Relevant bibliographies by topics / Parvocellular Pathway

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Academic literature on the topic 'Parvocellular Pathway'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 19 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Parvocellular Pathway"

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TING, CHRISTOPHER HIAN-ANN. "MAGNOCELLULAR PATHWAY FOR ROTATION INVARIANT NEOCOGNITRON." International Journal of Neural Systems 04, no. 01 (1993): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065793000067.

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In the mammalian visual system, magnocellular pathway and parvocellular pathway cooperatively process visual information in parallel. The magnocellular pathway is more global and less particular about the details while the parvocellular pathway recognizes objects based on the local features. In many aspects, Neocognitron may be regarded as the artificial analogue of the parvocellular pathway. It is interesting then to model the magnocellular pathway. In order to achieve "rotation invariance" for Neocognitron, we propose a neural network model after the magnocellular pathway and expand its roles to include surmising the orientation of the input pattern prior to recognition. With the incorporation of the magnocellular pathway, a basic shift in the original paradigm has taken place. A pattern is now said to be recognized when and only when one of the winners of the magnocellular pathway is validified by the parvocellular pathway. We have implemented the magnocellular pathway coupled with Neocognitron parallel on transputers; our simulation programme is now able to recognize numerals in arbitrary orientation.
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Momose, K. "Relationship between the Binary Kernels of Visually Evoked Potentials and the Visual Responses on the Magnocellular and Parvocellular Pathways." Methods of Information in Medicine 46, no. 02 (2007): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1625401.

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Summary Objectives : To investigate the nonlinear characteristics of visual evoked potentials (VEPs), and their correlation with the visual responses on parvocellular and magnocellular pathways. First and second-order kernels of the VEPs elicited by several checkerboard patterns were estimated, and their relations to the visual pathway responses were investigated. Methods : VEPs elicited by checkerboard pattern (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 c/d) alternating based on pseudorandom binary sequence were measured, and thei binary kernels were calculated. First and second-order binary kernels were compared with amplitudes o the steady-state VEPs (S-VEPs) to pattern reversal stimulation with a constant temporal frequency (4, 8, 12, 16, and 32 Hz). Results : Positive peak latencies at 150 ms (P150) of second-order first and second slices were correlated with S-VEP amplitude for higher temporal frequencies, indicating that the first and second slices reflect the response of the magnocellular. However, for second and third slices, their amplitudes were partially correlated with 4-16 Hz S-VEP, and this indicated that the second slice contains both magno- and parvocellular pathway responses. P150 latencies of third slices were correlated with S-VEP for lower temporal frequencies, indicating that third slice reflects the response of the parvocellular pathway. Conclusions : The lower slices of second-order binary kernels reflect the response of the magnocellular pathway and the higher slices reflect those on the parvocellular pathway in the human visual system of VEPs.
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Kristensen, Stephanie, Frank E. Garcea, Bradford Z. Mahon, and Jorge Almeida. "Temporal Frequency Tuning Reveals Interactions between the Dorsal and Ventral Visual Streams." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 28, no. 9 (2016): 1295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00969.

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Visual processing of complex objects is supported by the ventral visual pathway in the service of object identification and by the dorsal visual pathway in the service of object-directed reaching and grasping. Here, we address how these two streams interact during tool processing, by exploiting the known asymmetry in projections of subcortical magnocellular and parvocellular inputs to the dorsal and ventral streams. The ventral visual pathway receives both parvocellular and magnocellular input, whereas the dorsal visual pathway receives largely magnocellular input. We used fMRI to measure tool preferences in parietal cortex when the images were presented at either high or low temporal frequencies, exploiting the fact that parvocellular channels project principally to the ventral but not dorsal visual pathway. We reason that regions of parietal cortex that exhibit tool preferences for stimuli presented at frequencies characteristic of the parvocellular pathway receive their inputs from the ventral stream. We found that the left inferior parietal lobule, in the vicinity of the supramarginal gyrus, exhibited tool preferences for images presented at low temporal frequencies, whereas superior and posterior parietal regions exhibited tool preferences for images present at high temporal frequencies. These data indicate that object identity, processed within the ventral stream, is communicated to the left inferior parietal lobule and may there combine with inputs from the dorsal visual pathway to allow for functionally appropriate object manipulation.
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Carther-Krone, Tiffany A., and Jonathan J. Marotta. "The influence of magnocellular and parvocellular visual information on global processing in White and Asian populations." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (2022): e0270422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270422.

