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Journal articles on the topic 'Passenger to Tehran'
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Shahbazi, Hossein, Vahid Hosseini, Sara Torbatian, and Masoud Hamedi. "Assessment of Emission Reduction Scenarios with a Focus on the Impact of Vehicle Fleets on Tehran Air Quality: Case Study." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 5 (2019): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119836770.
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In recent years, the city of Tehran has frequently experienced severe air pollution episodes, and the increase in the use of vehicles has exacerbated this critical situation. It is unclear to what extent each vehicle category contributes to the production of pollution during a pollution event. For this purpose, a combination of the weather research and forecasting (WRF) and the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) modeling systems was used to simulate the distributions of pollutant concentrations over Tehran in a pollution episode from December 3 to 23, 2017. First, the performance of the modeling system was evaluated with respect to the simulation outputs against observations. Results showed satisfactory performance by the models in predicting meteorological parameters and pollutant concentrations. There were some discrepancies between measured and simulated pollutant levels that might have several causes, including, for example, not considering dust emissions in the system. The second step focused on the assessment of different emission scenarios to quantify the impact of each vehicle fleet in producing pollution during such severe episodes. For this reason, eight different scenarios were considered in which the emissions of each vehicle category were entirely eliminated from the corresponding scenario. The results show that the removal of passenger cars and motorcycles could have the most significant impact on PM2.5 reduction, with a maximum drop of 32% and 30%, respectively. In addition, the NO2 concentrations could be reduced by about 20% and 10% as a result of the removal of passenger cars and motorcycles, respectively. Finally, two traffic schemes with a main focus on the role of motorcycles on the degradation of Tehran’s air quality were also examined for the same episode.
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Saeidi, Tara, Mahmoud Mesbah, and Meeghat Habibian. "Sequenced Ordered Logit Model Considering Latent Variables for Determining Trip Satisfaction of Metro Passengers." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 9 (2020): 755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120931846.
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Improving the public transportation system to compete with the private modes requires an understanding of passenger perceptions of the service quality (SQ). In the literature, various models have been developed to identify effective SQ attributes and to assess their relationship with passenger satisfaction. However, most of them either ignore the socioeconomic and trip characteristics or consider them by a market segmentation approach. Since these variables can affect passenger perceptions, it is important to include them in the model. This paper aims to capture the effect of socioeconomic and trip variables by combining them with SQ attributes in a satisfaction analysis. An ordered logit model considering SQ latent variables is calibrated to model passenger satisfaction. The measurement part of a Structural Equation Model (SEM) is applied to construct latent variable structures. The case study was on the Tehran metro. The SQ attributes were used to form five SQ latent variables: “comfort,”“information,”“cleanliness,”“service,” and “safety/security.” The results indicate that socioeconomic and trip characteristics, as well as the SQ latent variables, had a significant effect on passenger satisfaction. From the results of this study, “service” and “comfort” were found to be the most effective contributors to satisfaction levels among the SQ latent variables. Among socioeconomic and trip characteristics, gender, education, driving license, egress mode, access time, and trip origin type (i.e., work, education, etc.) were also important in passenger satisfaction.
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Hafezi, Mohammad Hesam, and Amiruddin Ismail. "Balancing between Headway and Frequency Scheduling for Bus Service." Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.669.
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Bus networks occupy less space in city streets, and compared to other kinds of public transportation, need less investment cost. An accurate bus operation schedule which considers actual arriving and departure time is essential for bus companies, due to high passenger demand. In real-world cases, there are daily differences in the frequency of bus dispatch from the terminal, and headway of buses between each bus bay along their route, depending on peak hour traffic and resulting congestion. In this research we studied effective parameters for preparation of proper bus operation scheduling. Measures are essential to ensure that buses receive priority over other traffic, if they are to be attractive to passengers. Finally, we suggest some solutions for lessening interval time in headway and frequency scheduling for bus services. Data obtained from an actual bus operation in the city of Tehran in Iran was used in this study.
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Hakimzadeh, Behtash, and Mohammad Reza Talaee. "Analysis of a new strategy for emergency ventilation and escape scenario in long railway tunnels in the fire mode." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 233, no. 3 (2018): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718789541.
