Journal articles: 'Partner familiarity'

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Porter, Richard, Pierre Orgeur, Richard Bon, and Lara Désiré. "THE ROLE OF FAMILIARITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL RECOGNITION BY LAMBS." Behaviour 138, no. 2 (2001): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685390151074384.

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AbstractA series of experiments investigated the role of association and familiarity in the development of social recognition among lambs. In each experiment, lambs were tested successively with 2 different social partners. When separated from their mothers, lambs that were paired with a partner with which they had been housed for 17 or 5 days emitted fewer distress bleats than they did during tests with an unfamiliar lamb. However, this effect was only evident when the test with the unfamiliar partner preceded the test with the familiar partner. When lambs were first tested with an unfamiliar partner treated with the same artificial odorant that had previously been associated with members of their own group, they bleated more than they did during a second test with a partner whose odor was novel. This effect was not observed when the familiar- and novel-odor partners were encountered in the reverse order. Bleating frequencies by lambs paired with their twin did not differ reliably from those of lambs paired with a familiar non-twin. Nonetheless, there was a signficant correlation between the number of bleats by twins that were tested together. Overall, the results indicate that lambs become familiar with and recognize individuals (twins and non-twins) as a result of direct association. Lambs also discriminate between novel scents and artificial odorants associated with their familiar agemates, but such odors neither mask nor substitute effectively for lambs' individually recognizable phenotypes. Bleating frequency increases with the novelty of the social partner and of the test situation, and is therefore markedly affected by repeated testing.

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Daniel Patterson, P., Robert M. Arnold, Kaleab Abebe, Judith R. Lave, David Krackhardt, Matthew Carr, Matthew D. Weaver, and Donald M. Yealy. "Variation in Emergency Medical Technician Partner Familiarity." Health Services Research 46, no. 4 (February 9, 2011): 1319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6773.2011.01241.x.

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Vermeer, Thomas E., Dasaratha V. Rama, and K. Raghunandan. "Partner Familiarity and Audit Fees: Evidence from Former Andersen Clients." AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 27, no. 2 (November 1, 2008): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/aud.2008.27.2.217.

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SUMMARY: In this study we examine the audit fees for two types of former Andersen clients: those that followed their former Andersen partner to a new audit firm and those that did not. Using data from Public Accounting Report on the acquisition of Andersen offices, we find that about half of the Andersen clients in our sample followed the former partner to a new audit firm and that the “follower” clients paid, on average, about 16 percent lower audit fees than other clients. The results thus provide empirical evidence about the impact of partner-client familiarity on audit fees. The findings also suggest that studies examining former Andersen clients may need to distinguish between the “follower” clients and other clients.

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Raihani, N. J., A. S. Grutter, and R. Bshary. "Female cleaner fish cooperate more with unfamiliar males." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1737 (February 22, 2012): 2479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.0063.

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Joint group membership is of major importance for cooperation in humans, and close ties or familiarity with a partner are also thought to promote cooperation in other animals. Here, we present the opposite pattern: female cleaner fish, Labroides dimidiatus, behave more cooperatively (by feeding more against their preference) when paired with an unfamiliar male rather than with their social partner. We propose that cooperation based on asymmetric punishment causes this reversed pattern. Males are larger than and dominant to female partners and are more aggressive to unfamiliar than to familiar female partners. In response, females behave more cooperatively with unfamiliar male partners. Our data suggest that in asymmetric interactions, weaker players might behave more cooperatively with out-group members than with in-group members to avoid harsher punishment.

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Soares, Marta C., Teresa P. Santos, and João P. M. Messias. "Dopamine disruption increases cleanerfish cooperative investment in novel client partners." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 5 (May 2017): 160609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160609.

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Social familiarization is a process of gaining knowledge that results from direct or indirect participation in social events. Cooperative exchanges are thought to be conditional upon familiarity with others. Indeed, individuals seem to prefer to engage with those that have previously interacted with them, which are more accurate predictors of reward than novel partners. On the other hand, highly social animals do seek novelty. Truth is that the physiological bases underlying how familiarity and novelty may affect cooperative decision-making are still rather obscure. Here, we provide the first experimental evidence that the level of the dopaminergic influence in cooperative exchanges is constrained to mechanisms of social familiarization and novelty in a cleanerfish, Labroides dimidiatus . Cleaners were tested against familiar and novel Ctenochaetus striatus surgeonfish (a common client species) in laboratorial conditions, and were found to spend more time providing physical contact (also referred to as tactile stimulation) to familiar fish clients. Cleaners use tactile stimulation as a way to reduce the risk of a non-rewarding outcome, a behavioural response that is even more pronounced when blocking dopamine (DA) D1 receptors. We discovered that the influence of DA disruption on cleaners' provision of physical contact was dependent on the level of familiarity with its partner, being highly exacerbated whenever the client is novel, and unnoticed when dealing with a familiar one. Our findings demonstrate that DA mediation influences the valuation of partner stimuli and the enhancing investment in novel partners, mechanisms that are similar to other vertebrates, including humans.

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Margrett, Jennifer A., and Michael Marsiske. "Gender differences in older adults’ everyday cognitive collaboration." International Journal of Behavioral Development 26, no. 1 (January 2002): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250143000319.