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Humans have the remarkable ability to efficiently group elements of a scene together to form a global whole. However, cross-cultural comparisons show that East Asian individuals process scenes more globally than White individuals. This experiment presents new insights into global processing, revealing the relative contributions of two types of visual cells in mediating global and local visual processing in these two groups. Participants completed the Navon hierarchical letters task under divided-attention conditions, indicating whether a target letter “H” was present in the stimuli. Stimuli were either ‘unbiased’, displayed as black letters on a grey screen, or biased to predominantly process low spatial frequency information using psychophysical thresholds that converted unbiased stimuli into achromatic magnocellular-biased stimuli and red-green isoluminant parvocellular-biased stimuli. White participants processed stimuli more globally than Asian participants when low spatial frequency information was conveyed via the parvocellular pathway, while Asian participants showed a global processing advantage when low spatial frequency information was conveyed via the magnocellular pathway, and to a lesser extent through the parvocellular pathway. These findings suggest that the means by which a global processing bias is achieved depends on the subcortical pathway through which visual information is transmitted, and provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between global/local processing, subcortical pathways and spatial frequencies.
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Farrag, A. F., E. M. Khedr, and W. Abel-Naser. "Impaired parvocellular pathway in dyslexic children." European Journal of Neurology 9, no. 4 (2002): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-1331.2002.00410.x.

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Valberg, Arne, and Inger Rudvin. "Possible contributions of magnocellular- and parvocellular-pathway cells to transient VEPs." Visual Neuroscience 14, no. 1 (1997): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800008701.

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AbstractWe have measured transient visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to low-contrast luminance stimuli favoring responses of magnocellular pathway cells and to low-contrast red-green stimuli favoring parvocellular cells. Stimuli were square-wave alternating, 3-deg homogeneous disks. Low-contrast stimuli modulated in luminance elicited relatively simple responses. For some observers, a negativity was present that saturated at low contrast. This may be the signature of inputs from magnocellular channels to the visual cortex. The slope of the contrast—response curve for low-contrast stimuli was about the same for all subjects. For medium contrasts, these contrast—response curves displayed an abrupt increase of slope. The shallower slope may reflect the responsivity of magnocellular-pathway inputs to the cortex, whereas the steeper slope may be caused by additional parvocellular activation.Contrast-response curves for the most sensitive waveforms of the isoluminant green—red modulation also showed two branches, although not as clearly as for luminance. This may indicate parvocellular-mediated activity for small chromatic differences, and a combination of parvocellular and magnocellular inputs for larger contrasts. Curves of time-to-peak response as a function of contrast often changed their monotonous behavior near the kink of the corresponding contrast—response curve, thus supporting the notion of a contribution from several mechanisms to the main waveforms.
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McKendrick, AM, and GP Sampson. "Low Spatial Frequency Contrast Sensitivity Deficits in Migraine are not Visual Pathway Selective." Cephalalgia 29, no. 5 (2009): 539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01817.x.

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Some people who experience migraine demonstrate reduced visual contrast sensitivity that is measurable between migraines. Contrast sensitivity loss to low spatial frequency gratings has been previously attributed to possible impairment of magnocellular pathway function. This study measured contrast sensitivity using low spatial frequency targets (0.25–4 c/deg) where the adaptation aspects of the stimuli were designed to preferentially assess either magnocellular or parvocellular pathway function (steady and pulsed pedestal technique). Twelve people with migraine with measured visual field abnormalities and 17 controls participated. Subjects were tested foveally and at 10° eccentricity. Foveally, there was no significant difference in group mean contrast sensitivity. At 10°, the migraine group demonstrated reduced contrast sensitivity for both the stimuli designed to assess magnocellular and parvocellular function ( P < 0.05). The functional deficits measured in this study infer that abnormalities of the low spatial frequency sensitive channels of both pathways contribute to contrast sensitivity deficits in people with migraine.
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Breitmeyer, Bruno G. "Contributions of magno- and parvocellular channels to conscious and non-conscious vision." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1641 (2014): 20130213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0213.

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The dorsal and ventral cortical pathways, driven predominantly by magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) inputs, respectively, assume leading roles in models of visual information processing. Although in prior proposals, the dorsal and ventral pathways support non-conscious and conscious vision, respectively, recent modelling and empirical developments indicate that each pathway plays important roles in both non-conscious and conscious vision. In these models, the ventral P-pathway consists of one subpathway processing an object's contour features, e.g. curvature, the other processing its surface attributes, e.g. colour. Masked priming studies have shown that feed-forward activity in the ventral P-pathway on its own supports non-conscious processing of contour and surface features. The dorsal M-pathway activity contributes directly to conscious vision of motion and indirectly to object vision by projecting to prefrontal cortex, which in turn injects top-down neural activity into the ventral P-pathway and there ‘ignites’ feed-forward–re-entrant loops deemed necessary for conscious vision. Moreover, an object's shape or contour remains invisible without the prior conscious registration of its surface properties, which for that reason are taken to comprise fundamental visual qualia. Besides suggesting avenues for future research, these developments bear on several recent and past philosophical issues.
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YANG, CHIA-YEN, JEN-CHUEN HSIEH, and YIN CHANG. "Foveal evoked magneto-encephalography features related to the parvocellular pathway." Visual Neuroscience 25, no. 2 (2008): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523808080413.

