Journal articles: 'Passive UHF RFID tags'

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Gigac, Juraj, Mária Fišerová, Maroš Kováč, and Svetozár Hegyi. "PASSIVE UHF RFID TAGS WITH THERMAL-TRANSFER-PRINTED ANTENNAS." Materiali in tehnologije 55, no. 2 (April 15, 2021): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17222/mit.2020.184.

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Papers for the thermal transfer printing of UHF RFID antennas were prepared by coating and calendering. Real and imaginary components of the impedance of the UHF RFID antennas depended on their design, coating composition and conditions of paper calendering. Passive UHF RFID tags were constructed from antennas and chips whose real and imaginary components of impedance in the 860–960 MHz frequency band were at approximately the same level. The communication quality of passive UHF RFID tags was evaluated by measuring the reading range using the designed UHF RFID reading unit. The reading range of experimental UHF RFID tags with printed antennas on paper and commercial UHF RFID tags with chemically etched antennas on a PET film were identical in the 860 MHz frequency.

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He, Han, Lauri Sydänheimo, Johanna Virkki, and Leena Ukkonen. "Experimental Study on Inkjet-Printed Passive UHF RFID Tags on Versatile Paper-Based Substrates." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9265159.

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We present the possibilities and challenges of passive UHF RFID tag antennas manufactured by inkjet printing silver nanoparticle ink on versatile paper-based substrates. The most efficient manufacturing parameters, such as the pattern resolution, were determined and the optimal number of printed layers was evaluated for each substrate material. Next, inkjet-printed passive UHF RFID tags were fabricated on each substrate with the optimized parameters and number of layers. According to our measurements, the tags on different paper substrates showed peak read ranges of 4–6.5 meters and the tags on different cardboard substrates exhibited peak read ranges of 2–6 meters. Based on their wireless performance, these inkjet-printed paper-based passive UHF RFID tags are sufficient for many future wireless applications and comparable to tags fabricated on more traditional substrates, such as polyimide.

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Hu, Shengbo, Bing Si, Heng Shu, and Jinrong Mo. "Power Transmission of UHF Passive Embedded RFID in Tires." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/897041.

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UHF passive RFID tags embedded in tires have a deep impact on tire life cycle management and tire monitoring. In this work, we present the power transmission of UHF passive embedded RFID in tires. In UHF passive embedded RFID systems in tires, the bidirectional radio link between reader and tags goes through air and tires. The total path loss contains reflection loss at tire-air boundaries and attenuation loss in the tires. The power transmission is based on the permittivity of tires and tire-air boundary conditions. We give an OCP method for measuring the permittivity of tires. By analyzing the radio link for UHF passive RFID, we establish a model of wave propagation of UHF embedded RFID in tires and make numerical analyses. Numerical analyses show that the error of the OCP methods for measuring the permittivity of tires is small, the parallel polarization and normal incidence of wave are chosen for improving the performance of the UHF embedded RFID in tires, and distance is chosen to keep power transmission function from locating valley.

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Xu, He, Ye Ding, Peng Li, and Ruchuan Wang. "Indoor Localization Using the Reference Tags and Phase of Passive UHF-RFID Tags." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 13, no. 2 (July 2017): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbdcn.2017070106.

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In recent years, indoor position has been an important role in many applications, such as production management, store management and shelves in supermarket or library. Much time and energy are exhausted because one object cannot be quickly and accurately located. Traditional indoor position systems have some problems, such as complicated software and hardware system, inaccurate position and high time complexity. In this paper, the authors propose an RFID-based collaborative information system, Tagrom, for indoor localization using COTS RFID readers and tags. Unlike former methods, Tagrom works with reference tags and phase of Passive UHF-RFID tags, which improves traditional distribution of reference tags and utilize RF phase replace of traditional RSSI or multipath profile to determine the position of target RFID tags.

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Kolarovszki, Peter, Zuzana Kolarovszká, Dragan Perakovic, and Marko Periša. "Laboratory Testing of Active and Passive UHF RFID Tags." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 17, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ttj-2016-0014.

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Abstract This article deals with research of laboratory testing by active and passive UHF tags and therefore mutual coexistence of active and passive RFID technology, which is a part of automatic identification and data capture. In this article we would like to describe an identification of transport unit based on passive technology and also by active technology. We would like to specify, how this technologies can work together and in which application focuses on postal and logistics. All results are verified by measurement in our AIDC laboratory, which is located at the University of Žilina. Our research contains different types of measurements in order to point out the possible influence of these two technologies. The results of our research bring the new point of view and indicate the ways using of UHF RFID technology in postal and logistics applications. At the end of this article is characterized the utilization of the RFID technology in postal logistics chain by using both passive and active technologies.

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Virtanen, Juha, Toni Bjorninen, Leena Ukkonen, and Lauri Sydanheimo. "Passive UHF Inkjet-Printed Narrow-Line RFID Tags." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 9 (2010): 440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2010.2050050.

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De Donno, Danilo. "Unconventional UHF RFID Tags with Sensing and Computing Capabilities." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 10, no. 2 (June 23, 2014): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v10i2.128.

