Relevant bibliographies by topics / Passive voice

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Passive voice'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Passive voice"

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Simanjuntak, Herlina Lindaria. "The Translation of English Passive Voice into Indonesian." TEKNOSASTIK 17, no. 1 (April 6, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33365/ts.v17i1.231.

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English and Indonesian have different grammatical patterns and cultural values. That is why, many problems that students studying translation subject have to face. One of them is how to translate English Passive Voice into Indonesian. That is the reason the writer aims to do the research. The research is to describe the translation of English passive voice into Indonesian by analyzing two novels, which are Kristan Higgins’ Waiting on You and its translation Nina Andiana’s Penantian Terpanjang. This research uses qualitative method. The writer collected, identified, the data concerning with the translation of English passive voice. The results of the research shows that there are two categories of translating English passive voice into Indonesian, namely English passive voice can be translated both into Indonesian passive voice and English passive voice can be translated into Indonesian active voice. English passive voice is translated into Indonesian passive voice by using prefixes di- and ter-, meanwhile English passive voice is translated into Indonesian active voice by using prefixes me-, men-, and ber-. From forty one data which are identified there are 32 data (78.04%) of English passive voices translated into Indonesian passive voices and 9 data (21.96%) of English passive voices translated into Indonesian active voices.
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El-Yasin, Mohammed K. "The Passive Voice." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 42, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.42.1.03ely.

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ABSTRACT This paper starts by discussing the importance of word order in translation. As an example, the passive-active relation is given to illustrate the importance of word order. It is shown that the word order in this case is an integral part of the meaning in the wider sense of meaning. This relation, moreover, is discussed in Arabic and English which do not exhibit parallel behavior. The mismatches between the two languages necessitate structural adjustments in translation if natural equivalence is to be achieved. It is noticed that Arabic tends to use less passive than English and, furthermore, does not have a natural method of expressing the agent in a passive sentence. However, an active construction (namely, the topic-comment construction) allows for a word order in which the effect of the English passive word order is achieved without having to use the passive in Arabic. Therefore, an English x is done by  is rendered as x,  does it in Arabic where it is a resumptive pronoun referring to x . Here, the x-y order is maintained and the passive is avoided in Arabic where it is rather unnatural. The agent is expressed as the subject of the comment which is an active sentence that naturally allows the agent to be explicitly stated. In this position, it follows the patient which is the desired order that reflect the original English order. A standard procedure for translating English passives into Arabic is proposed as a conclusion to the present study. RÉSUMÉ Le présent article étudie en premier lieu l'importance de la séquence des mots dans une traduction. En guise d'exemple, l'auteur cite la relation voix passive - voix active pour illustrer l'importance de la séquence des mots. Il démontre que dans ce cas-ci, la séquence des mots fait intégralement partie de la signification. De plus, cette relation est abordée pour l'arabe et pour l'anglais, deux langues dont le comportement n'est pas parallèle. Si le traducteur veut obtenir une équivalence naturelle, ces comportements divergents devront être ajustés au niveau de la structure. On remarquera que l'arabe utilise moins souvent la voix passive que l'anglais et que de plus cette langue ne dispose pas d'une méthode naturelle permettant d'exprimer l'agent dans une phrase passive. Cependant, une construction active (à savoir le commentaire d'un sujet) permet d'obtenir une séquence de mots reproduisant l'effet de la séquence passive anglaise sans obligation d'avoir recours à la voix passive en arabe. Dès lors, la construction anglaise x is done by y sera rendue par la construction arabe x, y does it dans laquelle it est le pronom remplaçant x. Dans ce cas-ci, la séquence x-y est maintenue et le passifest évité en arabe où il est ressenti comme une construction un peu artificielle. L'agent est exprimé comme sujet du commentaire, ce qui donne une phrase active permettant de mentionner explicitement l'agent. Positionné ainsi, l'agent suit le patient et on obtient l'ordre souhaité qui reflète la séquence d'origine en anglais. Pour conclure son article, l'auteur nous propose une procédure standard permettant de traduire les phrases passives anglaises en arabe.
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Perlman, Alan M. "Passive voice." Nature 382, no. 6587 (July 1996): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/382108b0.