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AbstractThe aim of this study was to use non-invasive magneto-encephalographic techniques, together with visual stimulus paradigms that can psychophysically separate the M- and P-pathways, to examine the physiological relations of the pathways at the fovea with (1) the magneto-encephalography components M70 and M100 (in latency and amplitude), and (2) the cortical oscillatory activities (alpha, beta, and gamma), respectively. The checkerboard stimuli accompanied with different spatial frequencies (SFs) (0.5 or 4 cycles per degree) were presented (within 2° of the retinal center) to six healthy subjects by using steady-pedestal and pulse paradigms, which could activate distinct populations of M- and P-neurons. SF analyzed brain responses in each paradigm. The results show a consistent trend in M70 and M100 with increased latencies and amplitudes in response to the high SF. Mean while, the beta to gamma activities are apparently enhanced by the stimulus of high SF, especially under pulse paradigm (p = 0.03). In this study, we suggest that M70 can be a good clue to characterize the P-pathway. Moreover, in the frequency analysis, the beta oscillations may serve for more detailed visual information, while the gamma oscillations seem to reflect the signal processing in the P-pathway and with sensitivity to the fovea.
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Edwards, Mark, Stephanie C. Goodhew, and David R. Badcock. "Using perceptual tasks to selectively measure magnocellular and parvocellular performance: Rationale and a user’s guide." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 28, no. 4 (2021): 1029–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-020-01874-w.

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AbstractThe visual system uses parallel pathways to process information. However, an ongoing debate centers on the extent to which the pathways from the retina, via the Lateral Geniculate nucleus to the visual cortex, process distinct aspects of the visual scene and, if they do, can stimuli in the laboratory be used to selectively drive them. These questions are important for a number of reasons, including that some pathologies are thought to be associated with impaired functioning of one of these pathways and certain cognitive functions have been preferentially linked to specific pathways. Here we examine the two main pathways that have been the focus of this debate: the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways. Specifically, we review the results of electrophysiological and lesion studies that have investigated their properties and conclude that while there is substantial overlap in the type of information that they process, it is possible to identify aspects of visual information that are predominantly processed by either the magnocellular or parvocellular pathway. We then discuss the types of visual stimuli that can be used to preferentially drive these pathways.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Parvocellular Pathway"

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Maynard, Michelle Lorraine. "Dynamics of rod and cone photoreceptor interactions under mesopic light levels." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/52772/1/Michelle_Maynard_Thesis.pdf.