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The design of fully-passive UHF RFID tags preserving cost-effectiveness, yet supplying augmented capabilities, represents an ambitious and stimulating challenge, as such devices would pave the way to a large class of applications where identification, computation, automatic cognition, and wireless sensing are required. In this work, two solutions are proposed. The former, named RAMSES, is optimized for RFID-based sensing and relies on a novel approach exploiting a new-generation I2C-UHF RFID chip. RAMSES is able to write sensor data into the EPC and communicate up to 5 m of distance from a conventional UHF RFID Class-1 Generation-2 (Gen2) reader. The latter solution, named SPARTACUS, renounces part of this long operating range in exchange for additional computing capabilities enabling an increased interaction with RFID readers. SPARTACUS represents the first example in literature of RFID device embedding sensing/actuation functionalities, distributed computation, and fully bidirectional communication with the reader. Satisfactory operating range, sensing, computation, data storage, and cost-effectiveness are the main strengths making the proposed devices definitely suitable for a wide array of novel and unconventional RFID applications.

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Bhogal, Varun, Zornitza Genova Prodanoff, Sanjay P. Ahuja, and Kenneth Martin. "On BFSA Collision Resolution in LF, HF, and UHF RFID Networks." International Journal of Wireless Networks and Broadband Technologies 4, no. 2 (April 2015): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwnbt.2015040104.

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RFID (radio frequency identification) technology has gained popularity in a number of applications. Decreased cost of hardware components along with wide adoption of international RFID standards have led to the rise of this technology. One of the major factors associated with the implementation of RFID infrastructure is the cost of tags. RFID tags operating in the low frequency spectrum are widely used because they are the least expensive, but have a small implementation range. This paper presents an analysis of RFID performance across low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and ultra-high frequency (UHF) environments. The authors' evaluation is theoretical, using a passive-tag BFSA based simulation model that assumes 10 to 1,500 tags per reader and is created with OPNET Modeler 17. Ceteris paribus, the authors' results indicate that total census delay is lowest for UHF tags, while network throughput performance of LF tags is highest for large scale implementations of hundreds of tags in reader's range. A statistical analysis has been conducted on the findings for the three different sets.

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Catarinucci, Luca, Riccardo Colella, Mario De Blasi, Luigi Patrono, and Luciano Tarricone. "Experimental Performance Evaluation of Passive UHF RFID Tags in Electromagnetically Critical Supply Chains." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 7, no. 2 (June 22, 2011): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v7i2.179.

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Radio Frequency Identification is going to play a veryimportant role as auto-identification solution for manyapplication scenarios, where item-level tagging and highperformance are crucial. In such a context, the use of passive Ultra High Frequency (UHF) tags is strongly suggested but, unfortunately, general-purpose commercial tags could not meet all the requirements in presence of critical operating conditions, including the presence of metals and liquids, the misalignment between tag and reader antennas, and the need of multiple reading of tags. In this paper, the main features that a UHF tag should own to work properly in the whole supply chain are presented. A tag, named below Enhanced tag, satisfying all theindividuated requirements has been also realized and validated in a controlled test environment simulating the pharmaceutical supply chain. Tests have been focused on the above-mentioned critical conditions. The performance of the Enhanced tag, in terms of successful read rate, has been compared with that of some commercial Far Field and Near Field UHF tags. The experimental results are impressive and clearly demonstrate that ad hoc Far Field UHF tags are able to effectively solve many of the performance degradation problems affecting generalpurpose tags. Finally, the proposed tag has been also tested in extreme conditions, applying it directly on Tetra Pak packages containing liquid, with interesting results in terms of platformtolerant features.

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Wang, Honggang, Ruixue Yu, Ruoyu Pan, Mengyuan Liu, Qiongdan Huang, and Jingfeng Yang. "Fast tag identification for mobile RFID robots in manufacturing environments." Assembly Automation 41, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-11-2020-0182.

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Purpose In manufacturing environments, mobile radio frequency identification (RFID) robots need to quickly identify and collect various types of passive tag and active tag sensor data. The purpose of this paper is to design a robot system compatible with ultra high frequency (UHF) band passive and active RFID applications and to propose a new anti-collision protocol to improve identification efficiency for active tag data collection. Design/methodology/approach A new UHF RFID robot system based on a cloud platform is designed and verified. For the active RFID system, a grouping reservation–based anti-collision algorithm is proposed in which an inventory round is divided into reservation period and polling period. The reservation period is divided into multiple sub-slots. Grouped tags complete sub-slot by randomly transmitting a short reservation frame. Then, in the polling period, the reader accesses each tag by polling. When tags’ reply collision occurs, the reader tries to re-query collided tags once, and the pre-reply tags avoid collisions through random back-off and channel activity detection. Findings The proposed algorithm achieves a maximum theoretical system throughput of about 0.94, and very few tag data frame transmissions overhead. The capture effect and channel activity detection in physical layer can effectively improve system throughput and reduce tag data transmission. Originality/value In this paper, the authors design and verify the UHF band passive and active hybrid RFID robot architecture based on cloud collaboration. And, the proposed anti-collision algorithm would improve active tag data collection speed and reduce tag transmission overhead in complex manufacturing environments.

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Catarinucci, Luca, Riccardo Colella, and Luciano Tarricone. "Electromagnetic Performance Estimation of UHF RFID Tags in Harsh Contexts." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v13i2.381.

