de l'identité locale : étude à partir de la rébellion Touareg au Mali." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0125.
Full textOur thesis will aim to understand the complexity of the concept of decentralization with regard to the construction of the state in Mali. To carry out this analysis, we will adopt the dialectical method. This will enable us to understand how decentralization, understood as a tool and modality of territorial organization, mobilizes "moments" of the formation of the state which appear as necessarily reciprocal and can be the object of a double use between unity and pluralism. This technical tool offers the means for a political instrumentalisation that will form the use of decentralization in Mali as well as the possibility of a reflexivity of the local interests in the implementation of the decentralization likely to inform this practice legally. In this sense, decentralization develops initially within the framework of the Malian state within a process in which the state finds itself - or meets itself - in the negation of local identities; the price to be paid will be the irremediable loss of one's own identity. In this dialectical perspective, the first phase of decentralization expresses the transition from the state "in itself" to the "for itself" state in Mali. This first phase will be characterized by the integration of decentralization into a "political grammar" [Part One]. It is this initial dissonance inherent in the very constitution of the state that implies the second phase of instrumentalization of decentralization in Mali. The latter will thus be apprehended no longer in a political perspective but will give rise to a legal reappropriation of decentralization that should promote the integration of these differences and territorial singularities in the Malian state [Part Two]. It is this dialectic that, in our opinion, is expressed by the Malian use of decentralization and the influence of the Tuareg problem that will push this system to its limits: this concept appears as a plastic tool that must evolve in the light of conjunctures and allows State continuity in the long term
Trouslot, Franck. "L'évaluation des actions publiques à l'échelon local : illustration et analyse critique à partir de l'exemple de la politique de maîtrise de l'énergie en Poitou-Charentes." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT4003.
Full textSince the 80's, the evaluation of the public policy has been developing in france in a theoretical setting close to the experimental model prevailing in the usa in the 70's. Through the "autopsy" of an evaluation carried out in the rational energy policy in poitoucharentes, we show the main limits of the model. This empiric investigatioin, essentially devoted to the results analysis of the regional rational energy policy between 1977 and 1992, allows to plan a future reflection in france, similar to the one which originated the new paradigm of the 80's in the usa. The first french adjustments can be perceived through the development of evaluation institutions in the early 90's. But they are not liable to correct alone the limits of the experimental model. To conclude, it is necessary to take into account the pluralist approach of the evaluation. This does not mean that the experimental model should be neglected but there should be a reconciliation of the methodological waves. Furthermore, the actors' games should be taken into account in a larger part
Maillard-Bjedov, Tjaša. "Three essays in public economics : fiscal decentralization, coordination and secessions." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO22005.
Full textThis PhD thesis falls within the fields of public finance and public choice. It studies the following issues: ideological polarization, decentralization and conflict. It consists of three chapters can be read independently. In the first chapter the focus is on the importance of ideological polarization between but also within political parties on the level and composition of cantonal public spending. The analysis is on Swiss cantonal parliaments and is based on the use and econometric treatment of a very rich database. We made two contributions to the literature on the impact of political fragmentation on public spending. First, we showed that ideological dispersion within political parties is associated with higher public spending while the dispersion between political parties is associated with less public spending. This finding implies that the mode of organization and discipline within political parties are both important. This result is particularly interesting given that previous literature has completely abstracted from ideological dispersion within political parties. Lastly, we showed that ideological dispersion between and within political parties is mainly relevant for current expenditures. The second chapter focuses on the conflict of objectives that may exist between economic agents in a two-stage game with asymmetric payoffs. The literature showed that coordination failures are frequent in one-stage games and that communication can help individuals coordinate with the use of take turn strategies that allow for a reduction in the payoffs’ inequality in the long run. Our contribution was to study whether communication has the same capacity in a two-stage game where the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium requires both players to make opposite choices at both stages of the game and accept unequal payoffs. Our results show that coordination failures occur half of the time and that 18% of the pairs use the take turn strategy. Communication significantly increases coordination on the subgame perfect Nash equi librium because it increases the ability of subjects to initiate a take turn strategy and to maintain it. Thus, communication allows subjects to establish a long-term strategy that increases efficiency and reduces payments differences, induced by the asymmetry in payoffs, by exchanging their relative positions in a fair way. Our results show that communication can solve coordination conflicts, even in more complex situations than in one-stage games usually studied until now. The last chapter focuses on a particular type of conflict: political secessions. Specifically, it addresses the link between secessions, decentralization and group identity. We aim at determining, by means of a laboratory experiment, if decentralizing the provision of public goods reduces the likelihood of secession. We emphasize the importance of local identity. Our experimental design, obviously, do not reproduce all the trade-offs that separatist movements face in the real world. It allows, however, capturing at least two key forces that drive these movements: the proximity to public goods that reduces the phenomena of free-riding and brings public goods closer to citizens’ preferences and the importance of local identities. Our results indicate that the Decentralization treatment increases contributions to local public goods and decreases the likelihood of secessions also when identity is made more salient. If fact, reinforcing local group identity increases the likelihood of secession only when local group members are cooperators
Nez, Héloïse. "Les savoirs citoyens dans l'urbanisme participatif : regards croisés sur les expériences de Paris et de Cordoue." Paris 8, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA083213.