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Visual adaptation regulates contrast sensitivity during dynamically changing light conditions (Crawford, 1947; Hecht, Haig & Chase, 1937). These adaptation dynamics are unknown under dim (mesopic) light levels when the rod (R) and long (L), medium (M) and short (S) wavelength cone photoreceptor classes contribute to vision via interactions in shared non-opponent Magnocellular (MC), chromatically opponent Parvocellular (PC) and Koniocellular (KC) visual pathways (Dacey, 2000). This study investigated the time-course of adaptation and post-receptoral pathways mediating receptor specific rod and cone interactions under mesopic illumination. A four-primary photostimulator (Pokorny, Smithson & Quinlan, 2004) was used to independently control the activity of the four photoreceptor classes and their post-receptoral visual athways in human observers. In the first experiment, the contrast sensitivity and time-course of visual adaptation under mesopic illumination were measured for receptoral (L, S, R) and post-receptoral (LMS, LMSR, L-M) stimuli. An incremental (Rapid-ON) sawtooth conditioning pulse biased detection to ON-cells within the visual pathways and sensitivity was assayed relative to pulse onset using a briefly presented incremental probe that did not alter adaptation. Cone.Cone interactions with luminance stimuli (L cone, LMS, LMSR) reduced sensitivity by 15% and the time course of recovery was 25± 5ms-1 (μ ± SEM). PC mediated (+L-M) chromatic stimuli sensitivity loss was less (8%) than for luminance and recovery was slower (μ = 2.95 ± 0.05 ms-1), with KC mediated (S cone) chromatic stimuli showing a high sensitivity loss (38%) and the slowest recovery time (1.6 ± 0.2 ms-1). Rod-Rod interactions increased sensitivity by 20% and the time course of recovery was 0.7 ± 0.2 ms-1 (μ ± SD). Compared to these interaction types, Rod-Cone interactions reduced sensitivity to a lesser degree (5%) and showed the fastest recovery (μ = 43 ± 7 ms-1). In the second experiment, rod contribution to the magnocellular, parvocellular and koniocellular post-receptoral pathways under mesopic illumination was determined as a function of incremental stimulus duration and waveform (rectangular; sawtooth) using a rod colour match procedure (Cao, Pokorny & Smith, 2005; Cao, Pokorny, Smith & Zele, 2008a). For a 30% rod increment, a cone match required a decrease in [L/(L+M)] and an increase in [L+M] and [S/(L+M)], giving a greenish-blue and brighter appearance for probe durations of 75 ms or longer. Probe durations less than 75 ms showed an increase in [L+M] and no change in chromaticity [L/(L+M) or S/(L+M)], uggesting mediation by the MC pathway only for short duration rod stimuli. s We advance previous studies by determining the time-course and nature of photoreceptor specific retinal interactions in the three post-receptoral pathways under mesopic illumination. In the first experiment, the time-course of adaptation for ON cell processing was determined, revealing opponent cell facilitation in chromatic PC and KC pathways. The Rod-Rod and Rod-Cone data identify previously unknown interaction types that act to maintain contrast sensitivity during dynamically changing light conditions and improve the speed of light adaptation under mesopic light levels. The second experiment determined the degree of rod contribution to the inferred post-eceptoral pathways as a function of the temporal properties of the rod signal. r The understanding of the mechanisms underlying interactions between photoreceptors under mesopic illumination has implications for the study of retinal disease. Visual function has been shown to be reduced in persons with age-related maculopathy (ARM) risk genotypes prior to clinical signs of the disease (Feigl, Cao, Morris & Zele, 2011) and disturbances in rod-mediated adaptation have been shown in early phases of ARM (Dimitrov, Guymer, Zele, Anderson & Vingrys, 2008; Feigl, Brown, Lovie-Kitchin & Swann, 2005). Also, the understanding of retinal networks controlling vision enables the development of international lighting standards to optimise visual performance nder dim light levels (e.g. work-place environments, transportation).
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Book chapters on the topic "Parvocellular Pathway"

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Patel, Roma P., Jerry Lin, and S. Khizer Khaderi. "Beyond Gaming." In Gamification. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8200-9.ch062.

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The interest around the utilization of video games as a component of rehabilitative therapy has dramatically increased over the past decade. Research efforts have confirmed the positive effects of repetitive gaming in improving visual outcomes; however, there is limited knowledge on the mechanism of action delivered by repetitive gaming. Utilizing knowledge of the visual system, including targeting specific cells in the retina with visual stimuli, the authors captured the training effects of gaming to augment pre-selected skills. Specifically, the authors embedded a homerun derby style baseball game with a contrast threshold test, to stimulate parvocellular retinal ganglion cells. Parvocellular cells are the first line of the ventral, or “what” pathway of visual processing. Repetitive stimulation of the parvocellular system shows promising preliminary results in improving batting performance.
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"Human colour discrimination based on a non-parvocellular pathway." In A Reader in Visual Agnosia. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315668444-25.

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Adams, Reginald B., Hee Yeon Im, Cody Cushing, et al. "Differential magnocellular versus parvocellular pathway contributions to the combinatorial processing of facial threat." In Progress in Brain Research. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.006.

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Cartwright, Nathaniel Knox, and Petros Carvounis. "Compare and contrast the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways." In Short Answer Questions for the MRCOphth Part 1. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315375526-92.

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Sharpe, James A., Ji Soo Kim, and Josée Rivest. "Neurological Correlates of Damage to the Magnocellular and Parvocellular Visual Pathways." In Seeing Spatial Form. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195172881.003.0016.

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Solomon, Samuel G. "Retinal ganglion cells and the magnocellular, parvocellular, and koniocellular subcortical visual pathways from the eye to the brain." In Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-821377-3.00018-0.

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Conference papers on the topic "Parvocellular Pathway"

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Young, Rockefeller SL, Bae-Choel Han, and Ping-yuan Wu. "Nature of the Transient Pupillary Constriction To Light." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1991.wa2.