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The creation of a safe path for evacuating passengers from a tunnel during fire accidents is an important function of a mechanical ventilation system in tunnels. In this work, the operation of emergency ventilation in the fire mode in a long railway tunnel with push–pull ventilation shafts is analyzed using a fire dynamics simulator. As the passenger trains are lengthy – and so is a tunnel – when trains pass through a tunnel, the position of fire on the train becomes an important parameter for rescuing the passengers through a safe path. The novelty of this study is in the design of emergency ventilation scenarios that consider the position of fire on the train in addition to the tunnel ventilation shafts. For this case study, a lengthy (8 km) urban railway tunnel in Tehran with four rail tracks and eight ventilation shafts is considered for designing emergency ventilation scenarios and control of fire products. The fire source is a passenger train wagon with a 25-MW heat release rate. It is shown that, during the rescue operation of the passengers, the location of fire on the train may lead to reverse the ventilation scenario compared with the traditional ones that use only the tunnel shafts. Also, it is observed that there is a region with 50 m radius around each ventilation shaft, i.e. the absolute exhaust zone, where the ventilation system must be set at the exhaust mode due to the presence of fire, to minimize the spreading of fire products downstream. All the logical scenarios of the tunnel ventilation system are designed and demonstrated to create a critical ventilation velocity in the tunnel, which would help in developing a more precise control panel of the tunnel in the fire mode.
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Faroqi, H., and A. Sadeghi-Niaraki. "DEVELOPING GIS-BASED DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSIT SYSTEM IN TEHRAN CITY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1-W5 (December 11, 2015): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w5-189-2015.
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Create, maintain and development of public transport network in metropolitan are important problems in the field of urban transport management. In public transport, maximize the efficient use of public fleet capacity has been considered. Concepts and technologies of GIS have provided suitable way for management and optimization of the public transports systems. In demand-responsive public transportation system, firstly fellow traveller groups have been established for applicants based on spatial concepts and tools of GIS, second for each group according to its’ members and their paths, a public vehicle has been allocated to them then based on dynamic routing, the fellow passenger group has been gathered from their origins and has been moved to their destinations through optimal route. The suggested system has been implemented based on network data and commuting trips statistics of 1 to 6 districts in Tehran city. Evaluation performed on the results show the 34% increase using of Taxi capacity, 13% increase using of Van capacity and 10% increase using of Bus capacity in comparison between current public transport system and suggested public transportation system has been improved.
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Shoaei, Mozhdeh, R. Maddahin, H. Afshin, and B. Farhanie. "Designing Fire Scenarios for Subway Stations and Tunnels Based on Regional Approach." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 983–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.983.
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Development of cities as well as population growth causes to development of public transportation especially subway lines. The high capacity besides the high speed in transportation makes them the popular transportation system. Fire is the one of the most important issues that may occur in subways. The difference in flame size, emissionheat, smoke and pollutants generation of subway fires attracts an especial attention of fire investigators. The emergency ventilation of subways in the case of fire should have the ability of discharging heat, smoke and pollutants from passenger escape route and preparing a safe place for a specific duration. The optimal performance of emergency ventilation system has a close relation with fire scenarios. In this research the fire scenarios of Tehran subway are designed based on regional approach. In order to show the performance of ventilation systems in emergency mode, the fire scenarios are simulated using computational fluid dynamics. Simulations are conducted for steady and unsteady modes. In transient simulations, a fast t2 growth curve is used for the heat and smoke release rate. Simulation results show that new regional scenarios could provide safe escape routes to evacuate passengers during the fire.
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Kavousi, Amir, Ali Moradi, Khaled Rahmani, Salahdin Zeini, and Pegah Ameri. "Geographical distribution of at fault drivers involved in fatal traffic collisions in Tehran, Iran." Epidemiology and Health 42 (January 13, 2020): e2020002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020002.
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OBJECTIVES: According to Traffic Police, about 35% of deaths and more than 50% of injuries caused by traffic collision in the roads of Tehran are among drivers and car occupants. This study was conducted to determine areas with the highest number of traffic collisions and perform spatial analysis of traffic collisions involving drivers in Tehran during April 2014 to March 2017.METHODS: The present study was a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic research. In this study, all traffic collision that driver was accounted (100 percent or less) for crash occurrence which resulted in the death of at least one person (driver, pedestrian or passenger) were included in the analyses. Geographic information system software was used to show spatial distribution of events from zoning maps. Moran index was used in the mathematical analysis in order to determine the distribution pattern of the events from and Getis-Ord G statistics was applied to analyze the hot spots (high risk points).RESULTS: A total number of 519 traffic collisions were investigated in this study. Moreover, 283 cases (54.5%) of the incidents took place in direct routes and 236 cases (45.5%) occurred at intersections. The most frequent events were in the region 4 (57 cases) and the least frequent events were reported in the region 10 (6 cases). Moran statistics show that the distribution of the studied events significantly follows the cluster pattern (p<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The northeastern and northwest margins of Tehran are the most prone areas for drivers involved with traffic collisions leading to death. Most traffic collisions leading to death take place at highways located at the entrance and exit points of Tehran and highways in regions 2 and 5.
