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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Partnership between China and Africa'
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Nikabou, Lantame Jean. "Les conventions ACP-EU et les sanctions économiques de l'Union européenne contre les Etats ACP : le cas du Togo." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAA038/document.
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L’Accord de Cotonou, signé en juin 2000 entre l’Union européenne et les États d’Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique (ACP), se caractérise par un respect des droits de l’homme, des normes démocratiques et de l’État de droit d’une part, et la quête d’une conformité des normes aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC), d’autre part. En effet, la politique de développement mise en place par l’Europe au profit des États ACP a vu le jour avec le Traité de Rome et la création du Fonds européen de développement au profit des ces pays. Pendant longtemps, le partenariat, essentiellement économique, a octroyé d’énormes avantages aux pays ACP en vue d’assurer leur développement. Depuis bientôt deux décennies que les normes politiques ont été insérées dans ce partenariat, force est de constater que quelques pays, dont le Togo, demeurent toujours réticents quant à l’instauration de réelles réformes démocratiques en vue d’assurer une véritable alternance politique. En dépit des sanctions infligées çà et là par l’Union européenne, ces pays trouvent un appui auprès de la Chine qui mène, avec les pays d’Afrique, un partenariat en toute exclusion de la société civileCotonou agreement, signed in June 2000, between the EU and African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Countries, is characterized by the respect of Human Rights, Democratic standards and Rule of Law in one side, and the quest for compliance with the standards principles of World trade Organization (WTO) in the other side. Since then the development policy implemented by Europe for ACP Countries was created with the Treaty of Rome which established European Development Funds, in favor of these countries. For many years, this partnership, mainly economic, has given huge benefits to ACP countries to ensure their development. For almost two decades that the political standards rules were introduced into this partnership, no doubt to notice that some countries, including Togo, are still reluctant to introduce real democratic reforms to ensure effective political changes. Despite sanctions here and there from the European Union, these countries find support from China who treats with African countries, a specific partnership excluding any Civil Society
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Ou, Wei Qiang. "Assessing the strategic partnership between China and the European Union (2003-2010)." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2554719.
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Li, Po-man Nicole, and 李寶雯. "The relationship between public awareness and participation in tripartite partnership in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46758410.
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Sternehäll, Tove. "Trust, Power and Partnership : A study of the evolution of Sweden’s bilateral economic partnership with South Africa between 1985-2018." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk historia och internationella relationer, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194051.
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The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate how Sweden’s bilateral economic relationship with South Africa has evolved between the years 1985-2018, from a Swedish perspective. The study has four research questions. The first question focuses on how Swedish policies toward South Africa has evolved over time, which is followed by two questions on how these changes has impacted trade and non-trade economic activity between the countries. The last question binds the study together with a discussion of the balance of Swedish priorities between humanitarian goals and domestic self-interests during this period. The existing literature is mainly focused on the economic relationship leading up to the fall of apartheid in 1994, and there is not much written on the subject since then. This study aims to contribute to the field by connecting the apartheid-era literature to the development of the post-apartheid bilateral economic relationship. The study is based on a cross analysis of complementary data sources and methods to capture the complexity of the bilateral economic relationship between the two countries. The main bulk of data is derived through semi-structured interviews with representatives from the Swedish government, the civil society, and researchers with experience of this bilateral relationship. This is complemented with a content analysis of Swedish policy documents and illustrative quantitative data. The thesis is built on an analytical framework based on Embeddedness theory and a conceptualisation of Economic- and Soft Power, which highlights the interconnectedness between social, political, and economic relationships.
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Kan, Ka-ho Calvin, and 簡嘉豪. "Equilibrium between development and conservation : evaluation of the 'social' public-private-partnership (PPP) in heritage conservation based on the revitalising historic buildings through partnership scheme." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/195108.
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The Commissioner for Heritage's Office (.CHO.) was established as a response to the 2007-2008 Chief Executive Policy Address and was regarded as a milestone in stimulating heritage conservation in Hong Kong. One of the major initiatives implemented by the CHO is the Revitalising Historic Buildings Through Partnership Scheme (Revitalisation Scheme) for non-profit-making organisations (NPOs) to operate Government-owned historic buildings. There is a need to evaluate the 'social' public-private-partnership (PPP) of Revitalisation Scheme as it matures. As the Development Bureau is releasing more historic buildings under the Scheme and question arises if it is feasible in long-run and whether private enterprises can be eligible to participate to diversify our historic buildings.
An analysis of several cases under the Revitalisation Scheme and overseas case studies were used. Interviews were conducted with stakeholders from the public, private and third sectors of the Revitalisation Scheme to understand their relationships. Interviewees included operators of the historic buildings, project architects, advisory board member and academia. Stakeholders from overseas case study were also interviewed.
It was discovered that the use of partnership in the Revitalisation Scheme is successful in drawing funding from the public sector and expertise from the private sector. The establishment of CHO and its institutional arrangement had significantly reduced the risk of the private sector and risk of over-commercialisation of historic buildings. But the selection of historic buildings to be included in the Revitalisation Scheme, selection of applicants, financial stability, building requirements, management concerns and lack of private enterprise participation limits the effectiveness of heritage PPP.
In order to build upon the Revitalisation Scheme, NPOs and private enterprises should form a consortium for a better distribution of risks and responsibilities in the partnership. The private enterprise will be responsible for the primary business in operating the historic building, while the third sector can commit to community input and the protection of heritage values. A profit-sharing approach between the public, private and third sector will create long-term benefits for the Revitalisation Scheme. The Government as the public sector should apply appropriate zoning regulations and flexibility in the buildings codes to establish a long term strategy of the Revitalisation Scheme.
The connection and the theory between PPP and heritage conservation form a basis to evaluate the innovative approach of the Revitalisation Scheme. As we witnessed several award-winning projects under the scheme, this analysis will examine their implications and measures to ensure the feasibility of the Revitalisation Scheme in long run.published_or_final_version
Urban Planning and Design
Master
Master of Science in Urban Planning
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Van, der Holst Marieke. "EPA negotiations between the EU and SADC/SACU grouping: partnership or asymmetry?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1931.
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Thesis (MA (Political Science. International Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.Europe and Africa share a long history that is characterized both by oppression and development. The relationship between the European Union (EU) and the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries is a particularly important aspect of EU development cooperation policy. The developmental history between the EU and Africa started with the Yaoundé Conventions of 1963 and 1969, which were replaced by the Lomé Convention. Unfortunately, the favourable terms and preferential access for the ACP countries to Europe failed and the Lomé Convention was replaced by the Cotonou Partnership Agreement (CPA) in 2000. As a result of a WTO-waiver, the discriminatory non-reciprocal trade preferences, which were previously enjoyed under the Lomé Convention, continued until December 2007. The Cotonou Agreement points out that these trade preferences will be replaced by joint WTOcompatible Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs). During the EPA negotiations, the EU preferred to negotiate on a regional basis instead of negotiating with the ACP as a whole or with individual countries. Consequently, Sub-Saharan Africa formed two negotiation groups; the Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) EPA group and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) EPA group, represented by the five Southern African Customs Union (SACU) countries, together with Mozambique and Angola. Although Southern Africa is the region that leads the continent; from an economic perspective, the Southern African states show considerable disparities. Due to the economic differences between South Africa and the BLNS countries (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland), the interests of the individual SACU countries are diverse and often contradictory, which resulted in complicated EPA negotiations. However, maintaining a favourable long-term trading relationship with the EU is of great importance to the economic and political well-being of the SADC, since the EU is the main trading partner of most African countries. By December 2007, an interim EPA (IEPA) was initialled by the BLNS countries as a result of the pressure to fall back to the unfavourable Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). Due to the bilateral Trade Development and Cooperation Agreement (TDCA) that is in force between South Africa and the EU, South Africa was not negatively influenced by the expiry of the WTO-waiver. The EPA will have a negative impact on regional integration within SADC and will promote distinction within the regional economic communities. Duty free, quota free access was offered to the BLNS countries, but the EU did not extend this offer to South Africa because of the developmental status of the country and the pre-existing TDCA. Consequently, South Africa will be required to export at higher prices and will experience increased competition within the region. The downside of the removal of import tariffs for the BLNS countries is that government revenues will decrease, which might result in income losses and will accentuate poverty. The standstill-clause of the IEPA prevents the SACU countries from diversifying economically and from developing new industries. The Most- Favoured Nation clause primarily impacts negatively on South Africa, since it prevents South Africa from negotiating freely with other countries such as Brazil and China. Furthermore, the strict intellectual property rules of the IEPA undermine access to knowledge and hereby fail to support innovation. The content of a chapter on liberalization of services, that will be included in the full EPA, is still being negotiated. Liberalization of services might lead to more foreign investments in the BLNS countries, as a result of which the quality of services will increase, leading to better education, infrastructure and more job opportunities. However, foreign companies will gain power at the expense of African governments and companies. South Africa is the main supplier of services in the BLNS countries and will therefore be confronted with economic losses when the services sector is liberalized. From an economic nationalist perspective, the EU included numerous provisions in the IEPA that were not necessary for WTO compatibility. However, the EU is aware of the importance of trade agreements for the BLNS countries and found itself in the position to do so to fulfil its own interests. By making use of the expiry date of the WTO waiver; the IEPA was initialled by the BLNS countries within a relatively short period of time. South Africa, in its own national interests, opposed the provisions of the IEPA, which has led to the negotiations deadlock. Because of the economic power and negotiating tactics of the EU and the selfinterested attitude of South Africa in this respect, regional integration is undermined and the poorest countries are once again the worst off. Although Economic Partnership Agreements have to be established, the partnership-pillar is, in my opinion, hard to find.
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IBRAHIM, MOHAMED ABBDIRAHMAN. "The fast-growing trade between China and African Countries." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-45864.
