Relevant bibliographies by topics / Passive stance

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Passive stance'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 16 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Passive stance"

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Baratta, Alexander M. "Revealing stance through passive voice." Journal of Pragmatics 41, no. 7 (2009): 1406–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2008.09.010.

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Yang, Jiliu. "Passive Voice and Stance Taking in Korean Academic Discourse." Korean Society of Bilingualism 91 (March 31, 2023): 69–100. https://doi.org/10.17296/korbil.2023..91.69.

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This paper discusses passive voice usage and how authors reflect their stance through passive voice in Korean academic papers. While traditionally considered one of the distinctive features in academic writing, passive voice can reveal the author's stance by deleting or de-emphasizing the subject within a sentence. Based on an analysis of 21 published research articles from Korean language and electronic engineering disciplines, the results indicate differences in the frequency of using passive voice across disciplines. The findings also suggest that authors use passive sentences for different purposes depending on the agent. When the agents are the authors themselves, they use passive voice in four contexts: making claims, establishing a procedure, interpreting data and research results, and making predictions and suggestions. On the other hand, the authors prefer the passive voice in two contexts when the agents are the others: pointing out the shortcomings of previous studies and presenting a critical perspective on research subjects. Although the corpus of this research is small and limited to two specific majors, the results may help students understand or make a good choice to use passive voice. Furthermore, the results will help students on handling stance taking in academic papers.
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Henry, Sharon M., Joyce Fung, and Fay B. Horak. "Effect of Stance Width on Multidirectional Postural Responses." Journal of Neurophysiology 85, no. 2 (2001): 559–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.85.2.559.

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The effect of stance width on postural responses to 12 different directions of surface translations was examined. Postural responses were characterized by recording 11 lower limb and trunk muscles, body kinematics, and forces exerted under each foot of 7 healthy subjects while they were subjected to horizontal surface translations in 12 different, randomly presented directions. A quasi-static approach of force analysis was done, examining force integrals in three different epochs (background, passive, and active periods). The latency and amplitude of muscle responses were quantified for each direction, and muscle tuning curves were used to determine the spatial activation patterns for each muscle. The results demonstrate that the horizontal force constraint exerted at the ground was lessened in the wide, compared with narrow, stance for humans, a similar finding to that reported by Macpherson for cats. Despite more trunk displacement in narrow stance, there were no significant changes in body center of mass (CoM) displacement due to large changes in center of pressure (CoP), especially in response to lateral translations. Electromyographic (EMG) magnitude decreased for all directions in wide stance, particularly for the more proximal muscles, whereas latencies remained the same from narrow to wide stance. Equilibrium control in narrow stance was more of an active postural strategy that included regulating the loading/unloading of the limbs and the direction of horizontal force vectors. In wide stance, equilibrium control relied more on an increase in passive stiffness resulting from changes in limb geometry. The selective latency modulation of the proximal muscles with translation direction suggests that the trunk was being actively controlled in all directions. The similar EMG latencies for both narrow and wide stance, with modulation of only the muscle activation magnitude as stance width changed, suggest that the same postural synergy was only slightly modified for a change in stance width. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the trunk displacement, as well as of CoP displacement, was modified based on the degree of passive stiffness in the musculoskeletal system, which increased with stance width. The change from a more passive to an active horizontal force constraint, to larger EMG magnitudes especially in the trunk muscles and larger trunk and CoP excursions in narrow stance are consistent with a more effortful response for equilibrium control in narrow stance to perturbations in all directions.
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Bauer, Jeremy, K. Patrick Do, Jing Feng, and Michael Aiona. "Calf lengthening may improve knee recurvatum in specific children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy." Journal of Children's Orthopaedics 14, no. 4 (2020): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1863-2548.14.200092.

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Purpose Knee hyperextension in stance is a difficult condition to treat in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP). In children with passive knee hyperextension, the presence of contracture or spasticity of the calf leads to knee hyperextension in stance phase. We hypothesize surgical treatment of the contracture of the calf will lead to less knee hyperextension. Methods We performed a retrospective review of children who were evaluated in our movement laboratory over 23 years with a diagnosis of CP Gross Motor Function Classification System I, II or III. We selected children who had passive knee hyperextension on exam and who underwent calf lengthening surgery. Children were divided into two groups: early recurvatum (ER) (n = 20) and late recurvatum (LR) (n = 14). Results There was no difference in the preoperative passive knee extension among the groups or the surgeries performed. For children who had passive knee hyperextension, calf lengthening improved static dorsiflexion with knee flexion on clinical exam by 9.3° in the ER group, 9.6° in the LR group as well as dorsiflexion with knee extension on clinical exam by 9.5° in the ER group and 6.4° in the LR group. The kinematic data showed that the ER group improved their knee hyperextension by 11° (p < 0.001), whereas the LR group did not significantly change their stance phase knee position. Conclusion Children with passive knee hyperextension who have a calf contracture and walk in knee hyperextension in the first half of stance phase may improve after calf lengthening. Level of Evidence: III
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Youberg, Linda Dowdy, Mark W. Cornwall, Thomas G. McPoil, and Patrick R. Hannon. "The Amount of Rearfoot Motion Used During the Stance Phase of Walking." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 95, no. 4 (2005): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0950376.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of available passive frontal plane rearfoot motion that is used during the stance phase of walking. Data were collected from 40 healthy, asymptomatic volunteer subjects (20 men and 20 women) aged 23 to 44 years. Passive inversion and eversion motion was measured in a nonweightbearing position by manually moving the calcaneus. Dynamic rearfoot motion was referenced to a vertical calcaneus and tibia and was measured using a three-dimensional electromagnetic motion-analysis system. The results indicated that individuals used 68.1% of their available passive eversion range of motion and 13.2% of their available passive inversion range of motion during walking. The clinical implication of individuals’ regularly operating at or near the end point of their available rearfoot eversion range of motion is discussed. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 95(4): 376–382, 2005)
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Holm, Jonathan K., Jonas Contakos, Sang-Wook Lee, and John Jang. "Energetics and Passive Dynamics of the Ankle in Downhill Walking." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 26, no. 4 (2010): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.26.4.379.

