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Journal articles on the topic 'Partnership between China and Africa'

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1

Leigh Fennel, Vera. "The Long March from Bandung: The Ghost of the Bandung Spirit in Contemporary Relations between China and Africa." Global South Review 2, no. 2 (2017): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/globalsouth.28867.

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When Chinese President Hu Jintao (胡锦涛) gave the opening address at the Jakarta reception of the Asian-African Business Summit (亚非商业峰会) in 2005, he characterized contemporary relations between China and various African states thusly “[In] the world today, economic globalization is further developing…[this] presents Asian and African countries with rare opportunities as well as severe challenges…. [We] must…develop a new type of strategic partnership between Asia and Africa...to carry on the Bandung spirit and contribute to the continuous progress in Asia and Africa”. The importance of the Bandu
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Gurjar, Sankalp. "India–Africa Oil Partnership in the New Millennium." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 74, no. 2 (2018): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928418766733.

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The nature of relationship between India–Africa has been simultaneously asymmetric as well as complementary. It is reflected in Indo-African oil relationship. In this oil relationship, India and Africa gain and loose at different period of time depending on the global oil prices. Higher oil prices put India at a disadvantageous position, whereas lower oil prices are not beneficial for oil producing and exporting states of Africa. Over the years, India has built oil ties, among others, with Nigeria, Sudan, South Sudan and Angola. By and large, Indo-African oil relations have witnessed a steady
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Atif, Muhammad, and Muqarrab Akbar. "BRICS and African Region Partnership: Challenges and Opportunities." Global Political Review IV, no. IV (2019): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2019(iv-iv).07.

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BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) has amplified its regional and global impact. The economic success of BRICS is a motivation to Africa because BRICS and African region have a similar historical background. The partnership between Africa and the BRICS has extended fresh drive and created ample interest in last decades because BRICS is playing an important role in international trade, investment and global governance. Growing economic relations of the BRICS with African region can be exemplary for global world. These relations are prospective of a suitable way of economic ch
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4

de Jonge, Alice. "Australia-China-Africa investment partnerships." critical perspectives on international business 12, no. 1 (2016): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-01-2014-0003.

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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the potential for “triangular cooperation” between investment partners from Australia, China and host African nations to contribute to the economic development in Africa. Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses a number of complementarities between Australian and Chinese investors in mining, agriculture, energy, research and education and finance – sectors vital to Africa’s future development. These complementarities are examined in light of recent development studies on the benefits of triangular cooperation and recent literature examining links
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5

Usman, Sahibzada Muhammad, and Zekun Lyu. "Sino-Africa relations: Gradual changes in Chinese foreign strategy towards African countries." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 5, no. 1 (2021): 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/5.1.11.

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China is one of the world's foremost economic powers, affecting many countries' economies and political issues. China standing by the five principles of peaceful coexistence, is ready to cultivate friendly cooperation and ties with all countries that contribute to international peace, security, and mutual prosperity. Africa is an important factor for global stability and prosperity with the highest number of developing countries. Africa is still of considerable significance to the Chinese Government. Therefore, the Chinese government wishes to present China's African strategy and its action to
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Smit, P. F. "Afro-Chinese partnership in missions. A similar history, a shared vision." Verbum et Ecclesia 19, no. 1 (1998): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v19i1.1155.

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In this article the possibilities of a shared mission vision and praxis between African and Chinese Christians are considered. The possibility of such an endeavour lies in the respective histories of Africa and the Chinese people as well as in a similar vision for the Church of Christ on earth. Powerful forces, of which European colonialism is probably the most important, have shaped African and Chinese Christian’s view of mission and the church. After a quick tour through the history of mission in Africa and China, the potentials and pitfalls of such a shared mission program are discussed.
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Farooq, Muhammad Sabil, Nazia Feroze, and Yuan Tong Kai. "An Analysis of China and Africa Relations with Special Focus on ‘One Belt and One Road’." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 75, no. 3 (2019): 366–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928419860919.