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Collaborative cognition research has demonstrated that social partners can positively impact individuals’ thinking and problem-solving performance. Research in adulthood and aging has been less clear about dyadic effects, such as partner gender, on collaborative cognition. The current study examined the objective and subjective experiences of older men and women’s collaboration on three everyday problems. Tasks included comprehension of everyday printed materials, a social dilemma task, and an errand-planning task. A sample of 98 older married couples ( N = 196) worked both collaboratively and individually with either their spouse ( N = 52 dyads) or a stranger of the other gender ( N = 46 dyads). Analyses conducted using the actor-partner methodology (e.g., Gonzalez & Griffin, 1997; Kenny, 1996) suggest that men tended to be more influential during dyadic problem solving, particularly on more ambiguous tasks. Subjective appraisals of collaboration also varied between male and female partners, with familiarity of partner playing a large role in expectations of collaboration. Most notably, women assigned to work with an unfamiliar male partner tended to rate their satisfaction with collaborative teamwork less positively. Both self and partner-rated subjective appraisals, particularly expectations of competitiveness, were predictive of collaborative performance.

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Tan, Cedric K. W., Hanne Løvlie, Elisabeth Greenway, Stephen F. Goodwin, Tommaso Pizzari, and Stuart Wigby. "Sex-specific responses to sexual familiarity, and the role of olfaction in Drosophila." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1771 (November 22, 2013): 20131691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1691.

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Studies of mating preferences have largely neglected the potential effects of individuals encountering their previous mates (‘directly sexually familiar’), or new mates that share similarities to previous mates, e.g. from the same family and/or environment (‘phenotypically sexually familiar’). Here, we show that male and female Drosophila melanogaster respond to the direct and phenotypic sexual familiarity of potential mates in fundamentally different ways. We exposed a single focal male or female to two potential partners. In the first experiment, one potential partner was novel (not previously encountered) and one was directly familiar (their previous mate); in the second experiment, one potential partner was novel (unrelated, and from a different environment from the previous mate) and one was phenotypically familiar (from the same family and rearing environment as the previous mate). We found that males preferentially courted novel females over directly or phenotypically familiar females. By contrast, females displayed a weak preference for directly and phenotypically familiar males over novel males. Sex-specific responses to the familiarity of potential mates were significantly weaker or absent in Orco 1 mutants, which lack a co-receptor essential for olfaction, indicating a role for olfactory cues in mate choice over novelty. Collectively, our results show that direct and phenotypic sexual familiarity is detected through olfactory cues and play an important role in sex-specific sexual behaviour.

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Masuda, Akira, and Shuji Aou. "Effect of partner familiarity on social modulation of avoidance behavior." Neuroscience Research 68 (January 2010): e411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.1822.

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Ricankova, V., R. Sumbera, and F. Sedlacek. "Familiarity and partner preferences in female common voles, Microtus arvalis." Journal of Ethology 25, no. 1 (May 24, 2006): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10164-006-0211-9.

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Werebe, Maria Jose Garcia, and Pierre-Marie Baudonniere. "Social Pretend Play Among Friends and Familiar Preschoolers." International Journal of Behavioral Development 14, no. 4 (December 1991): 411–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549101400404.

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The aim of the present study is to assess the role of partner familiarity in the organisation, duration, and content of spontaneous social pretend play in a triadic situation where two friends are in the presence of a third familiar child. Children were observed in a familiar room of their school, provided with two sets of matching objects. The sample comprised 120 children (60 girls and 60 boys) aged 3;0 to 5;0 years, forming 40 same-sex triads (20 female and 20 male). Each triad of classmates was made up of a dyad of friends, plus a familiar partner (not a friend). The findings showed that friends prefer each other as a partner in fantasy play: Play between friends is longer and richer than play with the third partner. The most important sexrelated differences involve the amount of time spent in pretend play. Girls spent nearly twice as much time in fantasy as boys. The use of two sets of identical objects for three children, without adult presence, constituted a powerful paradigm to evidence the effect of the degree of familiarity in children's interaction in general, and in pretend play in particular.

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Samp, Jennifer A., and Laura R. Humphreys. "“I Said What?” Partner Familiarity, Resistance, and the Accuracy of Conversational Recall." Communication Monographs 74, no. 4 (December 2007): 561–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03637750701716610.

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Okuyama, Teruhiro, Saori Yokoi, Hideki Abe, Yasuko Isoe, Yuji Suehiro, Haruka Imada, Minoru Tanaka, et al. "A Neural Mechanism Underlying Mating Preferences for Familiar Individuals in Medaka Fish." Science 343, no. 6166 (January 2, 2014): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1244724.

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Social familiarity affects mating preference among various vertebrates. Here, we show that visual contact of a potential mating partner before mating (visual familiarization) enhances female preference for the familiarized male, but not for an unfamiliarized male, in medaka fish. Terminal-nerve gonadotropin-releasing hormone 3 (TN-GnRH3) neurons, an extrahypothalamic neuromodulatory system, function as a gate for activating mating preferences based on familiarity. Basal levels of TN-GnRH3 neuronal activity suppress female receptivity for any male (default mode). Visual familiarization facilitates TN-GnRH3 neuron activity (preference mode), which correlates with female preference for the familiarized male. GnRH3 peptides, which are synthesized specifically in TN-GnRH3 neurons, are required for the mode-switching via self-facilitation. Our study demonstrates the central neural mechanisms underlying the regulation of medaka female mating preference based on visual social familiarity.

