Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pascal, Blaise, 1623-1662 - Filosofia'
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Oliveira, Wilson de. "A condição humana em Pascal a partir da noção de justiça." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/27130.
Full textCalçado, Thiago [UNESP]. "Doença: sofrimento e vida nas filosofias de Friedrich Nietzsche e Blase Pascal." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91793.
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Friedrich Nietzsche e Blaise Pascal tiveram suas vidas marcadas pela dor. O sofrimento físico e, conseqüentemente, o psíquico, não impediram que esses dois pensadores afirmassem a vida em sua totalidade. Tanto em Nietzsche como em Pascal não se encontra uma negação da doença. Pelo contrário, ambos assumiram a debilidade para empreender uma discussão sobre o valor do sofrimento. Apesar de partirem de princípios diferentes, esses pensadores re-significaram seu itinerário intelectual afirmando a importância da enfermidade para a valoração da vida. A afirmação da vida em sua totalidade como propõe a filosofia nietzscheana encontra na doença pela qual passou o autor o eixo de sua constituição e auto-afirmação diante do contexto no qual estava inserido. Em Nietzsche, a relação estabelecida com a dor faz com que ela lhe seja um instrumento precioso de transgressão e afirmação de si. Em Pascal, o sofrimento físico oriundo da enfermidade é analisado em vista de uma antropologia pessimista marcada pela queda original. Ao encontrar-se debilitado, Pascal consegue desviar suas atenções dos divertimentos que o prendiam ao mundo e que o distraiam do encontro consigo e com sua própria natureza. O sentido que Pascal encontra ao sofrimento se dá à luz dos benefícios que ele traz, pois aproxima o pecador de Deus na medida em que o primeiro se recolhe junto a si e às próprias misérias. Na dor, Pascal compreende a sua natureza e sua vida em vista da Paixão redentora de Cristo. Analisar o sentido da doença e do sofrimento por ela causado na vida desses dois pensadores implica a compreensão da própria existência e de sua afirmação, seja ela de alegrias ou de dores. Viver, nessa perspectiva, implica descobrir as potencialidades da própria humanidade e reconhecer no sofrimento não um mal em si, mas sinal para o desenvolvimento das próprias possibilidades.
Friedrich Nietzsche and Blaise Pascal’s lives were strongly fulfilled with pain. The physical suffering and, consequently, the psychic, did two block that those two philosophers could live their lives entirely. Either in Nietzsche and Pascal’s lives we find no denying for the disease. On the opposite, both of them assumed their weakness to undertake a quarrel about the worth of suffering. Besides of having different principles of thinking, those two philosophers remade ther intellectual way of thinking affirming the importance of the sickness to show the value of life. The affirmation of life in its totality as Nietzsche’s philosophy proposal is found in the disease by which the author came through the axis of its constitution and self-affirmation facing the context in which it was inserted. In Nietzsche, the fixed relation with the pain shows a precious tool for trespass and self affirmation. In Pascal, the physical suffering from the sickness is analyzed by the sight of a negative anthropology market by the original fall. Finding himself weak, Pascal is able to turn aside his attention from the entertainment which hold him to the world and also distracted him from having an encounter to himself and his self nature. The meaning that Pascal finds to the suffering is the result of the clearness of the benefits that it comes along, because it brings the sinner next to God as the first one retires to himself and to his own mercy. In pain, Pascal understands his self nature and his own life seeing the Redemptory Passion of Christ. Analyzing the meaning of the sickness and also as a cause of the suffering inside of those two philosophers’ lives imply the understanding of the own existence and its affirmation, which could be made by happiness or pain. Living, in this way of thought, implies to find out the potentiality of the humanity and to recognize the suffering not as the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Ernst, Pol. "Géologie et stratigraphie des Pensées de Pascal." Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040005.
Full textThe geology consists of identifying the "paper" of ms. 9202(. . . )The stratigraphy sets out to discover the order which Pascal used the different packets of similar sheets. .
Alexandrescu, Vlad. "Le paradoxe chez Blaise Pascal." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0301.
Full textQhile reviewing in our introduction some stages of the history of skeptical thinking, from pyrrhon to sextus empiricus, we have decided to consider the 'skeptic paradox' - the evocation of contradictory opinions regarding every topic - as the structural unit of the skeptic discourse. We have tested the functionality of this unit on writings belonging to the french skeptic tradition (montaigne and la mothe le vayer). An analysis of this notion reveals the necessity of specifying the conditions on the employment of the skeptic statements. We propose to summarise these conditions in the constrait of a 'distant enunciation', which is possible to paraphrase with the aid of the epistemical modal values, such as the uncertain or the probable. As one direction of our examination we have explained specific relationships between the skepticism and the dogmatism, found at the inner level of the discourse. After presenting a three-layered theoretical model, which allows us to establish a differentiated typology of the paradoxical statements, the second part of the thesis is dedicated to the study of four of pascal's works : the reflections on geometry in general, the conversation with mr. De sacy, the writing s on the grace and the thoughts
Grasset, Bernard. "Les Pensées de Pascal : une interprétation de l'Ecriture." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT5001.
Full textBrissette, Jean-Philippe. "L'expérience de l'échec dans les Pensées de Pascal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26462/26462.pdf.
Full textBouchilloux, Hélène. "Apologetique et raison dans les pensees de pascal." Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0306.