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Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is a consolidated example of electromagnetic system in which passive labels equipped with flexible antennas, called tags, are able to use a portion of the electromagnetic energy from the reader antennas, power-up their internal circuitry and provide the automatic identification of objects. Being fully-passive, the performance of RFID tags is strongly dependent on the context, so that the selection of the most suitable tag for the specific application becomes a key point. In this work, a cost-effective but accurate system for the over-the-air electromagnetic characterization of assembled UHF RFID tags is firstly presented and then validated through comparison with a consolidated and diffused measurement systems. Moreover, challenging use-cases demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed systems in analyzing the electromagnetic performance of label-type tags also when applied on materials on different shape or embedded into concrete blocks have been carried out.

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Aroca, Rafael V., André C. Hernandes, Daniel V. Magalhães, Marcelo Becker, Carlos Manoel Pedro Vaz, and Adonai G. Calbo. "Calibration of Passive UHF RFID Tags Using Neural Networks to Measure Soil Moisture." Journal of Sensors 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3436503.

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This paper presents a system to monitor soil moisture using standard UHF RFID tags buried on the soil. An autonomous mobile robot is also presented, which is capable to navigate on the field and automatically read the sensors, even if they are completely buried on the soil. Thus, passive RFID tags are buried on the soil, allowing wireless moisture measurement without the need of batteries for long periods. The system dispenses external cables and antennas and may be composed of a single RFID tag buried on the soil or by several RFID tags buried at different depths on the soil. An antenna coupled to a RFID reader can be pointed to the place of installation of these tags, and by measuring the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and other parameters, it allows to estimate the amount of water on the soil. The estimation of volumetric water content (VWC) on the soil was successfully obtained and calibrated with R2>0.9 using neural networks trained with experimental data from a reference capacitive soil moisture sensor. In addition to the simplified installation procedure, the system allows manual or automatic reading through irrigation systems or other systems to control irrigation systems. The system has been evaluated in several experiments, and nine tags were buried on the field, being used for at least three years. Experimental results show that it is possible to read tags at 40 cm deep in the soil with the RFID reader antenna 10 cm far from the soil surface.

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Bolton, Joshua, Erick Jones, Raghavendra Kumar Punugu, Ankan Addy, and Samuel Okate. "Performance and Benchmarking of Multisurface UHF RFID Tags for Readability and Reliability." Journal of Sensors 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3467593.

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As the price of passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tags continues to decrease, more and more companies are considering item-level tagging. Although the use of RFID is simple, its proper application should be studied to achieve maximum efficiency and utilization in the industry. This paper is intended to demonstrate the test results of various multisurface UHF tags from different manufacturers for their readability under varying conditions such as orientation of tags with respect to reader, distance of tag from the reader, and materials used for embedding tags. These conditions could affect the reliability of RFID systems used for varied applications. In this paper, we implement a Design for Six Sigma Research (DFSS-R) methodology that allows for reliability testing of RFID systems. In this paper, we have showcased our results about the benchmarking of UHF RFID tags and have put forward an important observation about the blind spots observed at different distances and orientations along different surfaces, which is primarily due to the polarity of the antenna chosen.

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Björninen, Toni, Sari Merilampi, Leena Ukkonen, Lauri Sydänheimo, and Pekka Ruuskanen. "The Effect of Fabrication Method on Passive UHF RFID Tag Performance." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2009 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/920947.

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In passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), transponders or tags are used to label objects to be identified. In this study passive tag antennas were produced using etching, screen-printing, and gravure printing methods. The threshold and backscattered signal strengths of the tags were measured to determine the effect of different manufacturing methods on the tags' performance. Conductivity, skin depth, thickness, and the quality of the conducting layer have a major effect on tag performance. Each manufacturing method sets its own boundary conditions on the processibility of the high quality conduction layer and such conditions need to be considered in tag design. Tag design also affects the manufacturing parameters used in the different techniques. The results of the study show that each of the studied fabrication methods can be used to manufacture reliable RFID tags.

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Colella, Riccardo, Luca Catarinucci, and Luciano Tarricone. "Measurement system for over-the-air evaluation of UHF RFID tags quality." Wireless Power Transfer 4, no. 1 (December 28, 2016): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wpt.2016.13.

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Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology is a consolidated example of wireless power transfer system in which passive electromagnetic labels called tags are able to harvest electromagnetic energy from the reader antennas, power-up their internal circuitry and provide the automatic identification of objects. Being fully passive, the performance of RFID tags is strongly dependent on the context, so that the selection of the most suitable tag for the specific application becomes a key point. In this work, a cost-effective but accurate system for the over-the-air electromagnetic characterization of assembled UHF RFID tags is firstly presented and then validated through comparison with a consolidated and diffused measurement systems. Moreover, challenging use-cases demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed systems in analyzing the electromagnetic performance of label-type tags also when applied on different material or embedded into concrete structures have been carried out.

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Patrono, Luigi. "Integrating Passive UHF RFID Tags with WSN Nodes: Challenges and Opportunities." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 10, no. 2 (June 23, 2014): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v10i2.130.

