Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pascal, Blaise, 1623-1662 – Et le bien'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Pascal, Blaise, 1623-1662 – Et le bien.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Brissette, Jean-Philippe. "L'expérience de l'échec dans les Pensées de Pascal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26462/26462.pdf.
Full textLeduc-Fayette, Denise. ""La clef de Job", Pascal : la liberté le mal." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040169.
Full textThe purpose: restitute the augustinian Pascal to his specific atmosphere, the bible. The whole of his writings is decrypted in constant reference with the biblical "fore-text", on the horizon of courter-reform and port-royalist translation of the bible. The Pensées must be readed like a palimpsest of the book, and especially of the book of Job, according to a metonymy. The same apocalyptic structure can be detected in the bible, its monad, the famous poem of the Old Testament and the apology. Job is the "peg" of its moving architecture, in the double parallel between him and Salomon or Moses. The main point is that job, as figure of Christ, according to the traditional spiritual exegesis, gives the "key" of mystery of evil Pascal stands clear of theodicies, and his job's lecture is radically different from the later interpretations which will consider the man of Hus as a challenger of god. The answer is religious. It reverberates only the dogma. The sacrificial theology of the author, inseparable of his conception of surnatural temporality brings to light the catharsis of evil
Ernst, Pol. "Géologie et stratigraphie des Pensées de Pascal." Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040005.
Full textThe geology consists of identifying the "paper" of ms. 9202(. . . )The stratigraphy sets out to discover the order which Pascal used the different packets of similar sheets. .
Alexandrescu, Vlad. "Le paradoxe chez Blaise Pascal." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0301.
Full textQhile reviewing in our introduction some stages of the history of skeptical thinking, from pyrrhon to sextus empiricus, we have decided to consider the 'skeptic paradox' - the evocation of contradictory opinions regarding every topic - as the structural unit of the skeptic discourse. We have tested the functionality of this unit on writings belonging to the french skeptic tradition (montaigne and la mothe le vayer). An analysis of this notion reveals the necessity of specifying the conditions on the employment of the skeptic statements. We propose to summarise these conditions in the constrait of a 'distant enunciation', which is possible to paraphrase with the aid of the epistemical modal values, such as the uncertain or the probable. As one direction of our examination we have explained specific relationships between the skepticism and the dogmatism, found at the inner level of the discourse. After presenting a three-layered theoretical model, which allows us to establish a differentiated typology of the paradoxical statements, the second part of the thesis is dedicated to the study of four of pascal's works : the reflections on geometry in general, the conversation with mr. De sacy, the writing s on the grace and the thoughts
Grasset, Bernard. "Les Pensées de Pascal : une interprétation de l'Ecriture." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT5001.
Full textBusoiu, Ana Maria. "Pascal et l'existentialisme." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOL009.
Full textIs Blaise Pascal a forerunner of existentialism? Can his Christianity really be qualified as existentialist? Can Pascal be associated with atheist existentialism, especially with Sartrian existentialism? Is Pascal of present interest nowadays? This thesis tries to answer these questions, using the comparative study of the works of Blaise Pascal, Soren Kierkegaard, Gabriel Marcel, and Jean-Paul Sartre. It supports the idea that Pascal is not simply a forerunner of existentialism, but a genuine philosopher of existence. His work brings forward a philosophy of existence. His work brings forward a philosophy of existence which didn’t remain without consequences his approach is thoughtful and argumentative, his conceptual coherence is obvious, his theory is stated and proven. Man must choose because he is “embarked”, so he cannot elude the choice; this is the theory that places Pascal in the central of Mounier’s “existentialist tree”. Nevertheless, what remains central to his thought is his Christian view: everything is possible with God, man is nothing without God
Bouchilloux, Hélène. "Apologetique et raison dans les pensees de pascal." Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0306.
Full textThis study is a consideration of the meaning to be given to the pensees. It challenges the interpretations which, considering the pensees as merely apologetical, strumble over the deliberate disorder, the enlarged comprehensiveness and the greatly increased number of protagonists. This threefold difficulty can be solved without mutilating the text if we perceive, behind the discourse about proof, which is strictly apologetical, a discourse about the ends of the proof, which is entirely different. In accordance with what he sets out in his short treatises, de l'esprit geometrique and de l'art de persuader, pascal does not aim at convincing but, by means of a demonstration akin to the verification of hypotheses in physics, at showing how reason is powerless to believe naturally and so justifying its abandonment into a faith which is a principle of judgment, as the "heart" is a principle of reasoning. While descartes' metaphysics enables reason to experience its own finitude by setting above it the incomprehensible infinity of the god who warrants its truths, pascal's apologetics, by witnessing to its corruption, adds to its demonstrative use a critical one which places theology at the centre of all its truths. It is therefore by the light of the disposal which causes the splitting up of the pensees that we must read the whole work in order to gras
Michon, Hélène. "L'ordre du cœur : philosophie, théologie et mystique dans les Pensées de Pascal." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040249.
