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Hudoba, Michelle Jane. "Three-dimensional eye and head movements evoked by passive rotation of cats." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0021/MQ56183.pdf.
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Cheeseman, Jacob R. "Dynamic Tactile Information is Sufficient for Precise Curvature Discrimination." TopSCHOLAR®, 2015. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1509.
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Our tactile perceptual experiences occur when we interact, actively and passively, with environmental objects and surfaces. Previous research has demonstrated that active manual exploration enhances the tactile perception of object shape. Nevertheless, the factors that contribute to this enhancement are not well understood. The present study evaluated the ability of 14 older adults to discriminate curved surfaces by actively feeling objects with a single index finger and by passively feeling objects that moved relative to a restrained finger. The curvature discrimination thresholds obtained for passive-dynamic touch were significantly lower than those that occurred during active-dynamic touch. This result demonstrates that active exploratory movements of the hand and fingers do not necessarily lead to the best curvature discrimination performance; rather, performance was best in the current study when dynamic tactile stimulation occurred in the absence of active movement. The results of the present study also clarify those obtained by Norman et al. (2013), who found that active-dynamic touch was superior to static touch -- the current findings extend this previous research and indicate that passive-dynamic touch can yield performance that is even higher than what is obtained for active-dynamic touch.
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Schmidt, Daniel, Andresa M. C. Germano, and Thomas L. Milani. "Effects of active and passive warming of the foot sole on vibration perception thresholds." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-224242.
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Objective
Skin temperatures are known to increase cutaneous sensitivity. However, it is unclear whether the amount of improved sensitivity differs depending on the protocol of heat application. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of active (treadmill walking) and passive (infrared radiator) warming of the foot sole on vibration perception thresholds.
Methods
Sixty healthy and injury-free subjects voluntarily participated in this study. Vibration perception thresholds (200 Hz) and plantar temperatures were measured at the hallux and 1st metatarsal head. In experiment 1, warming and mechanically stimulating the skin was achieved by walking on a treadmill for 30 min. In a follow-up study (experiment 2), external plantar heat was administered via an infrared radiator (30 min).
Results
In both experiments, increasing temperatures led to increased plantar sensitivity. However, the amount of improved sensitivity was greater in experiment 1, although plantar temperature increases were lower compared to experiment 2.
Conclusions
Warming in conjunction with mechanical stimulation seems to have a greater potential to enhance plantar sensitivity compared to external heat supply only.
Significance
The possible influence of mechanical stimulation and warming towards superior plantar afferent feedback highlights its importance regarding human posture and fall prevention.
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Black, Benjamin Andrew. "Controlling a Passive Haptic Master During Bilateral Teleoperation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19716.
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Haptic devices allow a human to interact physically with a remote or virtual environment by providing tactile feedback to the user. In general haptic devices can be classified in two groups according to the energetic nature of their actuators. Devices using electric motors, pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders or other similar actuators that can add energy to the system are considered "active." Devices using brakes, clutches or other passive actuators are considered "passive" haptic devices. The research presented here focuses on the use of passive haptic devices used during teleoperation, the remote control of a "slave" device by the haptic "master" device. An actuation scheme as well as three different control methods is developed for providing the user with haptic feedback. As a final step, the effectiveness of the controllers is compared to that of a commercially available active haptic device. Twenty subjects provide data that shows the usefulness of the passive device in three typical teleoperation tasks.
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Handzic, Ismet. "Analysis and Application of Passive Gait Rehabilitation Methods." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5234.
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Human gait is elegant and efficient in propelling the body forward. While a healthy human gait is symmetric, any deviation from symmetry can cause inefficiencies to the entire body. Such asymmetries may present themselves in hemiplegic patients, prosthetic users, lower limb injuries, limb height and weight discrepancies, or abnormal overground foot rolling. In this dissertation, practical passive methods to alleviate such asymmetric walking dynamics are presented. The novel concepts presented in this manuscript can all be related and applied to passive gait rehabilitation, that is, the rehabilitation of a person's gait through methods that do not require external power. One of the passive rehabilitation solutions for asymmetric gait is the the Gait Enhancing Mobile Shoe (GEMS). The GEMS is designed to mimic the motions of a split-belt treadmill, which is commonly used for asymmetric gait rehabilitation. Two iterations of the GEMS prototype are presented. While the first development design of the GEMS was too bulky, it showed controlled and constant backward motion. The second fully mechanical design was tested on healthy participants and was successful in producing spatial and temporal aftereffects similar to those seen in split-belt treadmill gait studies.
In order to more accurately define the dynamics of the GEMS wheel as an individual steps on the shoe, mathematical models that predict the static and dynamic behavior of irregularly shaped curves on a flat plane as a weight is applied are derived and verified. While this kinetic shape concept can be applied to rolling irregularly shaped wheels, it can also be utilized to predict and manipulate roll-over motions of human feet, prosthetic feet, or even robotic biped feet. This kinetic shape concept was applied to develop a force dependent musical string instrument, transportation device, a more efficient walking crutch for controlled crutch walking, and a unique form of force mathematics.
The asymmetric kinematics of dissimilar human limbs can be synchronized for symmetry with a generalized passive kinematic synchronization technique that can match the motion of two or more dissimilar and uncoupled rotating systems. This kinematic synchronization technique introduced in this dissertation can be applied to duplicate the motion of swinging human limbs with dissimilar masses and mass distributions, which allows for the passive synchronization and rehabilitation of human limbs such as swinging arms and legs during walking. This technique also allows for the synchronization of mechanical systems such as pendulums, propellers, or rotating cams.
Finally, a detailed derivation of a two and three link passive dynamic walker (PDW) model with and without variable radius feet is presented. While PDW models have been studied and derived for decades, this dissertation offers a clear and complete guide on how to derive the kinematics and kinetics of the simplest compass gait, three-link point-foot, and for the first time, a variable radius foot PDW model, where the roll-over foot shape of the PDW can be dependent on its position or other kinematic variables. This advancement in the PDW model allows for the systematic evaluation of the change of various gait parameters such as foot roll-over shape or robotic foot dynamics.
This numerical biped model was compared to human gait parameters. This comparison included normal walking, tied- and split-belt treadmill walking, and GEMS walking. This model was also used to analyze the dynamic effects of changing the foot roll-over parameters such as foot roll radius and foot shape curvature. In addition, the PDW model was employed to investigate the perception of normal and pathological gait. The PDW model was systematically manipulated to produce walking patterns that showed a degree of abnormality in spatial and temporal gait parameters. This analysis showed that certain gait parameters may be asymmetrically changed to some extent without causing an abnormal perception.
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Liu, Ran [Verfasser]. "Mapping, Path Following, and Perception with Long Range Passive UHF RFID for Mobile Robots / Ran Liu." Aachen : Shaker, 2018. http://d-nb.info/118659019X/34.
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Lu, Qiuying Sandy. "Risk perception and secondhand smoke exposure a survey on catering workers' health effect in Hong Kong after smoke-free legislation, 2007 /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43085891.
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Redlick, Fara P. "The roles of optic flow and proprioception in the perception of active and passive linear self-motion." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq43401.pdf.
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Ragi, Camille. "N. O. I. S. I. V. : un système pour l'expérimentation en vision passive tridimensionnelle par ordinateur." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT011H.
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Nous etudions dans cette these, un systeme d'experimentation en vision passive tridimensionnelle, base sur l'utilisation d'un: robot portique supportant une tete stereoscopique, equipee de deux cameras c. C. D. , calculateur vectoriel. Les differents problemes abordes sont: la commande du robot portique, a partir de la modelisation des mouvements des cameras, le calibrage des capteurs: des procedures automatiques d'acquisition et de lissage des donnees 3d et 2d ont abouti a des modeles de prise de vues de grande precision (<0,1 pixel), les premiers traitements de l'information visuelle: les points contours des images sont obtenus a partir d'une cooperation entre filtres issus de donnees physiologiques et psycho-physiques; ils servent a engendrer des segments orientes, apres une operation de suivi, guidee par l'orientation locale des pixels, la synthese des differents resultats obtenus, dans une experience de mise en correspondance d'images d'objets polyedriques. Tous les algorithmes presentes dans cette these sont vectoriels
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Bennett, Thomas M. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SUBORDINATE'S PERCEPTION OF THE LEADERSHIP STYLE OF IT MANAGERS AND THE SUBORDINATE'S PERCEPTIONS OF MANAGER'S ABILITY TO INSPIRE EXTRA EFFORT, TO BE EFFECTIVE, AND TO ENHANCE SATISFACTION WITH MANAGEMENT." NSUWorks, 2009. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/hsbe_etd/11.
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The current study examined the Transformational, Transactional, and Passive/Avoidant Leadership styles as defined by Burns (1978) and Bass (1985) and how they are perceived by subordinates in predicting subordinate Extra Effort, manager Effectiveness, and Satisfaction with management. One hundred fifty IT professionals from AITP, Association of Information Technology Professionals, were administered the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire 5X-Short form (MLQ 5X-Short). The survey measured all nine full range leadership variables and results were analyzed using multiple regression.
Three hypotheses examined the relationship between the subordinate's perception of the leadership style of IT managers and one of three dependent measures: predicting subordinate Extra Effort, manager Effectiveness, and Satisfaction with management. Partial support was found for all three hypotheses. In the first, Transformational Leadership and Passive/Avoidant Leadership, but not Transactional Leadership was able to predict Extra Effort. In the second, Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership (via a slightly modified "reversed" form as well as the two subscales individually), and Passive/Avoidant Leadership were able to predict management Effectiveness. In the last, Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership (reversed and subscales), were able to predict subordinates' Satisfaction with their leaders. Most findings were consistent with existing literature. In addition, this study also identified several areas of further study.
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Liu, Ran [Verfasser], and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Zell. "Mapping, Path Following, and Perception with Long Range Passive UHF RFID for Mobile Robots / Ran Liu ; Betreuer: Andreas Zell." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1163282367/34.
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Younes, Elhem. "Poïétique de l’indiscernable : approche esthétique de la perception dans les environnements virtuels et oniriques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080017.