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Donovan, Adriana, and Paul A. Verrell. "The Effect of Partner Familiarity on Courtship Success in the Salamander Desmognathus ochrophaeus." Journal of Herpetology 25, no. 1 (March 1991): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1564800.

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Zheng, Yanfeng, and Haibin Yang. "Does Familiarity Foster Innovation? The Impact of Alliance Partner Repeatedness on Breakthrough Innovations." Journal of Management Studies 52, no. 2 (February 10, 2015): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joms.12112.

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Stimley, Mark A., and J. Douglas Noll. "The effects of communication partner familiarity on the verbal abilities of aphasic adults." Aphasiology 8, no. 2 (March 1994): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687039408248649.

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Livia Terranova, M., Francesca Cirulli, and Giovanni Laviola. "Behavioral and hormonal effects of partner familiarity in periadolescent rat pairs upon novelty exposure." Psychoneuroendocrinology 24, no. 6 (August 1999): 639–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4530(99)00019-0.

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Zawacki, Tina, Jeanette Norris, Danielle M. Hessler, Diane M. Morrison, Susan A. Stoner, William H. George, Kelly Cue Davis, and Devon A. Abdallah. "Effects of Relationship Motivation, Partner Familiarity, and Alcohol on Women's Risky Sexual Decision Making." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 35, no. 6 (March 30, 2009): 723–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167209333043.

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Lederberg, Amy R., Helena B. Ryan, and Bonnie L. Robbins. "Peer interaction in young deaf children: The effect of partner hearing status and familiarity." Developmental Psychology 22, no. 5 (1986): 691–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.22.5.691.

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McMullen, Linda M., and Deborah D. Pasloski. "Effects of communication apprehension, familiarity of partner, and topic on selected ?women's language? features." Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 21, no. 1 (January 1992): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01068306.

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Devouche, Emmanuel, Sara Dominguez, Anne Bobin-Bègue, Maya Gratier, and Gisèle Apter. "Effects of familiarity and attentiveness of partner on 6-month-old infants’ social engagement." Infant Behavior and Development 35, no. 4 (December 2012): 737–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2012.07.021.

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Condon, Candice E., Timothy D. Ritchie, and Eric R. Igou. "How Dyads Reminiscence Moderates the Relations Between Familiarity, Trust, and Memory Conformity." Social Psychology 46, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000222.

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We examined memory conformity about an experience among dyads. Specifically, we tested the extent to which interpersonal familiarity and trust among dyads predicted their memory conformity to each other, and the extent to which the reminiscence mode (verbal discussion vs. nonverbal revision) moderated these relations. Participants (N = 100) in pairs (dyads = 50) either discussed verbally (discussion dyads = 25) or exchanged their written details nonverbally (revision dyads = 25) about a novel, shared experience in the laboratory. Discussing a new, shared event with a partner (vs. comparing each other’s written testimonies) predicted corrective memory conformity (personal memory improvement) and distortive memory conformity (personal memory errors). The data did not support an alternative model. Results thus suggest that familiarity and trust predict memory conformity, corrective and distortive, but only when people directly discuss their memories about an experience. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the two social psychological variables familiarity and trust in the context of memory conformity.

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Kimbler, Kristopher J., and Jennifer A. Margrett. "Older adults’ interactive behaviors during collaboration on everyday problems: Linking process and outcome." International Journal of Behavioral Development 33, no. 6 (July 30, 2009): 531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025409343754.

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Adult collaborative cognition research suggests that working with a partner is generally beneficial to performance; however, little research has investigated the relation between the interactive behaviors and collaborative outcome. The present study examined four interactive behaviors exhibited by familiar (i.e., married spouses) and unfamiliar (i.e., other-sex strangers) older adult dyads during collaborative performance on an everyday problem-solving measure. Results indicated that (a) interactive behaviors were related to partner familiarity and whether dyads first attempted the problems individually or collaboratively, (b) the nature of the interactive behaviors differed over the course of task completion, and (c) interactive behaviors were linked to performance outcome.

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Demirkaplan, Özgen, and Hüseyin Hacıhabiboğlu. "Effects of interpersonal familiarity on the auditory distance perception of level-equalized reverberant speech." Acta Acustica 4, no. 6 (2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2020025.

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Familiarity with sound sources is known to have a modulatory effect on auditory distance perception. However, the level of familiarity that can affect distance perception is not clearly understood. A subjective experiment that aims to investigate the effects of interpersonal familiarity on auditory distance perception with level-equalized stimuli is reported. The experiment involves a binaural listening task where different source distances between 0.5 and 16 m were emulated by convolving dry speech signals with measured binaural room impulse responses. The experimental paradigm involved level-equalized stimuli comprising speech signals recorded from different-gender couples who have self-reported to have known each other for more than a year with daily interaction. Each subject judged the distances of a total of 15 different speech stimuli from their partner as well as spectrally most similar and most dissimilar strangers, for six different emulated distances. The main finding is that a similar but unfamiliar speaker is localized to be further away than a familiar speaker. Another finding is that the semantic properties of speech can potentially have a modulating effect on auditory distance judgements.