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According to the IMF, China is today the second world economic power with respect to nominal GDP, an increase from 6th place in the year 2000. Though its GDP surpassed that of the US in 2015 with respect to PPP. On the other side, China is the largest manufacturer and exporter of goods and the second-largest importer of goods worldwide. Since becoming a member of the WTO, China became the largest trading country in the world and has an important role in international trade. It has trade agreements with some countries and continents like Australia, Pakistan and Africa. This thesis looks deeply into China’s economic relations and trade with African countries after 2000. It focuses on China’s interest in African resource-rich countries, while China’s industrialization is increasing rapidly. It also discusses how both China and African countries benefit from this trade. As China’s exports are increasing, this thesis will highlight how China’s low-cost goods are affecting the often-poor African consumers.
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Wroblewski, Joanna Makgorzata. "Assessment of the economic partnership agreement between South Africa and the European Union / Joanna Wroblewski." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9867.
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Trade agreements play a big part in international trade and have existed for as long as countries have been trading internationally. Countries often agree to sign a trade agreement with their trading partners because trade agreements can stimulate international trade by removing barriers. Trade agreements can also have a negative impact on a country, such as social injustice and economic inequality. South Africa has numerous trade agreements with various countries, one important agreement that South Africa is part of is the regional trade agreement between the European Union (EU) and the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries which originated in 1976.
The Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) is a preferential trade agreement which evolved from the Cotonou Agreement which came into force in 2000 and envisioned the creation of mutual trade agreements. When this agreement expired in 2007, the (EPA) was created. The main objective of the EPA’s is to integrate the ACP countries into the world economy. The EU aims to combine trade, politics and development and enhance the political dimension of ACP countries by addressing issues such as corruption, poverty and inadequate development policies. The EU is in favour of the EPA because it will reduce the number of negotiations with various countries, which it currently holds simultaneously.
South Africa had some reservations regarding the EPA. South Africa is currently governed by the Trade, Development and Co-operation Agreement (TDCA), which was created with specific goals and also acts as a strategic partnership between the EU and South Africa. If the EPA is implemented in South Africa, it will replace certain elements of the TDCA agreement. South Africa has characteristics of both a developed and developing economy and will be excluded from several of the general trade arrangements of the EPA. The EU is offering duty-free and quota-free access for all the countries except for South Africa. This will result in two different SACU tariffs for imports from the EU. South Africa also argues that various discrepancies will arise between the EPA and TDCA which will cause various challenges regarding political, legal and technical aspects between Southern African countries and this will hinder regional integration amongst these countries.
There are various opinions as to which agreement will be more beneficial for South Africa. Where the EPA aims to create a single agreement for all ACP countries, the TDCA is an exclusive agreement between South Africa and the EU, and addresses issues specific to South Africa. The underlying problem is that South Africa has qualities of both a developed and a developing nation and is being excluded from some of the benefits that the EU is offering the other members. This rings some alarm bells, as South Africa and its neighbouring countries are working towards better regional integration. The EPA might have a negative influence on this regional integration because various African countries will benefit differently under the EPA.
This Study analyses the possible effects the EPA could have on South Africa’s trade with the EU and South Africa’s neighbouring countries by means of a literature study and an empirical analysis. The first part of literature study gives an overview on trade theories and trade agreements, advantages of free trade, trade barriers and the likeliness of countries to trade with each other. The second part provides an in depth overview of regional and preferential trade agreements and economic integration. The Third section of the literature study gives a complete overview of South Africa and the EU’s economic and trade situation. The Fourth and final section of the literature study provides an overview of the TDCA and the EPA and compares the two agreements.
The literature study is followed by an empirical analysis and an overview of the gravity model. The empirical analysis studied the impact of trade barriers on the historic trade between South Africa and the EU using a gravity model as a basis. The gravity model was used as a base for the regression models, because it has proven to give accurate estimations in previous studies done with similar trade data. This study used data for each variable for the time period 2000 to 2010 and was sourced from the World Bank and the International Trade Centre but there are data limitations. Separate models were estimated for exports from South Africa to the EU and imports to SA from the EU. From the import regression results, it was clear that the coefficients were very small and should all tariffs be eliminated, there will not be a significant increase in imports to South Africa from the EU.
The export regression results were similar to the results of imports and indicated that if all tariffs should be eliminated with the implementation of the EPA, there will not be a significant increase in exports from South Africa to the EU. However the EPA stretches beyond only trade benefits and because the EU remains one of South Africa’s biggest trade and development partners, it is vital to consider the effects of the EPA. It does appear that the EPA’s main motivator is not international trade, but that it is rather political and development orientated.Thesis (MCom (International Trade))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Tembon, Mercy Miyang. "The financing of secondary education in Mezam Division, North West Province, Cameroon : an uneasy partnership between family and state." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10006587/.
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The government of Cameroon like that of many Sub-S aharan African countries is faced with dwindling revenues and cannot provide the required fmances for the education sector. Since many other developing countries are facing similar fmancial constraints, policy options have been proposed for the recovery of costs as a way of revitalizing and improving the quality of education in these countries. The introduction of user charges is one of the more prominent options that applies to all levels of education. In light of the educational financing situation in Cameroon, this study sets out to assess the possibility of implementing this option. It therefore seeks to analyze how secondary schools are fmanced and to measure private direct costs of secondary education so as to determine parental willingness to spend on schooling. A household and a school survey were conducted in Mezam Division of the North West Province of Cameroon. 335 households in urban and rural areas were involved in the household survey, while 16 principals and 750 students, selected from 16 secondary schools, took part in the school survey. Results from these surveys indicate that in government secondary schools, although tuition is provided free, parents are obliged to meet the costs of books and uniforms. Moreover, because government funding is inadequate, by default, parents are obliged to contribute further towards the provision of additional facilities in these schools through the Parent-Teacher Association (PTA). Thus parents incur substantial costs for their children's education, in relation to household income and Gross National per Capita Income. The study also reveals that in the private educational sector, fees and other parental contributions, including PTA levies, form an important source of finance for secondary schools. Parents of government school students value the education of their children highly, and therefore indicated willingness to pay more, even though they already incur substantial costs. The findings further indicate that willingness to pay will be increased if the quality of education is improved. However, ability to pay is related to family income and number of children, which have important implications for equity which are discussed in the thesis. Finally the study reveals that the highly centralized financing policy and practice in government secondary schools does not take into account the fmancial capacity of communities and private individuals sufficiently. The thesis argues that, in order to improve access, quality and efficiency of educational provision, an appropriate cost-sharing strategy needs to be developed to finance government secondary schools, with provision of scholarships or other selective assistance to the most needy. The thesis suggests further that, efforts be made to explore parental willingness and the inherent self help tradition of the people, by encouraging local management and fmancing of schools. Hence support from individual users and contributions from local communities through Parent-Teacher-Associations should be actively solicited. It also suggests that the decentralization of educational management of schools will go a long way towards enhancing educational quality and efficiency. This will require some adjustments to the existing financing structures, and changes in the regulation and management of the education system. The successful implementation of these recommendations require immense political will on the part of the policy makers.
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Leon, Vanessa C. "Status Competition Between the U.S. and China on the Stage of Africa." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2505.
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This case study traced the American reaction to Chinese activities in Africa from the year 2000 to the present. Two keys to understanding how this reaction might unfold were power-transition theory, which predicts that rising states will challenge the hegemon in an international system in order to revise the rules, and status-based competition theories.
The U.S. appeared delayed in reacting to competition in Africa from its rising challenger there, China, until it understood that competition to be status-based. A clear, progressive reaction on the part of American leaders was traced. First, there was a split between the reactions of members of Congress and diplomats on-the-ground, who were concerned about China in Africa around the year 2005, and leaders in the White House and State Department, who publicly denied there was any kind of problem. White House and State Department leaders’ reaction then grew somewhat as relative gains concerns were activated by economic and power losses in Africa. These leaders then engaged in quiet diplomacy with China and Africa, perhaps to try to socialize China and to moderate its less favorable activities. The U.S. at this time did not seem to be fully aware of the status threat China was presenting.
However, in about 2011, the U.S. appears to have begun to perceive the status losses it had sustained in Africa. Through policy changes, discourse, summitry and public diplomacy, including social media, leaders launched what appeared to be a public campaign, designed to position the U.S. as opposed to the values of China, and as a better partner for Africans. This can be seen as status competition because the U.S. had little to gain economically in Africa and its domestic public remained unconcerned with Africa. Loss of status appears to have motivated the U.S. to take action when nothing else had, inspiring policy changes vis-a-vis Africa, the first-ever U.S.-Africa Leaders Summit, two presidential trips to Africa, and a public diplomacy campaign designed to showcase American strengths.
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Lin, Song-Huann (Gary). "The relations between the Republic of China and the Republic of South Africa, 1948-1998." Pretoria : [S.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03022006-143140/.
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Van, Zyl Anthea. "Drivers of knowledge transfer between universities and industry R & D partners in South Africa." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04102008-131307.
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Ma, Jie. "Moving between what-is and what-might-be? : sustainable international partnership in higher education : perspectives from England and China." Thesis, University of Hull, 2018. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:17247.
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One of the ways in which universities relate to the world in the context of internationalisation is through partnership. However, many university partnerships either do not reflect institutional strategic planning, or do not make good use of the individual contingent networking. Higher education institutions across the world engage enthusiastically in developing inter-institutional partnerships but reluctantly invest in nurturing inter-personal relationships, which are central to sustainable relationship building. This thesis attempts to explore what constitutes sustainable international partnership in higher education, and sets its focus on England and China, given the strong belief in internationalisation to achieve particular national agendas in both countries. In order to explore what is perceived to be desirable and worth attaining in sustainable partnership for a given set of participants, the concept of the imaginary is incorporated in this research to connect what-is with what-might-be. Two strands of data were collected from each case university (one in England and one in China) relating to the policy constructions and the staff perceptions. The university strategic policy discourse indicated how institutions project constructions of sustainable partnership in each institution. The 35 semi-structured interviews with staff at either the institutional level or the disciplinary level from both countries demonstrated how individuals respond to policy constructions and also 'imagine' alternatives. The thesis presents a shared imaginary across two institutions in England and China, within which, sustainable partnership is constituted by either strategic planning or contingent networking, and this seems to create an illusion of sustainability for both institutions and individuals. Furthermore, the findings from this study suggest sustainable partnership is constituted by the coordination between strategic planning and contingent networking. The key is to embed partnership emerging in the contingent networking and then situate strategic planning in the context of partnership, nurturing and flourishing interpersonal relationships, and, not vice versa. This thesis not only contributes to a holistic imagining of what might constitute sustainable partnership, but also creates an imaginative space from which sustainable partnership might be attainable between universities even with divergent strategic agendas.
