Academic literature on the topic 'Partner familiarity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Partner familiarity"
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Porter, Richard, Pierre Orgeur, Richard Bon, and Lara Désiré. "THE ROLE OF FAMILIARITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL RECOGNITION BY LAMBS." Behaviour 138, no. 2 (2001): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685390151074384.
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AbstractA series of experiments investigated the role of association and familiarity in the development of social recognition among lambs. In each experiment, lambs were tested successively with 2 different social partners. When separated from their mothers, lambs that were paired with a partner with which they had been housed for 17 or 5 days emitted fewer distress bleats than they did during tests with an unfamiliar lamb. However, this effect was only evident when the test with the unfamiliar partner preceded the test with the familiar partner. When lambs were first tested with an unfamiliar partner treated with the same artificial odorant that had previously been associated with members of their own group, they bleated more than they did during a second test with a partner whose odor was novel. This effect was not observed when the familiar- and novel-odor partners were encountered in the reverse order. Bleating frequencies by lambs paired with their twin did not differ reliably from those of lambs paired with a familiar non-twin. Nonetheless, there was a signficant correlation between the number of bleats by twins that were tested together. Overall, the results indicate that lambs become familiar with and recognize individuals (twins and non-twins) as a result of direct association. Lambs also discriminate between novel scents and artificial odorants associated with their familiar agemates, but such odors neither mask nor substitute effectively for lambs' individually recognizable phenotypes. Bleating frequency increases with the novelty of the social partner and of the test situation, and is therefore markedly affected by repeated testing.
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Daniel Patterson, P., Robert M. Arnold, Kaleab Abebe, Judith R. Lave, David Krackhardt, Matthew Carr, Matthew D. Weaver, and Donald M. Yealy. "Variation in Emergency Medical Technician Partner Familiarity." Health Services Research 46, no. 4 (February 9, 2011): 1319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6773.2011.01241.x.
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Vermeer, Thomas E., Dasaratha V. Rama, and K. Raghunandan. "Partner Familiarity and Audit Fees: Evidence from Former Andersen Clients." AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 27, no. 2 (November 1, 2008): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/aud.2008.27.2.217.
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SUMMARY: In this study we examine the audit fees for two types of former Andersen clients: those that followed their former Andersen partner to a new audit firm and those that did not. Using data from Public Accounting Report on the acquisition of Andersen offices, we find that about half of the Andersen clients in our sample followed the former partner to a new audit firm and that the “follower” clients paid, on average, about 16 percent lower audit fees than other clients. The results thus provide empirical evidence about the impact of partner-client familiarity on audit fees. The findings also suggest that studies examining former Andersen clients may need to distinguish between the “follower” clients and other clients.
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Raihani, N. J., A. S. Grutter, and R. Bshary. "Female cleaner fish cooperate more with unfamiliar males." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1737 (February 22, 2012): 2479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.0063.
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Joint group membership is of major importance for cooperation in humans, and close ties or familiarity with a partner are also thought to promote cooperation in other animals. Here, we present the opposite pattern: female cleaner fish, Labroides dimidiatus, behave more cooperatively (by feeding more against their preference) when paired with an unfamiliar male rather than with their social partner. We propose that cooperation based on asymmetric punishment causes this reversed pattern. Males are larger than and dominant to female partners and are more aggressive to unfamiliar than to familiar female partners. In response, females behave more cooperatively with unfamiliar male partners. Our data suggest that in asymmetric interactions, weaker players might behave more cooperatively with out-group members than with in-group members to avoid harsher punishment.
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Soares, Marta C., Teresa P. Santos, and João P. M. Messias. "Dopamine disruption increases cleanerfish cooperative investment in novel client partners." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 5 (May 2017): 160609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160609.