Full textThis study is a consideration of the meaning to be given to the pensees. It challenges the interpretations which, considering the pensees as merely apologetical, strumble over the deliberate disorder, the enlarged comprehensiveness and the greatly increased number of protagonists. This threefold difficulty can be solved without mutilating the text if we perceive, behind the discourse about proof, which is strictly apologetical, a discourse about the ends of the proof, which is entirely different. In accordance with what he sets out in his short treatises, de l'esprit geometrique and de l'art de persuader, pascal does not aim at convincing but, by means of a demonstration akin to the verification of hypotheses in physics, at showing how reason is powerless to believe naturally and so justifying its abandonment into a faith which is a principle of judgment, as the "heart" is a principle of reasoning. While descartes' metaphysics enables reason to experience its own finitude by setting above it the incomprehensible infinity of the god who warrants its truths, pascal's apologetics, by witnessing to its corruption, adds to its demonstrative use a critical one which places theology at the centre of all its truths. It is therefore by the light of the disposal which causes the splitting up of the pensees that we must read the whole work in order to gras
Busoiu, Ana Maria. "Pascal et l'existentialisme." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOL009.
Full textIs Blaise Pascal a forerunner of existentialism? Can his Christianity really be qualified as existentialist? Can Pascal be associated with atheist existentialism, especially with Sartrian existentialism? Is Pascal of present interest nowadays? This thesis tries to answer these questions, using the comparative study of the works of Blaise Pascal, Soren Kierkegaard, Gabriel Marcel, and Jean-Paul Sartre. It supports the idea that Pascal is not simply a forerunner of existentialism, but a genuine philosopher of existence. His work brings forward a philosophy of existence. His work brings forward a philosophy of existence which didn’t remain without consequences his approach is thoughtful and argumentative, his conceptual coherence is obvious, his theory is stated and proven. Man must choose because he is “embarked”, so he cannot elude the choice; this is the theory that places Pascal in the central of Mounier’s “existentialist tree”. Nevertheless, what remains central to his thought is his Christian view: everything is possible with God, man is nothing without God
Carneiro, Rogério de Oliveira. "Sobre Lukács a partir de sua interpretação n A Destruição da Razão." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4830.
Full textIn the Destruction of Reason, from 1953, Georg Lukács plays several thinkers as philosophics idealizers of german way to Hitler. This work has as purpose to show such reading as a mistake. Another moment, through a deviation about the Hungarian author s trajectory, shows also that there is a transformation in the writing style after his convertion on the communist party in 1918, wich emphasires mainly after the thirties, in it s soviet period. On the other hand, shows also that during Lukács last years there is an effort to revise mistakes of the past
Em A Destruição da Razão, de 1953, Georg Lukács interpreta diversos pensadores como idealizadores filosóficos do caminho alemão até Hitler. Este trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar tal leitura como um equívoco. Noutro momento, através de uma digressão sobre a trajetória do autor húngaro, mostra também que há uma transformação no estilo da escrita após sua conversão ao partido comunista em 1918, que se acentua principalmente após os anos 30, em seu período soviético. Por outro lado, mostra também que nos últimos anos de vida de Lukács há um esforço para corrigir os erros do passado
Michon, Hélène. "L'ordre du cœur : philosophie, théologie et mystique dans les Pensées de Pascal." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040249.
Full textOur work has two aims: to place Pascal in a philosophical and theological tradition, and to propose a full understanding of the entire fragments. The first point implies many approaches to the Cistercian and neoplatonic tradition, the second considers three grounds of the discourse in the apology. A philosophical discourse that puts the three traditional questions: self-acquaintance, knowledge of god and of the world, but concludes with an absence of answer. A theological one that belongs to the thomistical tradition and uses the rhetorical fiture of prosopopee, succeeds and presents Jesus-Christ as an issue for every human problem. Finally, a third type of discourse, called a mystical discourse, rejects every kind of wisdom and proclaims the crosses madness. It inaugurates therefore the order of the heart; which can be defined by the rejection of all discursiveness. Based on the inquiry of god, the discourse develops the topic of deus absconditus
Amaarref, Amina. "Le visible et l'invisible dans la spiritualité de Pascal." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040211.
Full textThe theme of the visible and the invisible is beginning as a leitmotiv in the all works of Pascal so as this spiritual theme is at Augustinian’s inspiration and it found the spiritual doctrine of the great apologist: the whole creation is an image of god. Therefore, this theme is it wonderfully good orchestrated in the letter 4, to Miss Roannez, written just after the saint-Thorn's miracle. It is true, like M. Jean Mesnard propose it, in his study of the memorial, "that the eye and spirit are requested at the same time" (in Pascal, Œuvres completes p. 45). Certainly, Pascal is also a great poet for ever this work is buoyed with a wonderful lyricism mystic
Magniont, Gilles. "Le discours pascalien dans les "Pensées" : traces et stratégies énonciatives." Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30032.
Full textConscious of the problematic status of the thoughts - a work both uncompleted and disparate - we have set out in this work to question the pascal writing in its very details so as to emphasize the persuasive strategies at work. How can an apologist convince one of god ? pascal would stress the difficulty of such a task which involved justifying the authority of an argumentation as well as reaching readers notwithstanding their variety. That is why we thought it pertinent to observe the effects of this twofold requirement in the thoughts and from that viewpoint to take advantage of the linguistics of enunciation whose very object is to determine the link between discouse and the enunciator and the co-enunciator. In the first part we have analysed to what extent the writer gave roots to his discourse. Pascal's purpose was to reach deep into the minds of others through the alternate use of generic, specific or ambiguous references. Indeed heterogeneous + tracks ; happen to mingle in his fragments of discourse, so much so that it may be irrelevant at times to speak of persuasive purpose, more precisely when enunciative ruptures allow irrepressible emotions to come to the surface. In the second part we have examined how central a place is given to the reader of the apology thrue direct addresses or implicit cross-references to questions and objections. There again the oscillation of a discourse aiming at extralinguistic presences cannot be due only to rethoric necessity. One can understand the pascal discontinuous writing as a practise of writing which is most naturally favourable to enunciative effects. Were the apologetic discourse deprived of this form, would it still retain all its power ?