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Poïétique de l’indiscernable est une approche esthétique des modalités perceptives et imageantes déployées dans la relation aux environnements virtuels et oniriques. Elle désigne dans notre recherche-création, un état de conscience singulier et l’ensemble des qualités esthétiques d’une image. L’analyse détaillée des phénomènes du rêve, de l’hallucination, de l’imagination ainsi que des illusions perceptives, fondée sur une étude transdisciplinaire alliant science et phénoménologie, révèle les différents régimes de mise en jeu d’une conscience immersive et d’un sentiment de présence dans leur rapport causal à l’esthétique de l’indiscernable propre aux images oniriques. Le rêve, pris comme modèle de référence pour la mise en place d’une expérience onirique, nous a permis d’apprécier les conditions nécessaires et suffisantes à l’instauration d’un état d’indiscernabilité qu’il fallait compléter par les théories cybernétiques spécialisées en la matière. A partir de cette étape d’investigation les enjeux pratiques liés à notre démarche artistique se sont articulés. Ils concernent le processus même de génération d’un ensemble d’images numériques animées et d’une matière virtuelle destinée à une expérience interactive en temps réel et les dispositifs de mise en relation des spectateurs avec ces dernières. L’esthétique de l’indiscernable doit être le résultat d’une poïétique de l’indiscernable basée sur le principe de conversion créative caractéristique des phénomènes oniriques étudiés. Les images générées doivent éveiller l’imaginaire grâce à la structure intrinsèque et extrinsèque, instaurer une poïétique du regard et donner à vivre un état d’indiscernabilité<br>Poietics of the indiscernible is an aesthetic approach to perceptual and imaginary modalities deployed in relationship to virtual and oneiric environments. In our research-creation, it designates a singular state of consciousness and a set of aesthetic qualities of an image. A detailed analysis of dreaming, hallucination, imagination and perceptual illusions phenomena based on a transdisciplinary research linking science and phenomenology, reveals different challenging regimes putting at stake both an immersive consciousness and a sense of presence in their causal link to the aesthetic of the indiscernible proper to oneiric images. Dreaming, taken as a model reference for the establishment of an oneiric experience, allowed us to assess the necessary and sufficient conditions for triggering a state of indiscernibility that had to be completed by cybernetic theories specialized in this matter. From this investigation step practical issues related to our artistic approach have been hinged. The latter deals with the creation process of a range of digital animations and a virtual matter intended for a real time interactive experience, and the apparatus for putting spectators through them. The aesthetic of the indiscernible must be the result of Poietics of the indiscernible based on creative conversion, which is the essential principle of the studied oneiric phenomena. The computer-generated images have to awaken one’s imaginary by means of the intrinsic and extrinsic structures, establish a Poietic of gaze and eventually give rise to a state of indiscernibility
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Lewis, Thomas N. "Detection of scattered ambient noise by fish : possible passive perception of potential predators and prey from palpable pressure and particle path perturbations." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16017.
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Lu, Qiuying Sandy, and 呂秋莹. "Risk perception and secondhand smoke exposure: a survey on catering workers' health effect in Hong Kongafter smoke-free legislation, 2007." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43085891.
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Scalco, Giovana Pereira da Cunha. "Estresse no trabalho e autopercepção de saúde bucal em adultos brasileiros." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139444.
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Objetivo: investigar a associação entre estresse no trabalho e a autopercepção de saúde bucal. Método: Os dados analisados foram obtidos por meio de questionário de autopreenchimento de 3253 funcionários técnicos administrativos da Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro um Estudo do Pró-Saúde. O estresse no trabalho foi medido através de um questionário elaborado por Karasek 1970 e reduzido por Theorell 1988. O instrumento é composto pelas seguintes dimensões: alta exigência no trabalho (alta demanda e baixo controle), baixa exigência (baixa demanda e alto controle), trabalho ativo (altos níveis de demanda e controle) e passivo (baixos níveis de demanda e controle). Autopercepção de saúde bucal foi obtida pela pergunta: “De um modo geral, como você considera o seu estado de saúde bucal (dentes e gengiva)?”, com opções de resposta variando entre, “muito bom” e “muito ruim”. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se regressão logística ordinal, posteriormente ajustada para três blocos de variáveis: 1) saúde bucal (perda de dentes e dor de dentes nas duas últimas semanas) e uso e utilização serviço de saúde (frequência de visita ao dentista) 2) sociodemográficas (idade, sexo, escolaridade e renda) e 3) comportamentais em saúde (fumo e autopercepção de saúde geral). Resultados: Trabalhadores expostos à alta exigência e pouco controle no trabalho (OR=1,67; IC95%: 1,38-2,03) e ao trabalho passivo (OR=1,31; IC95%: 1,12-1,54), tiveram maiores chances de perceber pior saúde bucal, quando comparados àqueles expostos a baixa exigência no trabalho, não se observando associação com aqueles expostos ao trabalho ativo (OR=1,05; IC95%: 0,90-1,23). Entretanto, no modelo de regressão múltipla estas estimativas reduziram em magnitude e perderam significância estatística, a saber: alta exigência (OR=1,19; IC95%: 0,95-1,49), trabalho passivo (OR=1,09; IC95%: 0,91-1,31). Conclusão: Funcionários expostos a alta exigência no trabalho apresentaram pior saúde bucal autorreferida (modelo bruto e ajustado para os três blocos de variáveis) que parece ser parcialmente explicada pelas comportamentais em saúde, presença de problemas de saúde bucal (dor e perda dentária) e uso de serviços odontológicos com uma frequência maior do que uma vez ao ano.<br>Objective: To investigate the association between occupational stress and oral health self-perception. Method: Data obtained through a self-completion questionnaire with 3253 administrative technicians from a university in Rio de Janeiro, in the Pro-Health Study, were analyzed. Occupational stress was measured through a questionnaire prepared by Karasek, 1970, and reduced by Theorell, 1988. Oral health self-perception was obtained through the question: “In general, how do you consider your oral health state (teeth and gums)?”, with answer options ranging from “very good” to “very bad”. For data analysis, ordinal logistic regression was used, subsequently adjusted to three blocks of variables: 1) oral health (loss of teeth and toothache in the past two weeks) and use of the health service (frequency at which the dentist is attended); 2) socio-demographic (age, sex, schooling, and income); and 3) health-related behavior (smoking and general health self-perception). Results: Workers exposed to high strain and little control at work (OR=1.67; 95%CI: 1.38-2.03) and to passive work (OR=1.31; 95%CI: 1.12-1.54) had greater chances of perceiving worse oral health, when compared with those exposed to high-strain work, and no association was observed with those exposed to active work (OR=1.05; 95%CI: 0.90-1.23). However, in the multiple regression model, these estimates declined in magnitude and lost statistical significance, namely: high strain (OR=1.19; 95%CI: 0.95-1.49), passive work (OR=1.09; 95%CI: 0.91-1.31). Conclusion: Workers exposed to high-strain work presented worse self-reported oral health (raw model and adjusted to the three blocks of variables), which seems to be partially explained by health-related behavior, presence of oral health problems (toothache and dental loss), and use of dental services at greater frequency than once a year.
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Marthon, Philippe. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la résolution du problème de la vision passive tridimensionnelle par ordinateur : analyse d'un monde d'objets polyédrique." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT100H.
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Dans le premier chapitre, il est fait etat des recherches en vision par ordinateur et uneclassification des systemes de vision est proposee. Le deuxieme chapitre decrit le systeme de vision sirop qui est apte a reconnaitre et a localiser des objets polyedriques, etant donnes une seule image de la scene, un modele de la prise de vue et l'ensemble de tous les modeles d'objets susceptibles de se presenter. Le troisieme chapitre examine certaines conditions d'application de ce systeme a l'interpretation de scenes quelconques. Un nouvel algorithme de vision stereoscopique est propose: il commence par apparier des regions avant d'apparier les sommets eux-memes.
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Hauser, Maximilian Franz Arnold [Verfasser], Denise [Gutachter] Manahan-Vaughan, and Christian [Gutachter] Bellebaum. "An investigation of the neural processes underlying passive perception of visuospatial novelty / Maximilian Franz Arnold Hauser ; Gutachter: Denise Manahan-Vaughan, Christian Bellebaum ; International Graduate School of Neuroscience." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1197305564/34.
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Mahapatra, Arun Kiran. "Investigation of noise in hospital emergency departments." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45842.
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The hospital sound environment is complex. Emergency Departments (EDs), in particular, have proven to be hectic work environments populated with diverse sound sources. Medical equipment, alarms, and communication events generate noise that can interfere with staff concentration and communication. In this study, sound measurements and analyses were conducted in six hospitals total: three civilian hospitals in Atlanta, Georgia and Dublin, Ohio, as well as three Washington, DC-area hospitals in the Military Health System (MHS). The equivalent, minimum, and maximum sound pressure levels were recorded over twenty-four hours in several locations in each ED, with shorter 15-30 minute measurements performed in other areas. Acoustic descriptors, such as spectral content, level distributions, and speech intelligibility were examined. The perception of these acoustic qualities by hospital staff was also evaluated through subjective surveys. It was found that noise levels in both work areas and patient rooms were excessive. Additionally, speech intelligibility measurements and survey results show that background noise presents a significant obstacle in effective communication between staff members and patients. Compared to previous studies, this study looks at a wider range of acoustic metrics and the corresponding perceptions of staff in order to form a more precise and accurate depiction of the ED sound environment.
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Mohammadhasanzadeh, Sogand. "Worker's Behavioral Adaptation to Safety Interventions and Technologies: Empirical Evidence and Theoretical Considerations Through The Case of Simulated Residential Roofing Task." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97612.
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On-the-job injuries that occur even after implementing safety interventions highlight the need for identifying the limitations in them and for making future safety interventions and technological advances more effective. One possible reason for this lower-than-expected-safety returns is the latent side-effect of safety interventions, known as risk compensation. This dissertation aimed to provide empirical evidence and theoretical considerations of risk compensation effect in the construction industry. Accordingly, a multi-sensor immersive mixed-reality environment consists of a virtual projection of the environment and passive haptics of a roof was developed to study risk compensation among residential roofers. Simulating height, environmental factors (wind and sound), passive haptic, and virtual falls stimulated sufficient Sense of Presence to trigger subjects' behavioral changes while installing shingles on a 27-degree sloped roof under three levels of safety interventions (i.e., with no fall-safety intervention, with an injury-reducing fall-safety intervention—i.e., fall-arrest system—and with an injury-preventing fall-safety intervention— i.e., a fall-arrest system and a guardrail). The baseline demographic, psychographic, and cognitive measures combined with real-time tracking and wearable sensors provided an opportunity to track the worker's motions, localize his/her position, obtain real-time musculoskeletal data, and monitor the his/her behavioral and physiological responses. The collected data is then translated into information about the risk perception and risk-taking behavior of the worker.