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Nassiri, Habibollah, Sara Tabatabaie, and Sina Sahebi. "Delay-based Passenger Car Equivalent at Signalized Intersections in Iran." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 29, no. 2 (2017): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v29i2.2040.
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Due to their different sizes and operational characteristics, vehicles other than passenger cars have a different influence on traffic operations especially at intersections. The passenger car equivalent (PCE) is the parameter that shows how many passenger cars must be substituted for a specific heavy vehicle to represent its influence on traffic operation. PCE is commonly estimated using headway-based methods that consider the excess headway utilized by heavy vehicles. In this research, the PCE was estimated based on the delay parameter at three signalized intersections in Tehran, Iran. The data collected were traffic volume, travel time for each movement, signalization, and geometric design information. These data were analysed and three different models, one for each intersection, were constructed and calibrated using TRAF-NETSIM simulation software for unsaturated traffic conditions. PCE was estimated under different scenarios and the number of approach movements at each intersection. The results showed that for approaches with only one movement, PCE varies from 1.1 to 1.65. Similarly, for approaches with two and three movements, the PCE varies from 1.07 to 1.99 and from 0.76 to 3.6, respectively. In addition, a general model was developed for predicting PCE for intersections with all of the movements considered. The results obtained from this model showed that the average PCE of 1.5 is similar to the value recommended by the HCM (Highway Capacity Manual) 1985. However, the predicted PCE value of 1.9 for saturated threshold is closer to the PCE value of 2 which was recommended by the HCM 2000 and HCM 2010.
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Hafezi, Mohammad Hesam, and Amiruddin Ismail. "Bus Scheduling Model for Adjustment Headway of Bus Carriers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 911–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.911.
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Nowadays, the total volume of passenger trip demand has increased due to population and economic growth. In this situation , government policy encourages people to use public transportation for inter-city trips. In the meantime, buses are the most widely used in transit technology today. The most important issue in buses service is timely arrival. Due to the limited capacity of the streets and increasing car production, we cannot devote a specific lane to bus operation to separate their operation from other traffic. Generally, actual arrival time of buses in comparison to planned arrival time occurs in three scenarios : sooner, on-time, and later. This article represents different scheduling model to achieve timely arrival. For this purpose we tested two different scenarios by actual public bus operation. The data was obtained in the city of Tehran, since Iran was used in this study.
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Mirzamohammadi, Saeed, Farid Ghaderi, and Mohammad Jadidi Ardakani. "Assessing the effects of removing of energy subsidies on urban passenger transportation within the city of Tehran based on a system dynamics approach." Management Science Letters 2, no. 6 (2012): 2125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2012.06.006.
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KAUR, RAVINDER. "Sacralising Bodies On Martyrdom, Government and Accident in Iran." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 20, no. 4 (2010): 441–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135618631000026x.