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Social familiarization is a process of gaining knowledge that results from direct or indirect participation in social events. Cooperative exchanges are thought to be conditional upon familiarity with others. Indeed, individuals seem to prefer to engage with those that have previously interacted with them, which are more accurate predictors of reward than novel partners. On the other hand, highly social animals do seek novelty. Truth is that the physiological bases underlying how familiarity and novelty may affect cooperative decision-making are still rather obscure. Here, we provide the first experimental evidence that the level of the dopaminergic influence in cooperative exchanges is constrained to mechanisms of social familiarization and novelty in a cleanerfish, Labroides dimidiatus . Cleaners were tested against familiar and novel Ctenochaetus striatus surgeonfish (a common client species) in laboratorial conditions, and were found to spend more time providing physical contact (also referred to as tactile stimulation) to familiar fish clients. Cleaners use tactile stimulation as a way to reduce the risk of a non-rewarding outcome, a behavioural response that is even more pronounced when blocking dopamine (DA) D1 receptors. We discovered that the influence of DA disruption on cleaners' provision of physical contact was dependent on the level of familiarity with its partner, being highly exacerbated whenever the client is novel, and unnoticed when dealing with a familiar one. Our findings demonstrate that DA mediation influences the valuation of partner stimuli and the enhancing investment in novel partners, mechanisms that are similar to other vertebrates, including humans.
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Margrett, Jennifer A., and Michael Marsiske. "Gender differences in older adults’ everyday cognitive collaboration." International Journal of Behavioral Development 26, no. 1 (January 2002): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250143000319.
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Collaborative cognition research has demonstrated that social partners can positively impact individuals’ thinking and problem-solving performance. Research in adulthood and aging has been less clear about dyadic effects, such as partner gender, on collaborative cognition. The current study examined the objective and subjective experiences of older men and women’s collaboration on three everyday problems. Tasks included comprehension of everyday printed materials, a social dilemma task, and an errand-planning task. A sample of 98 older married couples ( N = 196) worked both collaboratively and individually with either their spouse ( N = 52 dyads) or a stranger of the other gender ( N = 46 dyads). Analyses conducted using the actor-partner methodology (e.g., Gonzalez & Griffin, 1997; Kenny, 1996) suggest that men tended to be more influential during dyadic problem solving, particularly on more ambiguous tasks. Subjective appraisals of collaboration also varied between male and female partners, with familiarity of partner playing a large role in expectations of collaboration. Most notably, women assigned to work with an unfamiliar male partner tended to rate their satisfaction with collaborative teamwork less positively. Both self and partner-rated subjective appraisals, particularly expectations of competitiveness, were predictive of collaborative performance.
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Tan, Cedric K. W., Hanne Løvlie, Elisabeth Greenway, Stephen F. Goodwin, Tommaso Pizzari, and Stuart Wigby. "Sex-specific responses to sexual familiarity, and the role of olfaction in Drosophila." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1771 (November 22, 2013): 20131691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1691.
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Studies of mating preferences have largely neglected the potential effects of individuals encountering their previous mates (‘directly sexually familiar’), or new mates that share similarities to previous mates, e.g. from the same family and/or environment (‘phenotypically sexually familiar’). Here, we show that male and female Drosophila melanogaster respond to the direct and phenotypic sexual familiarity of potential mates in fundamentally different ways. We exposed a single focal male or female to two potential partners. In the first experiment, one potential partner was novel (not previously encountered) and one was directly familiar (their previous mate); in the second experiment, one potential partner was novel (unrelated, and from a different environment from the previous mate) and one was phenotypically familiar (from the same family and rearing environment as the previous mate). We found that males preferentially courted novel females over directly or phenotypically familiar females. By contrast, females displayed a weak preference for directly and phenotypically familiar males over novel males. Sex-specific responses to the familiarity of potential mates were significantly weaker or absent in Orco 1 mutants, which lack a co-receptor essential for olfaction, indicating a role for olfactory cues in mate choice over novelty. Collectively, our results show that direct and phenotypic sexual familiarity is detected through olfactory cues and play an important role in sex-specific sexual behaviour.
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Masuda, Akira, and Shuji Aou. "Effect of partner familiarity on social modulation of avoidance behavior." Neuroscience Research 68 (January 2010): e411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.1822.
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Ricankova, V., R. Sumbera, and F. Sedlacek. "Familiarity and partner preferences in female common voles, Microtus arvalis." Journal of Ethology 25, no. 1 (May 24, 2006): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10164-006-0211-9.
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Werebe, Maria Jose Garcia, and Pierre-Marie Baudonniere. "Social Pretend Play Among Friends and Familiar Preschoolers." International Journal of Behavioral Development 14, no. 4 (December 1991): 411–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549101400404.