The results yielded unequivocal evidence of risk compensation—the lower perceived risk associated with the situation (lower levels of stress) and the false sense of security among roofers when they were provided with safety interventions apparently encouraged them to be less cautious by leaning over the edge, stepping closer to the roof edge, spending more time exposing themselves to fall risk, over-relying on the safety equipment through different facing directions and choices of posture stability. As a result, they also experienced more near-misses (close calls). This behavioral adaptation was more pronounced when they were provided with an injury-preventing safety intervention (e.g., guardrail). The findings also suggested that the productivity and safety benefits of safety interventions can be negated due to risk compensation, which identifies vital information for the construction-safety community to consider during the design and implementation of more effective safety interventions and technological advances. Roofers with high risk tolerance and sensation seekers were identified as high-risk groups who are more likely to be involved in risk-compensatory behaviors; various behavioral interventions are suggested in this dissertation to counteract excessive risk-taking and to reduce risk compensation. The findings of this study shed light on the question of why injury rates have remained at worrisome levels despite advances in protective measures and interventions. In the long-term, a better understanding of risk compensation will translate into fundamental knowledge about how the construction industry should approach and maintain controls after safety interventions.<br>Doctor of Philosophy<br>While researchers have dispensed considerable efforts to reduce the risk of occupational injuries by implementing safety interventions, the large number of safety incidents occurring each year in the construction industry. It is hypothesized that the latent effect of safety interventions, known as risk compensation, might be a possible reason why many of the safety interventions and technological advances have not fully achieved their safety objectives. This dissertation aimed to empirically examine the changes in workers' productivity, risk perception, risk-taking behaviors as a function of different safety interventions in place. To study this within a risk-free setting, an immersive mixed-reality environment simulating roofing task was developed. Then, the reactionary behavioral responses of participants were monitored using real-time tracking sensors and qualitative sources of data while they were completing a roofing task under three counterbalanced levels of safety interventions (i.e., with no fall-safety intervention, with an injury-reducing fall-safety intervention—i.e., fall-arrest system—and with an injury-preventing fall-safety intervention— i.e., a fall-arrest system and a guardrail).
The findings indicated that the reduced perceived risk and the desire for increased productivity may skew risk analysis and strongly bias workers toward presuming invulnerability when safety interventions are in place. According to risk compensation theory, workers' risk tolerance and perceptions of risk influence their risk-taking behavior—as the perceived risk associated with the situation decreases, individuals take more risks to achieve a level of risk they can comfortably tolerate. Therefore, the workers might become less cautious by leaning over the edge, stepping closer to the roof edge, spending more time exposing themselves to fall risk, over-relying on the safety equipment through different facing directions and choices of posture stability. This result does not necessarily imply the safety innovations are completely ineffective, but rather demonstrates dangers users face when they misperceive the effectiveness of a safety intervention. Furthermore, roofers with high risk tolerance and a high sensation-seeking disposition were identified as high-risk groups who are more likely to be involved in risk-compensatory behaviors. This research represented a substantive departure from the status quo by proposing novel pathways for proactive incident prevention due to risk compensation in the construction industry. The contribution of this study is especially significant because a better understanding of risk compensation will translate into fundamental knowledge about how the construction industry should approach and maintain controls after safety interventions.
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Reiche, Martin. "Characterizing predictive auditory processing with EEG." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-226275.
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Predictive coding theorizes the capacity of neural structures to form predictions about forthcoming sensory events based on previous sensory input. This concept increasingly gains attention within experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience. In auditory research, predictive coding has become a useful model that elegantly explains different aspects of auditory sensory processing and auditory perception. Many of these aspects are backed up by experimental evidence. However, certain fundamental features of predictive auditory processing have not been addressed so far by experimental investigations, like correlates of neural predictions that show up before the onset of an expected event. Four experiments were designed to investigate the proposed mechanism under more realistic conditions as compared to previous studies by manipulating different aspects of predictive (un)certainty, thereby examining the ecological validity of predictive processing in audition. Moreover, predictive certainty was manipulated gradually across five conditions from unpredictable to fully predictable in linearly increasing steps which drastically decreases the risk of discovering incidental findings. The results obtained from the conducted experiments partly confirm the results from previous studies by demonstrating effects of predictive certainty on ERPs in response to omissions of potentially predictable stimuli. Furthermore, results partly suggest that the auditory system actively engages in stimulus predictions in a literal sense as evidenced by gradual modulations of pre-stimulus ERPs associated with different degrees of predictive certainty. However, the current results remain inconsistent because the observed effects were relatively small and could not consistently be replicated in all follow-up experiments. The observed effects could be regained after accumulating the data across all experiments in order to increase statistical power. However, certain questions remain unanswered regarding a valid interpretation of the results in terms of predictive coding. Based on the current state of results, recommendations for future investigations are provided at the end of the current thesis in order to improve certain methodological aspects of investigating predictive coding in audition, including considerations on the design of experiments, possible suitable measures to investigate predictive coding in audition, recommendations for data acquisition and data analysis as well as recommendations for publication of results.
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Daniels, Karin Elizabeth. "Hookah pipe use : comparing male and female university students' knowledge, risk perceptions and behaviours." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5109.
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Magister Artium - MA<br>Hookah pipe use is widely viewed as a safe alternative to cigarette smoking rather than a potential health-risk. In fact, for young people hookah pipe use may represent an initial stage of later addiction and the transition to cigarette smoking. Furthermore, studies conducted abroad, suggest that the use of the hookah pipe firstly started as a cultural phenomenon, and secondly, as with cigarette smoking, the hookah pipe has become a social phenomenon. Despite these challenges, studies provide sufficient evidence that hookah pipe use is a potential health risk. The primary aim of the study was to compare male and female university students’ knowledge, risk perceptions and behaviours concerning hookah pipe smoking. A quantitative methodological approach, with a cross-sectional design, was used to conduct the research study. A final self-selected sample of 389 participants voluntarily participated in this study. The final sample included 64% females and 36% males with a mean age of 22.2 years; with the mean age for first-time hookah pipe smoking was 15.7 years. The instrument used was a self-administered questionnaire constructed from The College Health Behavior Survey (2010-2011) which was developed at the University of Missouri-Columbia. Descriptive quantitative results were conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20) and presented. The results suggest 70% of hookah pipe users daily smoke the hookah pipe with more than 20% smoking on campus. This was similar for males and females. Users perceived the hookah pipe to be less harmful and less addictive than cigarette smoking. Furthermore, smoking the hookah pipe is considered socially acceptable and is also smoked in the family home. Implications for policy are stated.
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McKinnon, Neil 1971. "Passage, persistence and precision." Monash University, Dept. of Philosophy, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8203.
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Hancock, William Charles Richards. "Passion without perception : nonconformity and politics from 1893 to 1914." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405390.
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Malkinson, Samuel Lyon. "The effect of esthetic crown lengthening on perceptions of a patient’s attractiveness, friendliness, trustworthiness, intelligence, and self-confidence." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2689.
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BACKGROUND: Smile esthetics play a major role in the perception of a person’s attractiveness, as well as other social parameters. The study aim was to see if altering the gingival display of patients would affect perceptions of the aforementioned social parameters. METHODS: Smiling photographs were taken and then digitally altered so as to lengthen the teeth and reduce the amount of gingiva. These photographs were shown to a group of senior dental students, and a group of evaluators with no formal dental training. Groups were asked to rate each picture’s attractiveness, friendliness, trustworthiness, intelligence, and self-confidence. RESULTS: The digitally altered photographs were rated higher for all five social parameters than were their unaltered counterparts (p<0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups of evaluators. CONCLUSIONS: Excessive gingival display positively affected how attractive a person’s smile is judged, and also how friendly, trustworthy, intelligent, and self-confident they are.
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Delanoë-Brun, Emmanuelle. "La passion du je : perception du sujet dans l'oeuvre de John Barth." Paris 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030016.
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La perception et la representation du sujet sont au coeur de l'oeuvre du romancier americain john barth, a laquelle elles donnent une coherence au-dela de la diversite apparente des romans. Cette these se propose d'etudier le parcours d'un auteur qui, soulevant d'abord par l'entremise de narrateurs en quete d'eux-memes le probleme d'une conscience de soi ravagee, en vient a depasser paradoxalementla question du sujet dans une fiction plus ouvertement biographique, construite a deux voix. Une premiere partie etudie dans les deux premiers romans de barth les discours spectaculaires et fuyants de deux narrateurs incapables de se definir comme sujets, qui ecrivent pour palier a leur beance intime. La seconde partie met l'accent sur les romans de la demystification, dans lesquels barth s'attache a defaire par la parodie les mythes identitaires vehicules par la culture occidentale, ouvrant la voie a une litterature ludique, concue comme un jeu de construction et de deconstruction,discourant d'elle-meme en l'absence de point d'ancrage parfaitement fiable en amont comme en aval du texte. Mais ce jeu laisse progressivement transparaitre une confiance naissante dans l'autre, amante ou lecteucents ouvertements intimes et pourtant fictionnels, dans laquelle l'auteur met en scene les romans de son existence et chante le couple, garant d'une identite derobee dans le regard de l'autre. Conscient de la fictionnalite de toute representation de soi, barth invite son lecteur a le suivre dans le parcours rejouit des fictions, dans le deploiement d'une litterature fleuve. On. Mais cette double defaillance inscrite dans le discours laisse le champ libre a la creation fictive de soi dans une oeuvre aux accents ouvertements intimes et pourtant fictionnels, dans laquelle l'auteur met en scene les romans de son existence et chante le couple, garant d'une identite derobee dans le regard de l'autre. Conscient de la fictionnalite de toute representation de soi, barth invite son lecteur a le suivre dans le parcours rejouit des fictions, dans le deploiement d'une litterature fleuve<br>The perception and the representation of the self are major concerns in the works of the contemporary american novelist john barth, as these two issues provide his novels with a coherence that belie their apparent diversity. This dissertation aims at analyzing the evolution of a writer who first ponders on the difficulty for the individual to express his shattered and emptied out perception of himself, yet who eventually manages to subdue the question of the self in a fiction that tends paradoxically to get more and more autobiographical. The first part focuses on barth's first two novels, and on the spectacular yet slippery discourses of two narrators unable to define themselves as consistent subjects, who write to try and overcome their intimate void. The second part analyzes barth's subsequent attempts at demystifying a literature and culture intent on building up the myth of the independant self, first through parody then through deconstruction, in novels of a playful and disrespecful nature. However, beside the playfulness, there transpires in these novel be budding confidence in the other, reader or lover, towards whom barth's characters project their desire to be, although tey are well aware of their inner nothingness. Barth's latest novels, which are examined in the third part, ratify the impossibility to express the dislocated self and to evade the deceitful nature of representation. Yet this double failure liberates a tendency towards the fictive recreation of oneself in novels which paradoxically mix autobiographical yet openly fictionalized elements. The author stages the fictions of his own existence and promotes the image of the couple, which appears to him as the sole refuge of an identity that gets alienated yet inscribed in the eyes of the other. Aware of the fictive nature of self-representation, barth leads his reader into a delighted wandering through fiction, in the opening out of an ever expending literature
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Greer, William. "Male teachers' perceptions of factors influencing career progress : a study of career-passage strategies." Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57043/.