Full textOur work has two aims: to place Pascal in a philosophical and theological tradition, and to propose a full understanding of the entire fragments. The first point implies many approaches to the Cistercian and neoplatonic tradition, the second considers three grounds of the discourse in the apology. A philosophical discourse that puts the three traditional questions: self-acquaintance, knowledge of god and of the world, but concludes with an absence of answer. A theological one that belongs to the thomistical tradition and uses the rhetorical fiture of prosopopee, succeeds and presents Jesus-Christ as an issue for every human problem. Finally, a third type of discourse, called a mystical discourse, rejects every kind of wisdom and proclaims the crosses madness. It inaugurates therefore the order of the heart; which can be defined by the rejection of all discursiveness. Based on the inquiry of god, the discourse develops the topic of deus absconditus
Amaarref, Amina. "Le visible et l'invisible dans la spiritualité de Pascal." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040211.
Full textThe theme of the visible and the invisible is beginning as a leitmotiv in the all works of Pascal so as this spiritual theme is at Augustinian’s inspiration and it found the spiritual doctrine of the great apologist: the whole creation is an image of god. Therefore, this theme is it wonderfully good orchestrated in the letter 4, to Miss Roannez, written just after the saint-Thorn's miracle. It is true, like M. Jean Mesnard propose it, in his study of the memorial, "that the eye and spirit are requested at the same time" (in Pascal, Œuvres completes p. 45). Certainly, Pascal is also a great poet for ever this work is buoyed with a wonderful lyricism mystic
Magniont, Gilles. "Le discours pascalien dans les "Pensées" : traces et stratégies énonciatives." Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30032.
Full textConscious of the problematic status of the thoughts - a work both uncompleted and disparate - we have set out in this work to question the pascal writing in its very details so as to emphasize the persuasive strategies at work. How can an apologist convince one of god ? pascal would stress the difficulty of such a task which involved justifying the authority of an argumentation as well as reaching readers notwithstanding their variety. That is why we thought it pertinent to observe the effects of this twofold requirement in the thoughts and from that viewpoint to take advantage of the linguistics of enunciation whose very object is to determine the link between discouse and the enunciator and the co-enunciator. In the first part we have analysed to what extent the writer gave roots to his discourse. Pascal's purpose was to reach deep into the minds of others through the alternate use of generic, specific or ambiguous references. Indeed heterogeneous + tracks ; happen to mingle in his fragments of discourse, so much so that it may be irrelevant at times to speak of persuasive purpose, more precisely when enunciative ruptures allow irrepressible emotions to come to the surface. In the second part we have examined how central a place is given to the reader of the apology thrue direct addresses or implicit cross-references to questions and objections. There again the oscillation of a discourse aiming at extralinguistic presences cannot be due only to rethoric necessity. One can understand the pascal discontinuous writing as a practise of writing which is most naturally favourable to enunciative effects. Were the apologetic discourse deprived of this form, would it still retain all its power ?
Picavez, Hugues. "Modalisation et verbes de connaissance : une approche linguistique des Pensées de Pascal." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT3019.
Full textBai, Seong-Ok. "L'idée de coutume dans les Pensées de Pascal (aspect moral, théologique et apologétique de la notion)." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040154.
Full textPascal's idea of custom has already been a subject matter for pascalian scholars. But they interpret it in the light of either Montaigne or Descartes. The aim of this study is to show how Pascal, despite the influence of Montaigne and Descartes, remains original in his consideration of the notion of custom. There are two sections in this dissertation: a) custom and nature: Pascal reacts against Montaigne’s idea of custom, for him, "true religion" cannot rely on custom, because custom falls within the conception of "corrupt nature" which has to be "redeemed". B) custom in the apology: Pascal partly adopts seventeenth century mechanistic thought. However, in "the discourse of the machine" which is subtly linked to the wager argument, custom plays an intermediary role between "reason" and "inspiration". Thus can be understood the key sentence: "there are three ways to believe: reason, custom, inspiration"
Kim, Hyung-Kil. "De l'art de persuader dans les "Pensées" de Pascal." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10055.
Full textIn the Pensées, Pascal applied the theory of the art of persuasion which he explained in a fragment of the pamphlet, de l'art de persuader. The art of persuasion consists in applying the method of persuasion to the addresse as well as to the subject matter of the persuasion. This art is divided into two parts : "the art of pleasing" and "the art of convincing" which is a transformation of the method of geometrical demonstrations. According to his theory, the Pensées, which constitutes the sketch of a christian apology, focuses on two central themes : "the man without god", who is the addressee of the apologist, and "the christian religion", which is the subject matter of the persuasion. In the development of these two themes, Pascal applies "the method of apology" which is identified with his method of persuasion. In the Pensées as well as in the pamphlet, Pascal determines the limits of his method with regard to the "divine verities". The originality of this thesis lies in the demonstration that Pascal's theory of persuasion was put into practice in the Pensées
Pavlovits, Tamás. "La force de la raison selon Pascal." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040143.
Full textThe thesis traces the movement of reason in Pascal's work from science of nature to theology. The aim is to show that the correct use of reason plays a central role in Pascal's thinking, and that it is possible to define a non-geometrical sense of rationality. Pascal requires the methodical use of natural reason, during which natural reason necessarily recognizes its own limits by realizing that the infinity of nature resists its power of comprehension. So natural reason has to submit itself to a truth that is infinitely beyond its reach. The submission of reason has two meanings: the formation by reason a new relation to infinity through the contemplation of infinity, and the acceptance of the betting argument. Conversion complements natural reason with a supernatural light and thus opens up a new area for it. Converted reason works out a non-geometrical rationality consisting of more orders and the basic principle of which is the truth of religion: Jesus Christ
Hong, Ran-E. "Le dialogue chez pascal : de la forme dialoguee a la dialectique." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040257.