Force, Pierre. "Le sens d'un auteur : étude du problème herméneutique chez Pascal." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040331.
Full textPicavez, Hugues. "Modalisation et verbes de connaissance : une approche linguistique des Pensées de Pascal." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT3019.
Full textKim, Hyung-Kil. "De l'art de persuader dans les "Pensées" de Pascal." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10055.
Full textIn the Pensées, Pascal applied the theory of the art of persuasion which he explained in a fragment of the pamphlet, de l'art de persuader. The art of persuasion consists in applying the method of persuasion to the addresse as well as to the subject matter of the persuasion. This art is divided into two parts : "the art of pleasing" and "the art of convincing" which is a transformation of the method of geometrical demonstrations. According to his theory, the Pensées, which constitutes the sketch of a christian apology, focuses on two central themes : "the man without god", who is the addressee of the apologist, and "the christian religion", which is the subject matter of the persuasion. In the development of these two themes, Pascal applies "the method of apology" which is identified with his method of persuasion. In the Pensées as well as in the pamphlet, Pascal determines the limits of his method with regard to the "divine verities". The originality of this thesis lies in the demonstration that Pascal's theory of persuasion was put into practice in the Pensées
Bai, Seong-Ok. "L'idée de coutume dans les Pensées de Pascal (aspect moral, théologique et apologétique de la notion)." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040154.
Full textPascal's idea of custom has already been a subject matter for pascalian scholars. But they interpret it in the light of either Montaigne or Descartes. The aim of this study is to show how Pascal, despite the influence of Montaigne and Descartes, remains original in his consideration of the notion of custom. There are two sections in this dissertation: a) custom and nature: Pascal reacts against Montaigne’s idea of custom, for him, "true religion" cannot rely on custom, because custom falls within the conception of "corrupt nature" which has to be "redeemed". B) custom in the apology: Pascal partly adopts seventeenth century mechanistic thought. However, in "the discourse of the machine" which is subtly linked to the wager argument, custom plays an intermediary role between "reason" and "inspiration". Thus can be understood the key sentence: "there are three ways to believe: reason, custom, inspiration"
Pérouse, Marie Thirouin Laurent. ""Quelque chose de ce grand dessein" les premières éditions des Pensées (1670-1678) /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2005. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2005/perouse_m.
Full textPavlovits, Tamás. "La force de la raison selon Pascal." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040143.
Full textThe thesis traces the movement of reason in Pascal's work from science of nature to theology. The aim is to show that the correct use of reason plays a central role in Pascal's thinking, and that it is possible to define a non-geometrical sense of rationality. Pascal requires the methodical use of natural reason, during which natural reason necessarily recognizes its own limits by realizing that the infinity of nature resists its power of comprehension. So natural reason has to submit itself to a truth that is infinitely beyond its reach. The submission of reason has two meanings: the formation by reason a new relation to infinity through the contemplation of infinity, and the acceptance of the betting argument. Conversion complements natural reason with a supernatural light and thus opens up a new area for it. Converted reason works out a non-geometrical rationality consisting of more orders and the basic principle of which is the truth of religion: Jesus Christ
Natan, Stéphane. "Les Pensées de Pascal : d'un projet apologétique à un texte poétique." Lyon 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO31010.
Full textHong, Ran-E. "Le dialogue chez pascal : de la forme dialoguee a la dialectique." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040257.
Full textOittica, Cristine Reis. "Divertissement e Ennui em Blaise Pascal: uma manisfestação da antropologia da queda." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21398.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2018-09-03T12:58:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristine Reis Oittica.pdf: 874905 bytes, checksum: 22b28ed8f737a7e16bf74f834fdef6c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-21
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The dissertation has no abstract
O objstivo desta Dissertação aporta-se nos conceitos de Ennui e Divertssement, termos abordados na obra do teólogo e matemático francês Blaise Pascal. Discutiremos a natureza do homem e sua condição humana atrelada pela busca ao divertimento como fuga de sua estrutura ontologica de miserabilidade e condicionada a desviar-se da angústia, estado atávico da natureza do homem. Para tanto, faremos uma tragetória conceitual pelos principais influenciadores da filosofia de Pascal: Santo Agostinho e Cornelius Jansenius, seguindo pelo desmembramento do paradoxo grandeza e miséria, discussão essencial na obra do filósofo, o que nos ajudará a compreender a função do divertimento pascaliano no terceiro capítulo. Por fim, a compreensão dos conceitos de Ennui e Divertissemnt, através do Fragmento 199 dos Pensées. A obra do filosofo será tratada a partir da condição trágica, a qual os escritos pascalianos estão submetidos
Martins, Andrei Venturini. "Contigência e imaginação em Blaise Pascal." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1991.