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Alencar, Leonel Figueiredo de. "A Passiva em português como construção predicativa adjetival: evidência morfológica e implementação computacional em LFG/XLE (Passive as adjective predicative construction in portuguese: morphological evidence and implementation in LFG/XLE)." Estudos da Língua(gem) 13, no. 2 (December 30, 2015): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22481/el.v13i2.1300.

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Gramáticas tradicionais do português tratam a passiva como voz, incluindo-a no quadro da conjugação verbal. Neste artigo, discutimos os argumentos de Perini (2010) de que não há voz passiva em português e relacionamos essa proposta com a abordagem da POLFIE, uma gramática do polonês desenvolvida no quadro da LFG e implementada no sistema XLE. Conforme essa gramática, a passiva é uma construção predicativa adjetival. Apresentamos uma evidência adicional, de natureza morfológica, do estatuto adjetival do particípio passivo em português e implementamos essa análise na BrGram, uma gramática do português do Brasil nos moldes da POLFIE. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Voz Passiva. Gramática Léxico- Funcional. Linguística Computacional. Parsing Sintático. Sufixos Avaliativos. ABSTRACTTraditional grammars of Portuguese handle the passive construction as a voice phenomenon which is part of the verbal conjugation. In this paper, we discuss the claim by Perini (2010) that there is no passive voice in Portuguese. We compare this approach to the one of POLFIE. This is a computational grammar of Polish which was developed within the framework of LFG and implemented in XLE. In this grammar, the passive construction is an adjective predicative construction. We present additional morphological evidence on the adjectival status of the passive participle in Portuguese and implement this analysis in BrGram, a computational grammar of Brazilian Portuguese that is analogous to POLFIE. KEYWORDS: Passive Voice. Lexical-Functional Grammar. Computational Linguistics. Syntactic Parsing. Evaluative Suffixes.
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ALEXIADOU, ARTEMIS, and EDIT DORON. "The syntactic construction of two non-active Voices: Passive and middle." Journal of Linguistics 48, no. 1 (December 14, 2011): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226711000338.

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The paper offers a theoretical characterization of the middle Voice as distinct from the passive Voice, and addresses the cross-linguistic morphological variation in realizing these two non-active Voices in different classes of languages, represented by Hebrew, Greek and English. The two non-active Voices are the morphological realization of two distinct syntactic Voice heads generating middle and passive clauses respectively. The former are cross-linguistically interpreted as (i) anticausative, (ii) reflexive (and reciprocal), (iii) dispositional middle, and (iv) medio-passive, which is distinct from passive. This variation in the interpretation of the middle Voice reflects different properties of the root rather than the application of four different lexical rules postulated by lexicalist theories.
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Jasim, Ruqaya Mahmood. "The passive As a grammatical phenomenon in four selected textbooks." Journal of the College of languages, no. 46 (June 1, 2022): 182–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2022.0.46.0182.