Full textCantillon, Alain. "Le pari-de-Pascal : une série d'énonciations entre 1660 et 1850." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0033.
Full textThis study shows how four manuscript pages happened to become through the ages what is nowadays most usually known as the "Pari de Pascal" ("Pascal's wager"), one of the famous pieces of the so called "Pensées de Pascal". A critical analysis of publication editing procedures and commentary circulation demonstrates that they were established and perpetuated as a text by a tradition through many operations of trnascription which greatly reduce their supposed authenticity. As we explore the wide range of delimitations, denominations, philological lectures, and interpretations, which these pages underwent and which can in no way be considered as a progressive bringing to light of the text true form, we are led to contest the economy of textuality, and to show how the series of publications and commentaries produces, in a process of repetitions, the very object that it depicts as its own origin, and how this series constructs and institutes what it represents as a text and an author
Reusser, Fernand. "Fidéisme et rationalisme : Pascal et ses contemporains." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUEL031.
Full textIf we define religion as the whole of the relationships between God and man we find two trends : one - the theocentric one- stresses the part played by grace, God reveals himself ; the other - the anthropocentric one - stresses man's activity, man turns himself to god. Sometimes, these two trends complement each other harmoniously, often, they violently clash. It was so during the fourth and fifth centuries in the christological and trinitarian disputes, and again, in the battles between advocates and opponents, about the doctrine of salvation through faith only. Pascal's contemporaries knew this tension. Defenders and adversaries of religion were fighting in the name of reason, but both sides often used irrational arguments. In philosophy, scolasticism and cartesianism imposed rationalism, however, one must not forget a powerful platonical trend, nor Gassendi's epicurean sensualism. For their spiritual life, some people followed the voluntaristic precepts of ignatian piety, but the french school of spirituality preached man's total submission to god. Pascal felt this contradiction within himself. His scientific pursuits prompted him to trust reason, his augustinian pessimism to distrust it. His case is exemplary : it does not relate to the field of religion only. The question is to know whether, in every branch of knowledge, reason, left to its sole powers can bring certainty. Must we not turn to another faculty that Pascal calls "the heart"? He did not define it, he left it to us to discover its part - important in the profane sciences, very active in the act of faith. It may even lead to mystical knowledge
Susini, Laurent. "La lumière et le feu : la " vraie éloquence " à l'œuvre dans les Pensées de Pascal." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040223.
Full textDrawing upon an unpublished palaeographic edition of the ordered bundles of the Pensées, this study confronts Pascal's theoretical discourse on eloquence with his effective praxis as a writer, all the while embracing in one coherent rhetorical point of view the various concerns of the Apologie. It demonstrates how the Pensées articulate an eloquence of the heart and of the flectere imitating the voice of the prophets ; and an eloquence of nature – seeking a subtle balance between reason and will, truth and pleasure, and exploiting the seductive features of the honnête homme's conversational rhetoric by appropriating them to a Christian point of view. Above all, this study demonstrates the means by which, unable to claim to convert its reader, the Apologie aims at least to persuade him that belief is not absurd, and, through various formal techniques, to simultaneously constrain him into a prayer-like state, thereby preparing his heart for a possible coming of grace
Bischoff, Jean-Louis. "L'homme et Dieu chez Blaise Pascal : les Pensées : de la misère de l'homme à l'humanisme de la grandeur." Paris, EPHE, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPHE5038.
Full textCrettaz-Nédey, Corinne. "L'économie des Pensées de Pascal : un itinéraire spirituel." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040077.
Full textIn Pascal's Pensées, the knowledge matter is the point from which the seventeenth century anthropocentric view of the world -embodied in Montaigne and Descartes- turns to a christocentric one inherited from the Pauline and the Augustinian theology. The working on the conversion of the Pascalian Apologetics is a process that [I] reveals this spiritual path that turns the homo interior of the Philosophy and Sciences into [II] this homo viator, who is finally conceived as a fallen being since the original sin, to become [III] a homo religious thought as a membrer of the Christ's Body with a metamorphosed heart. The Pascalian recusation of the Self and of the Reason is coupled with a recusation of the Philosophy in aid of the Theology that will act on restoring the Human Being to his middle position between the two infinites and on reaching God and Sense with the knowledge that the Hermeneutics of scripturary message of the Church gives
Mboup, Coulibaly Ndeye Anthia Rakhy. "Pascal, Bergson et la question de Dieu : une comparaison impossible ?" Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA082906.
Full textThis study has for object to reappraise closenesss who appear to impose oneself between the gait by who Bergson has been conducted to give for centre to his thought the question of the intuition and the one by who Pascal has redeemed the specific dimension of the order of the heart, and this in a new tentative of comprehension of the text bergsonien. Because this horizons proximity to who they seem to work out sign does he justify to lend them a same problem, a same question for the philosophy ? Thimbles ever the thesis has confronted social scientific contexts in who their respective gestures have been operated, deprived experiences who have supported them, the elaboration of a listening of the sucking experience of the philosophical argumentation that they have each for departs them husbanded. She has more specifically to search the genesis mobilized concepts to both, examining if she converges or so contrary she diverges with the orientation in situation of conceptual developped exception by intimate elasticities of their thoughts. Lastly a confontation with the cartesian text has permitted of better to underline the intellectual existed kinswoman so-so authors, but light cart and past same this last a kind of mystical complicity round the moral ideal
Thirouin, Laurent. "Le modele du jeu dans la pensee de pascal : le hasard et les regles." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040007.