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China’s ‘One Belt One Road’ (OBOR) initiative has been billed as its most ambitious project ever in trying to shape and influence behaviour in the international system in line with her growing stature. At the same time, growing Sino-Africa relations have been the subject of scholarly debate with supporters taking an optimistic view, also presented by China itself, of this relationship being a win-win partnership. Critics led by the United States argue China is just using Africa to extract resources for its use, an allegation it refutes. The authors therefore sought to look at Sino-African rela
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8

DZEKASHU, WILLIAM. "China Belt and Road Initiative:." Archives of Business Research 9, no. 5 (2021): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.95.10180.

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Most of Sub-Sahara Africa gained independence from Europe in a wave from 1957 through the late 1980s with the notion that her former colonial masters would be development partners in the newfound era of political, social, and economic freedom. This perception of partnership is evidenced in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, but regrettably, in other countries in the continent, there have been delays in infrastructure development. With Europe’s failure to meet the expectation, Africa has turned to China as a development partner. China has tackled some of the urgent infrastructure needs in
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9

Kohnert, Dirk. "More Equitable Britain-Africa Relations Post-Brexit: Doomed to Fail?" Africa Spectrum 53, no. 2 (2018): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971805300206.

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High-flying illusions on the part of the proponents and grim predictions on the part of the sceptics have characterised the controversy around Brexit. The article assesses five key issues at stake for post-Brexit relationships between Britain, the EU, and Africa: market access, foreign direct investment (FDI), aid, security, and the nature of the partnership. The analysis focuses on those sub-Saharan African countries that belong to the Commonwealth, as the British government's vision of a “Global Britain” relies heavily on its reinforced cooperation with Commonwealth nations. The review of po
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Yoon, Duncan M. "Africa, China, and the Global South Novel: In Koli Jean Bofane’s Congo Inc." Comparative Literature 72, no. 3 (2020): 316–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00104124-8255350.

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Abstract The People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) presence in Africa has fundamentally changed globalization patterns. Most scholarship interrogates whether the Chinese presence is either a “new colonialism” or a “win-win” for development by focusing on economic or social scientific factors. In contrast, this article examines China as a trope in Congo Inc. (2014) by In Koli Jean Bofane. Congo Inc. is one of the first African novels to take the Africa-China relationship as central theme, depicting how Congolese actors negotiate the PRC’s presence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The artic
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Hackenesch, Christine. "Aid Donor Meets Strategic Partner? The European Union's and China's Relations with Ethiopia." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 42, no. 1 (2013): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261304200102.

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The motives, instruments and effects of China's Africa policy have spurred a lively debate in European development policy circles. This paper assesses the “competitive pressure” that China's growing presence in Africa exerts on the European development policy regime. Drawing on interviews conducted in China, Ethiopia and Europe between 2008 and 2011, the paper analyses Ethiopia as a case study. Ethiopia has emerged as one of the most important countries in Chinese as well as European cooperation with Africa. Yet, Chinese and European policies toward Ethiopia differ greatly. The EU mainly engag
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Zhou, Jinyan. "China-UK Cooperation on African Peace and Security." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 06, no. 01 (2020): 103–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740020500049.

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Three major factors have made closer China-UK cooperation on African peace and security not only desirable but also feasible: expanding convergence of outlook and overlap of interests, the pan-African vision of peace and development as outlined in Agenda 2063, and the launch of a global comprehensive strategic partnership between Beijing and London. At the same time, the increasing securitization of Britain’s aid policy, Africans’ growing concern about unwarranted external intervention in continental affairs, and disparate development priorities may present significant challenges for closer tr
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Osei-Kyei, Robert, Albert Chan, Yao Yu, Chuan Chen, Yongjian Ke, and Bashir Tijani. "Social Responsibility Initiatives for Public-Private Partnership Projects: A Comparative Study between China and Ghana." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (2019): 1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051338.