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Van, den Berg Amandus. "A comparative study of double tax agreements between South Africa, Mauritius and China." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23365.
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Mauritius has, in recent years, become one of the preferred financial centres owing to its business-friendly economy, preferential tax regime, wide tax treaty network and solid infrastructure. The Mauritian economy and people have greatly benefitted from the country’s success as a financial centre. One benefit offered by the Mauritian tax regime is the ability and ease with which a person can gain residency to access the preferential tax rates that the country offers. South Africa has recently re-introduced a headquarter tax regime, which will make it a competitor with Mauritius for channelling international trade and foreign direct investment. Previous research focuses on the elements of international taxation and highlights some of the benefits that a company could enjoy by using Mauritius as an offshore base. One of the key elements of a successful headquarter company regime is that of a wide tax treaty network which offers preferential terms for taxing certain income classes. The aim of this study is to provide a theoretical construct for the comparison of double tax agreements, with the goal of identifying those that provide preferential terms for the taxation of certain income classes and the elimination of double taxation. This study focuses on the double tax agreements between South Africa, Mauritius and China, highlighting some of the deficiencies of the South African agreement with China and comparing those with Mauritius’s agreement with China. These deficiencies and the preferential tax regime that Mauritius offers will inevitably provide multi-national companies with tax saving opportunities if they use Mauritius as an offshore base. This study will point out some of the areas where possible tax saving opportunities could be identified. The study further aims to provide a platform from which the South African headquarter company regime can be assessed and analysed. This is specifically important if South Africa is to compete with Mauritius. AFRIKAANS : Mauritius het in onlangse jare een van die gekose finansiële sentrums geword as gevolg van hul besigheidsvriendelike houding, voordelige belasting regime, hul wye netwerk van dubbelbelastingooreenkomste en gevestigde infrastruktuur. Die ekonomie van Mauritius en Mauritius se bevolking het baie voordeel getrek uit die sukses van Mauritius se finansiële dienste sektor. Een van die voordele wat Mauritius se belasting regime bied is die gemaklikheid waarmee inwonerstatus bekom kan word en ‘n persoon toegang tot Mauritius se voordelige belastingkoerse kan kry. Suid-Afrika het soortgelyks verlede jaar ‘n internasionale hoofkantoor regime bekendgestel wat Suid-Afrika dus ‘n mededinger met Mauritius gaan maak ten opsigte van die kanalisering van internasionale fondse en buitelandse belegging. Vorige navorsing fokus op die beginsels van internasionale belasting en identifiseer voordele wat maatskappye kan geniet indien hulle van Mauritius gebruik maak as hul buitelandse basis. Een van die belagrike elemente van ‘n suksesvolle hoofkantoor maatskappy regime is dat die regime ‘n wye netwerk van dubbelbelastingooreenkomste bied en dat die dubbelbelastingooreenkomste voordelige terme vir die belasting van sekere inkomste klasse bied. Hierdie studie se doelwit is om ‘n teoretiese platform te vestig vir die vergelyking van dubbelbelastingooreenkomste met die oog om dubbelbelastingooreenkomste te identifiseer wat voordelige terme bied vir die belasting van sekere inkomste klasse en die eliminering van dubbele belasting. Hierdie studie fokus op die dubbelbelastingooreenkomste tussen Suid-Afrika, Mauritius en Sjina in ‘n poging om sekere van die tekortkominge van die dubbelbelastingooreenkoms tussen Suid-Afrika en Sjina uit te wys wanneer dit met die dubbelbelastingooreenkoms tussen Mauritius en Sjina vergelyk word. Hierdie tekortkominge en die voordelige belasting regime wat Mauritius bied sal multi-nasionale maatskappye die geleentheid bied om belastingvoordele te ontgin indien hulle van Mauritius gebruik maak as ‘n buitelandse basis. Hierdie studie sal van die areas identifiseer waar ‘n maatskappy moontlik belasting kan bespaar. Die studie poog ook om ‘n platform te bewerkstellig vir die analise en evalueering van die Suid-Afrikaanse hoofkantoor regime. Hierdie analise en evalueering is spesifiek belangrik indien Suid-Afrika met Mauritius wil meeding. Copyright 2011, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Van den Berg, A 2011,A comparative study of double tax agreements between South Africa, Mauritius and China, MCom dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03222012-172313 / > F12/4/180/gmDissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Taxation
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Kent-Brown, Duke. "The relationship between the Republic of South Africa and the People's Republic of China : a model for public policy analysis." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23225.
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Please read the abstract (Summary) in the section 00front of this documentThesis (D Admin (Public Administration))--University of Pretoria, 2008.
School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA)
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Nguyen, Thi Bich Ha. "Strategic Economic Partnership between Vietnam and Japan: Current State, Challenges and Measures to Promote Trade and Investment Relations." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科附属国際経済政策研究センター, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16042.
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Zhang, Xiaoxi [Verfasser], Isabel [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Feichtner, and Moritz [Gutachter] Bälz. "Venture capital limited partnership in financing innovation : a comparative study between the U.S. and China / Xiaoxi Zhang ; Gutachter: Isabel Feichtner, Moritz Bälz ; Betreuer: Isabel Feichtner." Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1130704513/34.
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Yu, Jie. "Partnership or partnerships? : an assessment of China-EU relations between 2001 and 2013 with cases studies on their collaborations on climate change and renewable energy." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3294/.
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This thesis provides an in-depth and detailed examination of China-EU relations between 2001 and 2013. Specifically, it investigates the collaboration on Climate Change and Renewable Energy between China and the European Union. It departs from the conventional academic literature in the field, which has treated Sino-European relations as bilateral ties between Beijing and Brussels, as well as between China and the national capitals of the EU member states. Instead, it studies Sino-European relations by focusing on individual institutions and corporate organisations. To achieve this, this thesis investigates the foreign policy formation and execution process in Beijing. It offers a detailed examination of the relations between elements of the Chinese Communist Party, as the ultimate decision maker, the Chinese governmental institutions and the Chinese companies involved in renewable and climate sectors. It analyses the extent to which changes in foreign policy priorities and the growing numbers of players involved in Beijing’s foreign policy making process have altered China’s EU policy. It also investigates individual actors on the European side. In particular, it focuses on whether the European actors recognise changes in China’s foreign policy agenda as well as whether they have responded effectively to shifts in the institutional balance of power in Beijing. It uses Sino-European collaborations on Climate Change and Renewable Energy as case studies to answer the key research question “To what extent are China-EU relations pre-dominantly determined by the interests of a diverse range of foreign policy actors?” It thus identifies who shapes the bargaining process; on which policy each actor bargains with, and the outcomes of the relevant bargaining process. The thesis was conducted using qualitative research methods, especially a large number of in-depth interviews, many of them with members of the commercial and political elite, and drawing the secondary sources to corroborate the interview results.
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De, Gouveia Keshia Natalia. "Income tax incentives for renewable energy research and development and implementation : a comparison between South Africa and China." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41512.
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Like many fossil fuel dependant countries, South Africa faces the dual problem of responding to an increasing demand for coal production to satisfy rising energy requirements, while at the same time responding to the call to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The exploration of renewable energy sources as an alternative to fossil fuels has therefore become an increasingly pressing concern in South Africa.
South Africa has significant renewable energy potential which can simultaneously address both energy needs and the environmental concerns arising from greenhouse gas emissions. A tax incentive regime is a popular governmental policy instrument that has the potential to advance technologies and stimulate markets by encouraging research and development as well as the implementation of renewable energy technologies. It is therefore important to determine how the tax incentives currently available in South Africa for research and development and the implementation of renewable energy technologies, compare with those adopted internationally.
China was identified as a country that offers generous fiscal incentives to encourage research and development and the implementation of technology such as renewable energy technologies. The objective of this study was to determine how the income tax incentives for research and development and the implementation of renewable energy technologies currently available in South Africa compare with the income tax incentives available in China for the same purpose. This was achieved by means of a head-to-head comparison of the impact that the two tax regimes would have in a hypothetical case studyDissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
am2014
Taxation
Unrestricted
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Eichler, Sharon. "Children’s participation in everyday activities: Differences and similarities between children with intellectual disabilities in China and South Africa." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Jönköping University, HLK, CHILD, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49547.
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BACKGROUND Children and youth with intellectual disabilities have a right to participation in life just like any other children. AIM This study aims to explore the most influential factor on the participation of a child with intellectual disability and to compare the level of participation between children with ID from South Africa and China. To this day there is still insufficient information on what can influence the participation of children with intellectually disability and how to improve their attendance in everyday activities. METHOD A cross-sectional study using secondary data was conducted. The data was collected through the ‘Picture my participation’ tool that explores the self-perceptions of children with ID in everyday activities. Study participants were 191 children and youth from South Africa and China, ages 6 to 21, who have intellectual disabilities. A multiple linear regression was conducted to find an answer to the research questions. Data of this study was retrieved from the CHILD group at Jönköping University. RESULTS The findings of this study show that children with intellectual disabilities have a lower participation rate in social and community activities than in home activities. It shows that children who live in South Africa have a higher participation mean than children in China. Within China children who live in an urban area show higher participation than the children living in the rural area CONCLUSION The level of participation of children and youth with intellectual disabilities is highly influenced by the social environmental factors in the child’s life. Cultural contexts include the country, socio-economic status, poverty, and ethnicity. A child and his environment are all part of a greater cultural context.