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This study investigated the energetics of the human ankle during the stance phase of downhill walking with the goal of modeling ankle behavior with a passive spring and damper mechanism. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected on eight male participants while walking down a ramp with inclination varying from 0° to 8°. The ankle joint moment in the sagittal plane was calculated using inverse dynamics. Mechanical energy injected or dissipated at the ankle joint was computed by integrating the power across the duration of the stance phase. The net mechanical energy of the ankle was approximately zero for level walking and monotonically decreased (i.e., became increasingly negative) during downhill walking as the slope decreased. The indication is that the behavior of the ankle is energetically passive during downhill walking, playing a key role in dissipating energy from one step to the next. A passive mechanical model consisting of a pin joint coupled with a revolute spring and damper was fit to the ankle torque and its parameters were estimated for each downhill slope using linear regression. The passive model demonstrated good agreement with actual ankle dynamics as indicated by low root-mean-square error values. These results indicate the stance phase behavior of the human ankle during downhill walking may be effectively duplicated by a passive mechanism with appropriately selected spring and damping characteristics.
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Hu, Yong, Gangfeng Yan, and Zhiyun Lin. "Stable running of a planar underactuated biped robot." Robotica 29, no. 5 (2010): 657–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574710000512.

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SUMMARYThis paper investigates the stable-running problem of a planar underactuated biped robot, which has two springy telescopic legs and one actuated joint in the hip. After modeling the robot as a hybrid system with multiple continuous state spaces, a natural passive limit cycle, which preserves the system energy at touchdown, is found using the method of Poincaré shooting. It is then checked that the passive limit cycle is not stable. To stabilize the passive limit cycle, an event-based feedback control law is proposed, and also to enlarge the basin of attraction, an additive passivity-based control term is introduced only in the stance phase. The validity of our control strategies is illustrated by a series of numerical simulations.
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Goodworth, Adam D., Patricia Mellodge, and Robert J. Peterka. "Stance width changes how sensory feedback is used for multisegmental balance control." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 3 (2014): 525–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00490.2013.

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A multilink sensorimotor integration model of frontal plane balance control was developed to determine how stance width influences the use of sensory feedback in healthy adults. Data used to estimate model parameters came from seven human participants who stood on a continuously rotating surface with three different stimulus amplitudes, with eyes open and closed, and at four different stance widths. Dependent variables included lower body (LB) and upper body (UB) sway quantified by frequency-response functions. Results showed that stance width had a major influence on how parameters varied across stimulus amplitude and between visual conditions. Active mechanisms dominated LB control. At narrower stances, with increasing stimulus amplitude, subjects used sensory reweighting to shift reliance from proprioceptive cues to vestibular and/or visual cues that oriented the LB more toward upright. When vision was available, subjects reduced reliance on proprioception and increased reliance on vision. At wider stances, LB control did not exhibit sensory reweighting. In the UB system, both active and passive mechanisms contributed and were dependent on stance width. UB control changed across stimulus amplitude most in wide stance (opposite of the pattern found in LB control). The strong influence of stance width on sensory integration and neural feedback control implies that rehabilitative therapies for balance disorders can target different aspects of balance control by using different stance widths. Rehabilitative strategies designed to assess or modify sensory reweighting will be most effective with the use of narrower stances, whereas wider stances present greater challenges to UB control.
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Arch, Elisa S., Steven J. Stanhope, and Jill S. Higginson. "Passive-dynamic ankle–foot orthosis replicates soleus but not gastrocnemius muscle function during stance in gait: Insights for orthosis prescription." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 40, no. 5 (2016): 606–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364615592693.

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Background: Passive-dynamic ankle–foot orthosis characteristics, including bending stiffness, should be customized for individuals. However, while conventions for customizing passive-dynamic ankle–foot orthosis characteristics are often described and implemented in clinical practice, there is little evidence to explain their biomechanical rationale. Objectives: To develop and combine a model of a customized passive-dynamic ankle–foot orthosis with a healthy musculoskeletal model and use simulation tools to explore the influence of passive-dynamic ankle–foot orthosis bending stiffness on plantar flexor function during gait. Study design: Dual case study. Methods: The customized passive-dynamic ankle–foot orthosis characteristics were integrated into a healthy musculoskeletal model available in OpenSim. Quasi-static forward dynamic simulations tracked experimental gait data under several passive-dynamic ankle–foot orthosis conditions. Predicted muscle activations were calculated through a computed muscle control optimization scheme. Results: Simulations predicted that the passive-dynamic ankle–foot orthoses substituted for soleus but not gastrocnemius function. Induced acceleration analyses revealed the passive-dynamic ankle–foot orthosis acts like a uniarticular plantar flexor by inducing knee extension accelerations, which are counterproductive to natural knee kinematics in early midstance. Conclusion: These passive-dynamic ankle–foot orthoses can provide plantar flexion moments during mid and late stance to supplement insufficient plantar flexor strength. However, the passive-dynamic ankle–foot orthoses negatively influenced knee kinematics in early midstance. Clinical relevance Identifying the role of passive-dynamic ankle–foot orthosis stiffness during gait provides biomechanical rationale for how to customize passive-dynamic ankle–foot orthoses for patients. Furthermore, these findings can be used in the future as the basis for developing objective prescription models to help drive the customization of passive-dynamic ankle–foot orthosis characteristics.
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Oda, Hitoshi, Shiho Fukuda, Ryo Tsujinaka, Han Gao, and Koichi Hiraoka. "Short-Term Reproduction of Active Movement with Visual Feedback and Passive Movement with a Therapist’s Hands." Brain Sciences 14, no. 6 (2024): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14060531.

