Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Partis politiques – Maroc'
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Chrifi-Alaoui, Charafa. "Rapports entre les institutions politiques et influence des forces politiques au Maroc." Paris 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA02T110.
Full textThe articles 23 of the 1970 and 1972 constitutions stipulate that : "the king is a sacred and immune person" and the article 19 specifies "king amir al mouminin. . . ". From its juridical priciples it ensues some juridical consequences : -the monarchicol institution is not a constitutional institution in the same way and on the some level as the other organs, -the sacred characteristic applies to the acts of the king. The unilateral juridical acts of the king can not be contested for an exces of pover and represent a special category of juridical acts : "the royal acts", the sacrality expresses the inconditional supremacy of a political actor over the other actors, and this is because 3 reasons (divine, historical, state). However, because the political pluralism established by the constitution through its art. 3". . These can not be a unique party". What is the influence of thes parties? contrary to the first years of independance, the influence of these parties was constantly decreasing. Why? -the incapacity to overcone the problems caused by independence, -the incapacity to express the desire of the population, -at last, the ascendancy of the official ideology which restricts the rigts of a critical thought
Kasmi, Sanae. "Le statut des partis politiques au Maroc." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010262.
Full textIn Morocco, the regulation of political parties is part of the legal framework of political life. It is deeply rooted and inherent to the question of sharing or conserving power. Therefore, codification of parties is one of the main stakes concerning the setting of the political game's rules and the definition of its actors. This codification evolved quite slowly, following the democratization process. It revealed the controlling and liberalization mechanisms used alternately by the regime according to contexts and political opponents' position, particularly groups coming from the National Movement. During the experience referred to as "alternance", drawing up parties' law is seen as the result of an uncertain system of transactions oscillating between the willing to change and the continuity of the aforesaid law. This reversible experience involved a smooth situation towards which public authorities had to deal with law 36-04. This legislation, which officially aimed at rehabilitating political parties, put the latter under State control (conditioned freedom of political parties' creation, a flexible regime of dissolution). However, the State made up this control in collusion with the majority group coalition at the Parliament which approved cartels measures protecting its components. The "Arab Spring" has opened a new chapter in the parties' codification which goes on and is intensified through the reform of the institutional architecture in 2011. This latter sketches the parliamentary government by reinforcing political parties whether it's for their role or for the guarantees that they enjoy. However, many constraints were imposed, following the will to define contour of the partisans' activities and to preserve the regime from subversion
El, Harchiche Abdellah. "Le déclin de la gauche au Maghreb : le cas du Maroc." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66333.
Full textThe Moroccan Left has faced the same fate as leftist parties and organizations of other Arab countries. It has failed to respond to the popular aspirations and transform its slogans into a revolution and conquer power. After having been the torchbearer of opposition for decades, the left-wing has gradually lost its anchorage amongst the masses and its role of fighting against despotism and oppression. Moreover, it lost its social role as a representative of the interests of the workers and proletarian class. After being a formidable political force supported by students and union organizations, the left is now fighting for its survival. It failed to resist to the regime wear and tear strategies that forced some members of the current left to abandon their principles and become collaborators of the authoritarianism. The attitude shown by some left-wing political parties during the popular upheaval of 2011 is a signal of the rupture between these left-wing parties and civil society. In addition to its marginal and limited role in the February 20th Movement which claims were close to the program and values defended by leftists, some leaders of left-wing parties manifested strong criticism and opposition to the protesters. They expressed clearly their rejection to support the movement’s demands and described theFebruary 20th Movement as suspicious. These popular uprisings like those that have marked the modern political history of Morocco, have revealed the inability of the parties and groups affiliated to the Left to appeal to popular bases. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the objective and subjective causes of the regression of the Left inMorocco.
Bouzidi, Rachida. "La Presse du parti de l'Istiqlal : (1946-1986)." Paris 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA020113.
Full textMonjib, Maâti. "L'Istiqlal, l'U. N. F. P. Et le pouvoir au Maroc 1955-1965." Montpellier 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON30016.