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Arong, Arong. "A comparative study of the development of vocational education in South Africa and China between 1948 and 1993." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5456.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThis study has compared and investigated the historical evolution and development of public vocational education in South Africa and China, between 1948 and 1994. The purpose of the study has been to understand and trace the relation between the internal and external socio-economic and educational factors and determine how these impacted on the development of vocational education in both countries. The main focus was on the public senior secondary-level vocational educational systems in South Africa and China, referred to as technical colleges and skilled workers schools, respectively. In setting up the study, it discovered that in the period preceding 1948 in South Africa and 1949 in China, that while there were multi-track systems in both countries, the roles and functions were different. Following this, the thesis took as the starting point two key periods, namely, 1948/9 and 1978. While 1948/1949 marked the establishment of centralised political adminstrations and nation-state processes; the year 1978 marked the start of economic liberalisation. In both instances, the thesis addressed the question how these two powers made meaning in terms of the nature of vocational education. In this respect, it investigated the ways in which the practices that unfolded were connected to the broader political economic forces in both countries. It drew mainly on primary, secondary and tertiary documentary sources to build a broad historical descriptive narrative of vocational education during this period.
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Duvenhage, Jacques Clarence. "The impact of anti-dumping and anti-dumping regulations between South Africa, the European Union and China : a comparative study." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25301.
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This mini-dissertation critically analyse the use of anti-dumping regulations between South Africa, the European Union and China. South Africa, the European Union and China are all members of the World Trade Organisation. Dumping is legally defined in terms of Article VI of the General Agreements Act on Tariffs and Trade as “a product that is exported from one country to another at a price less than a price at which like goods are sold from domestic consumption in the exporting country”. The only way to protect a country from dumping is to use their universal, legal instruments set out by the World Trade Organisation, namely the most commonly used trade remedy, anti-dumping, countervailing and subsidies and lastly safeguards. On the 14th of November 2003, South Africa promulgated their anti-dumping regulations that had a broader overview regarding dumping than the previous legislation on this matter. Although there had been several opportunities to properly legislate anti-dumping substance and procedures, the existing South African legislation including the International Administration Act, still does not conform to the requirements and standards of the World Trade Organisation. In the early 20th Century, a number of European countries came together and formulated an Anti-dumping Agreement and was also known as the European Union. The European Union is seen as one of the biggest trade actors in the world. In 1994 the European anti-dumping laws were laid down. Regarding to non-market economies, the European legislation did not have a lot of change during the last decade. The European Union conforms to the requirements and standards set out by the World Trade Organisation. On 25 March 1997 the state council of the People’s Republic of China promulgated anti-dumping and countervailing regulations. At this point in time, China is undergoing an economic transformation, but before China plays an important part in the World Trade Organisation, it must learn to use the World Trade Organisation and integrate the World Trade Organisation laws that are directly related to China by looking at the international trade’s advantages and disadvantages. China is under severe dumping and anti-dumping status quo, which is directly paired with the development of China's anti-dumping legislation where new demands are being brought forward. South Africa’s relationship regarding China, lead to a Memorandum of Understanding in December 1999 where the regional trade protocol was signed between the two countries in terms of textiles, that South Africa won’t impose any duties against China until December 2013, but antidumping duties can be imposed on any other country. South Africa and the European Union have not yet created such a relationship of that between South Africa and China, but South Africa and the European Union, both signed the Trade Development and Co-operation Agreement. This was the first bi-lateral framework agreement between South Africa and the European Union. The final ratification occurred in 2004 and was revised in March 2007. The international trade war against China and the European Union has been won by China, because the WTO recently came to the conclusion that the European Union’s trade policies against China were discriminatory. It should be mentioned that these three countries will play an important role in the development and implementation of international trade relations and regulations and by their collusion, it could only improve the visions of international trade.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Mercantile Law
unrestricted
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Hassim, Bilal. "A critical analysis of the fiscal incentives available in the renewable energy - a comparison between South Africa, India, China and Brazil." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25321.
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South Africa relies significantly on the use of non-renewable resources to generate its electricity requirements. The release of carbon dioxide and other harmful gasses during the process of electricity generation has a negative impact on the quality of human and animal health and wellbeing. The South African renewable energy sector is currently in its infancy in comparison to the global renewable energy sector. A brief analysis and comparison of the renewable energy sectors of the other countries selected in this dissertation (i.e. Brazil, China and India) will be performed to highlight the common challenges in these countries in an effort to demonstrate the relevance and importance of the tax and limited related incentives to assist in reducing these challenges and increase the use of renewable energy resources in electricity power plants. Once the relevance and importance of tax and related incentives are highlighted, this dissertation analyses and examines the specific tax incentives available to enterprises operating in the renewable energy sector in South Africa, India, China and Brazil. Based on the analysis, recommendations and/or enhancements to the current corporate tax incentives available in South Africa will be discussed in detail. This dissertation will also discuss whether any of the recommendations and/or enhancements could be incorporated into the existing South African Special Economic Zones Act. As there are 108 solar and wind energy power plant being constructed in Brazil, but no significant corporate tax incentives currently available to qualifying taxpayers, the regulatory policy setting out the renewable energy targets and how it will be achieved is an important consideration. It was found that if there were periodic updates to the regulatory policy and it was mandatory for electricity utility companies (such as Eskom) to ensure that there is a mix between renewable energy and non-renewable energy sources based on the regulatory policy, it would ensure that the delays currently being experienced in the expansion of the renewable energy sector would be significantly reduced. This dissertation found further that the accelerated capital allowances available to qualifying taxpayers in South Africa are considerably more favourable than similar accelerated capital allowances available in the other countries selected in this dissertation.
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Matumba, Diana Mukovhe. "The Impact of Import Competition from China on the Skill-Bias of Manufacturing Employment across South African Regions between 2001 and 2011." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31688.
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South Africa and China established their first official diplomatic ties in 1998. A decade later in 2008 China had become South Africa’s largest bilateral trade partner which presents both complementary and competitive outcomes for the South African labour market. This study explores the competitive outcomes, particularly the impact that China has had on the skill bias of manufacturing employment within South Africa’s local municipalities between 2001 and 2011. The study follows on from two theories of trade: the Heckscher-Ohlin theory with its Stopler-Samuelson theorem, and specific factor theories. The identification method employed in this study was developed by Autor, Dorn and Hansen (2013) and seeks to exploit variation across South African municipalities which stems from initial differences in industry specialisation and instrumenting for South African imports using changes in Chinese imports by other low- and middle-income countries. The data used in the current study is from the UN Comtrade as well as South African population census data from 1996, 2001 and 2011. This study makes two main contributions to the literature by looking at the impact that import competition has on manufacturing employment in local labour markets, and how this impact varies by skill set and gender. The main finding of the study was that Chinese import exposure was biased against low-skilled workers as it resulted loss of employment for the low-skilled workers, and had a minimal effect on the employment of high-skilled workers.
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Stahl, L. "Capital 2.0 : capital formation and legal risk in a new global economic order from fiat to exit : including case studies of the proposed transatlantic trade and investment partnership between the United States and the European Union and the financing relation between the United States and the People's Republic of China." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2016. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/9ywzx/capital-2-0-capital-formation-and-legal-risk-in-a-new-global-economic-order-from-fiat-to-exit-including-case-studies-of-the-proposed-transatlantic-trade-and-investment-partnership-between-the-united.