Full textAs a mathematician as well as an apologist, pascal had to deal with gamblers. This work intends to show that game-playing is an essential model in pascal's own thought. Two main aspects of game-playing are examined here : chance and rules. Chance is, for pascal, the condition of man after the fall. All the rules which govern social life, can therfore be related to the rules of a game : arbitrary but compulsory. The christian is different from the philosopher, to the extent that he accepts to live in a world which functions according to the logic of a game. In his argument of "the wager", pascal applies to the search for god a type of mathematical reasoning which he had developed in order to understand the function of chance in games. A preliminary study of pascal's work concerning chance allows us to analyse "the wager" by taking into account its mathematical character and its status as a game; this study shows how a utilitarian argument works its way into the apology of christian religion
Fournier, Laurent. "Etude de l'argumentation et de la rhétorique dans les Provinciales de Pascal." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS002S.
Full textThe goal of this study is to analyse the argumentation and the rhetoric in Pascal's Provinciales. The study considers three questions. Will the battle of the Provinciales have been mostly a " battle of ethos " ? Is there a rhetoric specific to Pascal? And can the Provinciales be considered a pamphlet? The first section studies the audiences, actors and spectators, addressed by the author. The second section studies whether the Provinciales can be considered as a pamphlet in a context of rising satirical writing. The third section analyses the ways of argumentation and rhetoric in the Provinciales. Finally, the analysis of the text helps to identify its various satirical and polemical aspects, and most of all its pamphleteer aspects ; it shows how the Provinciales have been able to be a real " battle of ethos "; and it brings out the characteristics of a rhetoric specific to Pascal, a rich one, strongly inspired by religious sources, and guided by charity
Bouchard, Hélène. "Pascal et la Mystique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040158.
Full textNot many texts by Pascal deal with the mystical experience. In addition to the Memorial, relating an experience of God on a sheet of paper, and to the Prière pour le bon usage des maladies,some letters, written to Miss de Roannez, give advice on how to approach God, as well as other spiritual letters, like that written after his father’s death, dealing with the Christian’s attitude facing death. Sur la conversion du pécheur brings out the difficulties of a man in search of God. However, greatly exceding those few explicit texts on the subject, it appears that this topic is the essential keystone to undestand Pascal’s work, bringing to light all its meaning. This ultimate and transcendent viewpoint partly explanable by the Pascal ‘s family and social context makes it possible to go deeper into his scientific approach, and the relation carried on with the Bible. Our aim is thus to put Pascal’s entire work in the perspective of the the Judaeo-Chistian mysticism history, highlighting in particular the way Pascal adapted the spirit and the biblical mysticism, in a tradition connected to the Platonic dualism. Pascal’s mysticism is thus defined as the desire for the union with God, mediated by the figure of Christ, and resulting in a relationship of each moment, where man feels transformed, deified, in a sense of joy
Higaki, Julie. "Péguy et Pascal : les "Trois ordres" et l' "Ordre du cœur"." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040106.
Full textZiegler, Robert Hugo. "Buchstabe und Geist Pascal und die Grenzen der Philosophie." Göttingen V & R Unipress, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999572873/04.
Full textUnterner, Patrice. "Pascal et la sophistique : etude sur les rapports de l'argumentation pascalienne avec la tradition sophistique chez les grecs." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040242.
Full textLami, Claudia. "L'ultraphilosophie de Giacomo Leopardi et ses rapports avec Blaise Pascal dans le contexte de la littérature et de la philosophie moderne." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT5031.
Full textIn "Storia dell' Astronomia", written in 1813 at the age of 15, Leopardi analysed the scientific theories that constitute the history of astronomy. The young schoar attrbuted an important role to the Copernican theory ; in fact, the Copernican theoryrepudiated the ancient Ptolemaic theory of the universe, deposing The Earth and Man from their place at its center. .
Lyraud, Pierre. "« L’homme passe l’homme » : Figures de la finitude chez Pascal." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/2020SORUL069.pdf.
Full textIn an article entitled “L’ascension et la chute”, Philippe Sellier showed how these antithetical movements structure Pascal’s imaginary world. But Pascal does not strictly oppose them: he rather highlights the dialectical tension which leads man to surpass his limits and brings him back to these limits. Our thesis aims to synthetize the way Pascal explores the finite human condition and its paradoxical tensions, from a rhetorical and philosophical point of view. We see in Pascal’s works a poetics of finitude, encapsulated in a phrase that we regard as its “spiritual etymon”: “L’homme passe l’homme”. The first part focuses on the incarnate dimension of man and its linguistic consequences : how to write about the union of body and soul that is man, if we can’t understand it ? The second part focuses on the limits of the mind and on the way Pascal makes room – textually – for what one cannot comprehend and demonstrate. A third part studies the links between the will and its ultimate end – happiness, unattainable without the grace of God : how then can we understand the idea of inciting man to the search of God ? A fourth part questions the collective dimension of finitude and then reinterrogates Pascal’s enunciative choices in the Pensées, oscillating between irony and benevolence. A fifth part, eventually, draws the portrait of the Christian condition which appears to humiliate and transform the body and the language
Yamajo, Hirotsugu. "Pascal et la vie terrestre. Épistémologie, ontologie et axiologie du « corps » dans son apologétique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040110.