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Thomas Antérion, C., P. Convers, S. Desmales, C. Borg, and B. Laurent. "An odd manifestation of the Capgras syndrome: Loss of familiarity even with the sexual partner." Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology 38, no. 3 (June 2008): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2008.04.003.

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Cadieu, N., and J. C. Cadieu. "The influence of free interactions and partner familiarity on social transmission in the young canary." Animal Behaviour 67, no. 6 (June 2004): 1051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.10.004.

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Wang, Yanlin, Steven M. Crooks, and Stefanie Borst. "Chinese language learners’ anxiety toward chat partners in computer-mediated communication." Chinese as a Second Language (漢語教學研究—美國中文教師學會學報). The journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, USA 52, no. 2 (November 10, 2017): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/csl.52.2.02wan.

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Abstract Studies have shown foreign language anxiety (FLA) can negatively impact learners’ performance in the classroom, but learners experience less FLA during computer-mediated communication (CMC) activities. Although it has been documented that communicating with native speakers (NSs) can make foreign language learners more anxious, very few empirical studies have compared learners’ anxiety levels toward different online chat partners. The current study investigated intermediate Chinese language learners’ FLA in online text CMC activities chatting with NSs and non-native speakers (NNSs). The quantitative data analyses showed that there was a significant difference in the anxiety level between chatting with NSs and NNSs in text-based CMC: chatting with NSs made Chinese learners more anxious than chatting with NNSs. Language confidence and partner familiarity were the two main factors mediating the anxiety. Practical pedagogical implications and future research directions were discussed.

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Olmstead, Spencer B., Kathryn A. Conrad, and Kristin M. Anders. "First Semester College Students’ Definitions of and Expectations for Engaging in Hookups." Journal of Adolescent Research 33, no. 3 (March 24, 2017): 275–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743558417698571.

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Our study was guided by a developmental lens (emerging adulthood) and the theory of symbolic interaction as we attended to the meanings and definitions that contextualize expectations for engaging in hookups while attending college. Using a directed approach to qualitative content analysis, we examined first semester college men’s and women’s ( N = 253) responses to a series of open-ended questions focused on definitions of and expectations for hooking up. Six definitional variations of hooking up emerged from these responses: (a) “sex” left undefined, (b) making out, (c) a range of sexual activities, (d) “sex” defined as intercourse, (e) the “all but sex” continuum, and (f) hanging out or going on a date. Chi-square analyses indicated no proportional differences in these definitions based on participant gender. Characteristics of hookup partners were also identified in participant responses. Whereas a greater proportion of men identified physical appearance as a necessary attribute of a potential hookup partner, a greater proportion of women discussed (a) familiarity with a hookup partner and (b) hookups as occurring between noncommitted individuals. Also, a greater proportion of men than women indicated expectations to hookup while attending college. Implications for research, relationship and sexual health education, and policy are discussed.

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Culina, Antica, Josh A. Firth, and Camilla A. Hinde. "Familiarity breeds success: pairs that meet earlier experience increased breeding performance in a wild bird population." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1941 (December 23, 2020): 20201554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1554.

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In socially monogamous animals, including humans, pairs can meet and spend time together before they begin reproduction. However, the pre-breeding period has been challenging to study in natural populations, and thus remains largely unexplored. As such, our understanding of the benefits of mate familiarity is almost entirely limited to assessments of repeated breeding with a particular partner. Here, we used fine-scale tracking technology to gather 6 years of data on pre-breeding social associations of individually marked great tits in a wild population. We show that pairs which met earlier in the winter laid their eggs earlier in all years. Clutch size, number of hatched and fledged young, and hatching and fledging success were not influenced by parents' meeting time directly, but indirectly: earlier laying pairs had larger clutches (that also produce higher number of young), and higher hatching and fledging success. We did not detect a direct influence of the length of the initial pairing period on future mating decisions (stay with a partner or divorce). These findings suggest a selective advantage for a new pair to start associating earlier (or for individuals to mate with those they have known for longer). We call for more studies to explore the generality of fitness effects of pair familiarity prior to first breeding, and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects.

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Dutton, Elysia E., Rita E. Anderson, and Carolyn J. Walsh. "“Do i know you?” does partner familiarity influence social interactions among dogs in a park setting?" Journal of Veterinary Behavior 6, no. 1 (January 2011): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2010.09.044.

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Maldonado, Antoniette M., Lauren M. Finkbeiner, and Cheryl L. Kirstein. "Social interaction and partner familiarity differentially alter voluntary ethanol intake in adolescent male and female rats." Alcohol 42, no. 8 (December 2008): 641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2008.08.003.

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Mustoe, Aaryn C., April M. Harnisch, Benjamin Hochfelder, Jon Cavanaugh, and Jeffrey A. French. "Inequity aversion strategies between marmosets are influenced by partner familiarity and sex but not by oxytocin." Animal Behaviour 114 (April 2016): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.01.025.