Full textThis thesis focuses on citizen knowledge in participatory urban planning. Its questions the relevance of this category of analysis, which is also a principle of action, to study the participatory mechanisms that multiply for the last two decades in various contexts in Europe. From a theoretical framework at the crossroads of urban sociology, science studies and political sociology, the author led a comparative ethnographic investigation in Paris and Cordoba, Spain. The analysis follows the path of citizen knowledge, from its formation and its mobilization until its integration and its impact on the decision, making passing by its interactions with other protagonists’ knowledge. Distinguish different types of knowledge is useful for research and action because it legitimates citizen participation, describing their contribution to urban policies. The study of interactions between protagonists puts forward dialectics between legitimacy and power conflicts, and learning effects. Although participatory democracy opens the circle of knowledge in urban planning and shifts the boundaries between expert and lay knowledge, hierarchies are reintroduced in the citizen sphere as the most active participants are becoming more professional. Yet it is this professionalism that allows citizens to have an impact on the great urban transformations, combining the logics of knowledge and power. The recognition of citizen knowledge in decision-making improves local management and impulses urban innovation, but raises again the question of social justice within the city
Joël, Idt. "LE PILOTAGE DES PROJETS D'AMÉNAGEMENT URBAIN : ENTRE TECHNIQUE ET POLITIQUE Une analyse basée sur les cas de Paris, Lille, et Chartres." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468424.
Full textRamond, Quentin. "Trajectoires résidentielles et choix scolaires des classes moyennes : statut d’occupation du logement, ségrégation et action publique locale dans la métropole parisienne." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0021.
Full textGiven the strong correlation between the distribution of attractive school offer and the prices on the housing market, the middle classes are likely to face complex trade-offs between housing tenure and access to attractive educational resources. This research examines how the middle classes deal with these uneasy negotiations, by analyzing the effects of housing tenure on their residential segregation patterns and their relationships with spatial inequalities in school provision. First, I use a quantitative approach to show that proximity to attractive public schools in privileged urban contexts is associated with higher representation in the private and public rental sectors, which relates to the development of public housing units aimed at middle-class households in these areas. On the contrary, access to homeownership mostly unfolds in working-class areas with poorly performing schools. Second, building on fieldwork in the Paris metropolis, I show that the middle classes articulate different values and attitudes to deal with exacerbating constraints on the housing market and competition for better schools. Their compromises between housing tenure and place of residence reveal different relationships with other social groups and between generations within the family network. Overall, the interplay between housing tenure, the social profile of places and the unequal geography of education shapes different residential status within the middle classes, which is crucial to understand social stratification and class relations in large cities as well as to improve housing and education policies aimed at tackling the effects of place in the (re)production of inequalities
Leal, Carine de Souza. "Quem faz a política no município? Perfil social e político dos vereadores do Rio Grande do Sul (2004-2008)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/27500.
Full textEste trabalho analisa o perfil social e político dos vereadores gaúchos da legislatura 2004-2008. Apoia-se na literatura sobre partidos e recrutamento político, buscando adaptá-la ao cenário municipal. Objetiva identificar as diferenças entre os vereadores dos partidos com melhor desempenho no Estado (PMDB, PP, PT, PDT, PTB) nos municípios de diferentes portes (pequenos, médio-pequeno, médio, médio-grande e grande). Conclui que apesar de as diferenças entre portes de municípios serem mais fortes, as diferenças entre partidos também são notáveis.