Full textWe comment on the epistemology, ontology and axiology of the notion of man as a body or “corps” according to Blaise Pascal, in order to shed light on the concept in relation to his apologetic views. According to Pascal, “customs” and “sentiments”, the two fundamental ways of understanding the human form, provide man with secular and religious beliefs, which both allow and yet prevent him from transcending his earthly state. This equates to the ambiguous nature of realities which Pascal calls “corps”: The term refers both to purely profane matters considered as objects for scientific research, and to religious ones with their inherent symbolism, the subject of veneration. To Pascal, man, being of flesh and blood, is fated to be caught between greatness and misery; it is this axiologically ambiguous position that demands from man faith — the hope for the eternal and spiritual life, which is denied him in life on earth
Gosselin-Lavoie, Pierre-Louis. "Approches philosophiques de la conversion chez Pascal et Kierkegaard." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29911/29911.pdf.
Full textCiocoiu, Elena. "Les configurations de l'imaginaire pascalien." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040204.
Full textUntil now, the concept of imaginary, which started to arouse researchers' interest around the middle of the 20th century and which has been inspiring more and more studies during these years, has been used especially for the understanding of 19th and 20th century authors and very little for the analysis of 17th century authors. This thesis tries to demonstrate its effectiveness for the exploration of Pascal's "Pensées", identifying several echoes among Pascal's works and a correspondence between the strategies of his imaginary and the strategies of his writing. The study is formed of a prologue presenting four important contributions to the theories of imaginary made by Gaston Bachelard, Gilbert Durand, Henry Corbin and Jean Burgos, then a series of methodological tools used for the elaboration of a systemic approach of imaginary, organized in three parts: "Man in front of the World", analysing the divisions of reality and the organisation of the scenery in Pascal’s works, "Man in front of Himself", examining the hypostases of the self and man’s relationship with time, and "Man in front of God", a part studying, as its name indicates, man's relationship with divinity. The epilogue, comparing Pascal's imaginary and Père Le Moyne's imaginary, in order to see the relationship between Pascal's imaginary and the aesthetic categories of baroque and classical, opens the way for the confrontation of imaginaries and proposes to consider Pascal's imaginary as a frontier imaginary, characterised by a dialectical tension between baroque and classical features. The study aims at demonstrating the existence of a coherent system of images expressing a specific perspective upon the world
Frigo, Alberto. "Pascal philosophe et auteur spirituel." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN1572.
Full textRochette, André. "Un temps, un homme, un discours : étude de la mort dans les Pensées de Blaise Pascal à partir de l'histoire du XVIIe siècle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28414.
Full textGodfroy-Genin, Anne-Sophie. "De la doctrine de la probabilité à la théorie des probabilités : Pascal, la "Logique de Port-Royal", Jacques Bernoulli." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040268.
Full textIn the 1654-1713 period, modern probability emerged simoustaneously from the calculations on games of chances and their applications to business and law; as well as from the calculations and tables concerning large collections of data as in mortality tables; and from the philosophical and theological concept of qualitative probability, as herited from Aristotle and Aquinas and revised by the Jesuit casuists. The standard solution of the division problem discovered in 1654 by Pascal and Fermat allowed the idea of quantifying uncertainty, and after fifty years of difficulties in conceptualisation, shifted from a theological doctrine of probability to a mathematical theory of probabilities. At first an instrument to support a rational decision under uncertainty, it progressively became a tool of epistemic measurement of belief, an objective measure of uncertainty and a new logic against the progress of septicism. This enlightens modern discussions on the nature of probability
Boyer, Frédéric. "Comprendre et compatir : l'exégèse biblique du récit au secours d'une herméneutique littéraire : Pascal, Dostoievski, Proust." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070032.
Full textAUnderstanding narratives from the biblical tradition can't be separated from the observance of justice which enjoins us to love others, our brothers. The Christian exegesis is acknowledgement in itself, through the forms of the related life of the people of Israel, of the incarnate body of god made human acting to save us from the beginning. The inseparable couple of the exegetic Christian tradition : interpretation and charity, implies the revelation of this world of justice towards our neighbour through scripture. From its biblical origin, writing slides off its status of substitute and becomes the area of freedom of a tradition based on verbal figures the meaning of which educates our relation to the world more than il would proceed from it. The task of understanding texts no longer consists in overcoming the distance between the horizon of the text and that of the interpreter only. Access to interpretation can be reached only if it allows the strengthening of fraternal links by turning the meaning of literary work into meaning for our coming existence itself. With a study of the biblical notion of "figure" in les Pensees by Pascal, the Christian originality is an offer of an hermeneutic temporality to the man who is confronted with the apocalyptic questions of existence. . . .