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The aim of the present study is to assess the role of partner familiarity in the organisation, duration, and content of spontaneous social pretend play in a triadic situation where two friends are in the presence of a third familiar child. Children were observed in a familiar room of their school, provided with two sets of matching objects. The sample comprised 120 children (60 girls and 60 boys) aged 3;0 to 5;0 years, forming 40 same-sex triads (20 female and 20 male). Each triad of classmates was made up of a dyad of friends, plus a familiar partner (not a friend). The findings showed that friends prefer each other as a partner in fantasy play: Play between friends is longer and richer than play with the third partner. The most important sexrelated differences involve the amount of time spent in pretend play. Girls spent nearly twice as much time in fantasy as boys. The use of two sets of identical objects for three children, without adult presence, constituted a powerful paradigm to evidence the effect of the degree of familiarity in children's interaction in general, and in pretend play in particular.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Partner familiarity"
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Anderson, Michelle. "Target Practice: Exploring Student TL/L1 Use in Paired Interactions." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6296.
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Teachers of foreign languages typically encourage their students to speak in the target language (TL) often, but due to various factors, this is not always achieved. Some reasons might include insufficient vocabulary, lack of topic knowledge, embarrassment, or simple unwillingness. Much of the existing research observes uses of the TL or native language (L1). The purpose of this study was to examine how often students use the TL in paired interactions and whether that amount has any relationship to the students' oral proficiency at the end of the course. In a SPAN 105 course at Brigham Young University, 27 students participated in this project by recording themselves during six in-class, paired interactions, after which they provided comments via questionnaires. This study was conducted using a mixed-methods approach, with both quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data revealed information about the time spent in the TL, as well as the time spent in the L1, and what relationship these variables had with listening comprehension and oral proficiency. The qualitative data exposed emergent findings related to TL/L1 use: helpful tools, effects of task type, pitfalls the students experienced, struggles and benefits of partnering, effects of recording, and student perceptions about the L1. The results of the study indicate a need for teacher strategies to encourage TL use in the classroom.
Book chapters on the topic "Partner familiarity"
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Schenck, Carlos H., and Mark W. Mahowald. "Parasomnias." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 943–50. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0120.
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Parasomnias are defined as undesirable physical and/or experiential phenomena accompanying sleep that involve skeletal muscle activity (movements, behaviours), autonomic nervous system changes, and/or emotional-perceptual events. Parasomnias can emerge during entry into sleep, within sleep, or during arousals from any stage of sleep; therefore, all of sleep carries a vulnerability for parasomnias. Parasomnias can be objectively diagnosed by means of polysomnography (i.e. the physiologic monitoring of sleep—figures 4.14.4.1, 4.14.4.2), and can be successfully treated in the majority of cases. Understanding of the parasomnias, based on polysomnographic documentation, has expanded greatly over the past two decades, as new disorders have been identified, and as known disorders have been recognized to occur more frequently, across a broader age group, and with more serious consequences than previously understood. Parasomnias demonstrate how our instinctual behaviours, such as locomotion, feeding, sex, and aggression, can be released during sleep, itself a basic instinct. There are at least eight reasons why parasomnias should be of interest and importance to psychiatrists: 1 Parasomnias can be misdiagnosed and inappropriately treated as a psychiatric disorder. 2 Parasomnias can be a direct manifestation of a psychiatric disorder, e.g. dissociative disorder, nocturnal bulimia nervosa. 3 The emergence and/or recurrence of a parasomnia can be triggered by stress. 4 Psychotropic medications can induce the initial emergence of a parasomnia, or aggravate a preexisting parasomnia. 5 Parasomnias can cause psychological distress or can induce or reactivate a psychiatric disorder in the patient or bed partner on account of repeated loss of self-control during sleep and sleep-related injuries. 6 Familiarity with the parasomnias will allow psychiatrists to be more fully aware of the various medical and neuro-logical disorders, and their therapies, that can be associated with disturbed (sleep-related) behaviour and disturbed dreaming. 7 Parasomnias present a special opportunity for interlinking animal basic science research (including parasomnia animal models) with human (sleep) behavioural disorders. 8 Parasomnias carry forensic implications, as exemplified by the newly-recognized entity of ‘Parasomnia Pseudo-suicide.’ Also, psychiatrists are often asked to render an expert opinion in medicolegal cases pertaining to sleep-related violence.
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Kreis, Reinhild. "Trust through Familiarity: Transatlantic Relations and Public Diplomacy in the 1980s." In Trust, but Verify. Stanford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9780804798099.003.0011.