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This study is located in the time period of 198 to 1987, a time of change and disruption in teaching, and focuses upon men teachers' perceptions of their past and present career. It suggests that reduced promotion opportunities have led teachers to a preoccupation with strategic presentations of self for the advancement of their professional career, and examines the detail of this through the utterances of teacher-respondents in the course of tape-recorded interviews with the researcher. Attention is given to respondents' accounts of factors which, in terms of achieved rank, they perceive to have influenced career both favourably and unfavourably. The study examines teachers' understandings of the opportunities, in various areas of their work, where effective self-presentations may be made, but also shows the importance of the promotion interview as the crucial 'rite of passage' which transports the teacher to higher levels of rank. The data consist of the accounts which respondents have provided; these have been tape-recorded, and selected passages are presented verbatim and analysed. Thirty-one respondents have been involved in the production of the data, some of these providing several interviews each, and developing the role of 'key respondent'. The methodology of the study is presented in some detail . with particular attention being given to methods of conversation-type interviewing and the influence upon this of factors within the setting. In its conclusion the study attempts to draw attention to some under-examined areas of teacher research, and particularly to the-need for additional information on the perceptions of selection-panel members - and other 'gatekeepers' - and of the role of the 'sponsor' in the promotion of teachers at various bureaucratic levels.
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Wang, Man-ping, and 王文炳. "Perceptions, secondhand smoke exposure and smoking among Hong Kong children." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48521759.
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Background: Although perception predicts behaviours in general, it is less clear whether perceived peer smoking prevalence is associated with smoking among children. Although the harmful effects of smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure on health are well documented, little is known about the influence of SHS exposure on smoking behaviours, and the effects of smoking on perceived health.
Objectives: This thesis aims to investigate the associations of (1) overestimation of peer smoking prevalence and smoking initiation, (2) self-rated health (SRH) with smoking and SHS exposure, and (3) SHS exposure at home with smoking initiation, tobacco addiction and smoking cessation, among an under-studied population of Chinese children in Hong Kong.
Methods: A prospective study among primary school students (n = 2171) was conducted in 2006 (baseline) and followed up in 2008. A cross-sectional study on youth smoking (n = 36225) was conducted in 2003/4. Self-administered, anonymous questionnaires were used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, smoking status of the subjects, parents, siblings and other family members and SHS exposure at home and outside home. Other detailed information on smoking perceptions and behaviours were recorded among adolescents using standard questions adapted from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Self-reported smoking and SHS exposure were validated using hair nicotine tests. Logistic and linear regressions were used to yield adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and β-coefficients for poor SRH, smoking initiation, tobacco addiction and smoking cessation adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and school clustering effects. Mediation of SHS exposure at home on the associations of smoking family with smoking initiation, tobacco addiction and smoking cessation were evaluated using standard mediation procedures.
Results: Experimental smoking, ex-smoking and current smoking were associated with higher AORs for poor SRH than never-smoking among adolescents. Similarly, SHS exposure among never-smoking adolescents was linked to poor SRH. Overestimation of peer smoking prevalence significantly predicted smoking initiation (AOR: 1.79, 95% CI 1.03-3.13) among primary school students after 2 years, although SHS exposure did not predict overestimation. Living in smoking families and SHS exposure at home were significantly associated with smoking initiation and tobacco addiction, and hindered smoking cessation among adolescents (All p<0.05). The association between smoking family and child smoking was mediated by SHS exposure at home.
Conclusions: This study provided the first evidence that overestimation of peer smoking predicted smoking initiation among young children, and smoking was associated with poor SRH among Chinese adolescents. The significant associations of SHS exposure at home with smoking behaviours should stimulate further investigations into the underlying psychosocial and physiological mechanisms. Future prospective studies with more comprehensive measurements of smoking and SHS exposure are warranted to confirm these results. Evidence-based interventions to correct misperceptions and promote smokefree homes are needed to protect children from smoking and exposure to SHS.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Community Medicine<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Catic, Amina, and Melissa Todorovska. "Optimizing The Employer Value Proposition : A Study on Value Perceptions Amongst Passive Job-Seekers Within the Engineering Industry." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104014.
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Purpose: The purpose of this explanatory study is to extend the knowledge of how to develop an employer value proposition that conveys an attractive employer brand. Literature Review: Literature reviewed for this study includes the concepts of employer brand, employee value proposition, and different aspects of work attributes (i.e. interest value, social value, economic value, development value, and application value) that together form perceived employer attractiveness. Further literature that is reviewed includes the concepts of attitudes and the hierarchy of effects. Methodology: A mixed-method approach with a deductive logic of inquiry was adopted for this explanatory study, for which primary data of both quantitative and qualitative nature were collected from engineers, through the conduction of web-based self-completion questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Findings: The study found that the involvement and motivation level behind the hierarchy of effects had a significant impact on the perceived value of one of the categories of the work attributes reflecting the employer's attractiveness, whilst the perceived value of the other work attributes included in the study were not expected to increase or decrease in combination with the intensity towards job search activities. It was also found that the attitudes towards the behavior of applying for a job, measured through the involvement and motivation level towards job search activities, were shifting within the target group, hence influencing their perceived employer attractiveness. Further on, the study showed a consistent high perceived value of all work attributes that were studied, in terms of what work attributes to include in the employer value proposition. Meanwhile, a multidimensional nature of the perceptions on employer attractiveness was also acknowledged, which hence could be crucial in developing an employer value proposition that stands out on the employer market.
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Simonetta, Laetitia. "La connaissance par sentiment au XVIIIème siècle." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1035/document.
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Le XVIIIe siècle n’est pas seulement le siècle de la raison, il est aussi celui où le sentiment s’impose dans l’esprit de certains philosophes pour rendre compte de la façon dont certains objets sont connus. Le moi ainsi que les valeurs morales et esthétiques sont, par excellence, des objets qui échappent à une analyse rationnelle ainsi qu’aux perceptions issues des sens externes. Ils se donnent dans cette expérience intérieure qu’est le sentiment. La particularité de celui-ci est que, alors qu’il est une impression d’ordre affectif, constituée de perceptions de plaisir et de douleur, il est amené à représenter autre chose que l’état purement subjectif de l’âme. Tout le problème est de déterminer à quel point le sentiment constitue un mode de connaissance irréductible : est-il un principe de connaissance à part entière, à côté de la sensation et de la réflexion, ou simplement la manière de connaître de celui qui, ayant développé des habitudes de penser et de sentir, a l’impression de juger de façon immédiate ? Reconnu comme fait mais n’ayant pas de fondement clairement assignable, il est sujet aux interprétations les plus contradictoires. Placé au croisement d’un courant métaphysique et d’un courant empiriste radical, il incarne une des notions qui manifestent le plus fortement la diversité des écoles qui perdurent au siècle des Lumières<br>The 18th century is not only the age of reason, it is also the time when the sentiment becomes very important in the mind of some philosophers to explain how a certain kind of objects are known. The self as well as the moral and esthetic values are, par excellence, objects that escape both the rational analysis and the perceptions derived from external senses. They are given in an internal experience called sentiment, whom particularity is to represent something different from the pure subjective state of mind, although it is an affective impression, made of perceptions of delight and pain. The problem is to determine in what extent the sentiment represent an irreducible way of knowing: is it a source of knowledge of its own, next to sensation and reflection, or is it just an impression one’s get of judging immediately which occults a succession of unconscious judgments? Acknowledged as a fact, but lacking obvious foundation, it is likely to receive the most contradictory interpretations. At the intersection of a metaphysical current and an empiricist one, it embodies one of the notions that exhibit the diversity of schools which remains in the Enlightenment
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Durand, Karine. "La representation d'une representation le passage de 3 a 2 dimensions chez les bebes de 3 et 4 mois." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05H004.
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La question de la profondeur n'est pas nouvelle. Pourtant l'un des aspects de cette question n'a jamais vraiment ete examine. Il s'agit de la representation tridimensionnelle (3d) a partir d'un support bidimensionnel (2d) et de ses consequences sur la perception. Sept experiences sont realisees. Cette these se propose de faire une revue critique de l'histoire de la perception de la profondeur, de mettre en avant les paradoxes et les ambiguites qui ont jalonne son parcours avant de developper la question de sa representation a partir d'un support 2d et ses consequences sur la perception. Nous nous sommes demandes si un objet presente en 2d (sur un ecran de television) reste percu et concu en tant qu'objet par les bebes de 3 et 4 mois. Un paradigme d'habituation/reaction a l'evenement etrange est utilise et des situations classiques de permanence de l'objet sont proposees. La representation de la profondeur repose sur des indices d'interposition dynamique ou de perspective. Les resultats que nous avons obtenus suggerent qu'a difficulte cognitive egaie, la reussite est facilitee par l'augmentation du nombre d'indices perceptifs visuels. Les relations entre perception et representation sont discutees et nous visons a montrer que la perception de la representation apporte un nouveau regard sur la question de la profondeur<br>The question of depth is not a new question. However, there are aspects of depth not yet studied, one of which is the study of the three dimensional representation (3d) based on a two dimensional display (2d). The aim of this thesis is first to present a critical review of the history of depth perception, by putting forward the paradoxes and ambiguities which have punctuated its course, and also to develop the question of depth representation from a 2d display and the consequences of this representation on perception. Seven experiments have been conducted. An object was presented in a 2d display (on a television screen) to test if it remained perceived and understood as an object for 3 and 4 month old infants. A habituation/reaction-tostrange-event paradigm was used and classical situations like object permanence were tested. Depth representation relies on dynamic interposition cues or perspective cues. The results suggest that with an equal cognitive difficulty, success is facilitated by the increase of the number of visual perspective cues. As such, the relationships between perception and representation are discussed, and it shows that the perception of the representation brings a new perspective to the depth question
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Nedelec, Yvan. "How to best assess duration perception in the lab and the wild? : an exploratory journey into measuring time perception in train travels, and challenging the automaticity of duration deviance with neuroimaging." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS157.pdf.