Full textFive years after the independance, the national movement was exhausted : party quarrels and molitants' haemorrhage weakene it. In may 1960 the king 7th, 1965 the king proclaimed the state of emergency
Oujjate, Abdeljalil. "La problématique de la démocratisation au Maroc depuis l'indépendance." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020099.
Full textSince the independence of Morocco (May 2nd, 1956), monarchy will succeed in establishing an absolute system of divine right. In concomitance, it will initiate several processes which aim, according to him, to democratize the political institutions of the Kingdom. The King Hassan II, successor and elder son of the King Mohammed V, will help with the assertion of this absolute monarchy. This consolidation will appear in the Constitution of 1962, then from the institutional practices which give the impression that everything works according to the order given by the monarchical institution or by the king/Emir of the believers. The introduction of the state of exception in 1965, after a short constitutional experiment, will plunge Morocco in a dictatorship which degrade the relationship between the State/Makhzen and the people. At the conclusion of the national consensus around the Western Sahara, the King starts a limited opening process that will not change the political balances of the country and which was largely splashed by the electoral special effects. However, several factors of internal and international order will urge the system to liberalize - and not inevitably to become more democratic - as from the years 1990. The arrival of King Mohammed VI will give a new breath to this politics of liberalization. However, no reduction in the powers of the King was carried out, until July 1st 2011 after the adoption of the new Constitution of the Kingdom
Oukssisse, Mohamed. "Anomie institutionelle et politique au Maroc : un essai d'interpretation socio-politique." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05H032.
Full textAkharbach, Latifa. "La Presse des partis politiques de gauche au Maroc de l'indépendance à nos jours." Paris 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA020057.
Full textAkharbach, Latifa. "La Presse des partis politiques de gauche au Maroc de l'indépendance à nos jours." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376111394.
Full textZade, Mohammed. "Résistance et armée de libération au Maroc (1947-1956) : de l'action politique à la lutte armée : rupture ou continuité ? : thèse." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE2049.
Full textBen, Elmostafa Okacha. "Les modes d'action et d'organisation des mouvements islamistes au Maroc (l'exemple d'Al Adl Wal Ihsan)." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0118.
Full textThis research try to show that phenomenon islamic is not recent, because different political and religious movements existed with coming of islam. What is new is their forms of action and organisation that evolved with the time and space. Indeed, the majority of islamic movements evolvy towards the integration in the political system : they want to be like party. I want to show also that the islamic phenomenon is complex, because it consist of many dimensions : existential, spiritual and religious. My text include three part : the first part talk about typology of moroccan islamic. The second part is concerning their form of organisation, their structure. In the last part, my research take an interest in the different type of action
Berrahou, Salah Eddine. "L'état d'exception au Maroc : essai sur les rapports entre le pouvoir et les partis politiques de l'opposition /." Marrakech : Université Cadi Ayyad, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40938195c.
Full textDadi, Soumaya. "La Constitution marocaine du 29 juillet 2011 : rénovation institutionnelle et promotion des libertés." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D003.