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In this study we will try to corroborate the general hypothesis that we support, which says that the Adamic sin launches all humanity in a contingency state, which is, however, verified by the effects of the imagination. In the first chapter our concern is historical and, for this reason, we will initiate investigating the beginning of the controversy about the grace in the middle of century V. Saint Augustine will be our object of inquiry: we will deal with some mannering and literal changes of the bishop of Hipona in function of his conversion to the Christianism and his conception of the free will in the discussion with the Manicheans. Later, we will discern the concepts of the original sin and free will in Pelagio and Saint Augustine, in such a way to perceive how the Augustinian conception of the free will changes according to the different contexts that the doctor of grace is inserted. After that we will have a historical jump and will analyze the sprouting of the Jansenism, trying to identify how the discussion about the grace is retaken by the end of century XVI and during century XVII, for soon after that, point out Blaise Pascal, our object of study in this theological complaint, as well as the emergent philosophical quarrel in century XVII. In the second chapter we will analyze in a deeper way the theological aspect of Pascal s work, what will make possible to us to describe the human condition before and after the Adamic sin and to perceive the consequences of the sin for all humanity. One of them is the contingency, characterized by the lack of discernment between the truth and the falseness, so that the human knowledge of the world and about himself is immersed in the contingency, which would, however, reveal in a special way in the imagination, deceitful power that is not a mark of the truth nor of the falseness. Thus we will initiate our third and last chapter, in which we will punctuate the effects of the functioning imagination and will perceive that the reason, joined intrinsically to the imagination, when doing its job discloses the contingency. However, Pascal enhances that some experts in imagination make use of this power to persuade, to construct concepts, to produce laws and to keep the public space reasonably organized. That s the way we understand that the Adamic sin atavistically transmitted to all humanity causes the contingency that manifests itself in the effects of the deceitful power of the imagination
Neste trabalho procuraremos corroborar a hipótese geral que sustentamos, a saber, que o pecado adâmico lança toda humanidade em um estado de contingência, este porém, é verificado pelos efeitos da imaginação. No primeiro capítulo nossa preocupação é histórica e, por este motivo, iniciaremos investigando a raiz da polêmica sobre a graça em meados do século V. Santo Agostinho será nosso objeto de investigação: trataremos de algumas mudanças comportamentais e textuais do bispo de Hipona em função da sua conversão ao cristianismo e a sua concepção de livre arbítrio na discussão com os maniqueus. Depois, trataremos de discernir os conceitos de pecado original e livre arbítrio em Pelágio e Santo Agostinho, de modo que perceberemos como a concepção agostiniana de livre arbítrio muda em função dos diferentes contextos que o doutor da graça esta inserido. Em seguida daremos um salto histórico e analisaremos o surgimento do jansenismo, tentando identificar como a discussão sobre a graça é retomada no fim do século XVI e no século XVII, para logo em seguida situar Blaise Pascal, nosso objeto de estudo nesta querela teológica, assim como a discussão filosófica emergente no século XVII. No segundo capítulo analisaremos de maneira mais aprofundada o aspecto teológico da obra de Pascal, o que nos possibilitará descrever a condição humana antes e depois do pecado adâmico e perceber as conseqüências do pecado para toda humanidade. Uma delas é a contingência, caracterizada pela falta de discernimento entre a verdade e a falsidade, de modo que o conhecimento humano do mundo e de si está imerso na contingência, esta porém, manifestar-se-ia de maneira especial na imaginação, potência enganosa que não é marca da verdade nem da falsidade. Assim iniciaremos nosso terceiro e último capítulo, no qual pontuaremos os efeitos da imaginação em funcionamento e perceberemos que a razão, unida de maneira intrínseca à imaginação, ao realizar seu trabalho revela a contingência. Todavia, Pascal destaca que alguns versados em imaginação usam desta potência para persuadir, construir conceitos, produzir leis e manter o espaço público razoavelmente organizado. É desta maneira que entendemos que o pecado adâmico transmitido atavicamente a toda humanidade causa a contingência que se manifesta nos efeitos da potência enganosa da imaginação
Cantillon, Alain. "Le pari-de-Pascal : une série d'énonciations entre 1660 et 1850." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0033.
Full textThis study shows how four manuscript pages happened to become through the ages what is nowadays most usually known as the "Pari de Pascal" ("Pascal's wager"), one of the famous pieces of the so called "Pensées de Pascal". A critical analysis of publication editing procedures and commentary circulation demonstrates that they were established and perpetuated as a text by a tradition through many operations of trnascription which greatly reduce their supposed authenticity. As we explore the wide range of delimitations, denominations, philological lectures, and interpretations, which these pages underwent and which can in no way be considered as a progressive bringing to light of the text true form, we are led to contest the economy of textuality, and to show how the series of publications and commentaries produces, in a process of repetitions, the very object that it depicts as its own origin, and how this series constructs and institutes what it represents as a text and an author
Susini, Laurent. "La lumière et le feu : la " vraie éloquence " à l'œuvre dans les Pensées de Pascal." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040223.
Full textDrawing upon an unpublished palaeographic edition of the ordered bundles of the Pensées, this study confronts Pascal's theoretical discourse on eloquence with his effective praxis as a writer, all the while embracing in one coherent rhetorical point of view the various concerns of the Apologie. It demonstrates how the Pensées articulate an eloquence of the heart and of the flectere imitating the voice of the prophets ; and an eloquence of nature – seeking a subtle balance between reason and will, truth and pleasure, and exploiting the seductive features of the honnête homme's conversational rhetoric by appropriating them to a Christian point of view. Above all, this study demonstrates the means by which, unable to claim to convert its reader, the Apologie aims at least to persuade him that belief is not absurd, and, through various formal techniques, to simultaneously constrain him into a prayer-like state, thereby preparing his heart for a possible coming of grace
Bischoff, Jean-Louis. "L'homme et Dieu chez Blaise Pascal : les Pensées : de la misère de l'homme à l'humanisme de la grandeur." Paris, EPHE, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPHE5038.