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Reproducing instructed movements is crucial for practice in motor learning. In this study, we compared the short-term reproduction of active pelvis movements with visual feedback and passive movement with the therapist’s hands in an upright stance. Sixteen healthy males (M age = 34.1; SD = 10.2 years) participated in this study. In one condition, healthy males maintained an upright stance while a physical therapist moved the participant’s pelvis (passive movement instruction), and in a second condition, the participant actively moved their pelvis with visual feedback of the target and the online trajectory of the center of pressure (active movement instruction). Reproduction errors (displacement of the center of pressure in the medial–lateral axis) 10 s after the passive movement instruction were significantly greater than after the active movement instruction (p < 0.001), but this difference disappeared 30 s after the instruction (p = 0.118). Error of movement reproduction in the anterior–posterior axis after the passive movement instruction was significantly greater than after the active movement instruction, no matter how long the retention interval was between the instruction and reproduction phases (p = 0.025). Taken together, active pelvis movements with visual feedback, rather than passive movement with the therapist’s hand, is better to be used for instructing pelvis movements.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Passive stance"

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Ottonello, Dominique Marchelle. "Impact of Passive Range of Motion Exercises and Stretching in Knee Osteoarthritis Pain during Walking." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1589847790494845.

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Ahmadi, Mojtaba. "Stable control of a one-legged robot exploiting passive dynamics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq44340.pdf.

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Anstensrud, Torleif. "2-D Passive Compass Biped Walker : Analysis and Robustness of Stable Gait." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for teknisk kybernetikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23429.

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The compass-gait biped is a deceptively simple walking machine that is often used as a standard benchmark for testing new concepts and methods in legged locomotion. This study will focus on developing a procedure for finding passive gaits of this specific biped by employing the notion of virtual holonomic constraints. First an introduction to the mathematical foundations behind the basic theory is given, then a rigorous treatment of the hybrid dynamics of the biped and the reduction of the system complexity using virtual holonomic constraints are presented. The reduced dynamics of the biped are used to find relations among the gait parameters leading to the formulation of a minimization problem that yields limit cycle solutions of the hybrid system when solved. The stability of the detected limit cycles is assessed using the notion of transverse linearization, and the procedure for deriving an auxiliary linear system for determining orbital stability of the passive gaits is presented. All major results are visualized and the MATLAB and Maple implementation code is enclosed in either the relevant chapters or the appendixes.
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Coin, Raphael. "Les situations triangulaires internationales en présence d’un établissement stable : éliminer les doubles impositions sans favoriser les doubles exonérations." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020034.

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L’objet de cette thèse est de proposer un régime fiscal applicable à l’imposition des revenus passifs dans les situations triangulaires internationales. La première partie est consacrée à analyser la nature objective du risque de double imposition. Ce sont les situations triangulaires « passives » ou « subies ». La seconde partie est consacrée à analyser des situations triangulaires « actives » ou « choisies » qui peuvent être propices à la mise en place de structures fiscalement « avantageuses ». L’étude est complétée par des propositions de modification du Modèle de convention fiscale<br>The purpose of this work is to propose a tax treatment applicable to passive income in international triangular tax cases. The first part of the study is dedicated to the analyses of the double tax exposure. These are “passive” triangular cases or “incurred”, where potential double tax and uncertainty creates an issue for economic growth. The second part of the study is dealing with “active” triangular situations that may be motivated by the tax benefit resulting from these structures. The conclusion of our study will include proposals to amend the OECD treaty Model
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Kurth, Martin Lyndon. "Scattering of guided waves in thick gratings at extreme angles." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16347/1/Martin_Kurth_Thesis.pdf.

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The aim of this project was to develop a passive optical compensating arrangement that would allow the formation and continued stability of interference patterns over a long timescale and also to investigate optical wave scattering in thick gratings at extreme angles of scattering. A novel passive arrangement based on a Sagnac interferometer is described that produces interference patterns more stable than those produced by a conventional arrangement. An analysis of the arrangement is presented that shows it to be an order of magnitude more stable than an equivalent conventional approach. The excellent fringe stability allowed holographic gratings with small periods (~ 0.5 μm) to be written in photorefractive lithium niobate with low intensity writing fields (~mW/cm2) produced by a He:Ne laser, despite long grating fabrication times (~ 1000 s). This was possible because the optical arrangement compensated for phase shifts introduced by translational and rotational mirror motion caused by environmental perturbations. It was shown that the rapid introduction of a phase shift in one of the writing fields can change the direction of energy flow in the two-wave mixing process. It was found that the improvement in stability of the modified Sagnac arrangement over a conventional interferometer decreased when the crossing angle was increased and that the point about which the mirrors are rotated greatly affects the stability of the arrangement. For a crossing angle of 12 degrees, the modified Sagnac arrangement is more than twice as stable when the mirrors are rotated about their midpoints, rather than their endpoints. Investigations into scattering in the extremely asymmetrical scattering (EAS) geometry were undertaken by scattering light from a 532nm Nd:YAG laser off gratings written in photorefractive barium titanate and lithium niobate. Despite the difficulties posed by background noise, there was very good agreement between the observed scattered field and that predicted by a previously established theoretical model. Thus, this work represents the first experimental observation of EAS in the optical part of the spectrum.
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Kurth, Martin Lyndon. "Scattering of guided waves in thick gratings at extreme angles." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16347/.