Full textIn an unprecedented scope in the Maghreb and Arab neighborhood, at a crucial moment in the evolution of the Arab-Muslim world, the comprehensive constitutional reforms announced by HM King Mohammed VI to the nation on 9 March 2011, is the culmination of a process of economic reforms, political and social begun since the late 90s. Fruit unprecedented participatory approach in the history of Morocco, the constitution adopted by referendum three years ago laid the foundations of a new phase in the process of consolidation of a Moroccan democratic model. This approach was welcomed by the entire international community, considering an important step in policy development underway in Morocco, and a significant proof of the commitment of all forces of the nation to the project company carried by the new constitution. The new constitution is based on several major foundations, which concern the separation des powers, consolidating the rule of law, expanding the scope of individual and collective freedoms, strengthening the system of human rights. It enshrines for the first time, the recognition of the Amazigh cultural component, the desire to build justice in an independent power. It also provides for strengthening the status of the Prime Minister is head of government, the establishment and entrenchment of bodies responsible for promoting human rights and good governance. Apart from these major issues, the new law is rich with several provisions affecting the foundations of Moroccan society and its insertion in the concert of modern and democratic country. It opens new perspectives, and goes beyond the aspirations expressed; it is a revolution in the political life of the country and a starting point of a new era. This work aims to show that this reform is not cyclical or due to a single factor, great burst of reform is hardly a matter of fact, now called the Arab Spring. This constitutional change that is part of the regime's stability seems to show political maturity through his choice to implement new mechanisms. It is therefore a new institutional context but essential objective to consolidate all the democratic gains that have been materialized throughout the modern history of Morocco and we propose to study. The new law confirms once again the exception of the Moroccan model and its singular character that revolves around a particularly active and dynamic political scene, drawing its strength from a constitutional monarchy, centuries old. His exception is actually a particularism, a singularity due to the nature of the monarchical regime and the specificities of the Kingdom, which make the change does not take place through the same channels and is not expressed in the same way
Ennahi, Youssef. "De l’usage de l’influence et de la manipulation comme stratégies de communication politique chez les islamistes marocains : cas de M. Abdelilah Benkirane, Chef du gouvernement marocain (2011-2017)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL103.
Full textComparable to other countries in the region, the Arab Spring resulted in Morocco with the rise of Islamists to power ; a surprising victory that some justify as the ability of the PJD (Islamist party) to ride the wave of popular demands by taking, on its own, the main complaints of protesters using strategies of political influence and manipulation. The arrival of PJD as head of the Moroccan executive revealed Mr. Benkirane, as an outstanding political figure who knew how to impose a political communication fundamentally different from those of his predecessors founded on strong use of influence and manipulation methods. Indeed, what characterizes the entry of this Islamist leader on the Moroccan political scene is the fact that he progressively diverted his communication from an Islamist opponent to adopt a communication with new orientations. The main features of this new political line are the change of position to the major doctrinal foundations of the PJD as well as a withdrawal from the commitments made during the Arab Spring and the electoral campaign of 2011 elections. The orientation of Mr. Benkirane political communication is, I believe, the manifest subtle orchestration of strategies of influence and political manipulation. This dissertation aims to highlight these strategies as they are manifested in the political communication of Mr. Benkirane
Felhi, Jamaleddine. "Les partis socialistes marocains depuis 1975." Nancy 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NAN20011.
Full textIsbihani, Larbi El. "Le parti du Rassemblement national des Indépendants au Maroc (1977-1984)." Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10012.
Full textFunded in october 1978 by the former prime minister and king's brother in law mr. Ahmed osman, composed of men close to the power, with a modern education and a wealthy citizenship background, attached to the principles of constitutionnal monarchy and supporters of the liberalism ideals, the party of national union of independants (r. N. I. ) took the major place in moroccan political life. The party obtained 2 3 of the available sits to the elections in november 1976; it obtained the absolute majority to the general elections of 1977 to the representative house. After this surprising victory, the party became the first political force of the independant morocco and broughthim to dominate the parlement to preside gouvernment and so to cooperate tightly with his majesty king hassan ii. In december 1981, the party had an ideology, a program and framing structures, but it split into two tendencies. One is called" the national democratic party" (p. N. D. ); the other, faithfull to ahmed osman became what is called for convenience "his majesty's constructive opposition". The party will assume this function till 1983. But to the general elections in 1984, "the constitutional union" (u. C. ) a party formed just before the consultation by the ex-prime minister maati bouabid, attracted more than 50% deputies and about 2 3 of the electorate. This loss did not threaten the party's existence. On the contrary, the r. N. I. Is the second political power of the country and parliament is now presided over by mr. Ahmed osman. It remains the necessary political force fore the settlement of any parliament majority and for the normal functioning of the institutions
Achraf, Moulay Ahmed. "Les fonctions sociales de l'enseignement supérieur au Maroc depuis l'indépendance." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.bibliotheque-numerique-paris8.fr/fre/ref/167932/180118773/.