Pennec, Tangui. "Géopolitique d’une « banlieue bleue » : les Hauts-de-Seine dans le Grand Paris : un essai d’analyse géopolitique locale." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080076/document.
Full textSince they were created in 1964, the Hauts-de-Seine have been a stronghold of the Ile-de-France's right wing. The political stakes are high as this 'departement-metropole' is often qualified as the second richest after Paris. Like the hub of La Defense, which has become Europe's first business centre, the Hauts-de-Seine have lately undergone deep sociological and economical changes as well as consequent urban transformations. The geopolitical analyse proves itself meaningful to understand these mutations. They indeed are tightly connected to a set of territorial strategies, the aim of which is the political control of the Hauts-de-Seine. The right-wing thus contrived, set up and developped a local geopolitical system which, to many aspects, is the mirror image of the red suburb. This dissertation first shows how the Hauts-de-Seine's blue suburb was organized. It then focuses on how the actors of the local geopolitical system operate by insisting on the outstanding geopolitical dimension of the public policies of the urban planning and on how this transformed the aspect of the department's cities. It also focuses on the competition for power at a metropolitan scale. Confronted to the risk of being assimilated by the Greater Paris, the departement is developping a large-scale geopolitical project, the merging between the Hauts-de-Seine and the Yvelines which, if put in practice, would make these suburbs a major blue suburb
Saribasak, Ercan. "L'AK Parti et l'intégration européenne de la Turquie : analyse du Parti de la justice et du développement en Turquie sous l'angle de ses stratégies européennes." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENH032.
Full textThis thesis highlights the complex relationship between the AK Party and the EU, a major player which shapes Turkey's foreign policy and also ensures existence of the AK Party. The party came to power in 2002 just after its establishment in 2001. Since then, the AK Party has consolidated its position and of no doubt has become one of the biggest and the strongest parties in the history of Turkish politics. On the other hand the European policy of Turkey is a subject that still attracts considerable attention, even at the moment when it is no longer considered as privileged central axis of Turkish foreign policy and do not exists as before in the agenda of the AK Party. Indeed, since the negotiations with the EU have been initiated with the AK Party, this subject attracts much more attention and has become an interesting topic to analyze because the leaders of the AK Party came from the tradition of the `National Vision`. By reading of the party and more specifically by analyzing its EU policy, we sought to understand the meaning of the EU and the role it has played and still plays in the existence of the party. By conducting first a comparison between European policies of the political parties of the National Vision and the AK Party, our goal is to understand the positioning of the AK Party in the Turkish political system. Then, by analyzing the EU vision of the party during elections and referendums, we have noted the evolution of European policies of the party during each of those election periods and also the evolution of the level of interaction between two parties. Meanwhile, we tried to understand role of the EU within the scope of the foreign policies of the party. Even though the European policies were considered to be stable elements for the AK Party and Turkish political history, their importance and or intensity has evolved over time. For our study, we decided the EU as an invariable actor, and elections as well as time as variable elements. Therefore, this doctoral dissertation aims to show the position of the AK Party vis à vis the EU, the evolution of the importance of the EU for the latter since its creation in 2001 and lastly to analyze the European policies of the AK Party
Schmidt, David. "L’épuration dans la France libérée à partir de 1943 : une approche juridique à la lumière de l’exemple alsacien-mosellan." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR30016.