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The aim of this project was to develop a passive optical compensating arrangement that would allow the formation and continued stability of interference patterns over a long timescale and also to investigate optical wave scattering in thick gratings at extreme angles of scattering. A novel passive arrangement based on a Sagnac interferometer is described that produces interference patterns more stable than those produced by a conventional arrangement. An analysis of the arrangement is presented that shows it to be an order of magnitude more stable than an equivalent conventional approach. The excellent fringe stability allowed holographic gratings with small periods (~ 0.5 μm) to be written in photorefractive lithium niobate with low intensity writing fields (~mW/cm2) produced by a He:Ne laser, despite long grating fabrication times (~ 1000 s). This was possible because the optical arrangement compensated for phase shifts introduced by translational and rotational mirror motion caused by environmental perturbations. It was shown that the rapid introduction of a phase shift in one of the writing fields can change the direction of energy flow in the two-wave mixing process. It was found that the improvement in stability of the modified Sagnac arrangement over a conventional interferometer decreased when the crossing angle was increased and that the point about which the mirrors are rotated greatly affects the stability of the arrangement. For a crossing angle of 12 degrees, the modified Sagnac arrangement is more than twice as stable when the mirrors are rotated about their midpoints, rather than their endpoints. Investigations into scattering in the extremely asymmetrical scattering (EAS) geometry were undertaken by scattering light from a 532nm Nd:YAG laser off gratings written in photorefractive barium titanate and lithium niobate. Despite the difficulties posed by background noise, there was very good agreement between the observed scattered field and that predicted by a previously established theoretical model. Thus, this work represents the first experimental observation of EAS in the optical part of the spectrum.
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Hatch, Shaylyn K. "Behavior of Migratory Tree Bats in the Western Basin of Lake Erie Using Telemetry and Stable Isotope Analysis." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1449157127.

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Hasan, Monowar. "Radio Resource Management for Relay-Aided Device-to-Device Communication." IEEE, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30531.

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In this thesis, performance of relay-assisted Device-to-device (D2D) communication is investigated where D2D traffic is carried through relay nodes. I develop resource management schemes to maximize end-to-end rate as well as conversing rate requirements for cellular and D2D UEs under total power constraint. I also develop a low-complexity distributed solution using the concept of message passing. Considering the uncertainties in wireless links (e.g., when interference from other relay nodes and the link gains are not exactly known), I extend the formulation using robust resource allocation techniques. In addition, a distributed solution approach using stable matching is developed to allocate radio resources in an efficient and computationally inexpensive way under the bounded channel uncertainties. Numerical results show that, there is a distance threshold beyond which relay-assisted D2D communication significantly improves network performance at the cost of small increase in end-to-end delay when compared to conventional approach.
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Jargot, Gaëtan. "High-repetition rate CEP-stable few-cycle OPCPA sources in the short wavelength infrared/mid-infrared." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLO020.

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Résumé : La génération d’impulsions de quelques cycles optiques stabilisées en CEP dans le moyen infrarouge utilisant la technique d’amplification paramétrique optique à fort taux de répétition est d’un grand intérêt pour diverses études de dynamiques ultra-brèves. Les travaux de cette thèse sont directement inscrits dans ce cadre. Nous décrivons un système émettant des impulsions dont le spectre est centré à 2.1 µm avec une durée de 19.5 fs et une énergie de 31 µJ opérant à 10 kHz avec une stabilité RMS de 0.54 %. Ce système se distingue de l’état de l’art par la mise en œuvre d’une technique de différence de fréquence en ligne permettant d’obtenir une stabilité de la CEP tir-à-tir de 107 mrad pendant quatre heures. De plus cette thèse à permis le dévelopement d’un dispositf émettant des impulsions de quelques cycles optiques à 1.55 µm opérant à haut taux de répétition (125 kHz). Ce système est le résultat de l’assemblage d’un amplificateur paramétrique optique et d’un systéme de compression non-lineaire dans une cellule multi-passage. La propagation non linéaire périodique dans la cellule en régime de dispersion anormale permet une compression solitonique, tout en moyennant les effets spatiaux de la nonlinéarité sur le faisceau. Nous démontrons ainsi l’autocompression d’impulsions initiales de 19 µJ 63 fs vers des impulsions en sortie de 14 µJ 22 fs<br>Abstract : The generation of carrier envelope phase (CEP) stable few-cycle pulses in the SWIR/Mid-IR using optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) at high repetition rate is of great interest for several applications in ultrafast dynamics. During this thesis the work was primarily focused on the development of OPCPA sources for attosecond science. We present an OPCPA operating at 2.1 µm delivering 19.5 fs pules duration with an energy of 31 µJ at 10 kHz with a RMS energy stability of 0.54 %. An original architecture using an all-inline difference frequency generation stage allows performances beyond the state of the art in terms of CEP stability. We report RMS CEP fluctuations of 107 mrad RMS measured shot-to-shot over four hours. On another hand, the development of a high repetition rate (125 kHz) OPCPA coupled with an innovative nonlinear compression scheme is described. The OPCPA provides pulses centered at 1.55 µm, with a pulse duration of 63 fs with an energy of 19 µJ after compression. Then a nonlinear compression stage based on a soliton dynamics in a multipass cell is implemented. The periodic propagation inside the cell allows to retain the temporal nonlinear effects, while the spatial nonlinear effects are washed out by the distributed nature of the nonlinearity over a large number of passes. We report the self-compression of 63 fs pulse at 1.5 µm down to 22 fs with an energy of 14 µJ
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Stefanello, Michel Baptistella. "Desenvolvimento de um modelo lagrangiano para estimar a dispersão de escalares passivos em condições de meandro do vento horizontal." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2017. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/12408.