Full textA coherent and organized system is closely linked to the operating of his elements. The social role of the educational institutions is to include the economic, politic and cultural parameters in their all dimensions. The purpose of the higher education is to satisfy the needs of the persons, the groups, and all the classes of the society. This conception is articulated by laws, regulation, statute, who define the operating modalities of the universities : their internal organization and external contacts, with the respect of their development and finalities. It needs also the definition of scope of the educational subjects, range and the limits of examinations. What is higher education and for what social development ? the university must be adapted to define social goal and must answer to the economic's requirement. The recruiting of the managerial staff and the individual objective aimed are the fruits of the transformations involved in the national community with processes who are in continual progression in the moroccan society. The fate of students requires from us, through a questionnaire, to determine the aspirations of them, and the causes of their frustration induced by the system of education of the independant morocco
Fassi, Ayoub el. "L'Union socialiste des forces populaires, parti d'opposition marocaine et les limites du "processus de démocratisation" : 1972-1984." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON10043.
Full textMorocco is characterized by the assets that is has at its disposal but also by the obstacles that weight heavy on its will to reach independence. Its assets come with the social conflict that developped in the 1970s and that is fed by the political claims of the middle classes. The socialist party (usfp) has expressed these expectations by promoting democratic ideas. The period that follows is distinguished by the bigger role played by the opposition parties such as the usfp. However the background of this mode towards democracy is not a close look at the political history of the usfp reveals how difficult this process is
Ferriès, Marie-Claire. "Les partisans d'Antoine : des orphelins de César aux complices de Cléopâtre /." Bordeaux ; Pessac : Paris : Ausonius ; diff. de Boccard, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb411824392.
Full textBibliogr. p. 532-549. Notes bibliogr. Index. Résumé en 4e de couv. en français et en anglais.
Fadil, Mohamed. "Un groupe religieux à l'épreuve du parti politique : sécularisation de l'islamisme au Maroc, mouvement de l'unicité et de la réforme-Parti de la justice et du développement (1996-2011)." Paris, EPHE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPHE5014.
Full textThe evolution of many Islamist organizations into political parties that actively participate in the public life of their countries would indicate that these organizations are undergoing a process of secularization motivated by a sincere conversion to democracy. Islamism's hypothetical tendency towards secularization are conversion to democracy seems reminescent of a remarkably similar experience in the Christian West, namely the theoretical and organizational evolution of political Christianity, which gave birth to what is kwown today as "Christian democracy", in response to a long series of intellectual revisions. Might moderate Islamism be secularized and converted into into democracy in a mode similar to what gave a birth to Christian Democrat parties in the West ? In this thesis, the aforementioned hypothesis is verified in a very specific context. The scope of the study is limited to examining a particular group within the Moroccan Islamist landscape - the parti de la justice et du développement (PJD), as well as its sister outfit devoted to religious predication, the Mouvement de l'unicité et de la réforme (MUR). This period under consideration ranges from the birth of the PJD in 1996 to its coming to power in 2011. The study asks very specific questions concerning the fate of the religious movement in response to the challenges of the political party. Further still, it examines the challenging relation of religion and politics in the group's actual modes of thinking and acting. Its analytical corpus is the product of fieldwork research being done during numerous trips to Morocco from 2008 to 2014
Guati, Rizlane. "La politique de change dans trois économies méditerranéennes : un essai d'évaluation des taux de change réels d'équilibre à partir d'une approche macroéconométrique : cas du Maroc, Tunisie et Egypte." Lyon, École normale supérieure lettres et sciences humaines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENSF0045.
Full textThe aims of this thesis is to estimate the equilibrium real exchange rate of three mediterranean countries : Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco. We have make use of a multinational model describing foreign exchanges with USA, Japan, Europe and the rest of the world during a period of 1980 to 2003, and as a theoretical framework we have used the FEER model (Fundamental Equilibrium Exchange Rate) in the sens of Williamson. The current account balance targets, which are based on an estimation of mean-time determinants of current account, were calculated with an econometric procedure of dynamic panel using generalized moments GMM. We show as results of this thesis, that these countries' currencies are characterized with strong misalignments that explain theirs current disequilibriums and their vulnerability to external chocks
Ferriès, Marie-Claire. ""Adjutores Antonii partium" : les partisans romains de Marc-Antoine." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30052.