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Following the intrinsically linked balance sheets in his Capital Formation Life Cycle, Lukas M. Stahl explains with his Triple A Model of Accounting, Allocation and Accountability the stages of the Capital Formation process from FIAT to EXIT. Based on the theoretical foundations of legal risk laid by the International Bar Association with the help of Roger McCormick and legal scholars such as Joanna Benjamin, Matthew Whalley and Tobias Mahler, and founded on the basis of Wesley Hohfeld’s category theory of jural relations, Stahl develops his mutually exclusive Four Determinants of Legal Risk of Law, Lack of Right, Liability and Limitation. Those Four Determinants of Legal Risk allow us to apply, assess, and precisely describe the respective legal risk at all stages of the Capital Formation Life Cycle as demonstrated in case studies of nine industry verticals of the proposed and currently negotiated Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership between the United States of America and the European Union, TTIP, as well as in the case of the often cited financing relation between the United States and the People’s Republic of China. Having established the Four Determinants of Legal Risk and its application to the Capital Formation Life Cycle, Stahl then explores the theoretical foundations of capital formation, their historical basis in classical and neo-classical economics and its forefathers such as The Austrians around Eugen von Boehm-Bawerk, Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich von Hayek and most notably and controversial, Karl Marx, and their impact on today’s exponential expansion of capital formation. Starting off with the first pillar of his Triple A Model, Accounting, Stahl then moves on to explain the Three Factors of Capital Formation, Man, Machines and Money and shows how “value-added” is created with respect to the non-monetary capital factors of human resources and industrial production. Followed by a detailed analysis discussing the roles of the Three Actors of Monetary Capital Formation, Central Banks, Commercial Banks and Citizens Stahl readily dismisses a number of myths regarding the creation of money providing in-depth insight into the workings of monetary policy makers, their institutions and ultimate beneficiaries, the corporate and consumer citizens. In his second pillar, Allocation, Stahl continues his analysis of the balance sheets of the Capital Formation Life Cycle by discussing the role of The Five Key Accounts of Monetary Capital Formation, the Sovereign, Financial, Corporate, Private and International account of Monetary Capital Formation and the associated legal risks in the allocation of capital pursuant to his Four Determinants of Legal Risk. In his third pillar, Accountability, Stahl discusses the ever recurring Crisis-Reaction-Acceleration-Sequence-History, in short: CRASH, since the beginning of the millennium starting with the dot-com crash at the turn of the millennium, followed seven years later by the financial crisis of 2008 and the dislocations in the global economy we are facing another seven years later today in 2015 with several sordid debt restructurings under way and hundred thousands of refugees on the way caused by war and increasing inequality. Together with the regulatory reactions they have caused in the form of so-called landmark legislation such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010, the JOBS Act of 2012 or the introduction of the Basel Accords, Basel II in 2004 and III in 2010, the European Financial Stability Facility of 2010, the European Stability Mechanism of 2012 and the European Banking Union of 2013, Stahl analyses the acceleration in size and scope of crises that appears to find often seemingly helpless bureaucratic responses, the inherent legal risks and the complete lack of accountability on part of those responsible. Stahl argues that the order of the day requires to address the root cause of the problems in the form of two fundamental design defects of our Global Economic Order, namely our monetary and judicial order. Inspired by a 1933 plan of nine University of Chicago economists abolishing the fractional reserve system, he proposes the introduction of Sovereign Money as a prerequisite to void misallocations by way of judicial order in the course of domestic and transnational insolvency proceedings including the restructuring of sovereign debt throughout the entire monetary system back to its origin without causing domino effects of banking collapses and failed financial institutions. In recognizing Austrian-American economist Schumpeter’s Concept of Creative Destruction, as a process of industrial mutation that incessantly revolutionizes the economic structure from within, incessantly destroying the old one, incessantly creating a new one, Stahl responds to Schumpeter’s economic chemotherapy with his Concept of Equitable Default mimicking an immunotherapy that strengthens the corpus economicus own immune system by providing for the judicial authority to terminate precisely those misallocations that have proven malignant causing default perusing the century old common law concept of equity that allows for the equitable reformation, rescission or restitution of contract by way of judicial order. Following a review of the proposed mechanisms of transnational dispute resolution and current court systems with transnational jurisdiction, Stahl advocates as a first step in order to complete the Capital Formation Life Cycle from FIAT, the creation of money by way of credit, to EXIT, the termination of money by way of judicial order, the institution of a Transatlantic Trade and Investment Court constituted by a panel of judges from the U.S. Court of International Trade and the European Court of Justice by following the model of the EFTA Court of the European Free Trade Association. Since the first time his proposal has been made public in June of 2014 after being discussed in academic circles since 2011, his or similar proposals have found numerous public supporters. Most notably, the former Vice President of the European Parliament, David Martin, has tabled an amendment in June 2015 in the course of the negotiations on TTIP calling for an independent judicial body and the Member of the European Commission, Cecilia Malmström, has presented her proposal of an International Investment Court on September 16, 2015. Stahl concludes, that for the first time in the history of our generation it appears that there is a real opportunity for reform of our Global Economic Order by curing the two fundamental design defects of our monetary order and judicial order with the abolition of the fractional reserve system and the introduction of Sovereign Money and the institution of a democratically elected Transatlantic Trade and Investment Court that commensurate with its jurisdiction extending to cases concerning the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership may complete the Capital Formation Life Cycle resolving cases of default with the transnational judicial authority for terminal resolution of misallocations in a New Global Economic Order without the ensuing dangers of systemic collapse from FIAT to EXIT.
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Gomis, François. "Les nouveaux défis et enjeux de la politique étrangère de la France en Afrique francophone subsaharienne." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D020.
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Des années 1960 jusqu’à la fin de la guerre froide, voire au-delà, l’influence voire la prépondérance de la France sur les territoires francophones d’Afrique noire est presque totale. Cependant, en ce XXIème siècle naissant, la compétition mondiale dans la recherche de nouveaux débouchés et de la sécurisation de l’approvisionnement énergétique amène inexorablement les grandes puissances à entrer en ‘‘conflit d’intérêts’’ par la pénétration réciproque des « arrière-cours ». Ceci est particulièrement vrai pour la France qui voit des pays tels que les Etats-Unis, la Chine, l’Inde, le Brésil, la Turquie, les pays du Golfe, etc., faire une entrée fracassante dans une région géographique qu’elle considère depuis longtemps comme sa « chasse gardée » compte tenu des liens historique, linguistique et politique. Ces nouveaux défis et enjeux pour la politique africaine de la France se mesurent désormais, à l’aune des transformations à l’œuvre sur la scène internationale avec la mondialisation et l’émergence de nouvelles puissances du Sud. Les défis et les enjeux sont importants pour l’action extérieure de la France et sa place dans le monde, compte tenu de la concurrence féroce des nouveaux acteurs et des changements des sociétés africaines en cours. Néanmoins elle possède encore des atouts économiques, diplomatiques et stratégiques susceptibles de lui permettre d’élaborer, grâce à l’espace culturel francophone, un projet original, ambitieux et porteur d’espoir. Pour ce faire, il faudra répondre aux deux interrogations suivantes : Comment réformer cette politique traditionnelle basée sur des relations étroites et privilégiées avec les dirigeants africains sans toutefois compromettre les avantages comparatifs de la France sur place? Quelle stratégie politique mettre en œuvre pour identifier les véritables intérêts communs des Français et des Africains francophones, en tenant compte des opportunités et des menaces, et les développer dans un partenariat mutuellement bénéfique ?From 1960s to the end of the cold war, even beyond, the influence even the supremacy of France in the French-speaking territories in Sub-Saharan Africa is almost total. However, in this 21st century, the world competition in the research of new markets and the security of the energy supply leads inexorably the great powers to enter in “conflict of interests” by the mutual penetration of the “back-yards”. This is particularly true for France which has countries such as the United States, China, India, Brazil, Turkey, the Gulf Arab States, etc., to make a dramatic entrance in a geographical area where she judged it for a long time as her “exclusive domain” considering the historical, linguistic and political links. These new challenges and issues for the African policy of France are measured from now on, in the light of the transformations at work in the world with the globalization and the emergence of new powers of the South. The challenges and the issues are important for the external action of France and its place in the World, considering the fierce competition between new stakeholders and the ongoing African society changes. Nevertheless it still has economic, diplomatic and strategic assets which enable him to elaborate, thanks to the francophone cultural center, an original project, ambitious and promising. With this aim in mind, it will be necessary to answer to the two following questions: How to reform this traditional policy based on close and privileged relationships with African leaders without compromising, however, the comparative advantages of France on the spot? Which political strategy has to be implemented in order to identify the real common interests of the French and the French-speaking Africans, by taking into account the opportunities and threats, and to develop them in a mutually beneficial partnership?
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Mei, Jiing-Shaw, and 梅景劭. "Study On the Establishment of New Strategic Partnership between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Africa." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12999392393051289684.
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碩士中國文化大學
政治學系
99
To cope with situation changes of the world after Cold War, China has asserted independence, self-initiative of one’s own, and peaceful coexistence as its diplomatic principles, and has, since, 1990s, begun to facilitate partnership diplomacy, while the fundamental spirit of non-alignment, non-hostility, and non-focused on Third-World countries is taken as its fundamental spirit for its partnership diplomacy. Under such a spirit, China has progressively established partnership relationship with major countries of the world or regional international organizations, helping to open up a novel channel for external relations. The concept of new partnership relationship is primarily initiated when African countries put forth “New Partnership for African Development” (NEPAD), and the project stresses the new partnership relationship by African countries with developed countries. When NEPAD was proposed, it has received support from (G8) – eight major industrialized countries and the UN. China had then established “Forum of China-Africa Cooperation” in 2000 under such background, and built up “new partnership relationship” with African countries within such a framework. Furthermore, China upgraded relationship between China and African to “China-Africa new strategic partnership relationship” in 2006. In recent years, Africa has made use of its economic potential geopolitics, and resource advantages, turning itself into the focus of international strategy, and it has, facilitated major countries of the world to begin placing greater attention on African affairs as well as adjusting their African policy along with the establishment of “Forum on China-Africa Cooperation” and the enhancement of relationship between China and Africa. Some countries have also started to take after China model as they build up cooperation forum with African countries and also partnership relationship. On the other hand, western countries in Europe and America have launched their attack on African policy by China, so that the international community has instigated the criticism as China implements “neo-colonialism” in Africa, which has brought about negative impact on the international image of China. The establishment of “Forum on China-Africa Cooperation” and China-Africa new strategic partnership relationship has well demonstrated how China should like to obtain initiative for itself internationally as it helps create platform so as to change the intention of international politics and economic order. Therefore, China has begun to conduct multilateral negotiation with countries around the world for African affairs as international community launches much criticism on its African policies. On the other hand, countries around the globe have also started to seek for cooperation of African affairs with China, showing that the ever increasingly important status of China in Africa. With summation of increased national strength, countries of the world can no longer ignore the status of China in Africa. Keywords:China-Africa new strategic partnership relationship, partnership diplomacy, Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, Sino-Africa relations
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Liao, Liang-Tung, and 廖良棟. "A Study of “Strategic Partnership” between China and ASEAN." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76188764542153440480.
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碩士淡江大學
中國大陸研究所碩士班
94
As long as foreignness is concerned, it usually refers to northern ones in Chinese history. It’s true that relations between China and southern states were much more peaceful, and therefore, often called less attention. However, ASEAN has made efforts and progress for several decades, especially during the post-Cold War Era. Nowadays, ASEAN has become an important actor in furthering the security in the Asia-Pacific area by showing its collective power and offering a dialogue platform. In comparison with the past Southeast Asia of being colonized and being under the pressure of the US and the USSR outside and the insurgencies inside, it is definitely different on ASEAN’s condition. All states care about the security affairs, especially China. China has transferred to develop its economic from starting the “Reform and Openness”. But China still didn’t get foreign trust historically, and couldn’t make them feel secure realistically. As a result, China had to make changes to improve the relations with them more actively that it could emergence to be a great power. China and AEAN, both international actors in the Asia-Pacific area progressive economically and concerned security affairs, have reasons to cooperate with each other and at last, they built up the strategic partnership in 2003. And it is significant that Southeast Asia suffered from economic crisis in 1997 and 1998 striking the economies heavily and further ASEAN to cooperate with China. It is really a great chance for China to improve their relation and, moreover, make ASEAN more dependent upon it so that China would lead Southeast Asia and put its “Peaceful Emergence” strategy into practice in the future. In fact, ASEAN realized it, but it still avoidably chose to come to China because of the need of recovery. The reaction between the biggest developing nation in the world and international institution in East Asia not only concern both part but also make other big power nervous. Hence, it is important to observe how China and ASEAN operate in their strategic advantage and how it changes to understand and predict the balance of power in Asia Pacific. Whether China will complete the “Peaceful Emergence” (Peaceful Development) strategy or blocked by any big power else? Whether ASEAN will become more and more dependant on China and even being controlled in recovering through China’s help? This document focuses on their reactions and if they make it.
