Academic literature on the topic 'Pass Transistor Logic (PTL) style'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pass Transistor Logic (PTL) style"
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Arunabala, Dr C. "Design of a 4 bit Arithmetic and Logical unit with Low Power and High Speed." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 5 (2021): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.e8660.0310521.
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In this presented work we designed the 4- bit Arithmetic & Logical Unit (ALU) by using the different modules. The Various modules are AND gate & OR gate designed with six transistors, While the XOR modules is designed with both eight transistors & six transistors. The six transistor XOR module gives optimized results. Another one is the four by one multiplexer designed with eight transistors implemented using Pass transistor logic (PTL) style. The full adder module is designed by using 18 transistors implemented through PTL style. Here because of PTL style the number of transistor count optimized such that the constraints get optimized results. By using the AND, OR, XOR, 4X1 MUX and full adder modules with reduced transistor count we designed the one bit ALU. With one bit ALU we designed 4 bit ALU and compared the outcomes with conventional 4 bit ALU design so that the proposed 4 bit ALU design has optimized transistor count, area, power, delay and power delay product (PDP). Simulations are verified through 130nm mentor graphics tool.
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Dr.C.Arunabala*, Ch.Jyothirmayi, N. S. V. Sreeja.T D, Burra Hrithika Suma, Udumula Reddy, and I.R.AnushaDevi. "Design of a 4 bit Arithmetic and Logical unit with Low Power and High Speed." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) 10, no. 5 (2021): 87–92. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.E8660.0310521.
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In this presented work we designed the 4- bit Arithmetic & Logical Unit (ALU) by using the different modules. The Various modules are AND gate & OR gate designed with six transistors, While the XOR modules is designed with both eight transistors & six transistors. The six transistor XOR module gives optimized results. Another one is the four by one multiplexer designed with eight transistors implemented using Pass transistor logic (PTL) style. The full adder module is designed by using 18 transistors implemented through PTL style. Here because of PTL style the number of transistor count optimized such that the constraints get optimized results. By using the AND, OR, XOR, 4X1 MUX and full adder modules with reduced transistor count we designed the one bit ALU. With one bit ALU we designed 4 bit ALU and compared the outcomes with conventional 4 bit ALU design so that the proposed 4 bit ALU design has optimized transistor count, area, power, delay and power delay product (PDP). Simulations are verified through 130nm mentor graphics tool.
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Lin, Jin-Fa, Zheng-Jie Hong, Chang-Ming Tsai, Bo-Cheng Wu, and Shao-Wei Yu. "Novel Low-Complexity and Low-Power Flip-Flop Design." Electronics 9, no. 5 (2020): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050783.
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In this paper, a compact and low-power true single-phase flip-flop (FF) design with fully static operations is presented. The design is developed by using various circuit-reduction schemes and features a hybrid logic style employing both pass transistor logic (PTL) and static complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic to reduce circuit complexity. These circuit optimization measures pay off in various aspects, including smaller clock-to-Q (CQ) delay, lower average power, lower leakage power, and smaller layout area; and the transistor-count is only 17. Fabricated in TSMC 180 nm CMOS technology, it reduces by over 29% the chip area compared to the conventional transmission gate FF (TGFF). To further show digital circuit/system level advantages, a multi-mode shift register has been realized. Experimental measurement results at 1.8 V/4 MHz show that, compared with the TGFF design, the proposed design saves 64.7% of power consumption while reducing chip area by 26.2%.
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Rohit, Kumar *. Sachin Tyagi. "DESIGN OF LOW-POWER FULL ADDER IN 0.18 µm CMOS TECHNOLOGY." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 8 (2016): 446–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.59758.
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With the increase in device integration level and the growth in complexity of Integrated circuits, small delay and low power dissipation become important parameters as these increases performance and portability. Battery storage is limited, to extend battery life; low power operation is the primary requirement in integrated circuits. Furthermore, high speed and multiple parallel applications need high computing power, placing greater demands on energy storage elements within the system. Large power dissipation in high performance digital systems requires large size heat sinks. These off chip component makes chip bulky and require large space. Secondly, extra heat in integrated circuit degrades the system performance. The full adder (FA) is a very important and basic building block in Arithmetic and Logic unit (ALU) of digital processor. The most widely accepted metrics to measure the quality of a digital circuit or to compare various circuit styles is power delay product. Further, Portability imposes a strict limitation on power dissipation while needs more computational speeds. The reduced power consumption and the improved speed require optimizations at all levels of the design procedure. CMOS technology has low power dissipation. Many researchers have developed various logic styles to implement Full Adder such as conventional static CMOS, dynamic CMOS, transmission gates, NORA[38] which has various advantages and limitation. Conventional Static CMOS has been used in much processor design. Static Pass Transistor circuit can also be used for Low Power applications. Dynamic circuit is also useful in Low Power high speed systems with careful clocking. Reversible logic is also noticeable recently for reducing the power dissipation. Quantum arithmetic component design requires reversible logic circuits. Reversible logic circuits has several applications such as in low power digital design, nanotechnology , DNA and quantum computing. In the proposed work, the limitation associated with the above mentioned design style are studied and the transistor count reduction is done to reduce the power dissipation. The newly proposed structures will be simulated using SYMICA simulator software and 0.18 µm CMOS technology is selected for simulation. The proposed design will definitely reduce the power dissipation at-least 20%.