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La cognition temporelle fait référence à notre capacité à estimer et utiliser des informations temporelles allant de quelques millisecondes à plusieurs heures. Bien qu'un grand nombre de travaux expérimentaux aient été réalisés en laboratoire pour identifier les facteurs (par exemple, l'attention, l'émotion) qui influencent notre perception de la durée, il n'est pas certain que ces résultats s'appliquent à nos expériences de la vie quotidienne. Cette question fondamentale et historique en psychologie expérimentale renvoie au dilemme "monde réel vs laboratoire", selon lequel les contraintes de laboratoire nécessaires à l'obtention de mesures comportementales fiables remettent en question leurs validités écologiques. Mon travail de thèse confronte ce dilemme en visant à exporter les expériences de laboratoire utilisées pour la recherche sur la perception de la durée dans un contexte écologique : les voyages en train. En laboratoire, j'ai d'abord utilisé l'électroencéphalographie (EEG) pour étudier et titrer un marqueur neuronal de l'encodage automatique de la durée, la négativité de discordance (MMN). La MMN détecte automatiquement les changements dans l'environnement sensoriel et a été rapportée pour des changements de durée. Ici, je cherchais initialement à utiliser la MMN comme marqueur implicite et automatique de l'encodage de la durée afin de l'utiliser dans les trains. J'ai testé plusieurs protocoles expérimentaux pour caractériser et reproduire la MMN de la durée, notamment en testant différentes échelles de durée (N = 23) dans des contextes rythmiques ou non rythmiques (N = 29). Mes résultats remettent en question la robustesse des travaux précédents sur la MMN de la durée. Cette observation corrobore avec ma revue de littérature qui examine si les précédentes études ont réellement démontré l'existence d'un MMN de la durée (par le biais d'une revue de littérature). Dans la situation écologique d'un train, à l'aide d'un questionnaire, j'ai étudié l'estimation de la durée, de la distance et de la vitesse, ainsi que leur relation au cours d'un voyage en train (N = 247). J'ai constaté que les participants estimaient correctement la durée écoulée et la distance parcourue, avec un point de régression situé vers la moitié du trajet. Les estimations de vitesse étaient moins précises et ne permettaient pas de prédire les estimations de durée ni de distance à partir de l'autre magnitude. De plus, les informations sensorielles disponibles à bord du train ont eu très peu d'effet sur les estimations de durée et de distance. Au contraire, plusieurs autres résultats suggèrent que la distance a été estimée à partir des estimations de durée et les connaissances a priori du voyage. Cela soutient l'hypothèse que les participants ont utilisé un mécanisme de carte cognitive temporelle, plutôt qu'un mécanisme de magnitude basé sur les sens, pour leurs estimations.En résumé, mon doctorat montre des exemples de l'apport de l'approche écologique en neuroscience cognitive, allant de la remise en question des résultats couramment acceptés dans la littérature, à la découverte de nouvelles observations spécifiques de contexte de la vie de tous les jours. Ces travaux ouvrent de nouvelles pistes de recherche en laboratoire et en contexte plus écologique, qui permettront de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de représentation de la durée, afin de préciser l'organisation et la représentation du temps de manière plus globale<br>Temporal cognition refers to our ability to estimate and use temporal information ranging from a scale of milliseconds to several hours. Although a large amount of experimental work has been performed in the laboratory to identify which factors (e.g., attention, emotion) influence our perception of duration, it is unclear whether these results generalize to our daily-life experiences. This fundamental and historical issue in experimental psychology refers to the “real-world or lab” dilemma, whereby laboratory constraints required to obtain reliable behavioral measurements question their ecological validity. My thesis work confronts this dilemma by aiming at exporting laboratory experiments used for duration perception research to an ecological and urban context: train travels.In the lab, I first used electroencephalography (EEG) to explore and titrate a neural marker of automatic duration encoding, the mismatch negativity (MMN). The MMN automatically detects deviances and has been reported for changes in duration. Herein, I wanted to use the MMN as an implicit and automatic marker of duration encoding for use in trains. I tested several experimental protocols to characterize and replicate the duration MMN, including testing different duration scales (N = 23) in rhythmic or non-rhythmic contexts (N = 29). However, my work challenges the robustness of the previous duration MMN reports and discusses whether prior experimental work truly made the case for the existence of a duration MMN.In the train, using questionnaire approach, I explored the estimation of duration, distance, and speed and their relationship across train journeys (N = 247). I found that participants correctly estimated the elapsed duration and the distance traveled, exhibiting a regression effect near the halfway point of the travel. Participants were less accurate for speed estimates, that did not predict duration nor distance estimates from the other magnitude. Additionally, sensory information available onboard had little effect on duration and distance estimation. Instead, several results suggest that distance was estimated using duration and the a priori knowledge of the journey, supporting the use of a temporal cognitive map.In sum, my PhD thesis shows examples of the benefits of the ecological approach, ranging from challenging accepted findings to discovering new specific observations from everyday life. This work opens new avenues of research, both in the laboratory and in more ecological contexts, which will provide a better understanding duration perception mechanism
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Edwards, Floyd. "U.S. Individuals' Perceptions of Government Electronic Surveillance After Passage of the USA Patriot Act." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4617.
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Since the implementation of the USA Patriot Act in October 2001, public trust in the U.S. federal government to protect individuals' right to privacy has been affected negatively. Many studies have addressed this topic, but few have delved deeply into the reasons behind the distrust. The purposes of this qualitative study were, to explore the perceptions and attitudes of U.S. citizens regarding the effect of the USA Patriot Act on their right to privacy, to determine whether a loss of trust in the government occurred, and to identify the factors contributing to the lack of trust. The theoretical foundation for this study was Rawl's Social Perspective of Public Trust, Sax's Augmentation of Social Contract Theory, and Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior. The central research question pertained to the views of U.S. citizens about the federal government's use of electronic surveillance to monitor their communication without their knowledge. A generic qualitative study design was employed using purposeful, semi-structured interviews of 20 purposely sampled adult male and female U.S. citizens. Data from the interviews were coded and categorized for thematic analysis. When confronted with the lesser known specifics of the electronic surveillance provision of the USA Patriot Act, participants were more likely to reject the government interference as an invasion of privacy. This study can provide guidance for the democratic basis of policymaking designed to protect U.S. citizens. The implication for social change includes providing information to policymakers of both the US and organizations of various sizes regarding the polarized views and lack of trust pertaining to electronic surveillance among U.S. public. This information can be used to implement program or campaign to foster trust.
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Lamotte, Mathilde. "Conscience du temps, sentiment de passage du temps : une approche métacognitive de la perception du temps." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF20001/document.
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La métacognition concerne à la fois les connaissances des individus sur leur fonctionnement cognitif et les processus qui permettent de les réguler (Koriat, 2007). Or, l’étude de la perception du temps a mis en évidence que de nombreux éléments peuvent provoquer des distorsions temporelles, notamment, par exemple, l’attention ou les feedbacks. L’objectif de ce travail est donc de proposer un modèle intégratif de la métacognition de la perception du temps ; autrement dit d’intégrer les données issues des recherches classiques sur la perception du temps au sein d’un modèle métacognitif (Nelson et Narens, 1990).Notre première question était de vérifier l’existence de connaissances sur la perception du temps, et en particulier sur les facteurs à l’origine de distorsions temporelles. Les 3 expériences de notre première étude nous ont conduit à créer et valider le Questionnaire Métacognitif sur le Temps (MQT). Ce dernier, constitué de 24 items, met en évidence l’existence de connaissances plus fiables pour soi (sous-échelle Soi, 12 items) que pour autrui (sous-échelle Autrui, 12 items), sur deux facteurs connus pour affecter la perception du temps : le facteur Emotion (4 items) et le facteur Attention (8 items).Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons étudié l’influence des processus métacognitifs sur les jugements temporels. Ainsi, nous nous sommes intéressées à l’influence du processus de Contrôle métacognitif sur la performance à deux tâches temporelles. Notre hypothèse était que les connaissances sur le temps permettaient de réguler les jugements temporels. Les résultats de nos deux études (Etude 2 et 3, respectivement composées de une et deux expériences) ont confirmé l’importance du processus de Contrôle dans le jugement temporel. Ainsi, la simple conscience du rôle de l’attention sur la perception du temps provoque une réduction de l’effet attentionnel généralement observé (Etude 2). De plus, les connaissances explicites, erronées, données aux individus, provoquent une réduction voire une disparition de l’effet émotionnel automatique de la colère sur les jugements temporels (Etude 3). Enfin, nous avons exploré le lien entre processus de Monitoring et jugements temporels. Notre quatrième étude a mis en évidence la capacité des individus à estimer précisément la justesse de leurs jugements temporels sous certaines conditions. En effet, il apparaît que les individus sont sensibles à la difficulté de la tâche et à la gamme de durée. Ces deux dimensions affectent à la fois les jugements temporels et les jugements de certitude.Dans l’ensemble, les résultats de ce travail soulignent l’importance qu’il y a à tenir compte des processus métacognitifs dans l’étude de la perception du temps<br>Metacognition concerns both individuals' knowledge about their cognitive functioning and the processes that regulate them (Koriat, 2007). The study of the perception of time showed that many factors cause temporal distortions, including, for example, attention or feedback. The purpose of this work is thus to propose an integrative model of metacognition of time perception; i.e. to integrate data based on conventional research on the perception of time in a metacognitive model (Nelson and Narens 1990).Our first question was to verify the existence of knowledge about the perception of time, especially on the factors responsible for temporal distortions. The three experiments of our first study led us to create and validate the Metacognitive Questionnaire on Time (MQT). The latter consists of 24 items that highlights the existence of knowledge, more reliable for oneself (subscale Self, 12 items) than for others (subscale Others, 12 items), on two factors known to affect time perception: an Emotion Factor (4 items) and an Attention factor (8 items).Secondly, we studied the influence of metacognitive processes on temporal judgments. Thus, we are interested in the influence of metacognitive Control process on performances in two temporal tasks. Our hypothesis was that knowledge about time allowed regulating the temporal judgments. The results of our studies (Study 2 and 3, respectively composed of one and two experiments) confirmed the importance of the Control process on temporal judgments. Thus, mere awareness of the role of attention on perception of time causes a reduction of the attentional effect generally observed (Study 2). Moreover, explicit erroneous knowledge given to participants causes a reduction or even disappearance of automatic emotional effect of anger on the temporal judgments (Study 3). Finally, we have explored the link between Monitoring process and temporal judgments. Our fourth study demonstrated the ability of individuals to accurately estimate the accuracy of their temporal judgments under certain conditions. Indeed, it appears that individuals are sensitive to task difficulty and duration range. These two dimensions affect both temporal judgments and confidence level estimates.Overall, the results of this study emphasize the importance to take account of metacognitive processes in the study of the perception of time
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Rissoan, Odile Grafmeyer Yves. "Trajectoires amicales et construction des positions lors du passage à l'âge adulte enquête auprès d'un amphithéâtre d'étudiants en première année /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2002/rissoan_o.