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Sustainability is a global issue and its enhancement through modern forms of procurements, such as public-private partnership (PPP), has become topical considering the huge impact of PPP activities on society, the economy, and the environment. However, one way of promoting sustainability thorough PPPs is the adoption of social responsibility (SR) initiatives/factors. This paper aims to empirically investigate the SR factors in PPPs through a comparative study between China and Ghana. An empirical questionnaire survey was conducted in both China and Ghana. Further, the mean score ranking, Kenda
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Adeniran, Adebusuyi Isaac. "Repository Africa in the Evolving “Chinese Century”: The Uneven Sino-Nigerian Water Conservation Partnership." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 46, no. 3 (2017): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261704600302.

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Although extant reconstruction of the limits of international development practice has been implicated in the budding involvement of China in Africa, debates on China's actual intents and prospects have continued to rage. Engaging an exploratory design and a political-ecology approach, which affirms the significance of human factors in contextualising, structuring, and contesting the natural world, this study assesses specific short-term and long-term outcomes of China's Gansu-modelled water conservation project in Kano, Nigeria. The shared ecological interface between China and Nigeria has fa
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Zhu, Xia, and Gladson Chikwa. "An Exploration of China-Africa Cooperation in Higher Education: Opportunities and Challenges in Open Distance Learning." Open Praxis 13, no. 1 (2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.13.1.1154.

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Cognisant of the wide range of cooperation between China and Africa and the existing strong Sino-African relationship, this article explores the international cooperation between Africa and China in the higher education domain, especially in the field of Open Distance Learning (ODL). The study employed data triangulation relying on both secondary and primary sources to address the main research questions. It sheds light on the development of ODL in Chinese Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) with a focus on professional development of university teachers. The article argues that ODL is crucia
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Tolstov, Serhii. "The EU’s Foreign Policy Towards African Countries." European Historical Studies, no. 7 (2017): 17–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2017.07.17-44.

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The article presents a review of the EU policy towards the African states in the early 21st century. It covers the main aspects and priorities of the EU’s relations with the countries of the region, including enhanced political dialogue, development assistance, migration control, negotiations on the new type of economic agreements. The goals and principles of the EU-AU cooperation were outlined in the Joint Strategy signed in Lisbon in December 2007. The strategic partnership relations envisage the EU’s assistance to the African states aimed at the development, security cooperation, the preven
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Kheyfets, B. A., and V. Yu Chernova. "The Role of Russia in the Development of Integration Processes in Emerging Markets." Economy of Region 16, no. 2 (2020): 625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/2020-2-22.

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Due to post-crisis slowdown in globalization, there is a necessity to structurally transform the Russian economy, strengthen the existing strategic partnerships and explore new economic growth points. Thus, the paper substantiates the importance of Russia’s participation in macro-regional economic associations. We examine the problems and risks of partnership development between the countries. Based on a mutual trade significance index, we analyse the importance of trade between the Russian Federation and the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), BRICS (Brazil, India, China and Sout
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18

Cossa, José. "Power Dynamics in International Negotiations toward Equitable Policies, Partnerships, and Practices: Why it Matters for Africa, the Developing World, and their Higher Education Systems." African and Asian Studies 12, no. 1-2 (2013): 100–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341253.

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Abstract Based on lessons learned from examining the relationship between several international organizations and African higher education, this paper unveils the subtleties and complexities of power dynamics in negotiations, provides illustrative cases to enhance such understanding, discusses the implications of power dynamics in negotiations over higher education policy, and provides a glimpse at the necessary ingredients to build sustainable and healthy international partnerships. Based in a conceptual framework of power dynamics, the paper hinges on international regimes for its theoretica
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Dzekashu, William G., and Julius N. Anyu. "China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Will it Make or Mar Development in the Central and West Africa Subregions?" Journal of Public Administration and Governance 10, no. 4 (2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v10i4.17876.