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Cho, Geun Rae, and Tom Chen. "On Mixed PTL/Static Logic for Low-power and High-speed Circuits." VLSI Design 12, no. 3 (2001): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/59548.
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We present more evidence in a 0.25 μm CMOS technology that the pass-transistor logic (PTL) structure that mixes conventional PTL structure with static logic gates can achieve better performance and lower power consumption compared to conventional PTL structure. The goal is to use the static gates to perform both logic functions as well as buffering. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed mixed PTL structure beats pure static structure and conventional PTL in 9 out of 15 test cases for either delay or power consumption or both in a 0.25 μm CMOS process. The average delay, power consumption, and power-delay product of the proposed structure for 15 test cases are 10% to 20% better of than the pure static implementations and up to 50% better than the conventional PTL implementations.
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Pandey, Neeta, Damini Garg, Kirti Gupta, and Bharat Choudhary. "Hybrid Dynamic MCML Style: A High Speed Dynamic MCML Style." Journal of Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8027150.
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This paper proposes hybrid dynamic current mode logic (H-DyCML) as an alternative to existing dynamic CML (DyCML) style for digital circuit design in mixed-signal applications. H-DyCML introduces complementary pass transistors for implementation of logic functions. This allows reduction in the stacked source-coupled transistor pair levels in comparison to the existing DyCML style. The resulting reduction in transistor pair levels permits significant speed improvement. SPICE simulations using TSMC 180 nm and 90 nm CMOS technology parameters are carried out to verify the functionality and to identify their advantages. Some issues related to the compatibility of the complementary pass transistor logic have been investigated and the appropriate solutions have been proposed. The performance of the proposed H-DyCML gates is compared with the existing DyCML gates. The comparison confirms that proposed H-DyCML gates is faster than the existing DyCML gates.
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Ganesh, Racha, K. Lal Kishore, and P. Srinivasa Rao. "Performance Analysis of Hybrid Comparator using 45nm Technology." CVR Journal of Science and Technology 25, no. 1 (2024): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32377/cvrjst2503.
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In the present real-time world, due to the improvements and innovations of System on Chip (SoC) applications, there is a requirement to integrate multiple technology design topologies. The electronic system design is classified as analog, digital, and mixed-signal design. The comparator is the major building block used in the datapath of System on Chip (SoC) application device. The usage of these devices depends on not only functionality but also on the non-functionality parameters considering different performance estimation metrics. The nonfunctional performance metrics for a transistor level design depends on the number of transistors, switching activities of logic level voltages and delay between input and outputs. These performance metrics are improved by considering the multiple logic families for multiple output generations instead of using a single logic family topology. The comparator is the major component in the arithmetic circuits for SoC applications and can be realized by using various design topologies. The vividly used topologies are Conventional CMOS logic, Pass Transistor Logic (PTL), Gate Diffusion Input (GDI) Logic, Stacking technique, Quantum-dot cellular automata, etc. The selection of the design topology for the comparator is made based on the non-functional parameters. The performance of non-functional parameters is improved by combining the topology architectures of different design techniques. In this paper, the comparator is designed using conventional CMOS logic, PTL, GDI, and a hybridized topology for best performance and the same is implemented using 45nm technology. These circuits are designed by using Cadence Virtuoso Electronic Design Automation (EDA) design tools. Non-functional performance parameters are analyzed for different topologies. Index Terms: VLSI Design, Comparator, Datapath, EDA tools, CMOS Logic, GDI Logic, PTL Logic.
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Rajasekhar, K., B. Sandhya, G. Srinivas, and N. Manogna. "Performance of Different Full Adder Structures for Optimized Design." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 8, no. 2 (2020): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.822013.
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Design of high performance and energy efficient digital systems are one of the most important research areas in VLSI system design which is suitable for real-time applications. One of the functional elements used in complex arithmetic circuits is an adder. To design an energy efficient adder one-bit full adder cell is designed based on adiabatic logic. The proposed ALFA cell is designed using adiabatic logic which results with the negligible amount of exchange of energy with the surrounding environment. Therefore, the application circuits based on this logic will have negligible energy loss due to heat dissipation. It requires 24 transistors to get the true and complimentary arithmetic sum and carry output. The proposed adiabatic logic based full adder (ALFA) cell processes the three single bit inputs and provides the output as sum, carry, sum bar and carry bar in a single architecture. The proposed ALFA cell reduces the power consumption by 98.49%, 90.93%, and 89.37%, respectively, when compared to CMOS full adder, 14T pass-transistor logic (PTL) with transmission gate (TG) full adder and 16T PTL with TG full adder.