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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have received an ever-increasing attention in recent years, mainly because they represent two of the most important technologies enabling the Internet of Things vision. Although designed originally with different objectives, WSN and RFID represent two complementary technologies whose integration might increase their functionalities and extend their range of applications. However, important technological issues must still be solved in order to fully exploit the potentialities offered by such integration. In this work, an innovative RFID-WSN integration approach is presented and validated. It relies on the interconnection of a new-generation, long-range, EPCglobal Class-1 Generation-2 Ultra-High-Frequency (UHF) RFID tag with a commercial WSN node via the I2C interface. Experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to existing solution in the literature. Interesting application scenarios enabled by the proposed RFID-WSN integration approach are briefly summarized at the end of the paper.

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Pham, Thong Tien, Hoa Viet Nguyen, Ai Nhan Tran, Phat Tan Lam, and Chien Mau Dang. "Antennas fabrication for RFID uhf and microwave passive tags." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2013): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i1.1414.

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In this paper, the authors present several antenna structures for RFID passive tags with direct chip connection. In this study, the substrate is PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) with 80μm thickness, the conductive layer is copper with 10μm thickness and CST Microwave Studio is used for simulation. The antenna design process is described and related results are shown. The goal of this study is to achieve compact size, good matching impedance, and to increase the bandwidth and read range of the tag as much as possible. The prototypes were fabricated by sputtering technology with 1μm thickness, then thickened by electroplating technique and finally tested by hand-held reader for read range characterizations.

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Akbari, M., H. He, J. Juuti, M. M. Tentzeris, J. Virkki, and L. Ukkonen. "3D Printed and Photonically Cured Graphene UHF RFID Tags on Textile, Wood, and Cardboard Substrates." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7327398.

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This paper introduces 3D direct writing and microdispensing of graphene ultrahigh frequency (UHF) radio-frequency-identification (RFID) antennas on textile, wood, and cardboard substrates, subsequently cured either by conventional oven or photonically by pulsed Xenon flashes. Photonic-cured passive UHF RFID graphene tags on cardboard, wood, and textile substrates achieve read ranges of 5.4, 4.6, and 4 meters, respectively. These results are superior to those achieved by the oven-cured tags that featured read ranges of 4.8, 4.5, and 3.6 meters, respectively. This work presents the first integration of 3D printing and photonic curing of graphene antennas on low-cost versatile substrates.

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Sipilä, Erja, Johanna Virkki, Lauri Sydänheimo, and Leena Ukkonen. "Experimental Study on Brush-Painted Passive RFID-Based Humidity Sensors Embedded into Plywood Structures." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1203673.

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The integration of electronics and wood is an interesting research area due to the increasing interest to add functionality into various wooden products. The passive RFID-based humidity sensor tag prototype, presented in this paper, is fabricated directly on plywood substrate to be embedded into wooden structures, by using brush-painting and photonic sintering of cost-effective silver ink. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of brush-painted antennas as sensor elements. The developed sensor tag is fully passive and small in size, meaning it can be permanently enclosed into wooden structures. In addition, the sensor tag has all the functionalities of an ordinary passive UHF RFID tag, and a peak read range of about 10 meters. The sensor performance was evaluated in normal room conditions, after two 100% relative humidity tests, and after drying in normal room conditions for 9 days. According to the results, the fabricated UHF RFID-based humidity sensor tags have a great potential to be utilized in humidity sensing applications, and also in normal automatic identification and supply chain control of various wooden products. In addition, the first results of more cost-effective brush-painted copper UHF RFID tags on plywood substrate are presented.

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Wang, Shiqi, Ngai Lok Chong, Johanna Virkki, Toni Björninen, Lauri Sydänheimo, and Leena Ukkonen. "Towards Washable Electrotextile UHF RFID Tags: Reliability Study of Epoxy-Coated Copper Fabric Antennas." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/424150.

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We investigate the impact of washing on the performance of passive UHF RFID tags based on dipole antennas fabricated from copper fabric and coated with protective epoxy coating. Initially, the tags achieved read ranges of about 8 meters, under the European RFID emission regulation. To assess the impact of washing on the performance of the tags, they were washed repeatedly in a washing machine and measured after every washing cycle. Despite the reliability challenges related to mechanical stress, the used epoxy coating was found to be a promising coating for electrotextile tags in moist conditions.

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Yang, Li, Amin Rida, Rushi Vyas, and Manos M. Tentzeris. "Novel “Enhanced-Cognition” RFID Architectures on Organic/Paper Low-Cost Substrates Utilizing Inkjet Technologies." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2007 (2007): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/68385.

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The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of novel design and integration approaches for improved performance “enhanced-cognition” UHF passive and active radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. Antenna design rules are explained for a variety of applications. A strategy that is currently under development for embedding power sources and integration of sensors and integrated circuits (ICs) on low-cost organic substrates, such as liquid crystal polymer (LCP) and paper, enabling the use of inkjet-printing capability for the UHF frequency band, is discussed in the paper. The proposed technologies could potentially revolutionize RFID tags allowing for integrated sensing capabilities for various applications such as security, military, logistics, automotion, and pharmaceutics.