Full textFor ideological purpose, the Government of free France poses, since the summer of 1943, the principle of a crackdown on collaboration facts grounded on the legislation in force at June 16, 1940. However, the will to punish every behaviors in favor of the occupant requires on one hand a large application of texts presenting vague terms and on the other hand the institution of a new crime, the Indignité nationale with a new punishment, the degradation nationale, true questionings of the principle prohibiting retroactivity of the criminal law. The context requiring a fast procedure, the Government of Algiers decides to use the cours de justice, jurisdictions halfway between the cours d’assises and the military tribunals and the chambres cïviques, qualified to declare in a state of indignité nationale on a principal basis. The enforcement of the purge ordinances by the judges is characterized by moderation due to the professional legal culture of the magistracy. The Alsatian-mosellan region example makes it possible to note that convicting is not systematic and that the particular situations are taken into account during the cours de justice and the chambres civiques trials. The severity of the purge appears in the additional punishments, in particular with the measurements of territorial distance. The strict application of the la by the magistrates cannot prevent a retum of the purge into the political sphere. The interference of the executive power and the vote of the laws of amnesty by the legislator question the oeuvre of justice operated by the purge jurisdictions
Guo, Ming. "Faire un marché à partir d'un État-providence : perspectives des politiciens locaux suédois sur la commercialisation des soins aux personnes âgées." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0139/document.
Full textMarket reforms have quite notably been used as a solution to increase the quality of public services and efficiency since the 1990s. Sweden has also introduced marketisation in the field of elderly care since 1992 to cope with increasing care needs while maintaining costs at a reasonable level. Yet, the introduction of a market mechanism in the welfare state is subject to increasing political and public debates. Many are sceptical about the purported benefits of a market, such as increased quality and reduced costs, as proposed by New Public Management. There have also been increasing critiques of the profit-making in care services in recent years.After two decades of marketisation, it is worthwhile to map out local politicians’ attitude patterns, namely, how they perceive the use of a market or quasi-market in a welfare state, where the market mechanism might challenge traditional principles such as universalism, solidarity, and equality. Complementary to studies on attitudes of public welfare, this research uses a unique survey dataset from 2014 to expand current understandings of politicians’ perspectives of marketisation.To be more specific, this study analyses three different aspects of marketisation: production, regulation, and financing. The results show that attitudinal differences between left- and right-wing politicians on private for-profit providers remain distinct. Political orientations of individuals, political majority in municipalities, and the privatisation level already achieved locally are identified as important factors in explaining local politicians’ willingness to privatise further. The preference differences continue to exist between the two blocs, and political ideology plays a major role in explaining these differences, more so than individual factors such as age, gender, or working position. Self-reported answers reveal that political ideology influences attitude formation. To a large extent, left- and right-wing politicians agree on welfare principles such as universalism, and they both recognise potential impacts that the market could have on society, such as inequality. It seems plausible that welfare state pluralism is the direction of the future.This case study serves as a solid example for examining the market development of public welfare in advanced welfare states and also contributes to the discussion of the potential role of political ideology in post-austerity welfare reforms
Zaza, Ornella. "Horizons urbains en expérimentation : discours et pratiques d’une collectivité territoriale face au numérique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100003.
Full textAre digital technologies reshaping the way local governments plan the city? By recomposing an archaeology of the so-called “digital revolution” through its actors, utopias and ideologies, a consensus seems to emerge today around the project of “smart city”: by the concept of “co-construction”, citizen participation and public-private cooperation overlap. The conjunction of the use of new technologies (constantly evolving and mostly designed by private actors) and the consideration of citizens (coming from the public ideology on which French public action has been built in history) brings out the “paradigm of experimentation”, to which the public actor is increasingly appealing. This paradigm unfolds through a series of devices that are analysed by three topos in anthropology: the experimentation of new digital solutions, which ritualizes the interactions between actors around the design of digital “sur-objects”; the experimentation of public policies, which generates a permanent rehabilitation of public action", between "archaism" and “modernity”, because of the emergence of “online agora”; urban experimentation, which attempts to organize the material and immaterial narratives of urban transformation by setting up digital “demonstrators”. Based on an ethnography within Paris City Hall, the thesis shows that through experimentation public actors seeks to “publicize” logics and tools coming from the private domain, landing however to the same operational objective: to produce urban horizons, whose discourses and practices continually cross the border between public and private domains
Maargab, Rafik. "Revendications citoyennes et réalité de la gouvernance urbaine locale : les acteurs associatifs locaux à l'épreuve du projet de requalification urbaine de la rue de la République à Marseille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1078.