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Siddaiah, Premananda Belegehalli, Sahithi Narsepalli, Sanya Mittal, and Abdur Rehman. "Area and power efficient divide-by-32/33 dual-modulus pre-scaler using split-path TSPC with AVLS for frequency divider." Journal of Electrical Engineering 74, no. 5 (2023): 403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2023-0048.
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Abstract Pre-scalers are electronic circuits used in phase-locked loops to multiply frequencies. This is achieved by dividing the high-frequency signals generated from a voltage-controlled oscillator. The high-frequency operation of pre-scaler circuits leads to significantly higher power consumption. To address this, D flip-flops (D-FF) realized using true-single phase clocking (TSPC) logic. The work suggests incorporating the Adaptive Voltage Level Source (AVLS) circuit with the Dual Modulus Pre-Scaler (DMPS) circuit to reduce power consumption. In addition to the incorporation of the AVLS circuit, pass transistor logic (PTL) used in the feedback, further minimizes transistors and power. This paper proposes three different designs for divide-by-32/33 DMPS circuit. The proposed-1 design combines regular TSPC-based D-FF with PTL in the feedback and an AVLS circuit, resulting in an average power reduction of 36.5%. The proposed-2 design employs split-path TSPC-based D-FF with logic gates and an AVLS circuit, achieving a power reduction of 46.9%. The proposed-3 design employs split-path TSPC-based D-FF with PTL in the feedback and an AVLS circuit, achieving a significant power reduction of 47.8% compared to the existing DMPS circuit and transistor count by 9.1%. The proposed circuits are realized using a CMOS 180 nm technology node. Cadence Virtuoso and Spectre tools are used. The proposed divide-by-32/33 DMPS circuits also realized in the CMOS 45 nm technology node to verify the functionality in the lower technology node. A power reduction of 46.86% observed when compared to the reference circuit. The proposed designs are both power- and area-efficient, making them promising solutions for minimizing power consumption in pre-scaler circuits.
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Lamani, Deepa Suranam, and Dr H. V. Ravish Aradhya. "Design of Low Power 64-Bit Hybrid Full Adder." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 8 (2023): 2200–2205. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55554.
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Abstract: In the realm of Computer Science, integrated circuits (ICs) have propelled microprocessor and digital signal processor development, hinging on the 1-bit full adder's significance for mathematical tasks. To amplify overall efficiency, enhancing this adder is pivotal. As demand surges for power-efficient devices like smartphones and MP3 players, maintaining a balance between speed, size, and power usage becomes imperative. Engineers tackle this challenge while bridging battery technology gaps. We propose advanced 1-bit full adder designs, evaluated via Cadence Virtuoso. A hybrid version merges Pass-Transistor Logic (PTL), Transmission Gates (TGs), and static CMOS logic. An optimized alternative incorporates efficient 3T-XOR logic. The comparative study considers crucial metrics: the existing FA’s 8.83µW power vs. the proposed's 8.49µW; the proposed's shorter delay of 64.53ps vs. the existing FA’s 83.1ps (18 vs. 22 transistors). At 64 bits, the existing FA’s consumes 66.8µW with a 470.94ps delay (1408 transistors), while the proposed maintains 35.05µW, 64.53ps, and fewer transistors (1152). In summary, the proposed adder excels in efficiency, delay, and transistor use for energy-efficient arithmetic operations.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pass Transistor Logic (PTL) style"
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Garg, Rajesh. "Generalized buffering of pass transistor logic (PTL) stages using Boolean division and don't cares." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5906.
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Pass Transistor Logic (PTL) is a well known approach for implementing digital circuits.
In order to handle larger designs and also to ensure that the total number of series
devices in the resulting circuit is bounded, partitioned Reduced Ordered Binary Decision
Diagrams (ROBDDs) can be used to generate the PTL circuit. The output signals of each
partitioned block typically needs to be buffered. In this thesis, a new methodology is presented
to perform generalized buffering of the outputs of PTL blocks. By performing the
Boolean division of each PTL block using different gates in a library, we select the gate
that results in the largest reduction in the height of the PTL block. In this manner, these
gates serve the function of buffering the outputs of the PTL blocks, while also reducing the
height and delay of the PTL block.
PTL synthesis with generalized buffering was implemented in two different ways. In
the first approach, Boolean division was used to perform generalized buffering. In the second
approach, compatible observability don't cares (CODCs) were utilized in tandem with
Boolean division to simplify the ROBDDs and to reduce the logic in PTL structure. Also
CODCs were computed in two different manners: one using full simplify to compute
complete CODCs and another using, approximate CODCs (ACODCs).