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CONTE, ROSARIA, MARIO PAOLUCCI, and JORDI SABATER-MIR. "REPUTATION FOR INNOVATING SOCIAL NETWORKS." Advances in Complex Systems 11, no. 02 (April 2008): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525908001647.

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Reputation is a fundamental instrument of partner selection. Developed within the domain of electronic auctions, reputation technology is being been imported by other applications, from social networks to institutional evaluation. Its impact on trust enforcement is uncontroversial and its management is of primary concern for entrepreneurs and other economic operators. In this paper, we will briefly report on simulation-based studies of the role of reputation as a more tolerant form of social capital than familiarity networks. Whereas the latter exclude nontrustworthy partners, reputation is a more inclusive mechanism on which larger and more dynamic networks are constructed. After the presentation of the theory of reputation developed by the authors in the last decade, a computational system (REPAGE) for forming and exchanging reputation information will be presented and findings from experimental simulations recently run on this system will be resumed. Final remarks and ideas for future work will conclude the paper.

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Bereczkei, Tamas, Gabor Hegedus, and Gabor Hajnal. "Facialmetric similarities mediate mate choice: sexual imprinting on opposite-sex parents." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1654 (September 2, 2008): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1021.

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Former studies have suggested that imprinting-like processes influence the shaping of human mate preferences. In this study, we provide more direct evidence for assessing facial resemblance between subjects' partner and subjects' parents. Fourteen facial proportions were measured on 312 adults belonging to 52 families, and the correlations between family members were compared with those of pairs randomly selected from the population. Spouses proved to be assortatively mated in the majority of measured facial proportions. Significant correlations have been found between the young men and their partner's father (but not his mother), especially on facial proportions belonging to the central area of the face. Women also showed resemblance to their partner's mother (but not to their father) in the facial characteristics of their lower face. Replicating our previous studies, facial photographs of participants were also matched by independent judges who ascribed higher resemblance between partners, and subjects and their partners' opposite-sex parents, compared with controls. Our results support the sexual imprinting hypothesis which states that children shape a mental template of their opposite-sex parents and search for a partner who resembles that perceptual schema. The fact that only the facial metrics of opposite-sex parents showed resemblance to the partner's face tends to rule out the role of familiarity in shaping mating preferences. Our findings also reject several other rival hypotheses. The adaptive value of imprinting-related human mating is discussed, and a hypothesis is made of why different facial areas are involved in males' and females' search for resemblance.

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Singh, Jaywant, Stavros P. Kalafatis, and Lesley Ledden. "Consumer perceptions of cobrands: the role of brand positioning strategies." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 32, no. 2 (April 7, 2014): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-03-2013-0055.

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Purpose – Cobranding is increasingly popular as a strategy for commercial success. Brand positioning strategies are central to marketing, yet the impact of perceptions of parent brands’ positioning on consumers’ perceptions of cobrand positioning has not been investigated. The aim of the present study is to fill this gap. Design/methodology/approach – Employing a quasi-experimental design, the authors create cobranding scenarios in three product categories (tablet computers, cosmetics, and smart phones). The data are collected via structured questionnaires resulting in 160 valid responses. The data are analyzed employing Partial Least Squares-based Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), and consumer evaluation of cobrands is tested in relationship to the prior positioning of the parent brands, product fit and brand fit, along with post-alliance positioning perceptions of the partner brands. Findings – The results confirm brand positioning as a robust indicator of consumer evaluation of cobrands. Positioning perceptions of partner brands are positively related to cobrand positioning perceptions. In addition, pre-alliance positioning significantly relate to post-alliance positioning, confirming cobranding as a viable strategy for partner brands. Research limitations/implications – The paper recommends research that could reveal the impact of differential brand equities of partner brands, such as, between a high-equity brand and a low/moderate-equity brand, mixed brand alliances – product/service; service/service, and at different levels of partner brand familiarity. Practical implications – Managers should design cobrand positioning based on existing positioning perceptions of the partner brands, rather than focussing on product fit and brand fit. Originality/value – The study demonstrates the focal role of positioning strategies of partner brands in consumer evaluation of cobrands.

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Frigerio, Didone, Brigitte Weiss, John Dittami, and Kurt Kotrschal. "Social allies modulate corticosterone excretion and increase success in agonistic interactions in juvenile hand-raised graylag geese (Anser anser)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 1746–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-149.

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In mammals, support by a social partner may reduce stress levels and ease access to resources. We investigated the effects of the passive presence of a nearby social ally on excreted corticosterone immunoreactive metabolites and behaviour in juvenile graylag geese (Anser anser). Two groups of hand-raised juveniles (N1 = 9, N2 = 3) were tested over 1 year by positioning humans of different familiarity (i.e., the human foster parent, a familiar human, a nonfamiliar human, no human) at a standard distance to the focal geese. Their success in agonistic interactions significantly decreased with age and with decreasing familiarity of the accompanying human. The humans present modulated the excretion of corticosterone immunoreactive metabolites, with the strongest effects recorded after fledging when corticosterone metabolites were also positively correlated with agonistic behaviour. This suggests that a human foster parent may provide similar supportive benefits as goose parents do in natural families. We discuss the benefits of social alliances with regard to the integration into the flock, access to resources, and life history.