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The description of the effects of the wind meandering in the scalar dispersion is a challenging task, since this type of flow represents a physical state characterized by multiple scales. In this study, a Lagrangian stochastic diffusion model is derived to describe the scalar transport during the horizontal wind meandering phenomenon, occurring in a PBL. The model is derived from the linearization of the Langevin equation and employs a heuristic functional form, which represents the autocorrelation functions of the meandering. The new solutions, which describe the longitudinal and lateral wind components, were used to simulate two experiments of contaminants dispersion in low-wind conditions, INEL (USA) and GRAZ (Austria). The results of the comparison indicate that the new model reproduces fairly well the observed concentrations of contaminants and, therefore, satisfactorily describes the enhanced dispersion due to the presence of meandering.<br>Descrever os efeitos provocados pelo meandro do vento na dispersão de escalares é uma tarefa desafiadora, uma vez que este tipo de escoamento representa um estado físico caracterizado por múltiplas escalas. Neste trabalho, deriva-se um modelo estocátisco Lagrangiano para descrever a dispersão de escalares, na camada limite planetária, durante o fenômeno de meandro do vento horizontal. O modelo é derivado a partir da linearização da equação de Langevin e emprega uma forma funcional heurística, que representa as funções de autocorrelação do meandro. As novas soluções, que descrevem as componentes longitudinais e laterais do vento, foram empregadas para simular dois experimentos de dispersão de contaminantes em condições de vento fraco, INEL (USA) e GRAZ (Áustria). Os resultados das comparações indicam que o novo modelo pode ser usado para reproduzir as concentrações observadas de contaminantes e, portanto descreve de forma satisfatória a difusão reforçada provocada pelo meandro do vento.
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Books on the topic "Passive stance"

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Mulholland, Stephanie. A study of passive smoking and the expression of placental-like heat stable alkaline phosphatase activity in serum. The Author], 1993.

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2

Grant, Oliver H. A study of passive smoking and the expression of placental-like serum heat stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP) activity. The Author], 1990.

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Tsur, Reuven. Elusive Qualities in Poetry, Receptivity, and Neural Correlates. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190457747.003.0013.

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Arnheim’s terms “actively organizing mind” and “passively receiving mind” can usefully be applied in practical criticism to suggest the significance of poetic structures as described by more concrete terms. But it is not quite clear what exactly they refer to. This chapter explores how the latter term can be illuminating in close readings of poems by Verlaine. Neuropsychological findings proposed in the last section fill those terms with more solid meaning. When you experience sensory stimuli, certain areas in the secondary somatosensory cortex light up. When you perceive yourself as the voluntary agent causing the sensations, this activity is suppressed. This may account for the observation that the actively organizing mind is less sensitive to elusive sensations in poetry than a passive attitude. This chapter explores the linguistic means—syntactic, semantic, and phonetic—by which Verlaine’s texts manipulate the fictional speaker and/or the flesh-and-blood reader into a passive stance.
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Hardiman, David. The Nonviolent Struggle for Indian Freedom, 1905-19. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190920678.001.0001.

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Much of the recent surge in writing about the practice of nonviolent forms of resistance has focused on movements that occurred after the end of the Second World War, many of which have been extremely successful. Although the fact that such a method of civil resistance was developed in its modern form by Indians is acknowledged in this writing, there has not until now been an authoritative history of the role of Indians in the evolution of the phenomenon.The book argues that while nonviolence is associated above all with the towering figure of Mahatma Gandhi, 'passive resistance' was already being practiced as a form of civil protest by nationalists in British-ruled India, though there was no principled commitment to nonviolence as such. The emphasis was on efficacy, rather than the ethics of such protest. It was Gandhi, first in South Africa and then in India, who evolved a technique that he called 'satyagraha'. He envisaged this as primarily a moral stance, though it had a highly practical impact. From 1915 onwards, he sought to root his practice in terms of the concept of ahimsa, a Sanskrit term that he translated as ‘nonviolence’. His endeavors saw 'nonviolence' forged as both a new word in the English language, and as a new political concept. This book conveys in vivid detail exactly what such nonviolence entailed, and the formidable difficulties that the pioneers of such resistance encountered in the years 1905-19.
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The Playboy Sheikh's Virgin Stable-Girl. Harlequin, 2009.

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Varol, Ozan O. Friends with Benefits. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190626013.003.0006.

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This chapter argues that militaries will tend to support dictatorships when their interests are aligned. Even when the military doesn’t share the dictator’s ideology, military officers may support him if the dictator is willing to protect their interests. Support can be active or passive. The military can actively support an authoritarian government by taking affirmative steps to fend off domestic and foreign threats. Support can also be passive, as when the military merely tolerates the dictatorship and refrains from toppling the regime even though the opportunity presents itself. The military’s loyalty can be purchased. The dictator may shower the armed forces with social and financial perks, such as salary increases, better training, modern equipment, and promotions. Some dictators go beyond simply providing financial and social perks to the military and engage in active social engineering to ensure its loyalty. The military may also remain loyal to a dictatorship where the regime is strong and stable. Militaries rarely stage coups against stable governments. Only when a dictatorship begins to wobble does a coup become a possibility.
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Kinchin, Ian M., ed. Reclaiming the Teaching Discourse in Higher Education. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350411500.