Full textCrettaz-Nédey, Corinne. "L'économie des Pensées de Pascal : un itinéraire spirituel." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040077.
Full textIn Pascal's Pensées, the knowledge matter is the point from which the seventeenth century anthropocentric view of the world -embodied in Montaigne and Descartes- turns to a christocentric one inherited from the Pauline and the Augustinian theology. The working on the conversion of the Pascalian Apologetics is a process that [I] reveals this spiritual path that turns the homo interior of the Philosophy and Sciences into [II] this homo viator, who is finally conceived as a fallen being since the original sin, to become [III] a homo religious thought as a membrer of the Christ's Body with a metamorphosed heart. The Pascalian recusation of the Self and of the Reason is coupled with a recusation of the Philosophy in aid of the Theology that will act on restoring the Human Being to his middle position between the two infinites and on reaching God and Sense with the knowledge that the Hermeneutics of scripturary message of the Church gives
Hammond, Nicholas Gascoigne. "Pascalʾs Pensées and Baudelaireʾs Les fleurs du mal : a study of the parallels and development of the theme of ʺennuiʺ." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002009.
Full textZiegler, Robert Hugo. "Buchstabe und Geist Pascal und die Grenzen der Philosophie." Göttingen V & R Unipress, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999572873/04.
Full textSzobody, Paul Edward. "Lorsque la bête pense comme un ange : la possibilité d'une dogmatique pascalienne." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA1036.
Full textIt is a curious thing to note to what extent the historical phenomenon of Jansenism and the religious community of Port-Royal is able to fascinate historians, people of letters and the philosophers, but there is a strange absence there of interested theologians. In fact, there are few scholarly studies on the dogmatic thought of Port-Royal theologians. Through their thought, profoundly rooted in the Augustinian polemical tradition of the University of Leuven aimed against the new scholastic of Molinism and the new moral theology of the Jesuit casuists, Jansenist theologians in France adeptly put their polemical efforts in the practical arena of the Church. As a result, the Jansenists shook up the religious circles of 17th and 18th century French culture. Briefly stated, Jansenism was a churchly and doctrinal movement, principally in France, that is best understood as an attempted reform within the heart of the Roman counter-reform, and whose goal was to restore the ancient quality of penitence by way of a theological and spiritual culture expressly Augustinian. The Jansenists identified two problems, both caused (in their estimation) by the absence in the Church of authentic conversion operated by grace. Their movement proposed in general a practical response as well as a dogmatic one: 1) renew the life of the Church through means of penitential discipline, one modeled after that of the ancient Church; and 2) deepen, by way of theology, the understanding of original sin and its present affects in order to define the exact nature of the work of grace necessary for the conversion of the sinner in his/her postlapsarian state. In so doing, the Jansenist writers produced a vast and rich corpus of literature that touches the breadth of theological science. Furthermore, since the last part of the twentieth century, scholars like L. Ceyssens, J. Orcibal, L. Lafuma, J. Mesnard and P. Sellier, among others, have carried out research that helps to eliminate, or at least to diminish, the older characterizations of Jansenism. Thus, their works have opened new vistas for theological research that is more objective and respectful of the Augustinian authenticity of this movement’s doctrine. . .
Thirouin, Laurent. "Le modele du jeu dans la pensee de pascal : le hasard et les regles." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040007.
Full textAs a mathematician as well as an apologist, pascal had to deal with gamblers. This work intends to show that game-playing is an essential model in pascal's own thought. Two main aspects of game-playing are examined here : chance and rules. Chance is, for pascal, the condition of man after the fall. All the rules which govern social life, can therfore be related to the rules of a game : arbitrary but compulsory. The christian is different from the philosopher, to the extent that he accepts to live in a world which functions according to the logic of a game. In his argument of "the wager", pascal applies to the search for god a type of mathematical reasoning which he had developed in order to understand the function of chance in games. A preliminary study of pascal's work concerning chance allows us to analyse "the wager" by taking into account its mathematical character and its status as a game; this study shows how a utilitarian argument works its way into the apology of christian religion
Reusser, Fernand. "Fidéisme et rationalisme : Pascal et ses contemporains." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUEL031.
Full textIf we define religion as the whole of the relationships between God and man we find two trends : one - the theocentric one- stresses the part played by grace, God reveals himself ; the other - the anthropocentric one - stresses man's activity, man turns himself to god. Sometimes, these two trends complement each other harmoniously, often, they violently clash. It was so during the fourth and fifth centuries in the christological and trinitarian disputes, and again, in the battles between advocates and opponents, about the doctrine of salvation through faith only. Pascal's contemporaries knew this tension. Defenders and adversaries of religion were fighting in the name of reason, but both sides often used irrational arguments. In philosophy, scolasticism and cartesianism imposed rationalism, however, one must not forget a powerful platonical trend, nor Gassendi's epicurean sensualism. For their spiritual life, some people followed the voluntaristic precepts of ignatian piety, but the french school of spirituality preached man's total submission to god. Pascal felt this contradiction within himself. His scientific pursuits prompted him to trust reason, his augustinian pessimism to distrust it. His case is exemplary : it does not relate to the field of religion only. The question is to know whether, in every branch of knowledge, reason, left to its sole powers can bring certainty. Must we not turn to another faculty that Pascal calls "the heart"? He did not define it, he left it to us to discover its part - important in the profane sciences, very active in the act of faith. It may even lead to mystical knowledge
Lyraud, Pierre. "« L’homme passe l’homme » : Figures de la finitude chez Pascal." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/2020SORUL069.pdf.