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The West, chiefly Europe, left political footmarks in Africa from the Colonial Era, along with varying economic footprints and surviving engagements in the immediate Post-colonial Era. However, the relationships between Africa and her former colonial masters have hardly yielded much to the former following the wave of independence, leading to the perception of failed relationships. This perception of failure to deliver on their undertakings has left Africa with only one option—China. The latter has been addressing some of Africa’s urgent infrastructure needs in return for natural resources and
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Dheani, Catharina. "One Belt One Road and Global Maritime Fulcrum: Between Contradictions and Harmony." Jurnal Sentris 2, no. 2 (2020): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v2i2.4139.57-65.

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A story of connectivity, part of the international diplomatic arena with routes, hubs, and corridors has been set as the mantra of the Belt and the Road of China. In 2013, when China’s paramount leader, Mr. Xi took a visit in mostly Central Asia and Southeast Asia, he initiatively proposed to build the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. It is then being abbreviated as OBOR (One Belt One Road) which represents China’s audacious vision to transform political region in Europe, Africa, and Asia for decades to come. The initiative absolutely calls for a greater integra
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Dzekashu, William G., and Julius N. Anyu. "China Belt and Road Initiative: Give-and-Take of Infrastructure Development in the North Africa Subregion." World Journal of Business and Management 7, no. 1 (2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/wjbm.v7i1.18258.

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It is not a secret that Africa is richly endowed with raw materials, which has raised the stakes for foreign interests. The amplification of these riches has created a sense of urgency in developed nations to enter partnerships to have access to the resources. North Africa, though more advance than its sub-Saharan neighbors falls in the essential corridor of the Belt and Roads Initiative (BRI); and thus, requires infrastructure improvement to meet the overall BRI agenda. This yearning for infrastructure development in Africa has generally been met by China’s search for natural resources. The B
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Radziyevska, Svitlana, and Ivan Us. "Regionalization of the world as the key to sustainable future." E3S Web of Conferences 166 (2020): 13016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016613016.

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Globalization is viewed not only as the objective, but also as the subjective process, the current version of which requires adjustments since it is characterized by the increasing inequalities and instability, causing conflicts worldwide, pushing regional groups towards confrontations. Globalization is to be directed for achieving the equitable levels of development across the globe for which it is suggested to establish the situational governing board as the common platform for collaboration between the regional blocs for global economy regulation. The notions of the regional state and the g
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Adunbi, Omolade. "(Re)inventing development: China, infrastructure, sustainability and special economic zones in Nigeria." Africa 89, no. 4 (2019): 662–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972019000846.

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AbstractThis article interrogates the introduction of special economic zones (SEZs) in Nigeria with an emphasis on the establishment of the Lekki free trade zone (FTZ) in May 2006 by the Lagos State government in partnership with a Chinese consortium, and of the Ogun-Guandong FTZ in Igbesa, Ogun State by the Ogun State government. The aim of the Lekki FTZ, Ogun-Guandong FTZ and other SEZs is to transform Lagos and Ogun states into the manufacturing hub of West Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. These economic zones in Nigeria encompass oil and gas, manufacturing, retail, real estate, and other anc
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Kuznetsov, A. V. "LIMITS OF INTERACTION OF RUSSIAN AND CHINESE BUSINESS IN THE COUNTRIES OF EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 10, no. 5 (2017): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2017-10-5-15-29.

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The article is dedicated to the possibility of joining the Russian and Chinese integration initiatives on the EEU space from the side of business-actors. The author stresses the necessity for a wider type of analysis, which would not be limited by such narrow research object as perspectives of the so-called Silk Road Economic Belt. The study is based on the statistic analysis of the partnerstates foreign trade and official information, as well as expert evaluation of the investments` scale and structure. Besides, the author collected data about the direct investment provided by Chinese and Rus
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Kankanam Pathiranage, Heshan Sameera, Huilin Xiao, and Weifeng Li. "The impact of institutional distance on sustainable investment: evidence from China’s Belt and Road Initiative." Nankai Business Review International 11, no. 4 (2020): 485–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-04-2020-0014.