Full textTHE PURPOSE OF THIS THESIS CONSIST IN A STUDY OF THE ROMAN FOLLOWERS OF MARK ANTONY ; IT IS BASED ON A PROSOPOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF 172 CITIZENS WHO SUPPORTED, FOLLOWED OR SERVED ANTONY DURING HIS POLITICAL LIFE. ANTONY'S PARTY BORN IN THE POLITICAL UPHEAVAL WHO SUCCEEDED TO THE MURDER OF CAESAR, IN MARCH 44 B. C. FIRST, FAMILY AND PARENTS, THEN, A PART OF THE CESARIAN ELITES FORMED THIS FACTION. THE DEFEAT OF MUTINA DIDN'T STOP ITS PROGRESS; ON THE CONTRARY, THE CONSTITUTION OF THE TRIUMVIRATE, AT THE END OF 43 B. C. , strengthHENENED ITS POSITION; HENCEFORWARD, ANTONY'S FRIENDS TOOK PART IN THE GOVERNEMENT OT THE STATE. AT THIS TIME, THE COMPOSITION OF THE PARTY SEEMED TO BE HOMOGENEOUS : ITS ELITES CAME FROM THE CESARIAN RANKS; THE CESARIAN LEADERS DURING THE CIVIL WARS JOINED ANTONY RATHER THAN HIS TWO COLLEAGUES. WE CAN NOTE, ALSO A GREAT NUMBER OF EX-CLODIANS. AFTER THE BATTLE OF PHILIPPI, THE COMPOSITION CHANGED : THE DEFEATED REPUBLICANS RALLIED ANTONY, THEN, AFTER NAULOCAE, THE POMPEIANS WERE WON OVER HIM. BEFORE THE PARTHIAN CAMPAIGN, THE TRIUMVIR WAS AT THE HEAD OF A GREAT AND PRESTIGIOUS PARTY WHERE DOMINATED THE NOBILES AND THE IMPERATORES, WHO PROVED THEIR VALUE IN THE ORIENTAL WARS. BUT, FROM 36B. C. , AND PARTICULARLY FROM THE CRISIS OF 32 B. C. , THE MILITARY SETBACKS AND THE OCTAVIAN'S PROPAGANDA HAD SPOILT THE UNITY OF A PARTY WHO BECAME MORE AND MORE HETEROGENEOUS. AFTER ACTIUM, THE FATE OF THE FOLLOWERS VARIED GREATLY. THE MAJOR PART OF THE LEADERS WAS PARDONED AND THEY BECAME THE SUPPORTERS OF THE PRINCIPATE. BUT, SOME OF THE PARTISANS, IN A GREATER PROPORTION THAN THE IMPERIAL HISTORIOGRAPHY ACKNOWLEDGED, DIED WITH ANTONY, IN 30B. C
Candido-Custodio, Juliana. "La relation supérieure comme une capacité dynamique dans des restaurants de petite et de moyenne tailles au Brésil, en France et au Maroc : une analyse à partir des processus d'apprentissage et contrôle de risques stratégiques." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090031.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to analyze the forms in which the presence of a strategic risk control implementation process of collaborative relationships between small business and its stakeholders, influence its performance and learning, and can characterize the "Relation Superior". The research is based on small-and medium-sized sector catering, established in Brazil, France and Morocco. Research is a multiple case study, which has the information's analysis according to the contextual approach, using the technique of discourse analysis and mapping risks. The results indicate that the Relationship Superior how the dynamic capacity of the company, which adds uniqueness, competitive differentials and the durability to relational strategy, because this strategy is created from control mechanisms strategic risks and organizational learning, which strengthens the existing collaboration processes, thereby increasing engagement between the company and its public and obtaining greater profit to compete
O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as formas pelas quais a presença de um controle estratégico de riscos, observados na implementação de processos colaborativos entre as pequenas empresas e seus stakeholders, influencia o desempenho e a aprendizagem organizacional, caracterizando o "Relacionamento Superior". Esta pesquisa está fundamentada em um estudo de caso múltiplo de empresas de pequeno e médio portes, do setor de restaurantes, estabelecidas no Brasil, na França e no Marrocos. A análise de informações é realizada de acordo com a abordagem contextual e uso das técnicas de análise proposital do discurso e da cartografia de riscos. Os resultados indicam que a Relação Superior é uma capacidade dinâmica da empresa, que agrega singularidade, diferenciais competitivos e durabilidade aos processos colaborativos estabelecidos entre a empresa e seus públicos, pois é criada a partir de mecanismos de controle de riscos estratégicos e da aprendizagem organizacional. Estes fatores diretivos reforçam as interações já existentes, aumentando o compromisso entre as partes e obtendo, como consequência, o aumento da competitividade da organização
Mokhtari, Sanaa. "La répartition spatiale des partis politiques marocains selon deux axes." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2188/1/M10910.pdf.