Dubreucq, Éric. "La chair, le cœur et la grâce : le rôle de l'augustinisme dans la genèse du rapport à soi." Lille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL3A003.
Full textMarquier-Morvan, Myriam. "Descartes, Pascal et Spinoza et la question de l'effacement du tragique." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040217.
Full textAlthough they are not enclosed in tragedy, the works of Descartes, Pascal and Spinoza give various approaches and solutions to it. Theses answers not only vary according to the authors, but differ from book to book as well. They all give an alternative to the aristotelician "catharsis", that old and canonical definition of tragedy still in use in french classical theater. In stark contrast with an obscure and questionable catharsis, this philosophical dispelling, effacing and overtaking of tragedy do not depend on theater anymore, but rely either on reason or faith
Hyun, Mi-ae. "Edition critique et commentaires de "Traité de religion contre les athées, les déistes et les nouveaux pyrrhoniens" de Michel Mauduit." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF20065.
Full textThe object of our study is a critical edition of the traite de religion contre les athees, les deistes et les nouveaux pyrrhoniens (religious treaty against the atheists, the deists and the new pyrrhonians). This treaty, of which the author is father michel mauduit (16341709) was published in 1677, and modified and increased by the author himsel in the second edition (1698). First and foremost, what draws our attention to his treaty is its connction with the pensees of pascal, especially with the fragment "infini rien" or "wager" (laf. 418 - sel. 680). In his preface, mauduit admits explicity his debt to pascal. However, mauduit uses the argument of the wager in combination with a number of other arguments. Historical and traditional which distorts pascal's original text. Whereas pascal insits on the rational obligation to "wager" on the truth of religion. Mauduit seeks to prove that truth, and his proofs logically make the wager unnecessary. Our thesis consists in two volumes. The first comprises an analysis of the arguments of the treaty, study of contemporary critics and a compariason with the pensee of pascal. In the second volume, we reproduce the second edition of the treaty with the variants of the first edition
Figueiredo, Nobre Cortese João. "L'infini en poids, nombre et mesure : la comparaison des incomparables dans l'œuvre de Blaise Pascal." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC242.
Full textThis thesis shows the unity of Pascal's work in what concerns the "comparability of incomparables'': the comparison, either in mathematics our natural language, between things which could not in principle be brought together. The approach is both a historical and a linguistic one, and it aims to recovery some important questions regarding the philosophical nature of comparisons, more specifically, the role of the infinite in Pascal's thought. The comparison of incomparables may be identified in three different formsIn the first part, we formulate a rhetorical form of analogy that we call an "analogy of disproportion'' (inspired by Secretan 1998). If the analogy is generally said to make a comparison between two relations, each of which exists between homogeneous things, the analogy of disproportion, on the other hand, shows a resemblance between relations of heterogeneity, between disproportions or between infinite distances: two things may be as different from each other as any two other things. Even if disproportions are a central theme to Pascal, he did not shy away of comparing such disproportions -- in particular to delimit what man cannot know perfectly.The second part analyzes the mathematical practice of Pascal "in weight, number and measure'': it is necessary to show that in the method of indivisibles of the Lettres de A. Dettonville, in the Traité du Triangle Arithmétique and in the comparison of the curved and the straight lines, always the infinite (or rather the indefinite) intervenes as a factor that allows the comparability of what would seem to be incomparable. The third part makes a philosophical discussion on the infinitely small and the infinitely large, taking into account Pascal's mathematical practice, which was analyzed in the second part. We discuss the nature of "indivisibles'', "differences'' and "infinite distances''. We suggest that the "infinite'' in Pascal's mathematical practice is rather an "indefinite'', linking it to a distinction between the absolute and the relative meaning of words. An exception in Pascal's mathematical practice is his projective geometry, where it is necessary to accept elements at an infinite distance. The "encounter'' of the two infinites makes it possible to show the reciprocity of the infinity of greatness and the infinity of smallness. Finally, we analyze the inverse proportionality between the two infinites with regard to the greatness and the wretchedness of man and to the paradoxical nature of certain truths according to Pascal, which are concealed in the person of the Christ. The conclusion is that Pascal arrives not at a direct knowledge of the infinite, but to an approach to the relation that man, a finite being, has with the infinite
Dubray, Jean. "Pascal et Baudelaire : étude philosophique et théologique d'une tradition janséniste." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040077.
Full textA comparative study of two authors as dissimilar as Pascal and Baudelaire is a daring undertaking, coming up, as it does, against apparently insuperable obstacles. Could one say then that this endeavour is simply a matter of an unwarranted exercise in style or of an appealing yet fragile paradox ? Notwithstanding, in the view of many commentators, it seems that subtle links unite the two literary universes, beyond manifest differences. They present, indeed, real affinities, that are drawn from a common fund of traditionaly Jansenist ideas and develop similar themes centred on the wretchedness and the grandeur of Man, on the importance of the Fall, on the failures which flow from original sin in Man’s search for happiness, justice and truth, on the limits of reason and the desperation of the human condition which the absence of God deprives of meaning. Certainly, these similar basic premises do in no way entail in the two authors identical existential choices, but they unquestionably shed light on their style and their reasoning. If the real life experience of faith and the plenitude of grace illumine Pascal’s writings, the faint outlines and the indisputable undertones of a diffuse hope, beyond sin, revolt and death, emerge from Baudelaire’s work. Without claiming to bring a definitive answer to these delicate questions, the present essay has the modest ambition of rekindling interest in a passionate, yet unsettling encounter between two emblematic writers, whose styles, concerns and centuries render them so distant from, yet so close to each other
Gaspari, Ilaria. "Étude des passions et conscience de soi chez Spinoza et Pascal." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010520/document.