Full textThis research deals with the subject of local urban governance beyond its conceptual or analytical aspect. It is question to understanding the local urban governance through: the urban project, the means and mechanisms for the management of the public affairs as well as techniques and practices of public and all stakeholders, including local civil society actors. Based on the example of urban regeneration project in the street of the République in Marseille, the study also showed the ability and the contribution of neighbourhood associations in the interests of citizens and promotion of local participatory democracy. Furthermore, the research addresses the question of the impact of mutations scocio-economic due to the crossing of public policy and the intervention of economic actors on the micro-local space, namely the street, and on the urban citizens. It's the whole interest of this research to show the impact of economic and political logics on the urban project and to show the place of citizens and civil society actors in decision making
Ouhaddi, Ahmed. "Accompagner le parcours d’insertion sociale et professionnelle des jeunes parisiens en Mission Locale." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2020_0020_OUHADDI.pdf.
Full textThis research is built in two parts. The first, entitled "Support in a context of persistent crisis", specifies the sociological evolution of young people and the conditions for setting up a structure intended for their social and professional integration. The second part, named: "Taking charge of the support process for young people by the advisers of the Mission Locale de Paris" describes support situations and shows how the advisers (CISP) use the devices of the Local Mission to integrate socially and professionally beneficiaries with very varied profiles. It also shows that the profession of CISP requires specific expertise and skills. However, although their barriers to employability have been reduced or eliminated, some people do not gain access to employment. According to the CISP, the beneficiaries encounter many difficulties in their integration process, including discrimination. It seemed important to us to deal with this question in the third part entitled: "The Counselor on social and professional integration in the face of discrimination: What support?". The purpose of this research is to show that the path of support for young people in social and professional integration is done through specific programs, a dedicated place - the local mission - with the help of a professional capable of carrying it out. - the counselor. Building the integration of young people as a social fact through support means entering a field of analysis that requires the mobilization of a theoretical framework situated at the crossroads of the sociology of youth, the sociology of public policies, the sociology of professional groups, the sociology of organizations, the sociology of expertise and the sociology of discrimination. This theoretical conception clarifies and organizes reality by bringing out the relevant questions ensuring a precise understanding of the phenomenon. It is not a thesis in administrative or legal science but rather in human sciences and specifically in sociology, which allows us to identify as much as possible a knowledge of the mode of support for active integration, integrating young people into society. and the world of work in a period of persistent crisis
Antunes, Isabelle. "Le développement local de la pêche en Indonésie, entre unité politique et diversité culturelle : une approche à partir de deux situations contrastées, Bendar à Java et Watlaar aux Moluques." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040064.
Full textHû, Grégory. "Les roses déracinées : transformation du recrutement du personnel socialiste : des logiques sociales aux logiques politiques (fin XIX-2012)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG023/document.
Full textThis PhD dissertation examines the transformations in the recruitment of the French Socialist Party’s (PS) political personnel from the late nineteenth century to 2012. It shows how social logics of recruitment have been replaced by political ones, with a significant renewal of the party’s elected representatives and executives in the 1990s. The research is based on extensive fieldwork combining quantitative and qualitative methods (interviews, participant observation, archival work and prosopography). The first part describes the social rationales at work in the renewal of the PS’s political personnel from the late nineteenth century to the 1990s. The second part examines in closer detail the devaluation of the mobilized groups’ resources during the 1990s. Finally, the third and last part demonstrates how the reevaluation of political and party resources has transformed the recruitment and changed the elected representatives’ political capital
Chorba, Ahmad. "L’influence réelle du contexte local d'une unité affiliée sur la politique environnementale globale dans un groupe hôtelier multinational aussi diversifié qu’Accor." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU2069.