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Nascimento, Edna de Fátima Gonçalves Alves do, Adalgisa Peixoto Ribeiro, and Edinilsa Ramos de Souza. "Perceptions and practices of Angolan health care professionals concerning intimate partner violence against women." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 30, no. 6 (June 2014): 1229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00103613.

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This was a qualitative exploratory study with the objective of identifying perceptions and practices among health professionals in Angola concerning intimate partner violence against women. Semi-structured interviews were held with a senior health administrator, head nurses, medical directors, psychologists, and nurse technicians in three national hospitals in the capital city of Luanda. The perceptions of Angolan health professionals towards violence against women are marked by the cultural construction of woman’s social role in the family and the belief in male superiority and female weakness. Despite their familiarity with the types of violence and the consequences for physical and mental health, the health professionals’ practices in providing care for women in situations of violence focus on the treatment of physical injuries, overlooking the subjectivity and complexity of these situations. Recent inclusion of the issue in public policies is reflected in health professionals’ practices and raises challenges for the health sector in caring for women in situations of violence.

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Schieck, J. O., and S. J. Hannon. "Breeding site fidelity in willow ptarmigan: the influence of previous reproductive success and familiarity with partner and territory." Oecologia 81, no. 4 (December 1989): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00378953.

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Uchino, Bert N., David M. Sanbonmatsu, and Wendy Birmingham. "Knowing your partner is not enough: spousal importance moderates the link between attitude familiarity and ambulatory blood pressure." Journal of Behavioral Medicine 36, no. 6 (June 20, 2012): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10865-012-9437-x.

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Tye-Murray, Nancy, Brent Spehar, Mitchell Sommers, and Joe Barcroft. "Auditory Training With Frequent Communication Partners." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 59, no. 4 (August 2016): 871–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_jslhr-h-15-0171.

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Purpose Individuals with hearing loss engage in auditory training to improve their speech recognition. They typically practice listening to utterances spoken by unfamiliar talkers but never to utterances spoken by their most frequent communication partner (FCP)—speech they most likely desire to recognize—under the assumption that familiarity with the FCP's speech limits potential gains. This study determined whether auditory training with the speech of an individual's FCP, in this case their spouse, would lead to enhanced recognition of their spouse's speech. Method Ten couples completed a 6-week computerized auditory training program in which the spouse recorded the stimuli and the participant (partner with hearing loss) completed auditory training that presented recordings of their spouse. Results Training led participants to better discriminate their FCP's speech. Responses on the Client Oriented Scale of Improvement (Dillon, James, & Ginis, 1997) indicated subjectively that training reduced participants' communication difficulties. Peformance on a word identification task did not change. Conclusions Results suggest that auditory training might improve the ability of older participants with hearing loss to recognize the speech of their spouse and might improve communication interactions between couples. The results support a task-appropriate processing framework of learning, which assumes that human learning depends on the degree of similarity between training tasks and desired outcomes.

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Ádám, Szilvia, Anikó Nistor, Katalin Nistor, Zoltán Cserháti, and Veronika Mészáros. "A kiégés és a depresszió diagnosztizálásának elősegítése demográfiai és munkahelyi védő- és kockázati tényezőik feltárásával egészségügyi szakdolgozók körében." Orvosi Hetilap 156, no. 32 (August 2015): 1288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2015.30220.

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Introduction: Depression and burnout are frequent comorbidities among nurses. Despite similar symptoms, their management differ. Therefore, their timely diagnosis is essential. Aim: To identify demographic and work-related risk and protective factors of burnout and depression, and facilitate their diagnosis. Method: A cross-sectional study among 1,713 nurses was carried out. Depression and burnout were assessed by the shortened Beck Depression Questionnaire and Maclach Burnout Inventory, respectively. Risk and protective factors were explored using t-tests and analysis of variance. Results: The prevalence of depression and moderate-to-high burnout was 35.1% and 34–74%, respectively. Having a partner/child and longer employment in the outpatient setting protected from burnout. Lack of a partner and male sex emerged as risk factors of depression and depersonalisation, respectively. Conclusions: High prevalence of depression and burnout among nurses poses a significant public health issue. Familiarity with the disease-specific risk and protective factors identified in this research may facilitate timely diagnosis and effective disease management. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(32), 1288–1297.

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Brandmeier, Rupert A., Sebastian Hain, and Florian Rupp. "Market entry of a western company in the Middle East." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621111129663.

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Subject area Entry of a service sector company based in Europe into the Middle East market with focus on Saudi Arabia. Study level/applicability The students should have some familiarity with case studies and should be able to successfully solve easy cases. This case can be used in all courses of general economics and management. It is best suited for courses on market entries, risk management in international business, intercultural management or developing and emerging markets. Case overview Two market entry options are discussed: joint venture set-up with partner and independent direct investment without local partner. A tangible real life experience of the Middle East market will enhance the theoretical presentation and help students to gain practical solutions. Expected learning outcomes The students should be aware of risks and opportunities in the Middle East and Saudi Arabian markets for western companies from the service sector. He/She should be able to prioritize relevant economic data and simultaneously discuss several different options by dealing with complex situations. Supplementary materials Teaching note.