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This book examines university teaching to encourage a move away from the singular lens of neoliberalism towards more a pluralistic stance that inspires a healthy diversity of theories and practices.University teaching is dominated by neoliberal cultures of measurement, consumerism and deficit, generating a monocultural narrative that disenfranchises the higher education teaching community. Collaborative communities of support are now perceived as performative regimes of surveillance, and existing injustices in the education system have been amplified by institutional responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. This book offers a reappraisal of the current state of university teaching, and re-imaginings of potential futures. Inspired by emerging perspectives in educational research and building upon Biesta’s notion of the ‘rediscovery of teaching’, the book encourages an escape from accepted wisdom, liberating teaching from the bonds of reductive binary and linear thinking, and accepting the need for a plurality of theoretical perspectives. While universities use popular terms such as student-centredness, global excellence, active learning, and so on, and will highlight key performance metrics such as student satisfaction or teaching excellence awards, the reality is that much current teaching practice is rather ‘traditional’, ‘teacher-centred’, ‘passive’, and ‘content heavy’. Despite managerial emphasis on ‘best practice’ and ‘evidence-based practice’, teaching is not reducible to a simple set of competencies and student learning is not adequately summarised as a list of graduate attributes. Teaching is relational and highly context dependent, and our discussion of teaching should recognise this. The performative culture pervading many campuses can dampen down large-scale innovation, leaving marginalised pockets of subversive collaboration and experimentation to operate below the corporate radar. Here the contributors give voice to some of those emerging ideas and challenge neoliberal orthodoxy.
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Heston, Anthony. Ethereum: How to Safely Create Stable and Long-Term Passive Income by Investing in Ethereum. Freedom Bound Publishing, 2019.

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Cryptocurrencies: How to Safely Create Stable and Long-Term Passive Income by Investing in Cryptocurrencies. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2017.

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Hutchinson, G. O. What to Write under a Statue (Cato Maior 19.4–6). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821717.003.0007.

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This chapter offers another passage of summary, but here not in exalted style. Rather, Plutarch uses the medium of a supposed inscription to show the Roman people’s appreciation of Cato the Elder’s censorship, and his moral rescue of the Roman res publica. The historicity of the inscription is extremely doubtful; but the passage shows a fruitful interaction between the austere moral ethos of the Middle Republic (as restored by Cato) and the rich and stylish eloquence of Greek Imperial prose. The passage is not mere hagiography: Cato’s stance on statues has changed. The passage moves away from dense rhythm into a witty and irresistible mot.
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Book chapters on the topic "Passive stance"

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Riddle, Shane, Gregory Sutton, Victoria A. Webster-Wood, Hillel J. Chiel, and Roger D. Quinn. "Passive Stability of Stance is Determined by the Relationship Between Natural Frequency and Walking Frequency." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-72597-5_30.

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Simanjuntak, Risa Rumentha. "Claiming Importance of Research: A Corpus Linguistics Analysis on Indonesian Students’ Research Papers." In Engaging Indonesia. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2336-2_9.

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AbstractResearch in universities has been deemed as a key aspect in showing rigor and accountability as well as the gatekeeper for academic quality. Research writing and publication, including those composed by students, are expected to provide strong and compelling applications of knowledge in their field. This present research investigated strategies used by students in claiming importance by way of presenting stance and arguments in their research writings. Corpus for this study was 1,178 student research abstracts from undergraduate student final papers in Indonesia. Two sub-corpora were built from this corpus, consisting of English version abstracts and Indonesian original abstracts. Corpus analysis was conducted to identify the lexical use and the context of the use of rhetorical markers by analyzing frequency, clusters, concordance, and collocations in the corpus. Using AntConc 4.2.4 as the tool for corpus analysis, the investigation was focused on the strategies in using hedges and boosters to present stance and arguments. Results of this study showed students used distinctive rhetorical markers in their abstracts, including the frequent recurrence of passive verbs (7 passive verbs out of 20 verbs). Results also showed the word “metode” (method) was frequently used (occurring 1,079 times in the Indonesian sub-corpus) in comparison to the word “hasil” (result) (occurring 588 times in the sub-corpus). Students also used more hedges (24 types) than boosters (17 types), contrary to common understanding. The findings of this study indicated the strategies students used to claim importance of their research. Students were also clearly aware of the value of writing as evidence of academic achievements and adherence. The conclusion for this study demonstrated the importance of providing students with alternative routes to show rigor and quality in writing. Implications for further research and for data-driven applications in writing courses were also discussed.
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Weiss, Daniel. "Covid-19 vaccination policies in an autocratic context." In Remedies against the Pandemic. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.102.05wei.

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The paper continues a book chapter devoted to the Belarusian and Russian crisis management during the first months of the pandemic (Weiss 2022). The present chapter examines the second half of 2021 when vaccines were already available in both countries. It is based on data from speeches broadcast on TV, reports by so-called “foreign agents”, i.e. Russian independent investigative agencies, and online news including the official Kremlin site. The main research question focuses on the impact of vaccination on both Lukašenko’s and Putin’s policies: how did their communication strategies change, what was their own stance towards vaccination, and how did they cope with peoples’ reluctance to get vaccinated? The tools to achieve this goal are mainly provided by argumentation theory and impoliteness theory. The comparison is somewhat impeded by Lukašenko being a tacit COVID denier who rejected any compulsive protective measures but nevertheless had to support vaccination. He mercilessly insulted his ministers who tried to impose protective measures on citizens and he tended to conflate online bloggers criticizing his crisis management with his political opponents. Putin backed the vaccination campaign but did not succeed in overcoming the masses’ passive resistance despite a “split-voice” strategy: whereas he officially maintained his image of an unbiased father of the nation, state media such as the TV station “Russia today”, which attacked anti-vaxxers very aggressively, portrayed him as the main decision-maker and ruthless punisher. His publicly pronounced arguments against compulsory vaccination proved very weak.
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Burghartz, Joachim N., and Colin C. Mcandrew. "Passive Components." In Guide to State-of-the-Art Electron Devices. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118517543.ch4.

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Agnesi, A., J. C. Diels, P. Di Trapani, et al. "Passive Feedback for Stable Short Pulse Generation." In Springer Series in Chemical Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84269-6_12.