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Virtanen, J., F. Yang, L. Ukkonen, A. Z. Elsherbeni, A. A. Babar, and L. Sydänheimo. "Dual port temperature sensor tag for passive UHF RFID systems." Sensor Review 34, no. 2 (March 17, 2014): 154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-12-2011-681.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel totally passive, wireless temperature sensor tag based on ultra high-frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The temperature-sensing functionality is enabled by using distilled water embedded in the tag antenna substrate. The novel sensor tag is designed to provide wireless temperature readings comparable to a commercial thermocouple thermometer even in environments with high levels of interference, such as reflections. The structure of the novel sensor tag is aimed to increase its usability by minimizing user-created errors and to simplify the measurement procedure. Design/methodology/approach – The sensor tag is based on a dual port sensing concept in which two ports are used to obtain sensor readings. By utilizing two ports instead of one, the effects of environmental interference, tag-reader antenna orientation and distance can be effectively minimized. Two alternative methods of acquiring the sensor reading from the operating characteristics of the two ports are presented and discussed. Findings – Temperature measurements in practical scenarios show that by utilizing the dual port sensing concept, the developed tag produces temperature readings wirelessly which are comparable to readings from a commercial thermocouple thermometer. Research limitations/implications – The concept of dual port sensing was shown and two alternative methods on extracting sensor readings from the differences in the port operating characteristics were introduced and discussed. In this paper, the dual port sensing concept is utilized in creating a temperature sensor tag; however, the same concept can be utilized in a variety of passive wireless sensors based on UHF RFID technology. This enables a new approach in designing accurate, easy to use and easily integrable passive sensors. The dual port sensing concept is in its early stages of development; its accuracy could be improved by developing more advanced data post-processing techniques. Practical implications – The accuracy of a passive dual port UHF RFID-enabled temperature sensor tag is proven to be sufficient in many applications. This indicates that other sensor types utilizing the dual port sensing concept can reach high levels of accuracy as well. Furthermore, the passive RFID-enabled sensors based on the dual port sensing concept are superior in usability versus sensor tags equipped only with a single port. Therefore, dual port sensing concept in passive UHF RFID-enabled sensor tags could make such sensors more attractive commercially and lead to truly widespread ubiquitous sensing and computing. Originality/value – This paper presents a novel passive, wireless temperature sensor tag for UHF RFID systems. The sensor tag utilizes a new structure which allows tight integration of two ports and two tag antennas. The accuracy of the developed tag is confirmed throughout measurements and it is found comparable to the accuracy of commercial thermometers in practical measurement scenarios. Moreover, the paper presents a dual port sensing concept and two readout methods based on the concept which are aimed to increase the accuracy and usability of all kinds of UHF RFID-enabled sensor tags.

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Raihani, Hind, Ali Benbassou, Mohammed El Ghzaoui, and Jamal Belkadid. "Novel Miniaturized Folded Line Antenna for Passive UHF RFID Tags." International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation (IRECAP) 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v8i2.12971.

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Luh, Yuan-Ping, and Yin-Chang Liu. "Measurement of Effective Reading Distance of UHF RFID Passive Tags." Modern Mechanical Engineering 03, no. 03 (2013): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/mme.2013.33016.

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Arthaber, Holger, Thomas Faseth, and Florian Galler. "Spread-Spectrum Based Ranging of Passive UHF EPC RFID Tags." IEEE Communications Letters 19, no. 10 (October 2015): 1734–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2015.2469664.

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Contopanagos, Harry F., Panayotis Broutas, and Stavros Chatzandroulis. "Embedded multislotted PIFAs for remotely powered passive UHF RFID tags." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 54, no. 10 (July 18, 2012): 2379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.27096.

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Khan, Zahangir, Xiaochen Chen, Han He, Jinxiong Xu, Tao Wang, Lianglun Cheng, Leena Ukkonen, and Johanna Virkki. "Glove-Integrated Passive UHF RFID Tags—Fabrication, Testing and Applications." IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification 3, no. 3 (September 2019): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jrfid.2019.2922767.

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Ma, Haishu, Yi Wang, Kesheng Wang, and Zongzheng Ma. "The Optimization for Hyperbolic Positioning of UHF Passive RFID Tags." IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 14, no. 4 (October 2017): 1590–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tase.2017.2656947.

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Park, Sangdo, and Hongchul Lee. "Self-Recognition of Vehicle Position Using UHF Passive RFID Tags." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 60, no. 1 (January 2013): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2012.2185018.

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Koski, Karoliina, Eveliina Koski, Juha Virtanen, Toni Björninen, Lauri Sydänheimo, Leena Ukkonen, and Atef Z. Elsherbeni. "Inkjet-printed passive UHF RFID tags: review and performance evaluation." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 62, no. 1-4 (December 2, 2011): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-011-3782-8.

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Merilampi, Sari, Leena Ukkonen, Lauri Sydänheimo, Pekka Ruuskanen, and Markku Kivikoski. "Analysis of Silver Ink Bow-Tie RFID Tag Antennas Printed on Paper Substrates." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2007 (2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/90762.

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In this study, polymeric silver inks, paper substrates, and screen printing were used to produce prototype Bow-Tie tags. Because of increasing interest in applying passive UHF-RFID systems in paper industry, the Bow-Tie antenna used in this study was designed to work through paper. The maximum reliable read ranges of the tags were measured thorough stacked paper and also in air. The analysis and functioning of the antenna design are also discussed. All inks and paper substrates were suitable as antenna material and the prototype tag antennas had good reading performance. The maximum reliable read ranges were quite the same as for copper and aluminum tags studied elsewhere. This means that printed UHF tags are competitive solutions for the identification of simple mass products.