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Vittengl, Jeffrey R., and Craig S. Holt. "Positive and Negative Affect in Social Interactions as a Function of Partner Familiarity, Quality of Communication, and Social Anxiety." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 17, no. 2 (June 1998): 196–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1998.17.2.196.

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Hart, Paul J. B., Eva Bergman, Olle Calles, Stina Eriksson, Stina Gustafsson, Linnea Lans, Johnny Norrgård, et al. "Familiarity with a partner facilitates the movement of drift foraging juvenile grayling (Thymallus thymallus) into a new habitat area." Environmental Biology of Fishes 97, no. 5 (January 4, 2014): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-013-0214-7.

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Simonin, Bernard L., and Julie A. Ruth. "Is a Company Known by the Company it Keeps? Assessing the Spillover Effects of Brand Alliances on Consumer Brand Attitudes." Journal of Marketing Research 35, no. 1 (February 1998): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379803500105.

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The authors examine the growing and pervasive phenomenon of brand alliances as they affect consumers’ brand attitudes. The results of the main study (n = 350) and two replication studies (n = 150, n = 210) together demonstrate that (1) consumer attitudes toward the brand alliance influence subsequent impressions of each partner's brand (i.e., “spillover” effects), (2) brand familiarity moderates the strength of relations between constructs in a manner consistent with information integration and attitude accessibility theories, and (3) each partner brand is not necessarily affected equally by its participation in a particular alliance. These results represent a first, necessary step in understanding why and how a brand could be affected by “the company it keeps” in its brand alliance relationships.

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Riley, Riva J., Elizabeth R. Gillie, Cat Horswill, Rufus A. Johnstone, Neeltje J. Boogert, and Andrea Manica. "Coping with strangers: how familiarity and active interactions shape group coordination in Corydoras aeneus." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 9 (September 25, 2019): 190587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190587.

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Social groups composed of familiar individuals exhibit better coordination than unfamiliar groups; however, the ways familiarity contributes to coordination are poorly understood. Prior social experience probably allows individuals to learn the tendencies of familiar group-mates and respond accordingly. Without prior experience, individuals would benefit from strategies for enhancing coordination with unfamiliar others. We used a social catfish, Corydoras aeneus , that uses discrete, observable tactile interactions to assess whether active interactions could facilitate coordination, and how their role might be mediated by familiarity. We describe this previously understudied physical interaction, ‘nudges’, and show it to be associated with group coordination and cohesion. Furthermore, we investigated nudging and coordination in familiar/unfamiliar pairs. In all pairs, we found that nudging rates were higher during coordinated movements than when fish were together but not coordinating. We observed no familiarity-based difference in coordination or cohesion. Instead, unfamiliar pairs exhibited significantly higher nudging rates, suggesting that unfamiliar pairs may be able to compensate for unfamiliarity through increased nudging. By contrast, familiar individuals coordinated with comparatively little nudging. Second, we analysed nudging and cohesion within triplets of two familiar and one unfamiliar individual (where familiar individuals had a choice of partner). Although all individuals nudged at similar rates, the unfamiliar group-mate was less cohesive than its familiar group-mates and spent more time alone. Unfamiliar individuals that nudged their group-mates more frequently exhibited higher cohesion, indicating that nudging may facilitate cohesion for the unfamiliar group-mate. Overall, our results suggest that nudges can mitigate unfamiliarity, but that their usage is reduced in the case of familiar individuals, implying a cost is associated with the behaviour.

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Panaihfar, Farhad, Cathal Heavey, and PJ Byrne. "Developing retailer selection factors for collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment." Industrial Management & Data Systems 115, no. 7 (August 10, 2015): 1292–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-01-2015-0009.

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Purpose – Selecting an appropriate partner is a vital and strategic decision-making process in any supply chain collaboration initiative. The purpose of this paper is to introduce and explore the key factors considered by manufacturers in the selection of an appropriate retailer(s) for collaboration and collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR) implementation and the relationships between these factors. Design/methodology/approach – A comprehensive literature review and experts’ views are applied to identify the main retailer selection and evaluation factors for CPFR implementation. A fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory approach is then used to rank and analysis the interaction among identified factors. The findings are finally evaluated using a case study from a high-tech industry. Findings – The most important partner selection factors comprising of five dimensions and 24 factors are introduced. Of the identified criteria, three factors: manufacturer’s familiarity with the retailer, workforce skills and training and customer service orientation and capability have been identified as critical when selecting retailers for CPFR implementation. The technological capabilities dimensions are identified as the only net cause dimension which affects all other dimensions and its importance and role in simplifying and enhancing the speed and flexibility of CPFR implementation. Practical implications – The paper identifies practical retailer selection factors for CPFR implementation and the causal relationships between factors. Developed retailer selection dimensions and criteria will assist manufacturers and retailers in understanding the role these factors play in CPFR implementation. This will also assist in appropriate retailer(s) selection by manufacturers. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the literature on CPFR and tackles the important issue of selecting appropriate partners by developing retailer selection dimensions and criteria in CPFR implementation.