Full textHosni, Meryem. "L’alternative de la participation politique chez le mouvement islamique de l’unicité et de la réforme au Maroc." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18721.
Full textThis study addresses one of the most important issues facing Islamic movements, among others, engagement and political participation. It investigates the nature and references of these movements, particularly the Movement of Unification and Reform (MUR) and also analysis, adopting a neutral and objective approach, combining the theoretical framework with that of practice, their results as socio-political movements aiming to provide social and political change in Muslim communities. The experience of political participation of Moroccan Islamists across the Movement of Unification and Reform (active politically under the cover of the Justice and Development Party [PJD]) represents a typical model that deserves careful research and study. Indeed, Morocco is among the first countries to allow moderate Islamist movement, to officialy enter the political field and to activate in legally. Also, Islamists in Morocco have stood out in the political scene and overcame cuts theses based on a radical opposition to the governing regimes. Given the importance of the presence and weight currently enjoyed by Islamic movements, it is now clear to many observers and experts that we cannot talk about the political and social future in the countries of the Islamic world without mentioning or taking into account the important role of these movements. Most studies undertaken in the area were concerned with fundamental and theoretical aspects of Islamic movements; however, this study emerges from the batch by its focus on Islamic organizations and their political participation by taking MUR as a case study. It addresses the definitional and cognitive problem related to the notion of Islamic movements. Then explains the rapid spread of these movements in the Islamic world, and identifies the driving ideologies of their action to understand their concepts and attitudes toward authority and society.
Fadil, Mohamed. "Un groupe religieux à l’épreuve du parti politique Sécularisation de l’islamisme au Maroc : mouvement de l’unicité et de la réforme-Parti de la justice et du développement (1996-2011)." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11437.
Full textÀ travers le monde islamique, une famille de partis politiques que l’on appelle à tort ou à raison « les partis islamistes modérés » enregistre des résultats électoraux exceptionnels chaque fois qu’un de ses membres participe à un scrutin qui comporte un minimum de transparence, notamment en Turquie, au Maroc et en Palestine. Les premières participations des islamistes aux élections des pays du Printemps arabe confirment davantage cette règle, comme l’illustrent les cas de l’Égypte et de la Tunisie. Sur le plan académique, ce contexte laisse émerger une importante hypothèse. L’évolution de bon nombre d’organisations islamistes en partis politiques qui participent activement à la vie publique de leurs pays serait l’indice d’une sécularisation de ces organisations, animée par une sincère conversion à la démocratie. Cette hypothétique tendance à la sécularisation et la conversion à la démocratie de l’islamisme ferait penser à une expérience remarquablement similaire, que l’on trouve dans le monde chrétien occidental, soit, l’évolution théorique et organisationnelle du christianisme politique qui a donné naissance, en réponse à un long parcours de révisions intellectuelles, à ce que l’on appelle aujourd’hui « la démocratie chrétienne ». L’islamisme modéré serait-il en train d’évoluer vers une sécularisation et une conversion à la démocratie selon un mode similaire à celui qui a donné naissance aux partis démocrates-chrétiens en Occident? Il est question dans cette thèse, préparée en cotutelle entre l’Université de Montréal au Canada et l’École Pratique des hautes études Paris-Sorbonne en France, de vérifier l’hypothèse susmentionnée dans un contexte bien précis. Notre recherche se limite ainsi à l’étude d’un groupe déterminé du paysage islamiste du Maroc (Parti de la justice et du développement [PJD] et son mouvement de prédication religieuse