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Santolalla, Oscar. "Passion." In Rock the Tech Stage. Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6312-9_6.

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Číhal, Vladimír, Marie Blahetová, Zdenka Krhutová, Stanislav Lasek, and E. Kalabisová. "Passive State Degradation of Stainless Steel Welds." In Solid State Phenomena. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-49-3.189.

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Franken, Leni. "Political Secularism: Passive and Assertive." In Liberal Neutrality and State Support for Religion. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28944-1_12.

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Johnston, Arch C. "The Seismicity of ‘Stable Continental Interiors’." In Earthquakes at North-Atlantic Passive Margins: Neotectonics and Postglacial Rebound. Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2311-9_18.

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McCashin, Anthony. "Jobseekers: Conversion from Passive to Active?" In Continuity and Change in the Welfare State. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96779-0_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Passive stance"

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Cheng, Jing, Ruigang Wang, and Ian R. Manchester. "Learning Stable and Passive Neural Differential Equations." In 2024 IEEE 63rd Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc56724.2024.10886407.

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Notomista, Gennaro. "Stable, Safe, and Passive Teleoperation of Multi-Robot Systems." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra57147.2024.10610937.

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Bierwirth, M., J. Goellner, and A. Heyn. "Passivation of Stainless Steels Measured with Electrochemical Noise." In CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2006-06428.

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Abstract Stainless steels are widely used as construction materials due to their corrosion resistance obtained by stable passive layers. The formation of those passive layers under atmospheric conditions depends not only on the surface treatment. It depends also on the exposure time in a certain atmosphere after the surface treatment until a stable passive state is reached. This paper shows the ability to measure the formation process of the passive layer with electrochemical noise and to determine necessary exposure times to avoid pitting of freshly treated surfaces. Specimens of SS316 were exposed to two different atmospheric conditions after mechanically grinding. Measurements were performed with a set-up measuring cell and a 1M NaCl solution at pH3. Potential and potential noise data were taken for different exposure times at different locations on the surface of the same specimen. The potential data show clearly the active or passive state of the specimen, while the noise data give further information about the activity of several metastable pits on the surface at the passive state. A decrease of surface activity at increasing exposure times indicating a further improvement of the passive layer can be shown.
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Lee, Jun-Seob, Jörg Radnik, and Ralph Bäßler. "Electrochemical Behavior of UNS N08031 in Green-Death Solution." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-10631.

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Abstract The electrochemical behavior of UNS(1) N08031 was investigated as a function of electrode potential in Green-Death(2) solution at 40 °C. The UNS N08031 surface is in a stable passive state during cyclic potentiodynamic polarization without an initiation and/or propagation of localized corrosion. In potentiostatic polarization of UNS N08031 for 3600 s, passive current density increases with an increase in the passivation potential from 0.7 to 1.0 VSSE (silver/silver chloride reference electrode in saturated potassium chloride) Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Mott-Schottky (M-S) analysis showed that a more defective n-type semiconductive passive film forms as the potential increases. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that passive film consists of mainly chromium and minor iron and nickel oxides. The mechanism of the defective passive film formation is discussed. The increase of the applied potential is considered to be a reason for the change in passive film stability.
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Rezaei, Farzan, and Loai G. Salem. "A 94.7-dB Dynamic Range Fully Passive Switched-Capacitor Low-pass Filter with Enhanced Selectivity and Passive Gain." In 2024 IEEE European Solid-State Electronics Research Conference (ESSERC). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esserc62670.2024.10719589.

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Omido, Takeru, Sadayoshi Mikami, and Kazuyuki Hyodo. "Limiting stance leg heel angle by sole shape to achieve stable passive dynamic walk." In 2014 13th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2014.7064474.

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Shamaei, Kamran, Paul C. Napolitano, and Aaron M. Dollar. "A quasi-passive compliant stance control Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis." In 2013 IEEE 13th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icorr.2013.6650471.

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Culver, Steve C., Leo G. Vailati, and Michael Goldfarb. "A Primarily-Passive Knee Prosthesis with Powered Stance and Swing Assistance." In 2022 International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icorr55369.2022.9896545.

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Chagdes, James R., Joao P. Freire, and Amit Shukla. "Nonlinear Dynamics of Upright Human Balance While Using a Passive-Cane." In ASME 2016 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2016-9863.

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Recent mathematical models of human posture have been explored to better understand the space of control parameters that result in stable upright balance. These models have demonstrated that there are two types of instabilities — a leaning instability and an instability leading to excessive oscillation. While these models provide insight into the stability of upright bipedal stance, they are not sufficient for individuals that require the aid of assistive technologies, such as a passive-cane or a walker. Without a valid model one is unable to understand the control parameters required for maintain upright posture or if similar instabilities even exist when assistive technologies are used. Therefore in this study, we developed a mathematical model of human posture while using a passive-cane to examine the nonlinear dynamics of stance. First, we developed a simple mathematical model of cane assisted human stance by adapting the inverted pendulum model of Chagdes et al., [1]. We modeled the human body, upper arm, forearm, cane, and ground as a two-degree-of-freedom, five-bar-linkage with pin joints representing the ankle, shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints. Second, we investigate upright stability in the parameter space of feedback gain and time-delay. We hypothesize that the analysis will show similar instabilities compared to that of a human standing without assistive technology. We also hypothesize that the space of control parameters which stabilize upright equilibrium posture will increase when a cane is incorporated. This study has two potential applications. First, the developed mathematical model could allow clinicians to better assess technology assisted balance and if needed help clinicians to customize a treatment plan for an individual that allows them to avoid unstable postural dynamics. Second, the mathematical model can be used to design customized assistive technology for people of difference physical properties and impairments.
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Kanner, Oren Y., Nicolás Rojas, and Aaron M. Dollar. "Design of a Passively-Adaptive Three Degree-of-Freedom Multi-Legged Robot With Underactuated Legs." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47867.