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AbstractIn post-revolution Iran, the sacred notion of martyrdom has been transformed into a routine act of government – a moral sign of order and state sovereignty. Moving beyond the debates of the secularisation of the sacred and the making sacred of the secular, this article argues that the moment of sacralisation is realised through co-production within a social setting when the object of sacralisation is recognised as such by others. In contemporary Iran, however, the moment of sacralising bodies by the state is also the moment of its own subversion as the political-theological field of martyrdom is contested and challenged from within. This article traces the genealogy of martyrdom in contemporary Iran in order to explore its institutionalised forms and governmental practices. During the revolution, the Shi'a tradition of martyrdom and its dramatic performances of ritual mourning and self-sacrifice became central to the mass mobilisation against the monarchy. Once the revolutionary government came into existence, this sacred tradition was regulated to create ‘martyrs’ as a fixed category, in order to consolidate the legacy of the revolution. In this political theatre, the dead body is a site of transformation and performance upon which the original narrative of martyrdom takes place even as it displaces it and gives new meanings to the act.A CrashOn the morning of 6 December 2005, an Iranian military plane C-130 carrying journalists and Army officials crashed near Mehrabad airport in Tehran. The plane was attempting an emergency landing when it hit a ten-storey apartment block, setting off a big explosion which set fire to the building. In all, one hundred and sixteen charred bodies were recovered – ninty four passengers and twenty two residents of the building – from the smoke and rubble in this working class area of south-western Tehran. The residents were mostly women and schoolchildren who had stayed home – because of an official anti-pollution drive – to avoid a thick layer of smog that had developed over Tehran skies over the previous few days. Dozens of people were injured on the ground and the riot police had to be called in to clear the area of curious onlookers who were blocking the emergency services.The plane crash was met with grief, guilt and hints of anger. The Iranian media was most vocal in its expression of rage – seventy eight journalists had lost their lives in an instant. The ‘Iran News Daily’, a leading English language newspaper based in Tehran, two days later devoted a full page to the crash coverage including scathing editorials demanding accountability and answers to “disturbing questions” from the government. The editorial entitled ‘Duty and Responsibility’ stated that “condolences are not enough. People, the near and dear ones of victims in particular, have the right to know. Did the C-130 have technical problems? Was it fit for the passenger service? What would have really happened if the flight was cancelled? Who gave the final permission for the journey to go ahead? Is this another case of human error or engine failure? How can such major loss of innocent life be explained, leave [sic] alone justified?”2Similarly, Hossein Shariatmadari, influential editor of the conservative Persian daily ‘Kayhan’, called for a full investigation, not because it would bring “the dead back to life but (to) prevent repetition of similar incidents and further disasters”.3As private and public condolences began pouring in – newspapers had allocated prime space for such purpose – President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad sent a short message through state media that dramatically altered the narrative of grief and anger against the authorities. The message read as follows: “I learned of the catastrophe and the fact that members of the press have been martyred. I offer my condolences to the Supreme Leader and to the families of the victims”. With this message the dead journalists had been officially pronounced ‘martyrs’ – a moral-political subjectivity that traces its genealogy to the martyrdom of Imam Hussein.4In a single moment, the burnt corpses were no longer the bodies of ordinary victims of a plane crash, but the corpses of martyrs, and their charred remains sacrificial relics.
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Sahelgozin, M., and A. Alimohammadi. "MODELLING TEMPORAL SCHEDULE OF URBAN TRAINS USING AGENT-BASED SIMULATION AND NSGA2-BASED MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION APPROACHES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1-W5 (December 11, 2015): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w5-645-2015.
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Increasing distances between locations of residence and services leads to a large number of daily commutes in urban areas. Developing subway systems has been taken into consideration of transportation managers as a response to this huge amount of travel demands. In developments of subway infrastructures, representing a temporal schedule for trains is an important task; because an appropriately designed timetable decreases Total passenger travel times, Total Operation Costs and Energy Consumption of trains. Since these variables are not positively correlated, subway scheduling is considered as a multi-criteria optimization problem. Therefore, proposing a proper solution for subway scheduling has been always a controversial issue. On the other hand, research on a phenomenon requires a summarized representation of the real world that is known as Model. In this study, it is attempted to model temporal schedule of urban trains that can be applied in Multi-Criteria Subway Schedule Optimization (MCSSO) problems. At first, a conceptual framework is represented for MCSSO. Then, an agent-based simulation environment is implemented to perform Sensitivity Analysis (SA) that is used to extract the interrelations between the framework components. These interrelations is then taken into account in order to construct the proposed model. In order to evaluate performance of the model in MCSSO problems, Tehran subway line no. 1 is considered as the case study. Results of the study show that the model was able to generate an acceptable distribution of Pareto-optimal solutions which are applicable in the real situations while solving a MCSSO is the goal. Also, the accuracy of the model in representing the operation of subway systems was significant.
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Hafezi, Mohammad Hesam, and Amiruddin Ismail. "Study Behaviour of Passengers on Transit Operation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 1154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.1154.
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Nowadays, delays problem are important issue in preparing schedule for public transportation. It is related to behaviour of passengers, behaviour of transportation means and interaction with traffic. Behaviour of passengers are including: demand patterns of passengers, fare payment and waiting time in station and in-vehicle. Behaviour of transportation means included fleet size and frequency of operation. The most interaction between public transportation and others traffic is in traffic congestion. In this paper, we studies different behaviour of passengers duration operation time in two points: in-station and in-vehicle. They are including: arrival rate of passengers, kinds of fare payment and waiting time. For illustrate behaviour of passengers on delays problem we survey they affects in bus operation. Hence, a case study based on an actual public bus operation in Tehran, Iran is used to demonstrate it.