Full textTheories of passions in Seventeenth century, throughout the never-ending tension between moral and psychological issues, do reveal the contradictions and difficulties characterising the birth of the modern idea of the Self. Within its precarious balance between control and knowledge, the art of studying passions is the actual expression of an intimate tension between practical and theoretical philosophy, developed through the antinomies of ethics and psychology, prescription and description. This study deals with two different attitudes toward the idea of a "theory" of passions.The mutual opposition between those two attitudes reveals the strenght of the contrast between moral and theoretical philosophy characterizing the construction of any paradigm of interpretation and study of the passions. On the one hand, the subject of the making of an actual "theory" of passions in Spinoza's Ethics is taken into account. Such enterprise is analysed through Spinoza's notion of reason and the taxonomic structure of the Ethics system, resolving ethics and theory of knowledge into a wider cognitive act, which is conceived as constitutively ethic, and supposedly combines the self-consciousness acquired through emotional experience with the actual knowledge of a causal-related world. On the other hand, Pascal's Pensées are examined, paying special attention to their ambiguous rejection of any autobiographical temptation, their construction of a negative yet brand-new image of the Self (the 'moi') endowed with a "negative" notion on self-consciousness which cannot be described in the language of reason, but could only be dramatically "performed" in the mimetic semantics of emotions
Vandenbussche, Hanna. "Le moi, idole d'une volonté désarmée : Pascal, critique de la liberté cartésienne." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCH019.
Full textQuite often, Pascal is presented as the main critic of Cartesian optimism about human reason. Indeed, Pascal's oeuvre is full of examples that underline the weakness of the capacity that "would like to judge everything" (Laf. 110). In a fragment of his Entretien avec Monsieur de Sacy, Pascal was delighted to find in Montaigne a brother in arms for having dethroned reason: "I cannot see without joy in this author the superb reason so invincibly offended by his own weapons" (Pascal, Entretien avec Monsieur de Sacy, éd. Laf., p. 295)But what if we apply this expression not to reason, but to the human will? Pascal does not only criticize the force of reason, he also attacks, first and foremost, the idea of a free will that is naturally inclined towards truth and goodness and that constitutes the source of a just relationship with oneself.For Pascal, the will is not an inalienable force, a power of self-determination and self-mastery. Posing that "we only possess lies" (Laf. 131), that "we only have an impotent instinct for happiness" (Laf. 131) and that "we want to live an imaginary live in the eyes of the others" (Laf. 806), Pascal denies that our relationship to truth, the good, and ourselves depends on the use of free will.How can the self (le moi) be interpreted in relation to the will? In the Pascalian universe, freedom as a condition for self-discovery has become illusory: the self betrays the presence of an unarmed will, that is, a will that no longer has firm judgments to oppose violent passions. In this sense, Pascal’s notion of the self goes beyond a simple criticism of the Cartesian ego cogito. If Pascal questions himself about the self, his aim is not only to decentralize or de-substantialize the ego from the Meditatio Secunda. Instead of focusing on a comparative study between the Cartesian ego and the Pascalian moi, I have interpreted the notion of the self in Pascal as a triple critique of the Cartesian free will: the self expresses our incapacity (1) to reach the truth (being related to the lie), (2) to achieve happiness (the self being closely linked to le divertissement) and (3) to relate to ourselves authentically
Hennessey, Jeanne. "Quatre portraits par Walter Pater : Ronsard, Montaigne, Giordano Bruno et Pascal." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040309.
Full textDisciple of Sainte-Beuve, Walter Pater sought int the literary portrait a means of understanding his own rich artistic and religious sensibility. Platonist and hegelian he envisaged, in his later years, a trilogy which would show the action of the spirit in three "negative" periods of history : antonine rome, France under the last of the valois and England of the "lumieres" Marius the epicurean was the only novel in the trilogy to be finished. In this thesis we have examined the three literary portraits inserted in the novel of the trilogy- Gaston de Latour in order to show that Pater endeavoured in this unfinished work to follow the action of the spirit in this second period of history which was capital for hegel- modernity. Each meeting with th "stars" of the renaissance represents a stage in the itinerary followed by Pater himself. However it is not in Gaston de Latour that Pater will find the synthesis of the different aspects of truth that he has found. To follow pater's itinerary to the end we must examine another work, also unfinished, the portrait pascal. For the artist the search for truth is also a search for a "style". Attracted by the subjectivity of Montaigne's sytle, Pater is convinced that Pascal's prose in its ability to express the thoughts of the mind and the heart, is the prose that has shaped modern french
Deslandes, Ghislain. "Kierkegaard, Pascal, Lequier : convergences de trois philosophes chrétiens." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010630.
Full textLitwin, Christophe. "Généalogies de l'amour de soi : Montaigne, Pascal, Rousseau." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0059.