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This chapter investigates public diplomacy as an attempt to (re)build trust within the Western alliance during the late 1970s and 1980s. Public diplomacy was supposed to help prevent the alleged “drifting apart” of Western Europe and the United States, and to overcome suspicion of and mistrust in the partners' intentions and capabilities, both of which had been shaken during the 1970s and seemed to threaten the cohesion of the Atlantic alliance. Taking West German–American relations as an example, the chapter shows how increased public diplomacy efforts aimed at creating familiarity as a precondition of trust, trying to build on a societal level what is known from interpersonal contacts: trust through familiarity, generated via interaction and shared experiences.
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Bryant, Jeffrey L., Daniel M. Sosin, Tim W. Wiedrich, and Stephen C. Redd. "Emergency Operations Centers and Incident Management Structure." In The CDC Field Epidemiology Manual, 307–18. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190933692.003.0016.
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Domestically and internationally, Emergency Operation Centers and Incident Management Systems provide a structure and framework to coordinate preparedness and response activities. This chapter provides a US perspective on emergency response systems, but the concepts have been successfully implemented in other countries. Public health responses are often complex, requiring adaptive leadership and flexible systems to be effective as information is received, analyzed, and shared with response partners and affected populations. Familiarity with the emergency management principles underlying these frameworks can help rapidly integrate field epidemiology expertise into response operations. Emergency Operations Centers typically become activated when an entity (local, regional, district, prefecture, state) responsible for maintaining routine public health and medical systems becomes overwhelmed in a crisis. Preparedness activities, such as preestablished organizational structures, protocols and policies, mutual aid and resource-sharing agreements, trained staff, and mechanisms to procure necessary capabilities can bring resources together for a rapid and effective response.
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Van Gorp, Koen, Luca Giupponi, Emily Heidrich Uebel, Ahmet Dursun, and Nicholas Swinehart. "Defining teachers’ readiness for online language teaching: toward a unified framework." In CALL and complexity – short papers from EUROCALL 2019, 373–78. Research-publishing.net, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2019.38.1039.
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As part of a larger effort to support Less Commonly Taught Languages (LCTL) instruction in the United States, the LCTL Partnership at Michigan State University (MSU) and the LCTL Collaborative Partners initiative at the University of Chicago (UC) are supporting online LCTL courses to be offered to students across multiple institutions. As the initiatives were underway, it became clear that LCTL teachers’ familiarity with online teaching ranged widely. This is not surprising, especially considering that many LCTL teachers have never participated in any kind of online learning experience – let alone taught online. This paper reports on the first phase of a collaborative project that aims to identify and define key competencies for Online Language Teaching (OLT) and conceptualize a set of OLT readiness can-do statements. In a next phase, this framework will be used to build an assessment that gauges teachers’ readiness to teach language courses online and provide these teachers with formative feedback.
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Martin F, Gusy, and Hosking James M. "Part I Commentary on the ICDR International Rules, 4 Article 4—Administrative Conference." In A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198729020.003.0005.
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This chapter assesses Article 4 of the 2014 ICDR Rules. Article 4 incorporates a long-standing ICDR practice by which the ICDR conducts an administrative conference before the arbitral tribunal is constituted to facilitate party discussion and agreement on issues such as arbitrator selection, mediating the dispute, process efficiencies, and any other administrative matters. No other major international arbitration rules contain a similar provision. The administrative conference affords the parties an opportunity to air their objectives for management of the case and, if possible, to reach arguments on administrative issues. Depending on the complexity of the case, and the familiarity of both sides with the factual and legal issues, the administrative conference may also permit an opportunity to arrive at stipulations of uncontested facts, identify potential witnesses, provide for advance exchange of information, and consider the possibility of utilizing a documents-only process.
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Unowsky, Daniel. "Rioters, Jews, and the State." In The Plunder, 73–114. Stanford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9780804799829.003.0004.
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Chapter three centers on the participants themselves. Who led the riots and why? What motivated people to join the action? The dissemination of outlandish rumors played a pivotal role in the formation of communities of anti-Jewish action during and after the violence, as did the constant efforts at mobilization by new political parties. What were the confrontations between Jews and Christians like? Many of the rioters and Jews knew each other. How did this familiarity affect events? What defensive actions did Jewish individuals, families, small communities, and organizations take? This chapter considers the roles played by various arms of the state, from local administrators and gendarmes to the Galician governor, military commanders and troops, and the ministries in Vienna as they sought to restore order. The final section of the chapter briefly considers the relative lack of participation in the riots on the part of the Ruthenian/Ukrainian population.