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Purpose In an attempt to satisfy the desire to become a global economic leader, China is working on a series of ambitious deals with several countries. As a major country in a region considered as an emerging market, the immense infrastructure gap that is curtailing trade and accessibility for economic growth has led to major changes in economic policy. The past few decades have seen China invest billions of dollars not only in the developing countries of Africa and Asia but also in other world economic giants of Europe and the USA. China has embarked on a rigorous global effort to close the i
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Lee, Chia-yi. "China's Energy Diplomacy: Does Chinese Foreign Policy Favor Oil-Producing Countries?" Foreign Policy Analysis 15, no. 4 (2019): 570–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fpa/orz011.

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AbstractDue to its rapid economic growth and increasing demand for energy, China has engaged in numerous efforts to sustain its energy supplies and enhance its energy security. While existing literature argues that access to energy is oftentimes the driving force behind Beijing's foreign policy behavior, little work has been done to systemically examine the bilateral relationship between China and energy-producing countries. This paper explores how China's foreign policy making is influenced by its energy security concern, focusing on three foreign policy instruments—partnerships, foreign aid,
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Zdráhal, Ivo, Nahanga Verter, and Věra Bečvářová. "The dynamics of agri-food trade between the EU28 and East African Community (EAC)." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 53, no. 1 (2020): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2020-0005.

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AbstractThe increasing number of regional blocs and interdependence of nations have become important aspects of global economic integration. The European Union (EU28) as one of the most advanced regional bodies has had preferential trade agreements with other regional bodies, such as the East African Community (EAC). Historically, the EU28 has been the EAC’s leading trading partner. Against this background, this paper analyses the dynamics of bilateral trade in agri-food between the two regional blocs for the period 2000–2018, using the battery of empirical tools.The findings indicate that eve
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Zhang, X. "The Coronavirus Will Not Change the long-Term Upward Trend of China’s Economic Development." Finance: Theory and Practice 24, no. 5 (2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2020-24-5-15-23.

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The author investigates the impact of COVID‑19 and macro-policy adjustment on China’s economic development. The aim is to describe the situation and trend of China’s economic development before and after COVID‑19. The research method is the comparative data analysis. The study shows that in response to COVID‑19, the Chinese government, on the one hand, has accelerated its opening-up, taken the opportunity of fighting against the pandemic to provide medical assistance to and cooperate with other countries, and actively promoted the building of a community with a shared future for mankind and th
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Zhang, Yan, Can Li, Nickolay A. Krotkov, Joanna Joiner, Vitali Fioletov, and Chris McLinden. "Continuation of long-term global SO<sub>2</sub> pollution monitoring from OMI to OMPS." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 4 (2017): 1495–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-1495-2017.

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Abstract. Over the past 20 years, advances in satellite remote sensing of pollution-relevant species have made space-borne observations an increasingly important part of atmospheric chemistry research and air quality management. This progress has been facilitated by advanced UV–vis spectrometers, such as the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on board the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura satellite, and continues with new instruments, such as the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) on board the NASA–NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite. In this study, we demo
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Elhakim, Mohamed, Saleh Banoita Tourab, and Ahmed Zouiten. "COVID-19 pandemic in Djibouti: Epidemiology and the response strategy followed to contain the virus during the first two months, 17 March to 16 May 2020." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0243698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243698.

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First cases of COVID-19 were reported from Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and it progressed rapidly. On 30 January, WHO declared the new disease as a PHEIC, then as a Pandemic on 11 March. By mid-March, the virus spread widely; Djibouti was not spared and was hit by the pandemic with the first case detected on 17 March. Djibouti worked with WHO and other partners to develop a preparedness and response plan, and implemented a series of intervention measures. MoH together with its civilian and military partners, closely followed WHO recommended strategy based on four pillars: testing, isolating
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Pérez-Escamilla, Rafael. "Innovative Healthy Lifestyles School-Based Public–Private Partnerships Designed to Curb the Childhood Obesity Epidemic Globally: Lessons Learned From the Mondelēz International Foundation." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 39, no. 1_suppl (2018): S3—S21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572118767690.