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Spangaro, Jo, Roslyn G. Poulos, and Anthony B. Zwi. "Pandora Doesn’t Live Here Anymore: Normalization of Screening for Intimate Partner Violence in Australian Antenatal, Mental Health, and Substance Abuse Services." Violence and Victims 26, no. 1 (2011): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.26.1.130.

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Routine screening for intimate partner violence (IPV) has been widely introduced in health settings, yet screening rates are often low. A screening policy was introduced statewide in Australia in antenatal, mental health, and substance abuse services. Annual snapshot indicates a sustained screening rate of 62%–75% since 2003. Focus group research with health care workers from 10 services found that initial introduction of screening was facilitated by brief, scripted questions embedded into assessment schedules, training, and access to referral services. Over time, familiarity and women’s favorable reactions reinforced practice. Barriers remain, including lack of privacy, tensions about limited confidentiality, and frustration when women remain unsafe. Screening added to the complexity of work, but was well accepted by workers, and increased awareness of and responsiveness to IPV.

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Holliday, Charvonne N., Kristin Bevilacqua, Karen Trister Grace, Langan Denhard, Arshdeep Kaur, Janice Miller, and Michele R. Decker. "Examining the Neighborhood Attributes of Recently Housed Partner Violence Survivors in Rapid Rehousing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 4177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084177.

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Survivors’ considerations for re-housing following intimate partner violence (IPV) are understudied despite likely neighborhood-level influences on women’s safety. We assess housing priorities and predictors of re-housing location among recent IPV survivors (n = 54) in Rapid Re-housing (RRH) in the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. Choropleth maps depict residential location relative to census tract characteristics (neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) and residential segregation) derived from American Community Survey data (2013–2017). Linear regression measured associations between women’s individual, economic, and social factors and NDI and segregation. In-depth interviews (n = 16) contextualize quantitative findings. Overall, survivors re-housed in significantly more deprived and racially segregated census tracts within their respective regions. In adjusted models, trouble securing housing (B = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.13, 1.34), comfortability with proximity to loved ones (B = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.02, 1.48), and being unsure (vs unlikely) about IPV risk (B = −0.76, 95% CI: −1.39, −0.14) were significantly associated with NDI. Economic dependence on an abusive partner (B = −0.31, 95% CI: −0.56, −0.06) predicted re-housing in segregated census tracts; occasional stress about housing affordability (B = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.75) predicted re-housing in less segregated census tracts. Qualitative results contextualize economic (affordability), safety, and social (familiarity) re-housing considerations and process impacts (inspection delays). Structural racism, including discriminatory housing practices, intersect with gender, exacerbating challenges among survivors of severe IPV. This mixed-methods study further highlights the significant economic tradeoffs for safety and stability, where the prioritization of safety may exacerbate economic devastation for IPV survivors. Findings will inform programmatic policies for RRH practices among survivors.

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Schoof, Valérie A. M., and Katharine M. Jack. "Male social bonds: strength and quality among co-resident white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus)." Behaviour 151, no. 7 (2014): 963–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003179.

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Social relationships among immigrant same-sex co-residents have received relatively little attention, particularly for species where males are the dispersing sex. White-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) are unusual in that immigrant males form cooperative alliances with co-resident males during intergroup encounters, and also have affiliative and tolerant intragroup relationships. We collected approx. 3341 h of focal animal data on 25 adult and subadult males in five groups of wild Cebus capucinus in the Santa Rosa Sector, Costa Rica, across three distinct field seasons. Using generalized linear mixed models, we examined the influence of number of co-resident males, group socionomic sex ratio, dominance status and age, and past parallel dispersal on social bond strength (i.e., proximity, contact rest, grooming, preferred grooming partners) and quality (i.e., grooming reciprocity) for 47 unique male–male dyads. Overall, dyads that included an alpha male had the weakest and least equitable bonds, while dyads composed of subordinate males had the strongest and most equitable bonds, with subordinate subadult peers being most likely to form preferred relationships. Several measures of bond strength and quality were highest among dyads in groups with few males and low socionomic sex (female-to-male) ratios. Dyad partners who had previously engaged in parallel dispersal had slightly better bonds than those that did not, suggesting that kinship and/or familiarity may be important. Our results indicate that within groups, male relationships are influenced by power asymmetry, partner availability, and dyad relationship history.

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Powell, Lindsey J., and Elizabeth S. Spelke. "Third-Party Preferences for Imitators in Preverbal Infants." Open Mind 2, no. 2 (December 2018): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/opmi_a_00018.

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Participants in social interactions often imitate one another, thereby enhancing their affiliation. Here we probe the nature and early development of imitation-based affiliation through studies of infants’ preferences for animated characters who imitate, or are imitated by, other characters. Four experiments provide evidence that preverbal infants preferentially attend to and approach individuals who imitate others. This preferential engagement is elicited by the elements of mimicry in simple acts of helping. It does not, however, extend to the targets of imitation in these interactions. This set of findings suggests infants’ imitation-based preferences are not well explained by homophily, prestige, or familiarity. We propose instead that infants perceive imitation as an indicator of valuable attributes in a potential social partner, including the capacity and motivation for social attention and coordinated action.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Partner familiarity'

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