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Catarinucci, Luca, Riccardo Colella, and Luciano Tarricone. "Design of Passive RFID Sensor Tags Enhanced by a Novel Logical Communication Procedure over LLRP." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v13i2.380.

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Over the past decade, electromagnetic and communication science societies, along with improving the classical RFID technology, have put in a great deal of effort in designing novel and more complex UHF RFID tags with augmented capabilities. Novel tags offer additional functionalities besides identification by embedding sensors, actuators, and processing units. In this work an enhanced version of one of such devices, called SPARTACUS, is presented. While being completely passive, it conjugates identification, sensing, local computing, and actuation control and enables a proactive communication with any standard RFID reader. The paper presents details on a novel logical communication procedure over Low Level Reader Protocol (LLRP), besides discussing system validation and performance evaluation.

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Zaid, Jamal, Abdulhadi E. Abdulhadi, and Tayeb A. Denidni. "Miniaturized Multi-Port Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Metamaterial for Passive UHF RFID-Tag Sensor Applications." Sensors 19, no. 9 (April 28, 2019): 1982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19091982.

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In this paper, a miniaturized Ultra High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification (UHF-RFID) tag-based sensor antenna using a magneto- dielectric substrate (MDS) for wireless identification and sensor applications is presented. Two models of RFID tag-based sensors are designed, fabricated and measured. The first model uses two RFID tags; both of the tags are incorporated with two RFID chips. A passive sensor is also integrated in one of the proposed tags to serve as a sensor node, while the other tag is used as a reference node. Based on the difference in the minimum power required to activate the reference and sensor nodes, the sensed data (temperature or humidity) can be determined. The magneto-dielectric substrate layer is placed underneath the patch antenna to reduce the size of the proposed sensor by about 75% compared to a conventional RFID tag-based sensor. The magneto-dielectric layer is thin enough to embed in the planer circuit. To reduce the size of the proposed sensor, a multi-port tag for including the reference and sensor node in one antenna is also presented. The proposed RFID tag-based sensors have several features such as small size, they are completely capable for two objectives at the same time and easy to integrate with a planer circuit.

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Duroc, Y., G. Andia Vera, and J. P. Garcia Martin. "Modified RSSI Technique for the Localization of Passive UHF RFID Tags in LOS Channels." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 5, no. 5 (June 4, 2013): 645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078713000573.

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This paper presents a new approach for improving the localization of passive ultra high frequency radio frequency identification (RFID) tags in line-of-sight channels using a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) technique. In practice, the complex propagation in the indoor channels and also the variability of some parameters of the RFID equipment itself introduces significant amount of errors when the operation of localization carries out the RSSI technique. Indeed, as the calculation is based on a trilateration, the incomplete knowledge of the propagation and some parameters of RFID tags leads to estimate distances which are wrong, and therefore the localization cannot be correct. In order to overcome this drawback, the proposed method takes into account the presence of unknown parameters relying on a dichotomous algorithm which includes probabilistic parameters. The presented simulation results are in good agreement with the expected theoretical results. Experimental results show that the proposed method strongly increases the accuracy of the estimated position of tags. Compared to other approaches based on the improvement of the RSSI technique, this method does not require too much complexity in terms of materials (no need for specific architecture or reference tags) and processing (fast and simple algorithm).

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Sipilä, Erja, Johanna Virkki, Lauri Sydänheimo, and Leena Ukkonen. "Reliability of Passive UHF RFID Copper Tags on Plywood Substrate in High Humidity Conditions." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2016, NOR (July 1, 2016): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2016-nor-sipila.

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The growth of the wireless world, especially the increasing popularity of the Internet of Things, has created a need for cost-effective and environmentally friendly electronics. Great potential lies especially in versatile applications of passive UHF RFID components. However, the reliability of these components is a major issue to be addressed. This paper presents a preliminary reliability study of glue-coated and non-coated brush-painted copper tags on a plywood substrate in high humidity conditions. The passive UHF RFID components presented in this paper are fabricated using brush-painting and photonic sintering of cost-effective copper oxide ink directly on a plywood substrate. The performance of the glue-coated and non-coated tags is evaluated through wireless tag measurements before and after high humidity testing. The measurement results show that the copper tags on plywood substrate initially achieve peak read ranges of 7–8 meters and the applied coating does not affect to the read range. Moisture does not prevent the coated tags from working in a tolerable way, although the tag performance slightly temporarily decreases due to the moisture absorption. However, when the moisture exposure is long, the performance degradation comes irreversible. The absorbed moisture decreases the read range of the non-coated tags and the performance does not return back to normal after drying. Hence, the coating improves the reliability of the tags in a moist environment compared to the non-coated tags. Based on our results, the plywood material and the used manufacturing methods are very potential for low-cost, high-volume green electronics manufacturing.

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He, Han, Mitra Akbari, Lauri Sydänheimo, Leena Ukkonen, and Johanna Virkki. "3D-Printed Graphene Antennas and Interconnections for Textile RFID Tags: Fabrication and Reliability towards Humidity." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (June 5, 2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1386017.