Full textOn the basis of an in-depth analysis of the Accor group c ase, the purpose of this research is to study with focus the factors influencing the application of the global environmental policies defined by a parent company among affiliated hotels in multinational groups. Even though the parent company deploys an identical environmental policy around the world, results show that not all affiliated hotels respond in the same way to the parent company directives. Furthermore, we have been able to observe differences in environmental behaviour not only between hotels located in different countries but also in the hotels of the same country. Such an heterogeneity can be attributed partially to particularities of the local context in which the affiliated hotels are located. In addition, to previous institutional factors - whether it was from a corporate or local based - the specific characteristics of each hotel are also likely to influence its environmental behavior
تمهيـــــد: بناءً على دراسة متعمقة لحالة مجموعة أكور، الغـرض من هـذا البحــــث هو فهـــم العـــوامـل التي يمكـــن أن تؤثر علـى تطبيـق الفنادق التابعـة لمجموعـة متعددة الجنسـيات للسياســـة البيئية العامة المحددة من قبل ادارتهم المركزيةالادارة المركزية للمجموعات الفندقية توجه ســــــياســــــــة بيئية موحدة لجميع فنادقها في جميع أنحاء العالـم، لكن الفنادق التابعــــة لا تســــــتجيب جميعــها بنفـــــس الطريقـة لتوجيهات المركز ؛ لا يختلف الســـلوك البيئي للفنادق التابعــــة فقط بســـــــبب اختلاف البلدان التي تتـواجد فيها هذه الفنادق، وانما يخـتلف ايضا بين فنــادق متــواجدة في نفــــس البلد. يمكن لخصائص الســـياق المحلي للبيئة الذي توجد فيها الفنادق أن تفـســــر جزئيًا عدم التجانــــــس فيما بينها. علاوةً على ذلك، إلى جانب العوامل المؤســســـاتية – ســــواء كانت توجيهية من المركز أو ســـياقيـة من البيئـة المحليــة - من المرجح أن خصـائـص كل فندق تؤثر ايضاَ على ســــــلوكه البيئي
Bardan, Alexandra. "Les industries culturelles en Roumanie 1970-1989, acteurs locaux, acteurs internationaux : l'émergence et l'enjeu d'un espace public alternatif de communication." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030073.
Full textThis study aims to analyse the weakening of media and communication monopoly of the Party-Sate in Ceausescu’s Romania and in the context of the growing transnational flow of cultural products during the emerging globalization of the '70s and '80s decades. The three parts of the study are describing this problem: the first part examines the strategy of the cultural policy of the Party-State, seen here as a key phase which guides the conception of the cultural and information offer of products made available on the market. The gradual deterioration of the Romanian cultural policy questions its effects in the offers’ development. The second part of the thesis is trying to provide some answers: the official offer shows a decline in quantity and in quality, especially during the '80s, as overburdened by a growing segment of propaganda products. At the same time, it no longer corresponds to the expectations of the public addressed, which asserts itself as an active player in the market, participating among other actors, local or international, in creating an alternative market for cultural and information products. So what is the response of the Party-Sate in this new competitive environment? Does it have any particular strategy to maintain its monopoly on media and communication? The third part of the thesis explores the instrumental use of the Youth Research Institute in Bucharest as a tracking device in the service of the Party-State to prevent the emergence of an alternative sphere of communication
Bourse, Loic. "Le développement local dans un contexte de mondialisation : une confrontation entre théories et pratiques à partir de deux études de cas : Bamako (Mali) et Marseille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10001/document.
Full textOverall, development theories are not only explanatory models of social change but are primarily theoretical models strongly imbued with ideology justifying the action axes of program development policies. Initially, the theories proposed for the 'southern' countries to “take off” or to wipe the historical order of international dominance as a solution to the riddle of development. In a second step, in the late 1970s, they were the means of ensuring strong economic growth for “North” and “South” countries by the application of SAPs. From the 1990s, a new set of theories of development proposes a form of political action distinct from structural adjustment: local development. It comes in three main action axes:- the return of politics as an institution of economic and social regulation through the ideas of governance and participatory democracy ;- optimization of economic growth and social services by political regulation ;- local development as a production and a regulation level of the politic, the social and the economic.Thus, whether at the level of scientific theories or political agendas, these three axes are the prerequisites of social change. But must these prerequisites be followed to lead the Local Development? This is the question that we tried to address through the perspective of local development practices in a city of a “South” country, Bamako, Mali, and in a city of a “North” country, Marseille, France
Chauvel, Jeanne. "La question du Grand Paris (2001-2012)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020079/document.