Full textMy dissertation is an inquiry into the passion of self-love and the quarrel on its Interpretation that emerges after the Renaissance: for both the Augustinians and the Humanists, self-love is regarded as a specifically human kind of dissoluteness. The first however interpret it as the original corruption of charity to which mankind cannot remedy without God’s supernatural grace and the gift of faith; the second, influenced by their reading of Aristotle, Plato and Cicero, tend on the contrary to regard self-love less as the corruption of clarity, than as a depraved modification of the natural love every living has for itself. I address the anthropological, moral, political, aesthetical and theological implications of this quarrel through the works of Montaigne, Pascal and Rousseau
Jouslin, Olivier. ""Rien ne nous plaît que le combat", Pascal et le dialogue polémique." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040170.
Full textThis PHd thesis analyses the whole of the public debates whether major or minor in which Blaise Pascal was involved. The study stresses the importance of the dialogical form used by Pascal and his contradictors whenever they launched into controversy. It describes how both Pascal and his adversaries acted and wrote polemically. Rather than confronting both sides, the author tries to show how polemics works, how it grows, settles and eventually how it affects the texts themselves. Polemic polarisation is analysed in many ways, which mirrors the polymorphic nature of the polemical genre and the numerous fields it is related to. First theoretical tools try to root out the polemical origins of the fields of controversy. It focuses on such subjects as the void, and the debates on grace as well as on the great seventeenth-century theological and moral questions which occasioned acrid public exchanges. This thesis also resorts to sociological approaches: it raises the issues of the readership and the social origins of the readers. Moreover it tries to assess how controversial the experimental form was by examining the scientific backgrounds in which scientific controversy developed. Third, the literary dimension of polemics is pointed out through the study of the pamphlets on the void circulating in the wordly circles, and through the semi-private letters the scientists were so eager to exchange. It also focuses on the pamphlet wars the jansenist community of the Port-Royal abbey would wage against the jesuits. The thesis lays particular emphasis on Pascal's main polemical text, the Provinciales, and on the whole and complete body of answers it triggered. It aims at defining how wide the readership of the Provinciales was. It moreover tries to show how deep the theoretical and historical consequences of the quarrel with the Jesuits were
Aupetit, Hubert. "La nécessité biblique : de l'Esprit géométrique aux Pensées de Pascal." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20131.
Full textA thorough philological study of l'Esprit géométrique shows an evolution in Pascal's epistemology. Discovering a form of natural corruption in the incapacity of self foundation of the human langage, he leaves his former Cartesian positions. As a consequence, Reason's pretention to formulate universal principles is erased : every rational knowledge is based on a form of authority. This reveals the importance of Pascal's scientific work as regards to the crisis of fundation in modern Science. Using Aristotle's Poetic's methods, I show that Augustinian notion of figuration both applies to mathematics and Biblic litterature, and gives the aesthetic unity of the whole Pascal’s work . Its originality in philosophy is to get rid of scepticism by searching new languages capable of certitude. I reopen a long debate on the unaccomplished Pensées. I propose to distinguish between objective and apologetic editions. The latter are based on some of the author's indications on his intentions, the former use the only classification available. The thorough originality of what I call Les Pensées classées is to propose a quest for happiness with no religious a priori. After having established the contrarieties of humain condition which no philosophy or human science can describe or resolve because they reject contradiction, as a principle, this classification introduces the Christian Scripture as it carries the only language capable of accepting contradiction and giving a meaning to it. There are two new approaches here : introducing the Bible in the field of existence by necessity, and as a simple book with cognitive power. Structured by narration and figuration (typology), this Biblical model extends rational knowledge by extending its restricted space-time referential. It enlarges the horizon of existence of the reader and shows a path for repairing their contrarieties. Pascal deeply renews the classic figurative thought and the poetic approach of the Bible
Giocanti, Sylvia. "De la misologie à la philologie sceptique : étude sur le scepticisme moderne à partir de la lecture des oeuvres de Montaigne, Pascal, La Mothe Le Vayer." Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN1PH01.
Full textNormand, Maxime. "Sagesse classique : Sapiential biblique et littérature morale dans la seconde moitié du dix-septième siècle en France." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040037.
Full textIn this doctoral thesis, our goal is to assess, describe and interpret the intertextuality of the Wisdom Books (Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Wisdom, Ecclesiasticus) in the major works of the four great classical moralists : Pascal, La Rochefoucauld, La Fontaine and La Bruyère. An examination of the literary and historical context reveals how biblical wisdom literature permeates the classical period. In our first part, we analyse the sapiential intertextuality by focusing on the use of commonplaces or topoi. This topical use of the Wisdom Books is particularly significant in the Fables of La Fontaine and the Caractères of La Bruyère. In our second part, we examine the philosophical and theological impact of the Wisdom Books. Ecclesiastes, in its criticism of illusions and in its "epicurean" moments, appears as a fundamental reference for the four moralists. For them, the Wisdom Books seem more particularly devoted to the expression of human misery. However, religious and inspired wisdom infuses many pages of Pascal's work. In our third part, we show that the Wisdom Books constitute a rhetorical model for the moralists, especially concerning brevity and discontinuity. This model, weakly constraining for La Rochefoucauld, stronger, but not preponderant in La Fontaine and La Bruyère, proves to be essential for Pascal, and especially the Pascal of the Pensées