Mouvement de l’unicité et de la réforme [MUR]). Cette recherche s’étend de 1996, date de naissance du PJD à 2011, date de son accession au pouvoir au Maroc. Par ailleurs, la reconstitution et l’analyse sociohistorique proposées dans cette recherche remontent en 1969, date de naissance du Mouvement de la jeunesse islamique qui incarne la matrice du groupe à l’étude. La recherche pose des questions bien précises portant très particulièrement sur le devenir du groupe religieux à l’épreuve du parti politique et, par-delà, celle du devenir du religieux à l’épreuve du politique au sein des modes de penser et d’agir de ce groupe. Pour ce faire, notre recherche adopte un cadre interdisciplinaire conjuguant des approches émanant de la sociologie politique et religieuse et d’autres sciences sociales comme l’histoire et les sciences politiques. Son corpus d’analyse est le fruit d’un travail de terrain effectué lors de plusieurs séjours de recherche effectués au Maroc entre 2008 et 2014. Séjours qui nous ont permis de reconstituer la trame des évènements, d’amasser la documentation nécessaire au sein du PJD/MUR, de rencontrer et de mener des entretiens avec des leaders et des idéologues les plus influents de son parcours idéologique et organisationnel.
Throughout the Islamic world, a political family composed of what are rightly or wrongly named “moderate Islamist parties” obtains exceptional results whenever one of its members participates in an election that is minimally transparent (for instance in Turkey, Morocco, Palestine and Egypt). This rule is confirmed by the initial involvements of Islamists in the Arab Spring (in Egypt and Tunisia for example). Academically, in this context an important hypothesis emerges according to which the evolution of many Islamist organizations into political parties that actively participate in the public life of their countries would indicate that these organizations are undergoing a process of secularization motivated by a sincere conversion to democracy. Islamism’s hypothetical tendency towards secularization and conversion to democracy seems reminiscent of a remarkably similar experience in the Christian West, namely the theoretical and organizational evolution of political Christianity, which gave birth to what is known today as “Christian democracy”, in response to a long series of intellectual revisions. Might moderate Islamism be secularized and converted into democracy in a mode similar to that which gave birth to Christian Democrat parties in the West? In this thesis, prepared under joint supervision between the University of Montreal in Canada and the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes Paris-Sorbonne in France, the aforementioned hypothesis is verified in a very specific context. The scope of the study is limited to examining a particular group within the Moroccan Islamist landscape—the Parti de la justice et du développement (PJD), as well as its sister outfit devoted to religious predication, the Mouvement de l’unicité et de la réforme (MUR). This period under consideration ranges from the birth of the PJD in 1996 to its coming to power in 2011. Moreover, the reconstitution and the socio-historical analysis proposed in this study begin in 1969 with the birth of the Mouvement de la jeunesse islamique, from which the group being examined evolved. The study asks very specific questions concerning the fate of the religious movement in response to the challenges of the political party. Further still, it examines the challenging relation of religion and politics in the group’s actual modes of thinking and acting. With this purpose in mind, the study adopts an interdisciplinary framework combining approaches that stem from political and religious sociology as well as other social sciences, such as history and political science. Its analytical corpus is the product of fieldwork research being done during numerous trips to Morocco from 2008 to 2014. These trips made it possible to reconstitute a timeline of events and to gather necessary documentation from the PJD/MUR. It also provided the opportunity to meet and interview leaders and ideologues that are most influential in the ideological and organizational evolution of the movement.