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It is well known that nerve fibers from the optic tract (as well as from several other pathways) project to the pretectum and drive the pupillomotor nuclei. But it has been less clear as to how or to what extent the pupillary light responses can provide information about visual function. A study by Leventhal, Rodieck, and Dreher (1981), however, may furnish an important clue. The investigators reported that the fibers forming the retinopretectal pathway in primates come from morphological A-, C-, and E- types of retinal ganglion cells. B-cells, the type which projects to the parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), do not terminate in the pretectum. A-cells, the type which also projects to the magnocellular layers of the LGN, do. (Hereafter, we use the terms M- and P-pathway in accordance with Shapley (1990) when speaking of the A- and B-cells, respectively, or die neural signals that originate from the two).
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Lee, Barry B. "Physiological basis of photometry." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.thf3.

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The human photopic luminous efficiency function, the basis of photopic photometry for over 50 years, may be derived from several psychophysical tasks. These tasks are sometimes assumed to tap a "luminance channel" in the visual system, but the physiological identity of this channel has been controversial. The physiological basis of two photometric tasks will be discussed. For flicker photometry, there is strong evidence that cells of the phasic, magnocellular system of the primate visual pathway form the substrate. Not only can photometric properties, such as additivity and transitivity, be demonstrated in this pathway, but also odd psychophysical effects, such as that seen when the relative phase of two flickering lights changes, find a precise correlation in the responses of these cells. This makes it unlikely that cells of the parvocellular system contribute to this task. For another photometric task, the minimally distinct border, evidence for M-pathway cells as the physiological substrate is also compelling, implying that this pathway is a major contributor to form vision. It is parsimonious to suppose that the M-pathway is involved in other photometric tasks, such as resolution photometry.
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Lennie, Peter. "Cortical mechanisms of color vision." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.thp2.

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In macaque monkey three distinct pathways relay information from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) to the striate cortex. Two parvocellular pathways contain neurons with chromatically opponent receptive fields: one receives opposed inputs from R cones and G cones; the other receives inputs from B cones opposed by some combined signal from R and G cones. A distinctive feature of the R–G neurons (much the largest group in the LGN) is that they respond well to chromatic patterns of low spatial frequency and achromatic patterns of high spatial frequency. Magnocellular neurons receive inputs from all three classes of cone.
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Shapley, Robert. "P and M neural pathways and the perception of color and brightness." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.thp1.

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P and M ganglion cells connect the retina to the visual cortex in monkeys and man. P cells project to the parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus, while M cells project to the magnocellular layers. M cells have the highest senstivity to luminance contrast and may be the neural vehicle for contrast detection. P cells are color selective and are most sensitive to coarse colored patterns. Brightness must depend on the combined activity of M and P cells. Color may also result from interaction between M and P cells in the visual cortex. Experiments on color exchange show that while M cells are silenced at one particular color balance, their null points are distributed widely enough that the M population may contribute to color perception.
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Momose, Keiko, and Motohiro Kiyosawa. "Nonlinear Characteristics of Visual Evoked Potential in Glaucoma patients and Their Correlation with the Visual Responses on Magnocellular and Parvocellular Pathways." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.260555.

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Momose, Keiko, and Motohiro Kiyosawa. "Nonlinear Characteristics of Visual Evoked Potential in Glaucoma patients and Their Correlation with the Visual Responses on Magnocellular and Parvocellular Pathways." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.4398469.

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Drum, Bruce. "Brightness estimation supports a two-channel model of achromatic brightness processing." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.wt3.

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Brightness magnitude estimation functions for 3400° white circular increments on a 2700° white 38 cd/m2 background were measured on a modified Tubingen perimeter. The stimuli ranged from 1.7′ to 66′ in diameter, 0.07-1 s in duration, and 0° to 20° in eccentricity. Brightness estimates were obtained at 0.2 log unit luminance intervals from the increment threshold to 1600 cd/m2. A constant-luminance fixation target also served as a reference for the brightness estimates. Although the overall averages can be acceptably fit with power functions, most single-session functions are double-branched, in agreement with Hood and Finkelstein.1 A low-contrast branch first rises steeply with a slope ⪰1, but then asymptotes within 1–2 log units of threshold. A relatively straight high-contrast branch rises out of the low-branch asymptote, with a slope between 0.3 and 0.5. Changes of target size, duration, or eccentricity have little effect on the slope of the high-contrast branch. However, parameter changes that increase threshold can markedly shorten the range and increase the initial slope of the low-contrast branch. The properties of the low-contrast and high-contrast brightness branches are similar to those of the magnocellular and parvocellular retinogeniculate pathways and are consistent with existing brightness matching evidence for a two-channel model of achromatic brightness.2
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