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Ndzimande, Busisiwe Edith. "Exploring the nature of partnership between African traditional and conventional health care in eThekwini district." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1058.
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Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree in Masters of Technology in Nursing, Durban University of Technology, 2012.Background : The current alarming growth of diseases and complications, especially in Africa, makes the integration of traditional and conventional health practices a priority in medical training, research and planning, and the funding of health services. Unplanned and/or unintended treatment non-compliance and unnecessary deaths from diseases like tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus are escalating in spite of health information and/or education, support groups and awareness events. The World Health Organisation recommends Directly Observed Treatment Strategy for illnesses like tuberculosis, and suggests the inclusion of traditional health practitioners in the strategy because they are constantly in contact with the community and could therefore be utilized as reminders, support system, doctors and care givers. Therefore it is a high priority that traditional health practitioners be integrated into partnership with conventional medicine practitioners, as they are considered the entry point to primary health care programmes in South Africa. Aim of the study The aim of this study was to explore the nature of the partnership between the African traditional and conventional health care in the eThekwini District. Methodolody : A qualitative, multiple case study design was used to explore the partnership between African traditional and conventional health care within the South African health care system in the eThekwini district of KwaZulu-Natal Province. In attempting to explore and understand the extent to which both these health care systems work together, a qualitative research method was used. All ethical issues were considered after which individual interviews were conducted using an interview guide and a tape recorder. A cross-case synthesis was used to analyse data. Results : Results from the study suggest that a partnership is far from being implemented by both the Traditional Health Practitioners and Conventional Health Care Practitioners. It is apparent that they both do not share a common vision. The government has some responsibility and a major role to play in guiding such a partnership and making sure that the South African community is provided with best practices governed by policies and legislation that are transparent, fair and legally binding to everybody involved.
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Wu, Su-Hsin, and 吳素馨. "Studies on the Cooperation Partnership between China and ASEAN in the Post-Cold War Era." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28177764264687855548.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
政治學研究所
89
Abstract This thesis “the Cooperation Partnership between China and ASEAN in the Post-Cold War Era” is analyzed mainly by functionism approach. By facing the new international situation, namely globalization, China continues to pursue economic modernization. China’s modernization was, is and will be a positive factor for regional stability and economic growth in Asia. At the same time, ASEAN have strong interest in China’s successive economic reform. In this context, China and ASEAN underscored their commitments to handling their cooperation partnership in accordance with the principles of mutual benefits and equality, and agree to promote dialogue for the possibility to establish a free trade area between ASEAN and China. If the cooperation partnership in economic integration does work successively and can spill-over to political cooperation, China and ASEAN will be in the near future as major power to shape the new order in Asia.
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WU, KUN-YAN, and 吳坤演. "Relations between Communist China and Southern Africa in the 1970s." Thesis, 1987. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01878116319766963657.
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Murray, Ryan Jeremiah Finbarr. "The clean development mechanism : a comparison between South Africa and China." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9180.
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The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is the only mechanism available for use by
developing nations. It is there for highly important for the inclusion of these developing
nations in the climate change regime. A consideration on the early implementation of
the CDM in South Africa and China, being two countries with many similarities and
differences and vastly different successes, provides important lessons on how to
approach the climate change regime. Certain barriers exist purely due to the nature of
countries in which the CDM applies as well as other barriers found within the CDM
project life cycle and development. Through the comparison these barriers are explored
and areas for development within South Africa are noted as well as weakness with the
current climate change regime particularly the Kyoto Protocol.Thesis (LL.M.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.
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Lin, Yu-Jen, and 林宥任. "The Strategic Partnership between China and EU in the Era of Globalization: Perspective of Balance of Power." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74515160634082360958.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
政治學研究所
101
The theory of Balance of Power effectively explained state’s behavior under anarchy during the Cold War. With the end of the Cold War the US became the most powerful state. According to theory of Balance of Power, secondary powerful states would cooperate with each other to work against USA, but in the reality it is not the case. International system has gone into “complex independence” according to Keohane and Nye. As the most powerful state, USA has every advantages, are they political, economical and military, to enforce their unilateralist foreign policy. After the “911” event, the target of US unilateralist foreign policy is counter-terrorism based on the ideas of “Preventive diplomacy” and “Preemptive Strike”. Meanwhile, with the development of globalization, no country is capable to address the challenges like financial crisis, climate change, energy shortage, terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) alone. With “EU-China Strategic Partnership” EU and China European countries and China work together not only for balancing the US unilateralism but also for build-up paradigm in term of regional cooperation which could be regarded as a new kind of soft power. In this context, the idea of balance of power is to be included by soft and hard power, which is discussing as smart power.
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"Intermediary arrangement between joint venture partners: study of the role of Hong Kong partners in sino-Japanese joint ventures." 1999. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5889913.
Full textAbstract:
by Chan Tsz Fai.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-136).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
ABSTRACT --- p.iii
撮要 --- p.v
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi
LIST OF TABLES --- p.x
Chapter CHAPTER I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter CHAPTER II --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.6
Contemporary IJVs in China --- p.6
Prior Analysis of IJV Partnership and Performance --- p.9
Definition of JVs Partnership --- p.9
Performance --- p.10
Relationship between Partnership and Performance --- p.10
Japanese Investment in China --- p.12
IJVs Problem in China: A Global Perspective --- p.15
Cultural Differences --- p.16
Language Barrier --- p.18
Cross Cultural Negotiation Style --- p.19
Management Style --- p.20
Government Policies --- p.22
Disparate Management Style between Foreign-Chinese IJVs Partnership --- p.23
Chinese Enterprises with Foreign Exchange Shortages --- p.25
Lack of Strong Technology Base of Chinese Enterprises --- p.26
Inadequate Infrastructure Support --- p.31
Hong Kong Firms' Advantage in Interconnecting Economic and Socio-Cultural Systems between the East and the West --- p.35
The Role of Hong Kong Companies: the Source of Boosting the Competitive Advantage of Future Foreign-Chinese Joint Venture --- p.35
Intermediary Organization --- p.37
Hong Kong: as an Economic Center for Trade and Investment to China --- p.40
The Japan --- p.41
China --- p.42
"Opportunities, Geographical Location and Human Factors have Brought About Hong Kong's Unique Status and Role in China's Opening Up" --- p.42
"Similarity Between Hong Kong, China and The West (Japan)" --- p.43
Trade Policy --- p.43
Language --- p.44
Geographical Proximity --- p.44
Infrastructure --- p.45
"Similarity in Cultural Systems Between Hong Kong, China and the West" --- p.45
Why the Intermediary Organization Formed: The Theory of International Trade in Intermediary Services --- p.50
Decentralization and Intermediation --- p.51
Hong Kong Firm as a Facilitator --- p.52
Chapter (1) --- Hong Kong as a Local Conduit/Gateway to the Local Market --- p.52
Chapter (2) --- Hong Kong as a Location for Different Kind of Firms --- p.56
Chapter (3) --- Hong Kong as a Training Center for Foreign and Chinese Expatriates --- p.57
Chapter (4) --- Hong Kong as Versatile Chinese Experts for Both Foreign and Chinese Firms --- p.59
Chapter (5) --- Hong Kong as a Source of Availability of Professional Firm --- p.60
Chapter (6) --- Hong Kong as a Trading and Infrastructure Center of China Trade --- p.61
Hong Kong as a Financier --- p.62
Chapter (1) --- Hong Kong Firm as the Leading Role in Syndicating Loans --- p.64
Chapter (2) --- Hong Kong Firm as an Investor --- p.65
Hong Kong firm as Packager and Integrator --- p.66
Technological Propensity --- p.67
Flexible Response in Their Strategies --- p.68
Packaging and Integration Capability --- p.68
Hong Kong as a Trading Partner --- p.69
Chapter (1) --- Hong Kong as a Supply Source of Commodities-Domestic Export to China --- p.70
Chapter (2) --- Hong Kong as a Consumer of Chinese Goods --- p.72
Hong Kong as Middleman --- p.73
Significance of Entrepot Trade (Re-export) --- p.73
The Prospect of the Hong Kong Firms as a Middleman --- p.74
Summary --- p.75
Chapter CHAPTER III --- HYPOTHESES DEVELOPMENT --- p.79
Hypothesis 1 --- p.83
Hypothesis 2 --- p.85
Comparison of IJVs' Performance in Non-metropolitan Regions against Metropolitan regions: Do Hong Kong Firms Really Help the Japanese and Chinese IJVs --- p.85
Hypothesis 3 (a) --- p.87
Hypothesis 3 (b) --- p.89
Hypothesis 3 (c) --- p.91
Chapter CHAPTER IV --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.93
Sample --- p.93
The Database of Japanese Entries --- p.93
Measurement --- p.95
Dependent Variables --- p.95
Independent Variables --- p.96
Subsidiary Type --- p.96
Regional Variable --- p.97
Chapter CHAPTER V --- DATA ANALYSIS --- p.99
Chapter CHAPTER VI --- FINDING AND DISCUSSION --- p.103
Evaluation of Hypotheses --- p.103
Interfirm diversity and Performance --- p.104
Local Familiarity and Performance --- p.105
Challenges to Hong Kong firms as an Intermediators --- p.108
The Short-sight of Hong Kong Manufacturers --- p.113
Chapter CHAPTER VII --- CONCLUSION --- p.119
Implication of Hong Kong Enterprises --- p.120
Implication for Theory Development --- p.122
Limitations --- p.123
REFERENCES --- p.128
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Chang, Hsiao-an, and 張孝安. "China’s Energy Strategy in Africa : The competition between the USA and China." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/676rup.