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Decobert, Lydie. "L' escalier ou les fuites de l'espace : une structure plastique et musicale." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010508.
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"Le propos de cette thèse a été de " reconsidérer " I ' escalier, élément architectural bâti ou figuré, symbole de l'élévation de l'être autant que de sa régression, le risque de chute étant constant. Nous estimons que l'escalier est plus qu'un moyen d'articulation et d'accès, qu'il est davantage qu'" un lieu " de passage: au regard des multiples directiol;ls spatiales qu'il génère ( formant autant de lignes de fuite ), nous avons émis l 'hypothèse que l'escalier excède ses fonctions reconnues et pourrait être le lieu privilégié des Fuites de l' espace. Chacun des " paliers " de cette recherche contribue à la construction des processus d'exploration de ces fuites, comprises comme expansions (Hermès) de forces contenues (Hestia), forces que nous pressentons de nature essentiellement musicale. Nous avons découvert que l'escalier, structure plastique et musicale est " le lieu " du passage, de la transformation comme du retour. "
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Mathews, Jr John R. "Student Perceptions of Teacher Credibility: A Predictor of Academic Success." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505251/.
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While the idea of source or teacher credibility dates back to the Greek philosopher, Aristotle, research to connect this perceived credibility with individual affective and cognitive growth is a more recent phenomenon. In 2009, a credibility learning model connecting perceived credibility to cognitive learning with university-aged subjects was established. In contrast, this research project focused on determining a link between K-12 students' perception of teacher credibility, as determined by a student survey, to cognitive academic achievement as rated by a standardized test, the State of Texas Assessment of Academic Readiness (STAAR). The survey data were obtained through a pre-existing campus climate survey that was created to assist campus and district administrators in determining campus needs and developing a campus improvement plan. The assessment data were obtained through the Texas Education Agency database. The data were analyzed using quantitative research methods, including traditional univariate and multivariate statistical techniques such as principal component analysis, chi-square tests for independence, and binomial logistic regression. The findings of the study revealed no link between the survey instrument used and student academic achievement on the STAAR reading and mathematics assessment. The survey used did not align with the review of literature regarding student's perception of teacher credibility nor did it align with students' academic success. Therefore, survey findings were not correlated with STAAR results.
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Clarke, Dawn. "An all-consuming passion : a sociological analysis comparing the self-perceptions of bulimic and non-bulimic women." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553094.
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Bulimia may be regarded as a form of behaviour consisting of episodic bouts of massive overeating followed by vomiting and sometimes purging. It has been studied mainly by medical doctors and psychologists who have tended to regard it as a pathological form of behaviour, perhaps symptomatic of more general psychological disorders. Previous studies of bulimics have tended to use clinical samples of (mainly) women who are undergoing therapy in order to eliminate their behaviour and its consequences and supposed psychological precursers. Bulimia has often been studied alongside other so-called eating disorders such as anorexia. Like anorexia, it has also attracted the attention of feminists who have tended to study samples of women taken from either clinical or self-help groups. The main problem with these earlier studies is that they have been based upon highly selected and atypical samples of bulimic women and have then sought to generalize their findings to bulimics in general. This thesis seeks to supplement and complement these earlier studies by sampling bulimic women in a different way so as to be able to study bulimics who are not undergoing any kind of therapy. The purpose of the study is to examine a neglected aspect of bulimia, namely the meaning that the behaviour has for the women themselves and to try to relate the meanings that they themselves formulate to other aspects of their social situation and experience. A pilot sample of volunteers was obtained who had read an article on this subject written by the author of this thesis and then supplemented by 'snowball sampling'. For comparative purposes samples of anorexics, dieters, exercisers and 'normals' were also interviewed. In all, depth-interviews were conducted with 54 women. The interviews were preceeded by a period if participant observation of women in an eating disorder self-help group and in a health and fitness club, and a dieting club. From an intensive and detailed study of the interview data, it was possible to identify certain recurring themes. Among these were a sense among the women that they lacked control over their daily lives and that eating was an area where in the short run at least, a strong symbolic control could be exercised, a sense of disgust at not merely their repetitive behaviour but at their own inner self. Accordingly, they were very concerned to binge and vomit in a private place and to conceal their behaviour from others. For them it was a very private and secret form of deviance. This aspect of bulimic behaviour has not been studied in detail before. What also became clear, which had not been observed before, was that there was a third phase to bulimic behaviour following the earlier phases of bingeing and vomiting. This may be termed the phase of purification and return to wholeness; this took the form of a very thorough and ritualistic period of cleaning-up including the cleaning of the bulimic's own physical self. From this it became clear that the appropriate sociological models to employ to understand the behaviour of the bulimics seen in its social context, were those provided by Erving Goffman and Mary Douglas respectively. The interview data showed that bulimics are very concerned with the proper 'presentation of self' in order to conceal a form of behaviour that they knew was seen by others as deviant and pathological and thus stigmatized; this was compounded by the fact that to some extent they shared this sense of stigma. It is possible to keep up this concealment in a way that is obviously impossible for anorexics. Perhaps from a sociological point of view bulimia is best classified along with other forms of stigmatized but concealable, i.e. disceditable, behaviour or statuses such as homosexuality or illegitimacy which have been earlier studied and analysed by Goffman. Likewise, the bulimics' sense of departure from and return to wholeness, parallels Mary Douglas' work on dietary and pollution rules in which she equates wholeness and holiness. In this way we can see that bulimia far from being merely an individual psychological abberation is similar to other patterns of behaviour that have been noted by an anthropologist whose primary interest was in questions of religion and identity.
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Doyon, Jean-François. "Intention et perception des opérateurs et gestionnaires commerciaux de l'industrie maritime de vrac relativement à l'ouverture des passages arctiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26664.
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La présente étude s’attarde à relever quelle est la perception des acteurs du secteur maritime de vrac relativement à la navigation dans les passages arctiques, quels sont, en quelque sorte, leurs intentions et leurs attentes face à l’Arctique, et ce, tant au niveau du trafic domestique que de l’exploitation des ressources naturelles ou de l’utilisation de cette zone comme voie de transit. En ce sens, l’objectif principal de l’étude est de présenter, par le biais de différentes compagnies maritimes identifiées, les expectatives et les positions de l’industrie maritime de vrac, face au développement du trafic maritime dans l’Arctique. Deux objectifs spécifiques ont été établis, soit de rendre compte de l’intérêt porté au développement de la région arctique par les entreprises œuvrant dans les services de transport de marchandises de vrac et mettre en lumière les atouts que représentent la région arctique pour les services de transport de marchandises de vrac, ainsi que les contraintes auxquelles ils doivent faire face, et ce, afin de mesurer la viabilité des voies maritimes arctiques pour ce secteur de la marine marchande. Pour y répondre, l’aspect conceptuel de la recherche repose sur les bases de l’étude de cas, dans la mesure où un corpus général a été établi, où les caractéristiques du groupe d’acteurs principaux ont été identifiées et où certains objectifs spécifiques ont été définis, alors que le recueil des données et leur analyse répondent aux normes de la théorisation ancrée, processus visant l’établissement de propositions ou, ultimement, de théories issues des données. Conformément aux principes inhérents à ce type d’analyse, aucune hypothèse de départ n’a été émise. À terme, l’étude conclut que le trafic maritime de vrac dans la zone arctique tend vers une croissance passablement modérée, mais surtout à une stabilité des acteurs dans la région, du moins en ce qui a trait aux opérateurs et gestionnaires commerciaux de l’industrie maritime de vrac. Mots Clés : Arctique, Perception, Navigation, Ressources naturelles, Opérateurs, Gestionnaires commerciaux, Compagnies maritimes.
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Frisk, Christopher, and Alfred Johansson. "Passion Driven Companies in a Profit Driven Industry : A qualitative study on how craft entrepreneurs’ motivations affect their perception of competitive strategy." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149999.
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The microbrewery industry is the fastest growing industry in Sweden. In seven years, the industry has grown by 832 percent. The dramatic increase of microbreweries has led to a highly competitive business environment for these entrepreneurs. This calls for microbreweries to develop strategies for how to stand out in this increasingly competitive environment, i.e., create competitive advantages. However, previous studies have shown that craft entrepreneurs do not strive to achieve traditional economic objectives as the competitive strategy research field suggest that companies have. Hence, traditional competitive strategies may not be applicable for these entrepreneurs. The purpose of this study was therefore to develop an understanding how motivational factors affect craft entrepreneurs’ competitive strategy. To fulfill the purpose, we conducted a case study on microbrewers within the northern region of Sweden. We used a qualitative research methodology where we conducted semi-structured interviews. Seven microbreweries participated in the study. We found that craft entrepreneurs’ motivations for why they started and maintained their microbreweries were mainly because of their passion and interest for the craft and therefore this was their primary objective. However, they perceived profit as a necessity that would enable them to achieve their primary objective. Therefore, we found that these entrepreneurs have dual objectives. We also found that entrepreneurs’ motivations affected their competitive strategies. These entrepreneur’s dual objectives caused some dilemmas when the two objectives contrasted each other. We saw tendencies that this created tension among these entrepreneurs when they had to balance the two objectives of generating profit and achieving objectives related to their passion and interest for the craft. Further, we found that these tensions caused implications on the entrepreneurs’ perception of competitive strategy. Their perception of competitive strategy differed from traditional theory in three areas. Firstly, they had a resistance to grow their businesses. Secondly, they had a resistance for product/market development. And lastly, they experienced a low level of ambiguity when competing and cooperating simultaneously. In this study, we have been able to deepen the knowledge of craft entrepreneurs and how their motivations affect their competitive strategy. This is a first step in developing an understanding of how additional objectives to profit can cause implications for competitiveness.
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Shouse, Reggie Lee. "Examining the Influence of Perceptions of a Supervisor’s Leadership Style on Levels of Psychological Ownership Among Entry Level Professionals." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1483614231780186.
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Balke, Kyle. "Perception & role of 3-D visualizations in planning a case study of the Northwest Passage Scenic Byway's viewshed protection & visualization project /." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2010. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-01052010-141114.
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Rissoan, Odile. "Trajectoires amicales et construction des positions lors du passage à l'âge adulte : enquête auprès d'un amphithéâtre d'étudiants en première année." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/rissoan_o.