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Public–private partnerships (PPPs) have been recognized as central for addressing the childhood obesity epidemic. However, very few real-world examples have been published documenting the workings of effective PPPs. The objective of this article is to identify the factors that enabled the successful implementation of school-based PPPs focusing mainly on nutrition and physical activity in 7 countries located in Asia (China and India), Africa (South Africa), Europe (Germany, United Kingdom), and Latin America (Brazil and Mexico). We triaged qualitative data from (1) proceedings from 2 school-bas
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Shelton, Garth. "China and Africa: Building an economic partnership." South African Journal of International Affairs 8, no. 2 (2001): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10220460109545365.

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Alden, Chris. "China and Africa: A New Development Partnership." Strategic Analysis 32, no. 2 (2008): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09700160801994902.

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Morozkina, Alexandra, and Valentina Skryabina. "BRICS and Partnerships for Sustainable Development: Prospects for Trade with Least Developed Countries." International Organisations Research Journal 16, no. 1 (2021): 85–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2021-01-04.

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The informal BRICS group (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) is actively working to solve the most acute global problems. This is why opportunities for implementing the sustainable development goals (SDGs) at BRICS summits is a topic for urgent research. This article discusses the prospects for achieving SDG 17.11 by the least developed countries (LDCs) in the framework of mutual trade with BRICS. SDG 17.11, unlike other goals, was expected to be achieved in 2020, but World Trade Organization (WTO) estimates for 2018 showed that progress was too slow. Against the sharp drop in inte
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Baboshkin, Pavel. "STRATEGIC ENERGY PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 10, no. 5 (2020): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.9032.

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Forysiński, Wojciech, and Achiri Emmanuel. "EU-Africa Relations: Towards a New Comprehensive Strategy With Africa. Between a Rock and a Hard Place." Przegląd Strategiczny, no. 13 (December 31, 2020): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ps.2020.1.4.

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The European Union has a long history of relations with Africa and Africa has always been a strategic partner for the European Union. Today, however, the European Union’s relations with Africa are at a crossroads and the partnership needs to undergo a profound and rapid change. In order to properly investigate this research problem and to address its research questions concerning the future of the EU-Africa partnership, it is demonstrated that the time has come for change and redefinition of the partnership. Therefore, the overall aim of the article is to provide an insight into the EU’s new p
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Pandey, Vimal Nayan. "Book Review: India, China and Africa: New Partnership in Energy Security." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 67, no. 4 (2011): 388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492841106700412.

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Shelton, Garth. "The FOCAC Process and Sino-African Strategic Partnership." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 02, no. 02 (2016): 259–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740016500123.

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Historical records confirm that China’s increasing engagement with Africa through growing trade and investment has been a major boost for African economies. China’s comprehensive commitment to Africa through the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) has also made significant contribution to Africa’s overall economic development. The constructivist approach underpinning this paper suggests that FOCAC’s evolution can be positively shaped by all active participants toward increased mutual benefit and positive outcomes. With all the consensuses and commitments reached at the Johannesburg FOCAC
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Tawiah, Vincent Konadu, Abdulrasheed Zakari, and Irfan Khan. "The environmental footprint of China-Africa engagement: An analysis of the effect of China – Africa partnership on carbon emissions." Science of The Total Environment 756 (February 2021): 143603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143603.

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Bolt, Paul J. "The New Economic Partnership between China and Singapore." Asian Affairs: An American Review 23, no. 2 (1996): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927678.1996.9933722.

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Shinoda, Sumio. "Special Issue on Infectious Disease Control in SATREPS Projects." Journal of Disaster Research 13, no. 4 (2018): 733–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p0733.