Over a number of examples, on an average, generalized buffering without CODCs
results in a 24% reduction in delay, and a 3% improvement in circuit area, compared to
a traditional buffered PTL implementation. When ACODCs were used, the delay was reduced by 29%, and the total area was reduced by 5% compared to traditional buffering.
With complete CODCs, the delay and area reduction compared to traditional buffering
was 28% and 6% respectively. Therefore, results show that generalized buffering provides
better implementation of the circuits than the traditional buffering method.
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Ragavan, Rengarajan. "Reconfigurable FSM for Ultra-Low Power Wireless Sensor Network Nodes." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniska komponenter, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-100121.
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Wireless sensor networks (WSN) play an important role in today’s monitoring and controlsystems like environmental monitoring, military surveillance, industrial sensing and control, smarthome systems and tracking systems. As the application of WSN grows by leaps and bounds, there is anincreasing demand in placing a larger number of sensors and controllers to meet the requirements. Theincreased number of sensors necessitates flexibility in the functioning of nodes. Nodes in wirelesssensor networks should be capable of being dynamically reconfigured to perform various tasks is theneed of the hour.In order to achieve flexibility in node functionality, it is common to adopt reconfigurablearchitecture for WSN nodes. FPGA-based architectures are popular reconfigurable architectures bywhich WSN nodes can be programmed to take up different roles across time. Area and power are themajor overheads in FPGA based architectures, where interconnect consumes more power and area thanlogic cells. The contemporary WSN standard requires longer battery life and micro size nodes for easyplacement and maintenance-free operation for years together.Three solutions have been studied and evaluated to approach this problem: 1) Homogenousembedded FPGA platform, 2) Power gated reconfigurable finite state machines and 3) Pass transistorlogic (PTL) based reconfigurable finite state machines. Embedded FPGA is a CMOS 65nm customdeveloped small homogenous FPGA which holds the functionality of the WSN nodes and it will bedynamically reconfigured from time to time to change the functionality of the node. In Power gatedreconfigurable FSM architecture, the functionality of the node is expressed in the form of finite statemachines, which will be implemented in a LUT based power gated design. In PTL based reconfigurablefinite state machine architecture, the finite state machines are completely realized using PTL basedcustom designed sets of library components. Low power configuration memory is used to dynamicallyreconfigure the design with various FSMs at different times.
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Tsai, Ming-Yu, and 蔡明諭. "An Efficient Hybrid CMOS/PTL (Pass-Transistor-Logic) Synthesizer and Its Applications to the Design of Arithmetic Units and 3D Graphics Processors." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09027930047814983581.
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博士<br>國立中山大學<br>資訊工程學系研究所<br>98<br>The mainstream of current VLSI design and logic synthesis is based on traditional CMOS logic circuits. However, in the past two decades, various new logic circuit design styles based on pass-transistor logic (PTL) have been proposed. Compared with CMOS circuits, these PTL-based circuits are claimed to have better results in area, speed, and power in some particular applications, such as adder and multiplier designs. Since most current automatic logic synthesis tools (such as Synopsys Design Compiler) are based on conventional CMOS standard cell library, the corresponding logic minimization for CMOS logic cannot be directly employed to generate efficient PTL circuits. In this dissertation, we develop two novel PTL synthesizers that can efficiently generate PTL-based circuits. One is based on pure PTL cells; the other mixes CMOS and PTL cells in the standard cell library to achieve better performance in area, speed, and power. Since PTL-based circuits are constructed by only a few basic PTL cells, the layouts in PTL cells can be easily updated to design large SoC systems as the process technology migrates rapidly in current Nano technology era. The proposed PTL logic synthesis flows employ the popular Synopsys Design Compiler (DC) to perform logic translation and minimization based on the standard cell library composed of PTL and CMOS cells, thus, the PTL design flow can be easily embedded in the standard cell-based ASIC design flow. In this dissertation, we also discuss PTL-based designs of some fundamental hardware components. Furthermore, the proposed PTL cell library is used to synthesize large processor systems in applications of computer arithmetic and 3D graphics.
Conference papers on the topic "Pass Transistor Logic (PTL) style"
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Sudhakar, Pasupuleti Naga, and Vijaya Kishore Veparala. "Design of GNRFET ternary circuits using pass transistor logic (PTL)." In THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ICE-ELINVO 2023: Digital Solutions for Sustainable and Green Development. AIP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0249485.
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Meher, P. K., Shen-Fu Hsiao, Chia-Sheng Wen, and Ming-Yu Tsai. "Low-Cost Design of Serial-Parallel Multipliers Over GF(2^m) Using Hybrid Pass-Transistor Logic (PTL) and CMOS Logic." In 2010 International Symposium on Electronic System Design (ISED 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ised.2010.33.
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