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Ce travail consiste à étudier dans quelles mesures les sociabilités amicales contribuent, lors du passage à l'âge adulte, à la construction des positions sociales occupées par les "jeunes" dans les espaces sociaux qu'ils traversent. Notre attention s'est focalisée sur la position d'étudiant en première année, un moment des trajectoires juvéniles idéal à l'observation des mécanismes par lesquels la mobilisation des pairs, la construction de liens amicaux, médiatisent les manières d'appréhender un nouvel ordre de pratiques - temporelles, spatiales, normatives. Surtout, les modalités de construction de cette position se formalisent dans un espace typiquement universitaire, l'amphithéâtre, véritable "laboratoire" propice à la mise en place d'un dispositif d'observation de l'articulation entre pratiques d'études et pratiques relationnelles. C'est en effet à travers les modes d'appropriation différenciés de cet espace, dont les observations filmiques effectuées dans un amphithéâtre de première année d'histoire ont rendu compte, croisés avec les discours tenus, en entretiens et en questionnaires, par les mêmes enquêtés ainsi filmés, qu'ont été mis à jour les facteurs explicatifs des socialisations amicales universitaires, et l'interdépendance entre ces dernières et les formes d'établissement dans l'espace social. Les analyses des trajectoires amicales montrent que les relations de groupe d'âge des jeunes enquêtés interviennent à double titre lors de leur placement dans l'espace social universitaire: dans l'interprétation du statut étudiant lui-même, à laquelle conduisent les configurations amicales dans lesquelles ils s'insèrent, puisque ces configurations attribuent, diversement selon leur structure et leur dynamique, un sens spécifique aux liens construits dans cet espace; dans les modalités d'identification et de compréhension des pratiques locales que soutiennent ces liens.
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Gravaud, Claudette. "L'enfant et l'icône : l'évolution de la représentation chez l'enfant de 2 à 3 ans dans le passage de la perception d'un objet en trois dimensions à sa représentation en deux dimensions." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR21006.
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L’observation des enfants de 2 à 3 ans en situation scolaire a révélé leurs difficultés à comprendre l'image en tant que substitut symbolique d'une réalité. Qu’il s'agisse d'une représentation d'objet ou d'une représentation de situation, les jeunes enfants ne peuvent traiter de manière identique l'information livrée par l'icône et celle émanant de l'objet correspondant. Dépendants des données sensibles, ils ne peuvent inhiber leurs comportements moteurs en présence de l'image et la concevoir comme un signe. De l'action à la représentation, nous avons tenté de démontrer le rôle médiateur de la perception dans l'élaboration cognitive de la représentation. Nous suggérons d'apprendre l'image aux jeunes enfants avant de leur demander d'apprendre par l'image. Pour cela, nous proposons des situations concrètes d'apprentissage en classe qui devraient susciter la mise en place d'attitudes psycho-sémiotiques chez les jeunes enfants de 2 à 3 ans. Les résultats de notre recherche nous amènent à penser que les exercices perceptivo-moteurs-représentatifs spécifiques de la transformation de l'objet en son image sont un moyen intéressant d'atteindre notre objectif psycho-pédagogique<br>The observation of children from 2 to 3 years of age, in the classroom, has shown their difficulties in understanding the picture as a symbolic substitute of reality. Wether it concerns the representation of a (concrete) object or the representation of a situation, young children are unable to perceive the information received from an icon in the same they perceive the information received from the corresponding concrete object. Dependent upon perceptual data, they cannot inhibit their motor behaviours in the presence of the image and still conceive of it as an abstract (symbol). From action to representation we have attempted to demonstrate the mediating role of perception in the cognitive elaboration of the representation. Our suggestion is to teach the abstract image to young children before asking that they learn by using the abstract image. With this intention, we propose concrete learning situations in class which should proceduce the establishment of psycho-semiotic attitudes in young children from 2 to 3 years of age. The results of our research have led us to think that the. Perceptive-motor-representative exercices which are specific to the transformation of the object to its image are an interesting way to reach our psycho-pedagogical objective
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Boiron, Stéphane. "Dans le champ des problématiques migratoires, comment les passages à l'acte délinquants des adolescents peuvent-ils être reliés à la perception de l'intégration des parents et à la perception de l'intégration des adolescents, à leur niveau d'estime de soi et la valeur de leur anxiété." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724472.
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En prenant le soin de dépeindre un tableau de l'immigration étrangère en France telle qu'on la retrouve de nos jours, nous associons à ce travail descriptif une définition de l'intégration dans la société française contemporaine. Il importe après de présenter le contexte général du passage à l'acte délictueux, puis de décrire des mécanismes psychiques sous-jacents à celui-ci. Ceci nous met alors en mesure de développer des réflexions au sujet de dimensions importantes dans cette recherche clinique, comme par exemple celle du double clivage et celle du stress acculturatif. Au sujet des mécanismes psychiques, nous donnons une large place aux rites d'institution de soi, à la négativité, à l'agressivité, à la violence, au lien groupal et bien sûr au rapport entre la migration et la délinquance. Dans la réflexion sur le double clivage, nous nous arrêtons sur l'appartenance culturelle et sur l'identité, et nous mesurons aussi le lien entre l'histoire (ou l'Histoire) et le clivage dedans-dehors, un lien autour duquel prennent toute leur importance les notions de la filiation, de la transmission, du faux self ou encore de l'entre deux. Ensuite, nous rencontrons des notions telles que la vulnérabilité de l'estime de soi, la distorsion cognitive, la violence individuelle, les préjugés de groupe ou encore les processus d'acculturation. Cela nous amène à considérer les liens entre l'assimilation et l'immigration, en prenant le temps de saisir dès lors l'importance prise par la notion de l'honneur chez les jeunes résidant dans des quartiers dits sensibles et issus de populations migrantes. Cela nous permet de passer à une revue des liens potentiels entre le passage à l'acte délinquant et l'estime de soi, ainsi qu'entre le passage à l'acte délinquant et l'anxiété. La première revue nous amène à traiter notamment de la carence d'élaboration psychique et de son déterminisme dans le passage à l'acte délinquant. La deuxième revue nous donne l'occasion de prendre du temps sur l'analyse du modèle cognitif de traitement de l'information spécifique à l'anxiété, ce qui amène à considérer les notions de l'attention sélective et de l'hyper vigilance, ainsi que celle de la phobie sociale. Une dernière revue nous permet d'évoquer la place influente que prend l'exil dans l'histoire d'un sujet et dans l'histoire de sa famille. Cela n'est pas sans lien sur certaines formes de violence ou encore certaines manifestations délictueuses qui surgissent dans l'espace public comme dans l'espace privé.
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Dupuis, France. "Une approche linguistique et phénoménologique de la sémantique du mot amour." Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE1141.
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L’objectif de ce travail est la description et l’étude des dynamiques de sens en jeu dans la constructionde la forme sémantique « amour ». L’étude s’inscrit dans une démarche phénoménologique visantl’émergence du sens en tant que produit d’une activité de conceptualisation marquée par l’expérienceperceptive et affective. Trois strates de sens entrelacées apparaissent dans la sémantique du mot etparticipent de la construction globale de la forme par « motivation », « profilage » et « thématisation ».Ces notions permettent l’ouverture de l’espace de création du sens qui provient de l’entrelacs de laperception, du langage et des modalités d’appropriation du phénomène surgissant dans / et par lediscours sur l’amour et le discours amoureux. Le mot amour polarise une dynamique de mouvementau sein des discours amoureux. Sa valeur s’ancre dans le motif composite d’une force propre àdépasser le procès qui le lie à un objet et vecteur de propriétés esthésiques, axiologiques etpraxéologiques. La phénoménologie du mot amour se déploie essentiellement sur un fond de« figures » qualitatives et de constructions métaphorisantes et poétiques qui tendent à unir champsperceptifs et thématiques, et permettent au locuteur la saisie, en partie, de son expérience amoureuse,et l’expression de ses impressions et sentiments<br>Construction of the semantic form “amour”. The core of this work is a phenomenological endeavourtargeting the emergence of meaning considered as the result of a conceptualizing process rooted inaffective and perceptual experience. Three intertwined strata of meaning can be observed in thesemantics of the word. These take an active part in the global construction of the form via each ofthese strata, namely the germ-motif stratum, the profiling-unfolding process stratum and the thematicdiscursiveone. The latter notions make it possible to open the creative space of meaning in a trulyoriginal fashion. This creative space results from the intertwining of perception, language and thevarious modalities of self-appropriation of the phenomenon arising in /and through a discourse on loveand the amorous discourse. The word amour polarizes a movement dynamics within the amorousdiscourse. This word is anchored to the heterogeneous “motif” of a dynamic power liable to surpassthe process per se such as linked to its object. It is a vehicle for aesthesic, axiological andpraxeological properties. The phenomenology of the word amour mostly expands in the domain ofqualitative and poetic figures as well as metaphorizing constructions. In the latter domain, figures andconstructions aim at uniting the perceptive and thematic fields, thus enabling the speaker, thoughpartially only, to grasp his amorous experience as well as to express his own impressions andfeelings
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Bosch, Ronel. "The perceptions of adolescents of an adventure-based education programme." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/591.
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Terzoglou, Froso. "Out of the closet, into the lagom(?) : Perceptions and Feelings of Inclusion, Exclusion, and Belonging among Queer Migrants in Sweden." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-168110.
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Despite the increasing interest in asylum seekers and refugees within the field of migration studies, there has been a gap in queer migrants’ research. This thesis is an attempt to investigate how migrant and gender identity are influencing each other and how they lead to experiences of both inclusion and exclusion in Swedish society, based on experiences of six queer migrants. In the first half, there is a presentation and criticism on migrant theories and previous studies related to the subjects of migration, gender and sexuality. There is also an attempt to defining queer and presenting how it intersects with migrant identity, through the stages of welcoming, adapting, developing, and maintaining oneself in a Swedish level. Finally, aspects of space and feelings of belonging are discussed further on. The second half of the thesis consists of a methodological part and the analysis of the interviews with queer migrants in Sweden, leading to further discussions, additional thoughts, and suggestions.
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Chenot, Julie. "Réhabilitation écologique d’écosystèmes dégradés par l’exploitation des carrières : faire avec, refaire ou laisser faire la nature ?" Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0344/document.