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This paper discusses the design of a three degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) non-redundant walking robot with decoupled stance and propulsion locomotion phases that is exactly constrained in stance and utilizes adaptive underactuation to robustly traverse terrain of varying ground height. Legged robots with a large number of actuated degrees of freedom can actively adapt to rough terrain but often end up being kinematically overconstrained in stance, requiring complex redundant control schemes for effective locomotion. Those with fewer actuators generally use passive compliance to enhance their dynamic behavior at the cost of postural control and reliable ground clearance, and often inextricably link control of the propulsion of the robot with control of its posture. In this paper we show that the use of adaptive underactuation techniques with constraint-based design synthesis tools allows for lighter and simpler lower mobility legged robots that can adapt to the terrain below them during the swing phase yet remain stable during stance and that the decoupling of stance and propulsion can greatly simplify their control. Simulation results of the swing phase behavior of the proposed 3-DOF decoupled adaptive legged robot as well as proof-of-concept experiments with a prototype of its corresponding stance platform are presented and validate the suggested design framework.
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Reports on the topic "Passive stance"

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Duffield, John, and Chris Neher. Incorporating deer and turtle total value in collision mitigation benefit-cost calculations. Nevada Department of Transportation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2021.09.1.

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This document is a task report for a larger Wildlife Vehicle Collision (WVC) Reduction and Habitat Connectivity pooled fund study. It addresses the potential use of passive use economic values for wildlife to inform the mitigation of wildlife-vehicle collisions. Passive use, also known as non-use values, are the values individuals place on the existence of a given animal species or population as well as the bequest value of knowing that future generations will also benefit from preserving the species. This report describes a pilot survey and study of willingness to pay by Minnesota households to pay for exclusionary fencing and passage structures to reduce vehicle/animal collisions in the state. The species of focus were deer and turtles. The study found strong support for fencing and passage structures, and statistically significant willingness to pay increased taxes to support their construction.
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Benson, D. K., J. D. Webb, R. W. Burrows, J. D. O. McFadden, and C. Christensen. Materials research for passive solar systems: solid-state phase-change materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5923397.

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D.R. Farley, D. P. Ludberg and S. A. Cohen. Passive Measurement of Hydrogen Ground State Rotational and Vibrational Temperatures in Kinetic Plasmas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/988887.

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Enríquez-Enríquez, Diego, Carlos Mecina-Zapata, Hernán Riveros-Cárcamo, Daniel Jerez-Mayorga, and Francisco Guede-Rojas. Warm-up strategies and performance in competitive swimmers. A systematized narrative review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0038.

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Review question / Objective: In competitive swimmers, are warm-up strategies effective in improving time trial performance? The aim of this systematized narrative review is to analyze the state of the art regarding the effectiveness of warm-up strategies on time trial performance in competitive swimmers. Condition being studied: Effects of active, passive or mixed warm-up strategies on performance in time trials equal to or less than 200 meters applied in healthy competitive swimmers over 15 years of age. Information sources: An electronic search of the MEDLINE database was performed through PubMed.
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Van Wesemael, Dorien, Ehsan Parand, Johan De Boever, Wouter Spek, and Harmen van Laar. Prediction of the rumen passage rate of dietary starch. Wageningen Livestock Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/661771.

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Warr, Richard, and James Cordeiro. First Passage Moments of Finite-State Semi-Markov Processes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1126682.

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Struble, L. J., and P. W. Brown. Inorganic compounds for passive solar energy storage -- solid-state dehydration materials and high specific heat materials. National Bureau of Standards, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.86-3325.

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Neitzel, Sophie M., Lobke H. Jurrius, Bea Deetman, et al. Stand van zaken kleinschalige, passieve visserij in windparken op zee : Een bundeling van bestaande kennis en een verkenning naar de mogelijkheden voor kleinschalige, passieve visserij in windparken. Wageningen Marine Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/637589.

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Rainbird, R. H., and W. J. Davis. Summary of the Statherian-Calymmian paleogeography of northwestern Laurentia. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332508.

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The ca. 1.75 to 1.27 Ga Hornby Bay intracontinental basin, in northwestern Canada, includes the Big Bear, Mountain Lake, and Dismal Lakes groups. This paper investigates the original depositional environments, paleogeography, and architecture of these groups and how they correlate in time and space. The Big Bear group comprises mainly immature clastic rocks deposited by high-energy rivers, the overlying Mountain Lake group was deposited by westerly flowing rivers over a much broader region, and, following tectonic uplift and erosion, basal clastic rocks of the Dismal Lakes Group were deposited in fluvial and then shallow-marine to paralic environments. Detrital zircon geochronology of sandstone units from the Mountain Lake group of Hornby Bay Basin and Wernecke Supergroup in the Wernecke Mountains supports their correlation and the conclusion that they represent the terrestrial and marine components, respectively, of a west-facing, passive-margin clastic wedge that evolved to a stable carbonate platform. These relationships imply further westward extension of a continental drainage system.
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Crippen, Karen, Russell Bora, Kevin Leodinh, and boaz Shields. PR-004-20602-R01 Technology Assessment of Applicable Methods for Dithiazine Analysis. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012114.

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Dithiazine is a compound formed after passage of natural gas or renewable natural gas containing hydrogen sulfide through amine based hydrogen sulfide liquid scavenger towers. Similar to elemental sulfur, dithiazine can solidify at pressure or temperature reduction points and result in potential equipment issues. This study summarizes the state of monitoring dithiazine in gaseous fuels and assesses the potential for selected gas analyzers to continuously monitor dithiazine on-line or be developed for this application.
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