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Simmons, Scott W. "Administrators." In Handbook of Communication in Anaesthesia & Critical Care. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199577286.003.0028.
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In our modern healthcare systems, clinicians find themselves dealing face-to-face with administrators at many different levels. Unfortunately, there often appears to be a major disconnect between the two parties, and priorities may appear to be vastly different. For the busy clinical anaesthetist who encounters this in passing, there may be transient frustration and confusion before simply getting on with the job. For the anaesthetist with a designated management role, the problem doesn’t go away that easily. Both, however, will benefit from some deeper insight into the nature of these interactions to help everyone to better achieve their goals. The ‘LAURS’ concept as presented in Chapter 2 emphasizes the generic attributes of the approach to a meaningful interaction. Of particular interest in attempting to apply this framework to our dealings with administrators is the recognition that the management ‘world’ is exactly that — a seemingly different place that abounds with its own distinctive language, practical tools, and approaches to problem solving with which most clinicians have little familiarity. There may indeed be a sense of entering a different domain, much like the person entering the healthcare system as a patient. Hence in this chapter there is a deliberate intent to present some of these practical tools and perspectives to help better understand this other world and the people who abide there and relate it to these general principles. The results may be surprising. Dr Celia Roberts has recently been appointed Director of the Anaesthesia Service of a large public teaching hospital. Being an expert in her field she had conducted research, written several papers and been responsible for the teaching of specialist trainees. There is little in her chosen area of expertise that she doesn’t know how to deal with. In her day-to-day work she needs to think on her feet, work independently and be accountable for her individual actions. Where appropriate, she assumes a leadership role, giving clear and concise instructions to the team around her. Celia approaches her work with a high commitment to one-to-one interaction between herself as a skilled exponent of a specialised craft—clinical anaesthesia—and the patients who are seeking her help.
Conference papers on the topic "Partner familiarity"
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Wood, Amy E., and Christopher A. Mattson. "An Experiment in Engineering Ethnography in the Developing World." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60177.
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Designers have recently borrowed a tool called ethnography from social scientists to develop empathy and understanding for a user group before designing a product. This tool is particularly important for designers from the developed world working on products for customers in developing communities as differences in culture, language, and life experience make the designer’s intuition less reliable in the context of product use. This paper reports the use of engineering ethnography under a variety of conditions in the developing world. The authors worked in three different communities with varying degrees of language familiarity, cultural familiarity, and partners within the community in an effort to understand how each of those factors affects the process of conducting an ethnographic study. The results will help other engineers choose the most appropriate ethnographic activities for their particular project and situation.
Reports on the topic "Partner familiarity"
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Bridges, Todd, Jeffrey King, Johnathan Simm, Michael Beck, Georganna Collins, Quirijn Lodder, and Ram Mohan. International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41946.
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To deliver infrastructure that sustain our communities, economy, and environment, we must innovate, modernize, and even revolutionize our approach to infrastructure development. Change takes courage, but as one starts down the path of innovation, what was once novel becomes more familiar, more established. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is walking this path with our partners through the Engineering With Nature (EWN) Initiative, integrating human engineering with natural systems. The International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management are the next step toward revolutionary infrastructure development—a set of real-world guidelines to help familiarize us with what was once novel. USACE and collaborators around the world have been building, learning, and documenting the best practices for constructing Natural and Nature-Based Features (NNBF) for decades. The consolidation of these lessons into a single guidance document gives decision-makers and practitioners a much-needed resource to pursue, consider, and apply NNBF for flood risk management while expanding value through infrastructure. Relationships and partnerships are vital ingredients for innovation and progress. The NNBF Guidelines was achieved because of the strong relationships in the nature-based engineering community. The magnitude and diversity of contributors to the NNBF Guidelines have resulted in a robust resource that provides value beyond a single agency, sector, or nation. Similarly, the work of incorporating NNBF into projects will require us to strengthen our relationships across organizations, mandates, and missions to achieve resilient communities. I hope you are inspired by the collaborative achievement of the NNBF Guidelines and will draw from this resource to develop innovative solutions to current and future flood risk management challenges. There is a lot we can achieve together along the path of revolutionary infrastructure development.