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Shafiei, Saeid, Raeoof Vaelizadeh, Frederic Bertrand, and Manouchehr Ansari. "Evaluating and Ranking of Travel Mode in Metropolitan a Transportation Approach." Civil Engineering Journal 4, no. 6 (2018): 1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-0309174.
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Nowadays metropolitans' planners faced with a significant growth of private cars and consequently, creation a lot of environmental costs. To tackle the problem, the planners should find the best suitable way with due to the stakeholders’ views and other affected criteria to encourage the passengers for using the public transportation instead of their own cars. This paper has been performed to identifying and verifying main criteria affecting travel mode selection; getting different point of views; identifying the most effective travel mode from stakeholders' point of view and finally evaluating and ranking of travel modes in in Tehran metropolis. This study is a quantitative research based on survey and two structured questionnaires for passengers, experts and managers. In order to have an accurate data analysis, AHP as an MCDM models has been used to evaluate and ranking of travel modes. By identifying main criteria (variables) affecting travel mode selection, also collecting and analyzing stakeholders’ different points of views, the weight of each related criterion has been identified and determined and consequently the priority of effective travel mode in Tehran metropolis has been achieved. Finally, the managerial report has been prepared.
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Aashtiani, Hedayat Z., and Hamid Iravani. "Application of Dwell Time Functions in Transit Assignment Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1817, no. 1 (2002): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1817-11.
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The transit assignment process applied as part of the development of the Tehran transportation model is described. The process includes development of various models for dwell time as a function of transit volume. Dwell time is the time a transit vehicle spends at a stop to allow passengers to alight and board. This method was implemented by using EMME/2 transportation planning software. The calculation of dwell time is necessary in modeling transit assignment because an accurate estimation of dwell time will lead to more precise transit assignment results. The area analyzed in the model comprises various transportation analysis zones in the city of Tehran. The model output was shown to be statistically significant. Calculations were found to be valid when compared with observed data.
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Sajjadian, Fatemeh, Reza Sheikh, Mohammad Ehsan Souri, and Shib Sankar Sana. "Application of rough set and netnography in tourism marketing analysis." Journal of Modelling in Management 13, no. 4 (2018): 1025–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-02-2018-0029.
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PurposeSocial media has given customers more power over sharing their knowledge, opinions and experiences with each other. Tourists as customers of destinations are also using text ads on social media and websites to share their experiences. The purpose of this study is to find out the factors which have affect on the decisions of tourists towards the most popular destinations in Tehran, Isfahan and Shiraz of Iran.Design/methodology/approachNetnography methodology has been applied to 2,852 comments showing travelers’ experiences through TripAdvisor.com. As a result, ten major factors have been discovered. According to these factors, a questionnaire has been designed and distributed among 449 tourists. In the second step, the collected data are used by rough set theory to discover the rules of destination recommendation based on the factors discovered before. Finally, eight main rules are determined to further analysis.FindingsThe findings confirm that beauty, cultural attractions, safety, welfare, costs and dealing with passengers are more important than other observed dimensions.Originality/valueIn this study, first the factors affecting consumer behavior in the tourism industry have been investigated. Based on this, the comments of tourists who have traveled to one of the cities Shiraz, Isfahan or Teheran and shared their experiences on TripAdvisor.com are studied. Further, the rules are discovered based on the rough set theory, and owing to the large number of objects (449 customer), the Rosetta software has been used.
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Aghabayk, Kayvan, Sina Rejali, Seyed Alireza Samerei, and Nirajan Shiwakoti. "Evaluating Safety Issues for Taxi Transport Management." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (February 26, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6638640.
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Taxi drivers face many problems every day including safety issues. The tendency to quickly transport passengers to their destinations for more income has resulted in dangerous driving behaviors leading to traffic violations. So, taxi drivers need appropriate support and training programs to improve safety and reduce the risk of crashes. Implementing different support and safety training programs requires an effective management system. There is a dearth of research on the safety issues of taxis from the perspective of taxi organization managers. This study aims to evaluate the safety issues of taxi transport management through a case study of the Tehran Taxi Organization. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 22 regional managers and 20 transportation specialists of the Tehran Taxi Organization. Issues related to taxi drivers, roads and road users, vehicles, and management systems were evaluated in the questionnaire. Participants determined the relevance level and priority ranking of each question. The level of agreement was then tested using the Kendall concordance test. According to the results, the use of GPS was selected as the best in-vehicle monitoring system that can be used to evaluate drivers in the fleet. Participants believed that passengers’ loading and unloading had the most risk for taxi users. The start-inhibit technology to detect open doors was unanimously evaluated as an efficient technology for taxi safety. With respect to educating taxi users, starting education in schools had the most relevance and priority. Recommendations for increasing the safety of taxis include the use of GPS in taxis to monitor and evaluate drivers, receiving crash reports from police and submitting monthly safety assessment reports, flexibility in drivers’ working hours’ schedule, providing training on drivers fatigue management, and evaluating drivers’ health.