Full textThe Greater Paris in in 2001 an utopia. However this planning vision for Paris has brought major changes to the Ile-de-France governance regarding urban development from 2001 to 2012. Three processes jointly carried out illustrate this idea: 1- Since 2001 the City of Paris has been encouraging cooperation between local elected representatives. 2- The Ile-de-France regional development plan has been reviewed since 2004 and as of 2008 a governmental urban development project has been formulated. 3- A new governance project which includes the creation of a metropolitan government has been discussed. The Greater Paris project has led to a new ambitious public transportation plan for its suburbs (2010) and the creation of a metropolitan government(2014). All of these achievements are the result of institutional and political conflicts from the last decade.This monography on the Greater Paris illustrates the issue of urban change of scale in thecontext of increased competition between cities. It aims at understanding the standpoints of public actors (the City of Paris, local mayors, the Ile-de-France region, the State): how they intend to use the Greater Paris idea, how they build up their representations of it and what are the institutional resistance against a metropolitan government. The analytical frame of this study combines three change variables - interests, ideas and institutions – to better understand how the Greater Paris project has changed the regional governance (2001-2012)
Jégou, Anne. "Territoires, acteurs, enjeux des dynamiques de durabilité urbaine : le cas de la métropole parisienne." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00681586.
Full textChuzeville, Julien. "Les courants socialistes et communistes en France sous la IIIe République, du local au transnational, de la monographie à la prosopographie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR001.
Full textStudying the History of the several socialist and communist currents in France since the defeat of the Paris Commune to the Second World War, the emphasis is on essential topics : internationalism, connections with feminism, the critical analysis of imperialism, anticolonialism. Detailed studies are in particular brought upon the primordial time of the socialist unity, the time of the Socialist party SFIO from 1905 to 1914 – from which are later formed all the socialist and communists parties and groups in France. My goal is to try to understand why those socialists campaign, and how they do it. Are their organizational practices consistent with their policy goals ? How do they analyze the world in which they live, and which they want to change ? What is the nature of their internationalism, affirmed even in the name of their party ? What is their place in the labor movement in general ? The historical approach through various focal points is supplemented in particular by the study of grassroots activism (section meetings), attention to militant journeys over the long term, and the perspective of socialists from other countries (for example in examining the attitude and writings of Rosa Luxemburg during the Dreyfus affair)
Boutin, Nathalie. "Management territorial et conflits environnementaux industriels : à la recherche de la biodiversité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0596.
Full textThe issue of biodiversity has been at the forefront of environmental concerns in the same way as climate change, and has been the subject of a voluminous literature and numerous alarmist reports worldwide. Depending on whether one looks at the question from the point of view of the life sciences or the social sciences one has complementary but also contradictory views. The issue of biodiversity, particularly in the Mediterranean, is considered from the angle of its territorial management, which focuses on the comparative study of several localized cases in areas marked by intense interactions between men and the environment, where the consideration for this issue is questioned in a conflictual decision-making context. This thesis deals with territorial management and the approach to biodiversity that emerges from practices related to the state of biodiversity, the phenomena that threaten it. This knowledge is confronted with managerial practices when they are constrained by conflicting events revealing the values of multiple stakeholders. We deduce three models of « Man-Nature » relationships and the regulatory implications that arise from them, and we highlight the paradoxes of public policies oriented towards biodiversity. We then show the determinative nature of these explicit and implicit models, mobilized by decision makers at the individual and institutional levels. This brings to light the weakness of the institutionalization of the issue of biodiversity, stammering. This leads us to provide recommendations for the integration of this issue into managerial practices, both public and private
Boutin, Nathalie. "Management territorial et conflits environnementaux industriels : à la recherche de la biodiversité." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0596.
Full textThe issue of biodiversity has been at the forefront of environmental concerns in the same way as climate change, and has been the subject of a voluminous literature and numerous alarmist reports worldwide. Depending on whether one looks at the question from the point of view of the life sciences or the social sciences one has complementary but also contradictory views. The issue of biodiversity, particularly in the Mediterranean, is considered from the angle of its territorial management, which focuses on the comparative study of several localized cases in areas marked by intense interactions between men and the environment, where the consideration for this issue is questioned in a conflictual decision-making context. This thesis deals with territorial management and the approach to biodiversity that emerges from practices related to the state of biodiversity, the phenomena that threaten it. This knowledge is confronted with managerial practices when they are constrained by conflicting events revealing the values of multiple stakeholders. We deduce three models of « Man-Nature » relationships and the regulatory implications that arise from them, and we highlight the paradoxes of public policies oriented towards biodiversity. We then show the determinative nature of these explicit and implicit models, mobilized by decision makers at the individual and institutional levels. This brings to light the weakness of the institutionalization of the issue of biodiversity, stammering. This leads us to provide recommendations for the integration of this issue into managerial practices, both public and private
Ligopi, Linzuwa Zephyrin. "La lutte contre la pauvreté comme une quête de sens : une perspective d’éthique théologique à partir de la situation de la République démocratique du Congo : 2001-2011." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAK017.