Full textIn an article entitled “L’ascension et la chute”, Philippe Sellier showed how these antithetical movements structure Pascal’s imaginary world. But Pascal does not strictly oppose them: he rather highlights the dialectical tension which leads man to surpass his limits and brings him back to these limits. Our thesis aims to synthetize the way Pascal explores the finite human condition and its paradoxical tensions, from a rhetorical and philosophical point of view. We see in Pascal’s works a poetics of finitude, encapsulated in a phrase that we regard as its “spiritual etymon”: “L’homme passe l’homme”. The first part focuses on the incarnate dimension of man and its linguistic consequences : how to write about the union of body and soul that is man, if we can’t understand it ? The second part focuses on the limits of the mind and on the way Pascal makes room – textually – for what one cannot comprehend and demonstrate. A third part studies the links between the will and its ultimate end – happiness, unattainable without the grace of God : how then can we understand the idea of inciting man to the search of God ? A fourth part questions the collective dimension of finitude and then reinterrogates Pascal’s enunciative choices in the Pensées, oscillating between irony and benevolence. A fifth part, eventually, draws the portrait of the Christian condition which appears to humiliate and transform the body and the language
Fournier, Laurent. "Etude de l'argumentation et de la rhétorique dans les Provinciales de Pascal." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS002S.
Full textThe goal of this study is to analyse the argumentation and the rhetoric in Pascal's Provinciales. The study considers three questions. Will the battle of the Provinciales have been mostly a " battle of ethos " ? Is there a rhetoric specific to Pascal? And can the Provinciales be considered a pamphlet? The first section studies the audiences, actors and spectators, addressed by the author. The second section studies whether the Provinciales can be considered as a pamphlet in a context of rising satirical writing. The third section analyses the ways of argumentation and rhetoric in the Provinciales. Finally, the analysis of the text helps to identify its various satirical and polemical aspects, and most of all its pamphleteer aspects ; it shows how the Provinciales have been able to be a real " battle of ethos "; and it brings out the characteristics of a rhetoric specific to Pascal, a rich one, strongly inspired by religious sources, and guided by charity
Mboup, Coulibaly Ndeye Anthia Rakhy. "Pascal, Bergson et la question de Dieu : une comparaison impossible ?" Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA082906.
Full textThis study has for object to reappraise closenesss who appear to impose oneself between the gait by who Bergson has been conducted to give for centre to his thought the question of the intuition and the one by who Pascal has redeemed the specific dimension of the order of the heart, and this in a new tentative of comprehension of the text bergsonien. Because this horizons proximity to who they seem to work out sign does he justify to lend them a same problem, a same question for the philosophy ? Thimbles ever the thesis has confronted social scientific contexts in who their respective gestures have been operated, deprived experiences who have supported them, the elaboration of a listening of the sucking experience of the philosophical argumentation that they have each for departs them husbanded. She has more specifically to search the genesis mobilized concepts to both, examining if she converges or so contrary she diverges with the orientation in situation of conceptual developped exception by intimate elasticities of their thoughts. Lastly a confontation with the cartesian text has permitted of better to underline the intellectual existed kinswoman so-so authors, but light cart and past same this last a kind of mystical complicity round the moral ideal
Sadfi, Rim. "De l'usage de toxique au pari de Pascal : positionnements subjectifs dans les différents traitements." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070067.
Full textUnterner, Patrice. "Pascal et la sophistique : etude sur les rapports de l'argumentation pascalienne avec la tradition sophistique chez les grecs." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040242.
Full textPérouse, Marie. ""Quelque chose de ce grand dessein" : les premières éditions des Pensées (1670-1678)." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/perouse_m.
Full textThe discovery of what was later to be known as the Pensées was for Pascal's relatives the cause of a sad disappointment : instead of the apology of the religion that would glorify christianism and confound the atheists, they found hundreds of cut up papers bearing unevenly developed texts, sometimes left as sketches, other times almost unreadable. After many hesitations it was eventually decided to publish them : this dissertation is dedicated to the genesis of this first edition of the Pensées also known as "the Port Royal edition". In this work I tried to define which ideological and stylistical criterions the members of the "Port Royal Commitee" selected in order to transform the material left by Pascal from mere fragements into a book. My work is also a reflexion on the notion of fidelity : the first editors of the Pensées often chose to respect the spirit of Pascal's text rather than its letter. The first part is dedicated to the history of the conception of the book from 1662 to 1678, year of the enlarged edition of the "Pensées sur la religion chrestienne, et sur queques autres sujets". The second part is centred on the notion of order : I tried to define according to which principles, effective or not, the Commitee composed the book. Those principles, I think, are much more numerous than the critics admitted until now. In the third and last part are examinated the fields where the rewriting of the fragments for the publishing was the most significant, namely the language, the theological thought and the anthropological thought
Leduc-Fayette, Denise. ""La clef de Job", Pascal : la liberté le mal." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040169.