على امتداد العالم الإسلامي، ما فتئت هذه العائلة من الأحزاب التي ندعوها عن خطئ أو عن صواب بالأحزاب الإسلامية المعتدلة تحقق، فيما يشبه القاعدة، نتائج مميزة متى ما شارك أحد ممثليها في انتخابات تضمن الحد الأدنى من النزاهة و الشفافية (حالة تركيا، المغرب، الأردن، فلسطين، مصر…). هذه القاعدة ستؤكدها المشاركات الانتخابية الأولى لإسلاميي بلدان الربيع العربي (حالتا تونس و مصر). على المستوى الأكاديمي سيسمح سياق اكتساح الأحزاب الإسلامية للانتخابات البرلمانية في بلدان العالم الإسلامي بانبثاق فرضية مهمة يتجلى مضمونها في كون إعادة انتظام عدد كبير من التنظيمات الإسلامية في أحزاب سياسية تشارك بفاعلية كبيرة في العملية السياسية ببلدانها ربما يشكل مؤشرا على خضوع هذه التنظيمات لعملية دهرنة (sécularisation) معززة باعتناق حقيقي للديمقراطية. فرضية دهرنة الحركة الإسلامية و اعتناقها للديمقراطية هذه تدعو لاستحضار تجربة مماثلة على نحو كبير لولا أن أطوارها جرت بالعالم المسيحي الغربي. يتعلق الأمر بالتطور النظري و التنظيمي لعدد من تيارات المسيحية السياسية، تطور سمح بعد مسار طويل من المراجعات الفكرية بتشكل ما نسميه اليوم بتيار الديمقراطية المسيحية بالغرب. هل تكون إذن أحزاب الحركة الإسلامية المعتدلة بصدد تكرار نفس المسار الدي سمح بتشكل الأحزاب الديمقراطية المسيحية بالغرب، لكن بدار الإسلام هذه المرة؟ تسعى هذه الاطروحة المعدة وفق برنامج مشترك (cotutelle) بين جامعة مونتريال بكندا و المدرسة التطبيقية للدراسات العليا باريس-السوربون بفرنسا إلى اختبار الفرضية المذكورة في سياق محدد للغاية إذ تكتفي بدراسة تنظيم إسلامي محدد من ضمن المجال الواسع للحركة الإسلامية بالمغرب (حزب العدالة و التنمية و حركته الدعوية و الدينية حركة التوحيد و الإصلاح) في فترة محددة تتراوح ما بين لحظة ميلاد الحزب سنة 1996 و لحظة وصوله للمسؤولية الحكومية سنة 2011 وفق عمق تاريخي يمتد لسنة 1969 التي تشكل لحظة ميلاد حركة الشبيبة الإسلامية باعتبارها الحركة الأم للتنظيم المدروس. في إطار هذه الدراسة، تثير الأطروحة أسئلة محددة تتعلق بمستقبل الحركة الدينية أمام اختبار الحزب السياسي و بالتالي بمستقبل الديني في مواجهة اكتساح السياسي على مستوى خطاب و ممارسة الحزب و الحركة. لتحقيق هذا الهدف تتبنى هذه الدراسة إطارا بين-مناهجيا (interdisciplinaire) يدمج مقاربات تنتمي لعلم الاجتماع الديني و السياسي بالإضافة لعلوم اجتماعية أخرى كالتاريخ و العلوم السياسية. يتشكل المتن البحثي لهذه الأطروحة من نتائج دراسات ميدانية قمنا بإنجازها بين سنتي 2008 و 2012 بالمغرب. من خلال هذه الدراسات الميدانية، قمنا بإعادة تجميع و تركيب تاريخ و أدبيات التنظيم المدروس و لقاء و محاورة القادة و المنظرين الأكثر تأثيرا في مساره النظري و التنظيمي. كلمات مفاتيح: إسلام، حركات إسلامية، إسلام سياسي، ما بعد الإسلام السياسي، ديمقراطية مسيحية، دهرنة، مغرب، شبيبة إسلامية، توحيد و إصلاح، عدالة و تنمية، ملكية، دولة إسلامية، ديمقراطية.
Fadil, Mohamed. "Transformation doctrinale de l'islamisme et émergence du Parti de la Justice et du Développement (PJD) au Maroc : vers un État islamique civique." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7768.
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