Full text
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Lin, Song-Huann. "The relations between the Republic of China and the Republic of South Africa, 1948-1998." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/22924.
Full textAbstract:
To date, no in-depth analysis has been made of the diplomatic relations that existed between the Republic of South Africa (RSA) and the Republic of China on Taiwan (ROC) from 1976 to 1997. Current scholarly works on relations between the two countries tend to oversimplify the forces that drew the two countries into close association during the said period, and presume that ROC-RSA bilateral relations were merely the result on the mutual pariah status of both states. In addition, several common misconceptions regarding the nature of ROC-RSA relations are recurrent in the existing research. This thesis, therefore, examines the development of ROA-RSA relations and interactions from the eve of the ROC government’s relocation to Taiwan in 1948 to the severance of ROC-RSA diplomatic relations in 1998 against the background of the overall historical circumstances of both countries. This study argues that the factors in the formation of ROC-RSA ties are manifold and a result of the convergence of anti-communist ideologies and common interests. Pariah status and international ostracism are only part of the array of complex factors. Efforts are made to investigate the historical conditions, foreign policy objectives and national interests that helped cement diplomatic relations, as well as the extent of co-operation in the complete spectrum of ROC-RSA relations, including economic and cultural relations, and military and nuclear collaborations. These various aspects are explored in order to give a fuller picture of ROC-RSA tenses and limitations of these relations are analysed. Furthermore, the causes that led to South Africa’s switch of diplomatic recognition to the People’s Republic of China(PRC) and the prospects of future relations between the ROC and the RSA are also studied.Thesis (DPhil (History))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Historical and Heritage Studies
Unrestricted
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Chaparadza, Rudo Lavender. "China in Africa: an analysis of the bilateral relations between China and Angola over the past ten years." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/10452.
Full textAbstract:
The beginning of the 21st century coincided with China‟s “going global” strategy. During this period, China increased its engagement with many African countries and this was particularly driven by the need to secure its energy resources and markets. China‟s engagements with African countries coincided with the end of the protracted civil war in Angola which brought about a significant shift in the geopolitical dynamics in Southern Africa. During this period Angola embarked on a national reconstruction programme to repair its infrastructure which had been damaged by the war. As the country could not find any help from western countries and international financial organisations, China came to its rescue by providing large sums of oil-backed loans. As a result trade figures rose between the two with China becoming the largest importer of Angolan oil and a major player in the reconstruction of Angola, thus significantly contributing to Angola„s post-war growth. This paper will demonstrate that oil is the basis of economic ties between the two countries today and that Chinese investments in Angola, especially those in the construction sector, have positively impacted on the Angolan economy and the Angolan population at large. The study also highlights the negative effects of the relationship between the two and also makes recommendations on how both countries can maximise on the existing relationship
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Kole, Olaotse John. "Partnership policing between the South African Police Service and the private security industry in reducing crime in South Africa." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19153.
Full textAbstract:
In South Africa, there are high numbers of criminal incidents that are reported to the police every year. Crime prevention needs different stakeholders to work together in order to reduce crime. The South African Police Service (SAPS) looks after the interests of all citizens while the Private Security Industry (PSI) looks after the interests of their paying clients. Only people who can afford to pay extra ‘private’ protection services that are rendered by private security service providers use these services. In this manner, the PSI is a very important stakeholder in crime reduction. Of critical importance is the effective collaboration between the PSI and SAPS in combating crime.
The mixed methods approach was used in this study: qualitative (focus group discussions which were only used by the researcher to familiarise himself with the topic being studied and one-on-one interviews with the members of top management from both PSI and the SAPS) and quantitative (questionnaires completed by members of the PSI and members of SAPS from operational levels). The study revealed the following:
• There are barriers to more effective partnership policing between the SAPS and PSI in combating crime. These barriers came from both sides (SAPS and PSI) whereby the SAPS are said to be looking down on PSI and taking time to respond to the crime scenes when called upon. On the other hand, the manner in which the security members behave on the crime scene was said to be problematic;
• Lack of effective control of PSI by the regulating body makes it easy for fly-by-night security companies to operate in South Africa hence tarnishing the image of the PSI;
• There is a need to give additional legal powers to the deserving private security officers, after thorough training, in order to qualify them as Peace Officers so as to strengthen their role in crime prevention in areas where they do not render their security services as opposed to the citizens powers that the private security officers have as outlined in section 42 of the Criminal Procedure Act No. 51 of 1977;
• The Memorandum of Understanding between the SAPS and PSI should be formulated by the crime prevention stakeholders in order to combat crime effectively;
• The security training should be improved in order to enable the security officers to help police combat crime effectively.
Based on the research findings, the recommendations were formulated which, hopefully, would help the stakeholders to improve their roles in crime prevention.Criminology and Security Science
D. Litt. et Phil. (Criminology)
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Lee, Chien Chang, and 李建樟. "A Study about the Business Performance of Supply Chain Strategy with the Business Performance of Partnership between Taiwan & China." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90712227478954622421.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立彰化師範大學
工業教育與技術學系
94
The purpose of this study about the business performance of supply chain strategy with the business performance of partnership between Taiwan & China. The theory and initial questionnaire of this study were schemed on literature reviews. Besides, the questionnaire was modified by six scholars and experts working in manufacturing industries, then the final version of the questionnaire were ensured. 360 Questionnaires were randomly sent to employees working in manufacturing industries who in charged with supply chain businesses in Taiwan and the Mainland China. 206 questionnaires were replied while 172 of them were valid and the valid respond rate was 47.80%. The statistic methods introduced in this study were t-test, one-way ANOVA, stepwise-regression. The findings are as followed. 1.“Channel” of supply chain strategy in manufacturing industry had the best achievement. 2.As to the accomplishment of partnership in the entire manufacturing industry, enterprises could have “commitment relationships” with their partners and act as service-based partners. 3.“Client service” of business performance indexes in manufacturing industry had the best achievement. 4.“Channel” of supply chain strategy was practiced most thoroughly in manufacturing industry in Taiwan. 5.As to the accomplishment of partnership in the manufacturing industry in Taiwan, enterprises could have “knowing relationships” with their partners and act as service-based partners. 6.“Internal process” of business performance indexes was practiced most thoroughly in manufacturing industry in Taiwan. 7.“Production” of supply chain strategy was practiced most thoroughly in manufacturing industry in China. 8.As to the accomplishment of partnership in the manufacturing industry in China, enterprises could have “commitment relationships” with their partners. 9.As to the accomplishment of supply chain in the manufacturing industry in China, “client service index” had the best achievement. 10.Except “outsourcing strategy”, the implementation of supply chain strategy could positively helps the construction of partnership. 11.Implementing supply chain strategy positively helps in all respects to business performance. 12.Implementing partnership positively helps in all respects to business performance 13.Supply chain strategy, partnership, and business performance promote in all respects.
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Huang, Chien-Chen, and 黃建誠. "A Study on Strategic Alliance Partner Selection in Medical Tourism: Case of Partnership Between Enterprises of Taiwan and Mainland China." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/unaj47.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
觀光事業學系
103
Tourism industry is not only to promote economic development, but also bring consid-erable economic benefits. Among them, the medical tourism industry has the great po-tential development. Moreover, Taiwan has a lot of attractive factors to Mainland China tourists, for example, the language, life and culture, high-quality and low-price of special treatment in diseases. Those environmental conditions create a good vision to Taiwan's medical tourism. The medical institutions and suppliers and tourism manager from every country also play an important role in this industry. However, these strategic alliance partners in medical tourism services are lack of a clear set of selection criteria to provide medical tourism industry has been based on the selection of strategic alliances partners. The study is divided into three steps. There were in-depth interview with twenty-three expert from travel agency and medical industry and academic between Taiwan and mainland China. The study found that the most of the three critical selection criteria are “business reputation”, “technology and resources”, and “market positioning”. The results will help the medical tourism industry between Taiwan and Mainland China can have an obvious standard to select strategic alliance partners. At the same time, the results can also help managers to have a clear direction and basis on the selection. Finally, the re-sults of this study can also help Taiwan's government to promote the strategic planning of medical tourism and set up the related regulations.
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Sandigo, Roberto Carlos Bendana, and 卞洛培. "Perspectives on Strategic Partnership between the Republic of Nicaragua and the Republic of China (Taiwan), specifically bilateral trade relations, 2008-2012." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7j6ss4.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
亞洲研究所數位學習碩士在職專班
102
This analysis Master''s main objective is to address and highlight the significant value and importance to acquire the relations political-diplomatic, economic, health, education and culture as a whole, specifically the commercial relations between the Republic of Nicaragua and the Republic of China (Taiwan) during 2008-2012. From the 2008-2012 five-year status of these relations as a whole, specifically trade between the two nations could escalate further strengthened existing commercial or identify new niches, not only with the Republic of China (Taiwan) but also with other friendly countries in the Asian region such as Japan and South Korea, based on the unique geographical location of the Island of Formosa in the Taiwan Strait and the central and coveted position of Nicaragua in the heart of the Americas.
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Dube, Sandile Sean. "The impact of exchange rate volatility on international trade between South Africa, China and USA : the case of the manufacturing sector." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12302.