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DUMITRASCU, Andreea, Ioana ANDONE, Aura SPÎNU, et al. "A complex case of neuro-muscular rehabilitation with favorable evolution, in a patient with incomplete tetraplegia post cervical and thoracic spinal cord injury - surgically treated, in a politraumatic context, by car accident." Balneo Research Journal, Vol.11, no.4 (December 5, 2020): 524–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12680/balneo.2020.393.
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Introduction: Spinal cord injuries (SCI) are major conditions that usually determine severe and permanent dysfunctions, or even important loss of basic functions, generating severe or rather permanent sequels. They can have important chronic consequences such as: tetraplegia or paraplegia.(1). Materials and Methods: This paper presents the case of a young 19-year-old patient who suffered in March 2019, a car accident (passenger) with spinal cord injury (SCI) at cervical and thoracic level in a politraumatic context, hospitalized at the Neurosurgery Clinic (NS) II of TEHBA in a severe condition, for complete AIS/Frankel A tetraplegia, with a C7 fracture, T3, T4, T5 cominutive fractures with fragments in the medullary channel, minor traumatic brain injury, multiple costal fractures, abdominal trauma and respiratory failure. When the patient became hemodynamic and respiratory stable it was decided a neuro-surgical intervention, initially at cervical level through an anterior approach, with mixed osteo-sinthesis and C7 discectomy. Because of the spine instability, thoracic surgical treatment was delayed with 11 days, when he suffers a neurosurgery for medullary decompression, drainage and stabilization of the spine. In our clinical division, the patient was admitted with an incomplete AIS/Frankel B tetraplegia and initially followed a rehabilitation nursing program and subsequently continued with a recovery therapy according to clinical stages. The patient was assessed functionally using the following scales: AIS/Frankel, modified Ashworth, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Life Quality Assessment (QOL), FAC International Scale, Independence Assessment Scale in Daily Activities (ADL / IADL), Walking Scale for Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI). Results: The patient benefited from a complex neuro-muscular rehabilitation program, having a favorable evolution, with an increase in the evaluated scales scores – passing from AIS/Frankel B classification to a severe AIS/Frankel C stage, and thus, at the moment he is performing walking on short distances, through parallel bars, with long left leg orthosis and support from another person. It was tried a sphincter re-education, but, after urologic examination, because of the important spasticity in the lower limbs and of the urinary catheterization discomfort, it was decided that for a while the patient to remain with fixed urinary catheterization. Conclusions: Even if there is still no cure for SCI sequels, the accurate clinical-functional evaluation, the neurosurgical prompt therapeutic approach, adding complex nursing measures, personalized rehabilitative and kinetotherapy programs, in a young patient with SCI by car accident, determined neuro-locomotor improvements with an increase in patient’s quality of life.(1),(2). Keywords: spinal cord injuries, tetraplegia, traumatism, rehabilitation,
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Kohansal, Mohammad Reza, and Sasan Torabi. "Investigating Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Co-integration of the Factors Affecting the Passenger Rail Demand in Tehran Province." International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 5, no. 5 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v5-i5/1593.
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Samerei, Alireza, Kayvan Aghabayk, and Alireza Soltani. "Occupational Health and Job Satisfaction Assessment of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Drivers." Journal of Public Transportation 23, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/2375-0901.23.1.6.
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Several studies have focused on ergonomics of commercial and urban bus drivers; however, there exists a dearth of research on BRT drivers. This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the BRT drivers' mental health and satisfaction. The study was carried out on 171 BRT drivers in Tehran, Iran. The required data were collected through two questionnaires. The Classification and Regression Tree (CART) and Hierarchical clustering (HC) was used to extract factors affecting mental health and satisfaction of BRT drivers. The important factors affecting BRT drivers' mental health were: dispute with passengers, depression, BMI, criminal behaviours of passengers, driver's retirement conditions, driver's family conditions, fatigue and the rostering. In addition, the most important factors affecting driver satisfaction were: bus repairs, driver's seat and the sound inside the cabin. Possible practical application includes: creating a counseling and psychotherapy unit and improving the quality of buses and repairment.