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We present the possibilities of 3D direct-write dispensing in the fabrication of passive UHF RFID graphene tags on a textile substrate. In our method, the graphene tag antenna is deposited directly on top of the IC strap, in order to simplify the manufacturing process by removing one step, that is, the IC attachment with conductive glue. Our wireless measurement results confirm that graphene RFID tags with printed antenna-IC interconnections achieve peak read ranges of 5.2 meters, which makes them comparable to graphene tags with epoxy-glued ICs. After keeping the tags in high humidity, the read ranges of the tags with epoxy-glued and printed antenna-IC interconnections decrease 0.8 meters and 0.5 meters, respectively. However, after drying, the performance of both types of tags returns back to normal.

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Arjona, Laura, Hugo Landaluce, Asier Perallos, and Enrique Onieva. "Dynamic Frame Update Policy for UHF RFID Sensor Tag Collisions." Sensors 20, no. 9 (May 9, 2020): 2696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092696.

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The current growing demand for low-cost edge devices to bridge the physical–digital divide has triggered the growing scope of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology research. Besides object identification, researchers have also examined the possibility of using RFID tags for low-power wireless sensing, localisation and activity inference. This paper focuses on passive UHF RFID sensing. An RFID system consists of a reader and various numbers of tags, which can incorporate different kinds of sensors. These sensor tags require fast anti-collision protocols to minimise the number of collisions with the other tags sharing the reader’s interrogation zone. Therefore, RFID application developers must be mindful of anti-collision protocols. Dynamic Frame Slotted Aloha (DFSA) anti-collision protocols have been used extensively in the literature because EPCglobal Class 1 Generation 2 (EPC C1G2), which is the current communication protocol standard in RFID, employs this strategy. Protocols under this category are distinguished by their policy for updating the transmission frame size. This paper analyses the frame size update policy of DFSA strategies to survey and classify the main state-of-the-art of DFSA protocols according to their policy. Consequently, this paper proposes a novel policy to lower the time to read one sensor data packet compared to existing strategies. Next, the novel anti-collision protocol Fuzzy Frame Slotted Aloha (FFSA) is presented, which applies this novel DFSA policy. The results of our simulation confirm that FFSA significantly decreases the sensor tag read time for a wide range of tag populations when compared to earlier DFSA protocols thanks to the proposed frame size update policy.

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Ukkonen, Leena, and Lauri Sydanheimo. "Threshold Power-based Radiation Pattern Measurement of Passive UHF RFID Tags." PIERS Online 6, no. 6 (2010): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2529/piers091215133414.

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Zamora-Mejía, Gregorio, Jaime Martínez-Castillo, José Miguel Rocha-Pérez, and Alejandro Díaz-Sánchez. "A digitally enhanced LDO voltage regulator for UHF RFID passive tags." IEICE Electronics Express 13, no. 12 (2016): 20150989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.13.20150989.

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Akbari, M., J. Virkki, L. Sydanheimo, and L. Ukkonen. "Toward Graphene-Based Passive UHF RFID Textile Tags: A Reliability Study." IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability 16, no. 3 (September 2016): 429–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdmr.2016.2582261.

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Chasin, Adrian, Vladimir Volskiy, Michael Libois, Kris Myny, Manoj Nag, Maarten Rockele, Guy A. E. Vandenbosch, Jan Genoe, Georges Gielen, and Paul Heremans. "An Integrated a-IGZO UHF Energy Harvester for Passive RFID Tags." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 61, no. 9 (September 2014): 3289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2014.2340462.

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Fyhn, Karsten, Rasmus M. Jacobsen, Petar Popovski, Anna Scaglione, and Torben Larsen. "Multipacket Reception of Passive UHF RFID Tags: A Communication Theoretic Approach." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 59, no. 9 (September 2011): 4225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2011.2159499.

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Krigslund, R., S. Dosen, P. Popovski, J. L. Dideriksen, G. F. Pedersen, and D. Farina. "A Novel Technology for Motion Capture Using Passive UHF RFID Tags." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 60, no. 5 (May 2013): 1453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2209649.

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Catarinucci, Luca, Salvatore Tedesco, Danilo De Donno, and Luciano Tarricone. "PLATFORM-ROBUST PASSIVE UHF RFID TAGS: A CASE-STUDY IN ROBOTICS." Progress In Electromagnetics Research C 30 (2012): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierc12042002.

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Zhang, Bohan, Zhe Wang, Rongguo Song, Huaqiang Fu, Xin Zhao, Cheng Zhang, Daping He, and Zhi P. Wu. "Passive UHF RFID tags made with graphene assembly film-based antennas." Carbon 178 (June 2021): 803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2021.02.096.

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Zradziński, Patryk, Jolanta Karpowicz, Krzysztof Gryz, and Victoria Ramos. "Evaluation of SAR in Human Body Models Exposed to EMF at 865 MHz Emitted from UHF RFID Fixed Readers Working in the Internet of Things (IoT) System." Engineering Proceedings 2, no. 1 (November 14, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08240.

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The aim of this ongoing study was to evaluate the specific energy absorption rate (SAR) values in the body of a person present near-fixed readers of ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) passive tags incorporated in real-time locating systems (RTLS), operating at a frequency range of 865–868 MHz, considering various exposure scenarios. The modelled electromagnetic field (EMF) source was a rectangular microstrip antenna designed at resonance frequency in free space at 865 MHz. The SAR values in the body exposed to EMF 5 cm away from the UHF RFID readers need consideration with respect to general public exposure limits, when the radiated power exceeds 8 W.