Full textThe purpose: restitute the augustinian Pascal to his specific atmosphere, the bible. The whole of his writings is decrypted in constant reference with the biblical "fore-text", on the horizon of courter-reform and port-royalist translation of the bible. The Pensées must be readed like a palimpsest of the book, and especially of the book of Job, according to a metonymy. The same apocalyptic structure can be detected in the bible, its monad, the famous poem of the Old Testament and the apology. Job is the "peg" of its moving architecture, in the double parallel between him and Salomon or Moses. The main point is that job, as figure of Christ, according to the traditional spiritual exegesis, gives the "key" of mystery of evil Pascal stands clear of theodicies, and his job's lecture is radically different from the later interpretations which will consider the man of Hus as a challenger of god. The answer is religious. It reverberates only the dogma. The sacrificial theology of the author, inseparable of his conception of surnatural temporality brings to light the catharsis of evil
Lami, Claudia. "L'ultraphilosophie de Giacomo Leopardi et ses rapports avec Blaise Pascal dans le contexte de la littérature et de la philosophie moderne." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT5031.
Full textIn "Storia dell' Astronomia", written in 1813 at the age of 15, Leopardi analysed the scientific theories that constitute the history of astronomy. The young schoar attrbuted an important role to the Copernican theory ; in fact, the Copernican theoryrepudiated the ancient Ptolemaic theory of the universe, deposing The Earth and Man from their place at its center. .
Bouchard, Hélène. "Pascal et la Mystique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040158.
Full textNot many texts by Pascal deal with the mystical experience. In addition to the Memorial, relating an experience of God on a sheet of paper, and to the Prière pour le bon usage des maladies,some letters, written to Miss de Roannez, give advice on how to approach God, as well as other spiritual letters, like that written after his father’s death, dealing with the Christian’s attitude facing death. Sur la conversion du pécheur brings out the difficulties of a man in search of God. However, greatly exceding those few explicit texts on the subject, it appears that this topic is the essential keystone to undestand Pascal’s work, bringing to light all its meaning. This ultimate and transcendent viewpoint partly explanable by the Pascal ‘s family and social context makes it possible to go deeper into his scientific approach, and the relation carried on with the Bible. Our aim is thus to put Pascal’s entire work in the perspective of the the Judaeo-Chistian mysticism history, highlighting in particular the way Pascal adapted the spirit and the biblical mysticism, in a tradition connected to the Platonic dualism. Pascal’s mysticism is thus defined as the desire for the union with God, mediated by the figure of Christ, and resulting in a relationship of each moment, where man feels transformed, deified, in a sense of joy
Higaki, Julie. "Péguy et Pascal : les "Trois ordres" et l' "Ordre du cœur"." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040106.
Full textRochette, André. "Un temps, un homme, un discours : étude de la mort dans les Pensées de Blaise Pascal à partir de l'histoire du XVIIe siècle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28414.
Full textCiocoiu, Elena. "Les configurations de l'imaginaire pascalien." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040204.
Full textUntil now, the concept of imaginary, which started to arouse researchers' interest around the middle of the 20th century and which has been inspiring more and more studies during these years, has been used especially for the understanding of 19th and 20th century authors and very little for the analysis of 17th century authors. This thesis tries to demonstrate its effectiveness for the exploration of Pascal's "Pensées", identifying several echoes among Pascal's works and a correspondence between the strategies of his imaginary and the strategies of his writing. The study is formed of a prologue presenting four important contributions to the theories of imaginary made by Gaston Bachelard, Gilbert Durand, Henry Corbin and Jean Burgos, then a series of methodological tools used for the elaboration of a systemic approach of imaginary, organized in three parts: "Man in front of the World", analysing the divisions of reality and the organisation of the scenery in Pascal’s works, "Man in front of Himself", examining the hypostases of the self and man’s relationship with time, and "Man in front of God", a part studying, as its name indicates, man's relationship with divinity. The epilogue, comparing Pascal's imaginary and Père Le Moyne's imaginary, in order to see the relationship between Pascal's imaginary and the aesthetic categories of baroque and classical, opens the way for the confrontation of imaginaries and proposes to consider Pascal's imaginary as a frontier imaginary, characterised by a dialectical tension between baroque and classical features. The study aims at demonstrating the existence of a coherent system of images expressing a specific perspective upon the world
Yamajo, Hirotsugu. "Pascal et la vie terrestre. Épistémologie, ontologie et axiologie du « corps » dans son apologétique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040110.
Full textWe comment on the epistemology, ontology and axiology of the notion of man as a body or “corps” according to Blaise Pascal, in order to shed light on the concept in relation to his apologetic views. According to Pascal, “customs” and “sentiments”, the two fundamental ways of understanding the human form, provide man with secular and religious beliefs, which both allow and yet prevent him from transcending his earthly state. This equates to the ambiguous nature of realities which Pascal calls “corps”: The term refers both to purely profane matters considered as objects for scientific research, and to religious ones with their inherent symbolism, the subject of veneration. To Pascal, man, being of flesh and blood, is fated to be caught between greatness and misery; it is this axiologically ambiguous position that demands from man faith — the hope for the eternal and spiritual life, which is denied him in life on earth
Gosselin-Lavoie, Pierre-Louis. "Approches philosophiques de la conversion chez Pascal et Kierkegaard." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29911/29911.pdf.
Full textGodfroy-Genin, Anne-Sophie. "De la doctrine de la probabilité à la théorie des probabilités : Pascal, la "Logique de Port-Royal", Jacques Bernoulli." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040268.