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L’écologie de la restauration est une discipline scientifique qui a vu le jour il y a une quarantaine d’années pour tenter de compenser les impacts négatifs du développement des sociétés sur les écosystèmes. Aujourd’hui, suite à des méta-analyses planétaires révélant le succès relatif des opérations de restauration écologique, une nouvelle question émerge : faut-il restaurer activement ou laisser en libre évolution les écosystèmes dégradés ? C’est dans ce contexte que ce projet de thèse a eu lieu avec une démarche qui s’est voulue pluridisciplinaire et a porté sur l’étude de l’impact de carrières sur la steppe méditerranéenne de Crau (Bouches-du-Rhône, France). Deux cas ont été pris en compte, (i) d’anciennes carrières exploitées dans les années 1970 et abandonnées présentant une diversité de modalités d’exploitation ou de réaménagement et, (ii) une carrière encore en cours d’exploitation dont la législation oblige la remise en état. L’objectif est de mieux identifier les éventuels verrous scientifiques en matière de connaissances pour la restauration et mieux définir les attentes sociétales afin de proposer au final une stratégie générale destinée à servir à la gestion future de ces écosystèmes. Les recherches de cette thèse se sont basées sur deux grandes questions, réflexions : (1) Les opérations de restauration écologique mises en place permettent-elles de restaurer l’écosystème de référence (= ici l’écosystème préexistant) ? En comparant différents traitements de restauration sur le long terme (transfert de sol selon différentes modalités, dépôts de matériaux anthropogéniques, absence de réhabilitation), nous avons pu montrer que le transfert de sol reste une bonne méthode, surtout lorsque les caractéristiques initiales du sol sont respectées. Néanmoins, il ne compense toujours pas à moyen-terme (35 ans) la destruction de l'écosystème préexistant : le sol et la communauté végétale de la steppe de référence ne sont pas encore complètement rétablis. Une deuxième technique de mélange de sol lorsque le sol originel n’est plus disponible a également été testée, mais elle ne présente pas non plus un succès total de restauration à court terme (3 ans). Une deuxième question s’est donc posée en parallèle: (2) Sans restauration active, quelle est la valeur de la biodiversité générée par les activités humaines ? Et plus globalement, quelles natures voulons-nous ? Les carrières ont détruit l’écosystème steppique qui préexistait mais ont créé également de nouvelles conditions (pédologiques, de nouveaux habitats) qui soutiennent le fonctionnement et la connectivité d’espèces pionnières et abritent une importante biodiversité patrimoniale absente de l’écosystème d’origine. De plus, la comparaison entre les paysages de carrières et l’écosystème de référence auprès de différents acteurs territoriaux et du grand public a montré que les anciennes carrières sont perçues comme étant beaucoup plus naturelles que la steppe de référence et qu’elles sont également associées à une importante biodiversité. Ces résultats pourraient donc réorienter les choix de restauration ou de gestion, afin de choisir entre 1) ce qui est actuellement recommandé (une restauration active appliquée en fin d’exploitation avec l’écosystème historique en référence) et 2) une libre expression de la nature férale encore appelée restauration passive (avec ou pas réaffectation initiale ; i.e. où l’écosystème de référence est différent de l’écosystème préexistant)<br>Restoration ecology is a scientific discipline that has emerged forty years ago to try to compensate the negative impacts of society development on ecosystems. Today, following global meta-analyzes revealing the relative success of ecological restoration, a new question emerges: should we actively or passively restore degraded ecosystems? It is in this context that this thesis project took place with a multidisciplinary approach and focused on the study of quarrying impacts on the Mediterranean steppe of Crau (Bouches-du-Rhône, France). Two cases were taken into account: (i) old quarries operated in the 1970s and abandoned then, presenting a variety of exploitation types or rehabilitation modalities, and (ii) a quarry still in the process of exploitation, the legislation now requiring repairs. The aim is to better identify possible scientific obstacles in the field of knowledge for ecological restoration and better define societal expectations in order to finally propose a general strategy intended to serve the future management of these ecosystems. The research of this thesis was based on two major questions, reflections: (1) Do ecological restoration actions restore the reference ecosystem (= the pre-existing ecosystem)? By comparing different long-term restoration treatments (various types of soil transfers, anthropogenic deposits, lack of rehabilitation), we were able to show that soil transfer is still the best method, especially when the initial characteristics of the soil are respected. However, it still does not compensate in the medium term (35 years) for the destruction of the pre-existing ecosystem: the soil and the plant community of the reference steppe are not completely restored yet. A second soil mixing technique used when the original soil is no longer available has also been tested, but it is not very successful either in the short-term (3 years). A second question arose in parallel: (2) Without active restoration, what is the value of biodiversity generated by human activities? And more generally, what kind of nature do we want? Quarries have destroyed the pre-existing steppe ecosystem but have also created new conditions (soil, new habitats) that support the functioning and connectivity of pioneer species and shelter important heritage biodiversity that is absent from the pre-existing ecosystem. In addition, the comparison between the quarry landscapes and the reference ecosystem landscapes with different stakeholders and the general public has shown that the old quarries are perceived as being much more natural than the reference steppe and that they are also associated to an important biodiversity. These results could therefore reorient the choice of restoration or management, in order to choose between 1) what is currently recommended (active restoration applied after the end of quarry exploitation with the historical ecosystem as a reference) and 2) the free expression of feral nature also called passive restoration (with or without reclamation, i.e. where the reference ecosystem is different from the pre-existing ecosystem)
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CAVALETTI, FEDERICA. "IL CINEMA COME LABORATORIO DEL TEMPO: UN'ESPLORAZIONE TEORICA, METODOLOGICA ED EMPIRICA DELLA PERCEZIONE DEL TEMPO NEL CINEMA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/74299.
Full textAbstract:
Questa tesi presenta i risultati teorici, metodologici ed empirici di una ricerca di dottorato incentrata sul tema della percezione del tempo nell’esperienza cinematografica.
La prima parte fornisce un’introduzione teorica al tema. Il Capitolo 1 precisa il taglio e l’oggetto della ricerca. Il Capitolo 2 presenta i principali modelli teorici di percezione del tempo. Il Capitolo 3 si concentra sulla percezione del tempo nel contesto cinematografico.
La seconda parte comprende gli esperimenti condotti nel corso della ricerca. Il Capitolo 4 illustra il primo esperimento. Attraverso misure comportamentali, questo studio ha indagato gli effetti sulla stima di durata e sulla percezione del passaggio del tempo di due variabili cinematografiche: il tipo di azione rappresentata e lo stile di montaggio. Il Capitolo 5 presenta il secondo esperimento. Tramite un metodo chiamato micro-fenomenologia, questo studio ha esplorato i processi esperienziali che fondano i compiti di stima di durata e percezione del passaggio del tempo. Il Capitolo 6 descrive il terzo esperimento. Attraverso una tecnica di neurostimolazione (tDCS), questo studio ha testato il coinvolgimento di una specifica area cerebrale (Area Supplementare Motoria) negli stessi compiti temporali.
La terza parte riassume i risultati della ricerca (Capitolo 7) e discute possibili futuri sviluppi di quest’ultima (Capitolo 8).<br>This dissertation presents the theoretical, methodological, and empirical results of a doctoral research concerning time perception in the experience of cinema.
The first part provides a theoretical introduction to the topic. Chapter 1 carves out the dissertation’s precise angle and object. Chapter 2 presents the main models of subjective time perception. Chapter 3 restricts the scope to time perception in the specific context of cinema.
The second part reports about the three experiments conducted during the research. Chapter 4 introduces the first experiment. By using behavioural measures, this study addressed the effects on duration estimation and time passage perception of two cinematographic variables: the type of represented action and the style of editing. Chapter 5 presents the second experiment. By adopting a method called micro-phenomenology, this study explored the processes underlying the performance of the duration estimation and time passage perception tasks. Chapter 6 is devoted to the third experiment. By using a neurostimulation technique (tDCS), this study tested the involvement of a specific brain area (the Supplementary Motor Area) in the same timing tasks.
The third part summarizes the essential findings of the research (Chapter 7) and re-opens it to some of its possible future developments (Chapter 8).
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CAVALETTI, FEDERICA. "IL CINEMA COME LABORATORIO DEL TEMPO: UN'ESPLORAZIONE TEORICA, METODOLOGICA ED EMPIRICA DELLA PERCEZIONE DEL TEMPO NEL CINEMA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/74299.
Full textAbstract:
Questa tesi presenta i risultati teorici, metodologici ed empirici di una ricerca di dottorato incentrata sul tema della percezione del tempo nell’esperienza cinematografica.
La prima parte fornisce un’introduzione teorica al tema. Il Capitolo 1 precisa il taglio e l’oggetto della ricerca. Il Capitolo 2 presenta i principali modelli teorici di percezione del tempo. Il Capitolo 3 si concentra sulla percezione del tempo nel contesto cinematografico.
La seconda parte comprende gli esperimenti condotti nel corso della ricerca. Il Capitolo 4 illustra il primo esperimento. Attraverso misure comportamentali, questo studio ha indagato gli effetti sulla stima di durata e sulla percezione del passaggio del tempo di due variabili cinematografiche: il tipo di azione rappresentata e lo stile di montaggio. Il Capitolo 5 presenta il secondo esperimento. Tramite un metodo chiamato micro-fenomenologia, questo studio ha esplorato i processi esperienziali che fondano i compiti di stima di durata e percezione del passaggio del tempo. Il Capitolo 6 descrive il terzo esperimento. Attraverso una tecnica di neurostimolazione (tDCS), questo studio ha testato il coinvolgimento di una specifica area cerebrale (Area Supplementare Motoria) negli stessi compiti temporali.
La terza parte riassume i risultati della ricerca (Capitolo 7) e discute possibili futuri sviluppi di quest’ultima (Capitolo 8).<br>This dissertation presents the theoretical, methodological, and empirical results of a doctoral research concerning time perception in the experience of cinema.
The first part provides a theoretical introduction to the topic. Chapter 1 carves out the dissertation’s precise angle and object. Chapter 2 presents the main models of subjective time perception. Chapter 3 restricts the scope to time perception in the specific context of cinema.
The second part reports about the three experiments conducted during the research. Chapter 4 introduces the first experiment. By using behavioural measures, this study addressed the effects on duration estimation and time passage perception of two cinematographic variables: the type of represented action and the style of editing. Chapter 5 presents the second experiment. By adopting a method called micro-phenomenology, this study explored the processes underlying the performance of the duration estimation and time passage perception tasks. Chapter 6 is devoted to the third experiment. By using a neurostimulation technique (tDCS), this study tested the involvement of a specific brain area (the Supplementary Motor Area) in the same timing tasks.
The third part summarizes the essential findings of the research (Chapter 7) and re-opens it to some of its possible future developments (Chapter 8).