Full textIn 2001, The Democratic Republic of Congo strongly committed itself, with the support of diverse international organizations, to reduce poverty based on the economic growth strategy. Ten years later the nation found itself at the bottom of the countries produced classification by The United Nations Development Program of the Human Development Index (HDI). Besides that program, several local initiatives have come out and developed, based on relational strategies, some of which are presented in this work. While the official strategy against poverty has failed, the society has survived and progressed. Based on this statement, this study discovers that the conceptual approaches and solutions at the base of the fight against poverty often are constricting. Unfortunately, these restrictive attitudes multiply themselves with some tendencies which tend to forget that all kind of poverty isn’t to be fought : the anthropological poverty – which is that of our fragile condition – is often omitted and voluntary poverty is often relegated to the second place. Finally, this study shows that the poverty problem should not be simplified with the intention of giving sense to the actions adopted to fight it, and in this way extend the scope of these actions. This question of sense is decisive in viewing the fight against poverty : a simplistic vision of an action, means, indeed, a considerable reduction of its scope. Today, the fight against poverty should be capable of giving sense to life incorporating an integral vision of the human existence, intimately related to the anthropology presented by the Christian message
Saleh, Adam. "Un modèle et son revers : la cogestion des réserves de biosphère de Waza et de la Bénoué dans le Nord-Cameroun." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808569.
Full textMolinié-Andlauer, Marie-Alix. "Musée et pouvoir symbolique. Regard géographique sur le Louvre." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL148.
Full textThe symbolic force of the Louvre expresses itself through its latest territorial model. Instrumental to the French diplomacy, The Louvre embodies the French cultural influence on a French region in urban reconstruction (Hauts de France) or in countries in economical or political re-structuration (Émirats arabes unis, Iran). In a mondialisations context (Ghorra-Gobin, 2005), this reputation linked to the Louvre representations favours a locus desire. Our analysis of these representations emphasizes the fact that this géosymbol (Bonnemaison, 1981), present in the collective imaginary, is instrumental in the multiplication of the Louvre sites. The Louvre museum, the Louvre-Atlanta, the Louvre-Lens, the Louvre Abu Dhabi and the Louvre Téhéran, plus the professional networks, partnerships, works of art circulation are as many aspects that facilitate the emergence of something superior to a network: the notion of a Louvre territory that can be understood by its temporalities (Braudel). Most importantly, the propagation of the Louvre (as a model) raises various questions as the museum itself is defined by its sacred part (i.e. its collections). This research work is an attempt to answer a crucial question: how (with this sacred part as a starting point), can the Louvre be an actor to the linkage of various loci (places) in a mondialisations context and how can the Louvre in fine initiate the creation of a territory. To conclude with, this research is an invitation to think about the impact (and evolution) of a Louvre territory in terms of an archipelago or of multi-situated territory. Our references to approach the territory concept are Guy Di Méo’s on territoriality and Yves Lacoste and Claude Raffestin’s in political geography on asymetrical relationships and power issues
Nyirakamana, Colette. "La décentralisation au Niger : le cas de la mobilisation des ressources financières dans la ville de Niamey." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11992.
Full textDecentralization began in 2004 in Niger, aims to promote development "from below" and spreading democratic principles in local communities, in order to improve the living conditions of populations. Research available shows a considerable gap between goals and achievements of decentralization. Factors presented by researchers to explain this difference are the weak technical and financial support of the State toward local authorities, or the quasi-absence of a qualified local civil service, able to support decentralization projects. However, these arguments are insufficient to explain the difficulties encountered by decentralization actors. Thus, I argue that political parties play a key role in the decentralization process. They disseminate political influence strategies and patronage practices in local arenas. Therefore, their strategies hinder local actors’ actions, especially their ability to mobilize financial resources.
Galindo, Silva Hector. "Essays in political economy." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11428.
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