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Periyasamy, M., and R. Dhanasekaran. "IMPLEMENTATION OF RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION DEVICES IN 0.3 TESLA MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 26, no. 06 (December 2014): 1450069. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237214500690.

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The aim of this work was to assess two issues concerning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including device functionality and image artifacts for the presence of ultra high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) devices in connection with 0.3 Tesla at 12.7 MHz MRI and computed tomography (CT) scanning. A total of 15 samples of RFID tags with two dissimilar sizes (wristband and ID card types) were tested. The tags were exposed to a several numbers of MR-imaging conditions during MRI examination and X-rays of CT scan. During the test, the tags were oriented in three different directions (axial, coronal and sagittal) pertaining to MRI system in order to encompass all possible situations with respect to the patient undergoing MRI and CT scanning, wearing a RFID tag on wrist. In addition to the device functionality test and imaging artifacts, we also analyzed the reading performance of the RFID reader considering significant factors in MRI scan area. We observed that the tags did not experience physical damage with its functionality remained unchanged even after MRI and CT scanning, and there was no modification in previously stored data as well. In addition, no evidence of artifact was observed in the acquired MR and CT images. Therefore, we can conclude that the use of passive UHF RFID tag is safe for a patient undergoing MRI at 0.3 T/12.7 MHz and CT scanning. However, the reading performance of the RFID reader got affected depending on whether the MRI machine was on or off and also by the angle of the reader antenna.

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Li, Yan Song, and Dong Wang. "UHF RFID Localization Based on Phase Map." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 1463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.1463.

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The Internet of Things (or IoT for short) [1] refers to uniquely identifiable objects and their virtual representations in an Internet-like structure. Nowadays, the IoT has become to the National Strategic. The basic technology of IoT is growing fast. A comprehensive real-time location system that used to tracking object in time is becoming more and more important. In this paper, a new RFID localization with passive UHF RFID-tags is presented. It is shown how persons of devices that are equipped with a RFID tag and can be tracked. The method is based on fingerprint and phase. We will find the position of the target object by two steps. First, we will calculate the first-order sub-region using SVM algorithm. Then using Dempster-Shafer theory with phase in different frequency will give us a more accurate position.

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Shamsfakhr, Farhad, Andrea Motroni, Luigi Palopoli, Alice Buffi, Paolo Nepa, and Daniele Fontanelli. "Robot Localisation Using UHF-RFID Tags: A Kalman Smoother Approach †." Sensors 21, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030717.

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Autonomous vehicles enable the development of smart warehouses and smart factories with an increased visibility, flexibility and efficiency. Thus, effective and affordable localisation methods for indoor vehicles are attracting interest to implement real-time applications. This paper presents an Extended Kalman Smoother design to both localise a mobile agent and reconstruct its entire trajectory through a sensor-fusion employing the UHF-RFID passive technology. Extensive simulations are carried out by considering the smoother optimal-window length and the effect of missing measurements from reference tags. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted for different vehicle trajectories and for different linear and angular velocities to evaluate the method accuracy. Then, an experimental analysis with a unicycle wheeled robot is performed in real indoor scenario, showing a position and orientation root mean square errors of 15 cm, and 0.2 rad, respectively.

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Hussain, Muhammad, Yasar Amin, and Kyung-Geun Lee. "A Compact and Flexible UHF RFID Tag Antenna for Massive IoT Devices in 5G System." Sensors 20, no. 19 (October 8, 2020): 5713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195713.

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Upcoming 5th-generation (5G) systems incorporate physical objects (referred to as things), which sense the presence of components such as gears, gadgets, and sensors. They may transmit many kinds of states in the smart city context, such as new deals at malls, safe distances on roads, patient heart rhythms (especially in hospitals), and logistic control at aerodromes and seaports around the world. These serve to form the so-called future internet of things (IoT). From this futuristic perspective, everything should have its own identity. In this context, radio frequency identification (RFID) plays a specific role, which provides wireless communications in a secure manner. Passive RFID tags carry out work using the energy harvested among massive systems. RFID has been habitually realized as a prerequisite for IoT, the combination of which is called IoT RFID (I-RFID). For the current scenario, such tags should be productive, low-profile, compact, easily mountable, and have eco-friendly features. The presently available tags are not cost-effective and have not been proven as green tags for environmentally friendly IoT in 5G systems nor are they suitable for long-range communications in 5G systems. The proposed I-RFID tag uses the meandering angle technique (MAT) to construct a design that satisfies the features of a lower-cost printed antenna over the worldwide UHF RFID band standard (860–960 MHz). In our research, tag MAT antennas are fabricated on paper-based Korsnäs by screen- and flexo-printing, which have lowest simulated effective outcomes with dielectric variation due to humidity and have a plausible read range (RR) for European (EU; 866–868 MHz) and North American (NA; 902–928 MHz) UHF band standards. The I-RFID tag size is reduced by 36% to 38% w.r.t. a previously published case, the tag gain has been improved by 23.6% to 33.12%, and its read range has been enhanced by 50.9% and 59.6% for EU and NA UHF bands, respectively. It provides impressive performance on some platforms (e.g., plastic, paper, and glass), thereby providing a new state-of-the-art I-RFID tag with better qualities in 5G systems.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Passive UHF RFID tags'

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