Full textAbstract:
M.Com. (Financial Economics)The main objective of this mini dissertation is to examine the effect of exchange rate volatility on international trade. The finding of this mini dissertation is however that the impact of exchange rate volatility on international trade could be either positive or negative depending on various reasons that will be discussed when the arguments of the theorists that have either found a positive, negative and sometimes indeterminate effect of exchange rate volatility on international trade are discussed. The focus of this mini dissertation will be on the manufacturing trade between the Republic of South Africa with the United States and China. The need for an analysis of exchange rate volatility on international trade arises from the fact that firstly no consensus has been reached on the true effect of exchange rate volatility on international trade and secondly knowledge of what the true effect of exchange rate volatility is on international trade could assist in drafting the appropriate policies at government level. The finding of this mini dissertation represents a challenge for policy recommendations as it reflects the fact that various industries, sectors and subsectors of the economy of the Republic of South Africa are impacted differently by the volatility of the Rand/Yuan and Rand/Dollar exchange rates, respectively, therefore any policy that is drawn up to improve international trade needs to be done on an individual basis for each industry, sector and subsector respectively taking into account the various dynamics and characteristics of each. Firstly in the literature review a detailed discussion of both sides of the exchange rate volatility debate will be outlined. It would be shown why there is a lack of consensus when it comes to the issue of what effect exchange rate volatility has on international trade. On the one hand the argument of those suggest that exchange rate volatility hampers international trade or has a negative effect on international trade, such as Sekantsi, (2008); Onafowora and Owoye, (2008); Chit, (2010); Vergil, (2008); Arize et al, (2000); Arize and Malindretos, (2002); Klaasen, (2004) and Doganlar, (2002), will be reviewed. The argument of those that say that in fact exchange rate volatility has no impact on international trade, such as Raddatz, (2008); Frankel, (2007); Arize and Malindretos, (2002); Arize et al, (2000); Klaasen, (2004); Chowdhury, (1993) and Hassan and Sukar, (1999), will also be reviewed. This discussion and the results that arise from exploring this debate have very important implications on the recommendations that are passed on to government to be considered when drafting policies, such as the New Growth Path (NGP). Secondly when the background of the manufacturing industry in South Africa is discussed, all the initiatives and policies such as the NGP that government has planned and put in place in order to rejuvenate the manufacturing industry will be outlined. The impact of exchange rate volatility on international trade has a direct impact on these policies. Recommendations regarding how best enhance the policies to rejuvenate the manufacturing industry cannot be possibly made when consensus about the impact of exchange rate volatility has not be reached. For this reason it was it imperative that the true impact of exchange rate volatility on international trade be made clear.
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Chen, Xiyu [Verfasser]. "From political alliance in China's conception to comprehensive partnership in building : the relations between China and the European Community, European Union / Xiyu Chen." 2003. http://d-nb.info/973934883/34.
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Cheng, Chien-Wu, and 鄭健吾. "A Study of the Military Diplomacy between the Republic of China and the Republic of South Africa." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24423950987280440964.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國防大學政治作戰學院
政治研究所
102
This study explores the process of diplomatic ties between the ROC and the RSA from the perspective of military diplomacy. Past studies on Taiwan’s relationships with Vietnam and some Latin American countries from the same perspective discovered that military diplomacy is an effective option when formal diplomacy fails. The purpose of this paper is to take a look at the backgrounds and causes of the diplomatic ties between Taiwan and South Africa, the defense ministry’s policies, exchange programs, difficulties and challenges during this period, and the results of such practices. Using literature analysis and in-depth interviews, this study compares and analyzes the collected data to retrieve the truth buried in history and finds that programs such as weapon exchanges, personnel training, naval visits, and the National Construction Courses are effective means to strengthen the relationship between Taiwan and other countries.
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Kreidl, Dominik. "Rozvojová spolupráce jako nástroj zahraniční politiky: EU vs. Čína v Africe." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-415116.
Full textAbstract:
The main topic of this thesis is the use of development cooperation as an instrument of foreign policy of the People's Republic of China (China) and the European Union (EU) in Africa. The aim of this diploma thesis was to find out whether the development cooperation policy of China, respectively the EU with African countries, is motivated rather by pragmatic or normative interests. In order to answer this research question, a qualitative content analysis was applied, in which the documents of these two actors were examined. The main theoretical concept of this diploma thesis is the concept of normative power, which served as an indicator of normative interests. In the case of the EU, the hypothesis that the EU would primarily act as a normative power in development cooperation, i.e. that it would be interested in disseminating its norms in the international system, has not been confirmed. The results of the content analysis reveal that pragmatic interests prevail in the development cooperation between the EU and African countries. In the case of China's involvement in development cooperation, the results of the analysis reveal that the main motivations within this policy are mainly normative interests, i.e. the interests of disseminating its norms in the international politics.
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Venter, Rentia. "The relationship between innovation ability and business network utilisation in emerging economies." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27175.
Full textAbstract:
It is well accepted in business practice that there are advantages for individuals and organisations in utilising their relationship networks for the purposes of personal and business advancement. Furthermore, the need for firms to develop the ability to innovate products, processes and positions to remain competitive is welldocumented. The purpose of this research was to make an academic contribution to the body of knowledge of the relationship between networking and innovation in firms operating in emerging economies.The research drew on the previous understanding of theories of business networks and innovation, and in some respects drew from relevant empirical studies from emerging economies. The literature review identified key concepts and business network descriptors to be used in the data analysis.Secondary data (using survey methodology) from the European Union INGINEUS project [No 225368] was used for this analysis. Using 720 responses, the data was analysed to investigate possible associations between each set of business network descriptors and innovation. This analysis was then expanded to build a regression model, revealing empirical evidence of significant relationships between some of the sub-variables for Country, Company structure, Collaboration type and Linkage type with Level of innovation. From this, key recommendations could be inferred for policymakers, business managers and entrepreneurs.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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Bertow, Kerstin [Verfasser]. "Trade policy between European Union and African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) countries : agriculture in the negotiations on economic partnership agreements in Southern Africa / vorgelegt von Kerstin Bertow." 2009. http://d-nb.info/997130369/34.
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Teixeira, Ricardo Da Silva. "Regulating the conversion of par value shares into shares without par value : a comparison between the law of Hong Kong and South Africa." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11025.
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Kao, Chia Hung, and 高嘉鴻. "Cross-Straits Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA)Is it Panacea or Poisons Pill to Taiwan Economy?A Comparison Based on Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) Between Hong Kong and China." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72794287021124353970.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
企業管理碩士學程
100
Abstract Ever since United States and Canada had signed U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement on 1988, the development of regional free trade agreements (FTA) has been widely spread. Over the past two decades, unprecedented proliferation of FTA to promote regional economic integration has been observed. The formation of FTA was aimed for economic integration between the parties that’s involved. Benefits of FTA include secure markets and providing export opportunities for domestic companies by dismantling the trade barriers between the participating nations. The importance of secure markets as a motive for participating in FTAs has become even greater as regionalism has expanded. This because the greater tendency towards, regionalism means the potential loss of market opportunity as a result of being excluded from a regional free trade agreement, also known as the marginalization effect, has become an increasing serious issue. Taiwan is an island with economy that’s heavily depends on exports for economic development and growth. Since its accession to WTO in January 2002, Taiwan has begun to conduct FTA negotiation with other WTO members. However, Taiwan was unable to secure FTA with any of its major partners, such as U.S., EU, and ASEAN. Even though Taiwan tried to conclude or to begin negotiation with other countries and other trade areas, Taiwan is suffering from China’s political isolation policy. Thus, in the East Asia region, Taiwan and North Korea are the only two Asian countries that are excluded from the regional economic integration. On June 29, 2010, Taiwan and China have finally come to an agreement and signed their version of FTA. It is so called the Cross-Straits Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA). The ECFA is a landmark agreement between the two political rivals since the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949. Nevertheless, the focal point for Taiwan is its attempt to prevent itself from marginalization with the composition of FTAs within its neighboring region. With ECFA signed and become effective, Taiwan is facing new opportunities and challenges in the regional integration as well as global trade. The objective of this case study is to evaluate the implications of ECFA based on the comparison and contrast with CEPA, the FTA signed between Hong Kong and China. Further, an analysis of what ECFA had (not) achieved on Taiwan economy thus far. Finally, since ECFA is part of the East Asian regional economic integration trend that started off by the formation of ASEAN FTA, the marginalization effect based on trade figures with ASEAN will also be analyzed.
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Sibanda, Bhekimpilo. "The relationship between literacy levels and parental involvement in secondary schools in Libode District, Eastern Cape." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20297.
Full textAbstract:
In this research, I endeavoured to ascertain how the literacy levels of parents relate to parental involvement in the education of their children in Libode district in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.
The methodology was qualitative and it included focus group and individual interviews. Specifically, there were four focus groups where each comprised of four parents. A total of thirteen individual interviews were conducted with eight learners and four Heads of Departments (HoD). The results indicated that the literacy level of parents can have a negative or positive impact in their children’s education. Recommendations were made and directions were given regarding the implementation of the programmes that would improve parents’ literacy and result in effective parental involvement, ensuring an improved learner performance.
According literature, parental participation plays a role in the performance of children at school. Research shows that effective parental involvement programmes use personal contact, cultural sensitivity, accommodation and communication to reach parents and learners. The study revealed that parents with a higher level of literacy tend to participate in the school activities and support their children more than those parents with a low literacy level. The programmes that were put in place by the schools and other stakeholders improved the literacy levels of most parents that took part and enabled them to assist their children with homework. Parents’ level of literacy, according to the study,has an impact in the manner in which they get involved in their children’s education. Parents with low literacy levels seem to be willing to be involved in the education of their children but find it very difficult to do so. Parents with low literacy levels find it difficult to assist their children at home as they rely on siblings and neighbours for assistance. According to the study, parents only visit the school when they are invited. However, parents and schools seem to have a good relationship showing positive attitude towards their children’s education.Parents of low literacy levels attach a value to the education of their children even though they cannot assist them with homework. Recommendations were made and guidelines were given regarding the implementation of programmes that would improve the literacy in parents and result in effective parental involvement. Effective parental involvement would ensure an improved learner performance.
Volunteer teachers should be used to assist schools in helping parents improve their literacy levels. Reluctant parents should be identified and provided with guidance and direction as to how they can be involved to assist their children. Teachers, through the schools, must make special efforts to keep regular contact with parents. Schools should be familiar with the learners’ backgrounds in order to respond effectively to any particular needs in assisting the learners and parents where necessary. Working parents should be accommodated in the school by holding school meetings during the weekends so that they can be in a better position to attend these meetings. Schools should ensure the maximization of parents’ participation in school activities.Educational Leadership and Management
M. Ed. (Education Management)