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The Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) is a Japanese government program that promotes international joint research. The program is structured as a collaboration between the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The program includes various fields, such as Environment and Energy, Bioresources, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, and Infectious Disease Control, and a total 52 projects were currently in progress as of May, 2018. It is expected that the promotion of international joint researc
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Dossan, Zhanna. "Kazakh-China Energy Strategic Partnership Deepens." Journal of Politics and Law 13, no. 2 (2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v13n2p122.

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Strategic partnership between Kazakhstan and China has significantly increased in the last two decades. The Sino&amp;ndash;Kazakh bilateral relationship has considerably extended in terms of economic, political and security particularly after the collapse of Soviet Union. Especially both countries have great prospects for cooperation in the energy sphere. But the energy future of these countries carries a great potential for change, which is related to the shortage of global energy resources. Dialogue between the two countries in the sphere of extraction and use of energy resources will be det
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Haibin, Niu. "Emerging global partnership: Brazil and China." Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional 53, spe (2010): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-73292010000300011.

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The Lula era has witnessed a changing bilateral strategic partnership between China and Brazil, having the interlocutions between both countries became more substantial, comprehensive and influential. To enlarge the global impacts of the partnership, both countries should inject more regional and global components into their bilateral agenda. In doing so, both sides need to enhance the ties not only in terms of economic cooperation but also of social interaction
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Ladjevac, Ivona. "The Russia-China strategic partnership." Medjunarodni problemi 67, no. 2-3 (2015): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1503239l.

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The paper investigates whether the strategic alliance of China and Russia could create a sufficient counterbalance to US domination in the Post-Cold War era and to assist positioning of Beijing as a global power on the rise. The rapprochement between Russia and China grew gradually from the stage of political declarations and coordination during the first decade of the twenty-first century into a strategic partnership based on the Treaty on Good-Neighbourliness and Friendly Cooperation of 2001. The author analyses the plausible implications of the Treaty as a framework for the established part
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L., Parkhomchik. "CURRENT PROSPECTS FOR ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA." Journal of Oriental Studies 81, no. 2 (2017): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/jos-2017-2-951.

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KONG, Qingjiang. "Closer Economic Partnership Agreement between China and Hong Kong." China: An International Journal 01, no. 01 (2003): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219747203000098.

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Kong, Qingjiang. "Closer Economic Partnership Agreement between China and Hong Kong." China: An International Journal 1, no. 1 (2003): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/chn.2005.0015.

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Geeraerts, Gustaaf. "The EU-China partnership: balancing between divergence and convergence." Asia Europe Journal 17, no. 3 (2019): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10308-019-00554-2.

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Yu, Xi, Krishna P. Paudel, Dongmei Li, Xiaolei Xiong, and Yanyu Gong. "Sustainable Collaborative Innovation between Research Institutions and Seed Enterprises in China." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (2020): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020624.

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Public research institutions are encouraged to engage in industry sustainable collaboration in China. We develop an analytical framework based on the factor-process-outputs model and use a mechanism model by incorporating four elements (innovation climate, strategic partnership, collaborative mechanism, and the degree of participation) associated with the research institutions and industry collaboration. Using data collected from a face-to-face interview survey of 533 experts located at research institutions in seven Chinese provinces and one municipality who have collaborated with the seed in
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Vorobyov, V. "Russia and China: Building a Trustful Partnership." Journal of International Analytics, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2017-0-1-14-28.

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This brief history of relations between the PRC and the Soviet Union (Russia) traces their evolution, starting with open hostility and ideology-driven debates of the 1960’s through normalization during the Gorbachev era, ending with trustful partnership and strategic cooperation at the turn of the 21st century under Yeltsin and Putin.The central topic is the negotiations of 1964-2004 for the delimitation along the western and eastern parts of the boundary between China and Russia, which ended with signing and ratifying an agreement resolving all territorial disputes and demarcating the boundar
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