Full textIn the 1654-1713 period, modern probability emerged simoustaneously from the calculations on games of chances and their applications to business and law; as well as from the calculations and tables concerning large collections of data as in mortality tables; and from the philosophical and theological concept of qualitative probability, as herited from Aristotle and Aquinas and revised by the Jesuit casuists. The standard solution of the division problem discovered in 1654 by Pascal and Fermat allowed the idea of quantifying uncertainty, and after fifty years of difficulties in conceptualisation, shifted from a theological doctrine of probability to a mathematical theory of probabilities. At first an instrument to support a rational decision under uncertainty, it progressively became a tool of epistemic measurement of belief, an objective measure of uncertainty and a new logic against the progress of septicism. This enlightens modern discussions on the nature of probability
Casoni, Mariana Mansano [UNESP]. "Um filósofo na rua Erê: presença de Pascal em O amanuense Belmiro, de Cyro dos Anjos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94057.
Full textEn 1937, Cyro dos Anjos publie sa première oeuvre: O amanuense Belmiro, dont les sujets abordés sont concernant à l’homme, à la société, à la vie. Cyro réflèche cettes questions d’une façon différent desquelles on avait eu produit dans ce moment là dans le pays, à cause qu’ il se préoccupe plus avec l’individu et ses conflits que la société. Le récit se développe avec légèreté et lyrisme, envoleppée de philosophie, surtout, du philosophe Blaise Pascal. A partir d’elle est possible penser aux conflits qui entoure l’homme, comme ses misères, ses passions, son existence dépourvue de sense. La philosophie de Pascal est esquissée au travers de discussions entre Belmiro et Silviano, que, fréquemment abordent les sujets que Pascal discute dans son oeuvre Pensées, publiée en 1670. Par cettes reflexions et attitudes, est possible observer la présence de la parodie, surtout quand Belmiro débattre par rapport à comme conduire la vie, de la philosophie, ainsi que le rôle du inttelectuel dans la société. Cette dissertation visa fazer une analyse de la notable presence de Pascal en O amanuense Belmiro, de Cyro dos Anjos, tendo em vista les discussions entre les personnages, au cours du roman, par rapport la philosophe français. Quoique les marques françaises soient nombreuses dans la première oeuvre écrit par l’auteur mineiro, Pascal se dégage pour l’expressive quantité de allusions et citations retirer de Penseés. On l’intention de comprendre l’importance de cette presence et le rôle qu’il desempenha en O amanuense Belmiro, par ce confrontation entre l’oeuvre française et la brésilienne, en dégagent ses ressemblances et différences et en cherchent hypothèses pour expliquer le dialogue intertextuel établit avec le moraliste français
Em 1937, Cyro dos Anjos publica sua obra de estreia: O amanuense Belmiro, que aborda temas referentes ao homem, à sociedade, à vida. Cyro reflete sobre estas questões de um modo diferente do que estava sendo produzido naquele momento no país, visto se preocupar mais com o indivíduo e seus conflitos do que com a sociedade. A narrativa se desenvolve com leveza e lirismo e é envolta em filosofia, sobretudo, a do filósofo francês Blaise Pascal. A partir dela, é possível pensar os conflitos que cercam o homem, como suas misérias, suas paixões, sua existência desprovida de sentido. A filosofia de Pascal é delineada por meio das discussões entre Belmiro e Silviano que, com frequência, abordam os temas que Pascal discute em sua obra Pensées, publicada em 1670. Por meio de suas reflexões e atitudes, é possível observar a presença da paródia, sobretudo quando Belmiro questiona a respeito de como conduzir a vida, da filosofia, bem como o papel do intelectual na sociedade. Esta dissertação visa fazer uma análise da marcante presença de Pascal em O amanuense Belmiro, de Cyro dos Anjos, tendo em vista as discussões entre os personagens, no decorrer do romance, a respeito do filósofo francês. Embora as marcas francesas sejam numerosas na primeira obra escrita pelo autor mineiro, Pascal se destaca pela expressiva quantidade de alusões e citações retiradas de Pensées. Pretende-se compreender a importância dessa presença e o papel que ela desempenha em O amanuense Belmiro, por meio do confronto entre a obra francesa e a brasileira, destacando suas semelhanças e diferenças e buscando hipóteses para explicar o diálogo intertextual estabelecido com o moralista francês
Frigo, Alberto. "Pascal philosophe et auteur spirituel." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN1572.
Full textDubreucq, Éric. "La chair, le cœur et la grâce : le rôle de l'augustinisme dans la genèse du rapport à soi." Lille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL3A003.
Full textBoyer, Frédéric. "Comprendre et compatir : l'exégèse biblique du récit au secours d'une herméneutique littéraire : Pascal, Dostoievski, Proust." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070032.
Full textAUnderstanding narratives from the biblical tradition can't be separated from the observance of justice which enjoins us to love others, our brothers. The Christian exegesis is acknowledgement in itself, through the forms of the related life of the people of Israel, of the incarnate body of god made human acting to save us from the beginning. The inseparable couple of the exegetic Christian tradition : interpretation and charity, implies the revelation of this world of justice towards our neighbour through scripture. From its biblical origin, writing slides off its status of substitute and becomes the area of freedom of a tradition based on verbal figures the meaning of which educates our relation to the world more than il would proceed from it. The task of understanding texts no longer consists in overcoming the distance between the horizon of the text and that of the interpreter only. Access to interpretation can be reached only if it allows the strengthening of fraternal links by turning the meaning of literary work into meaning for our coming existence itself. With a study of the biblical notion of "figure" in les Pensees by Pascal, the Christian originality is an offer of an hermeneutic temporality to the man who is confronted with the apocalyptic questions of existence. . . .