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The research work is "The passive voice as a grammatical phenomenon in four selected textbooks". The research deals with the grammatical phenomenon passive in German. The research consists of two parts, the theoretical and the empirical part. The present research work is divided into 3 sections: The first section includes the definition of passive, passive types, process passive, state passive, passive with modal verbs, and other types of passive. The second section provides illustrations of the four selected textbooks. The third chapter presents the passive voice in textbooks, namely German language teaching for foreigners by Dora Schulz and Heinz Griesbach, Delfin von Aufderstrasse H. and others, Em von Balme, M. and others and Studio D by Funk, H. and others. Then I go to the conclusion. Die Forschungsarbeit lautet ,, Das Passiv als grammatisches Phӓnomen in vier ausgewӓhlten Lehrwerken,,. Die Forschung beschäftigt sich mit dem grammatischen Phӓnomen Passiv im Deutschen. Die Forschung wird aus zwei Teile bestanden, theorethischer und empirischer Teil. Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit wird in 3 Abschnitte eingeteilt: Der erste Abschnitt schließt die Definiton des Passivs, Passivarten, Vorgangspassiv, Zustandspassiv, Passiv mit Modalverben, und andere Arten von Passiv ein. Der zweite Abschnitt stellt Abbildungen der vier ausgewählten Lehrwerken. Das dritte Kapitel stellt das Passiv in Lehrwerken, nämlich Deutsche Sprachlehre für Ausländer von Dora Schulz und Heinz Griesbach, Delfin von Aufderstraße H. Und Andere, Em von Balme, M. und Andere und Studio D von Funk, H. und Andere. Anschließend gehe ich auf Schlussfolgerung ein.
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Chan, Eugene Y., and Sam J. Maglio. "The Voice of Cognition: Active and Passive Voice Influence Distance and Construal." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 46, no. 4 (August 8, 2019): 547–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167219867784.

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English passages can be in either the active or passive voice. Relative to the active voice, the passive voice provides a sense of objectivity regarding the events being described. This leads to our hypothesis that passages in the passive voice can increase readers’ psychological distance from the content of the passage, triggering an abstract construal. In five studies with American, Australian, British, and Canadian participants, we find evidence for our propositions, with both paragraphs and sentences in the passive voice increasing readers’ felt temporal, hypothetical, and spatial distance from activities described in the text, which increases their abstraction in a manner that generalizes to unrelated tasks. As such, prose colors how people process information, with the active and passive voice influencing the reader in ways beyond what is stated in the written word.
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Fields, Kenneth. "The Passive Voice." Chicago Review 47, no. 2 (2001): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25304733.

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Derbyshire, Desmond C., and Masayoshi Shibatani. "Passive and Voice." Language 67, no. 1 (March 1991): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415547.

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Qamili, Shpresë. "Passive Voice Transformation." e-Journal of Linguistics 13, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/e-jl.2019.v13.i02.p01.

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It is well known that the differences between the languages and the different levels of relationship between them and the use of the English passive voice in Albanian language are complex achievements of hypotheses given by language thinkers, because the language first of all is a process and processes change from time to time as a result of new language achievements and transformations and as a result of changes in people's worldview. The English and Albanian passive voice do not have a single grammatical structure and that this should be related to numerous legalities that follow the languages in their internal and external development. The studies carried out in terms of linguistic features, even of the passive voice according to the comparative method, have opened new paths to see similarities and differences even in the passive voice structure. This study is intended to give our modest contribution to notice the similarities and differences in the use of the passive voice as well as its structure in both languages. This contrastive analysis tries to facilitate the acquisition of English as a foreign language for students, pupils, to make the translation from English into Albanian and vice versa easier, to provide linguistic information to language researchers. The comparison is supported by the following English novels and their translated versions in Albanian such as: “Oliver Twist” by Charles Dickens and translated by Skënder Luarasi and “Silas Marner” by George Eliot and translated by Ramazan Hysa, where similar as well as different features have been found.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Passive voice"

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Watson, Rose E. (Rose Elliott). "Active or Passive Voice: Does It Matter?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501082/.

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This thesis reports on the use of active and passive voice in the workplace and classroom through analysis of surveys completed by 37 employees and 66 students. The surveys offered six categories of business writing with ten sets of two sentences each, written in active and passive voice. Participants selected one sentence from each set and gave a reason for each selection. The participants preferred active over passive 47 to 46 percent of opportunities, but they preferred mixed voice over both, 49 percent. The participants preferred active only for memos to supervisors; in the other five categories they preferred passive or mixed voice. Both males and females preferred mixed voice, and age appeared to influence the choices. They cited context as the most common reason for using passive.
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Jung, Woo-Hyun. "A grammatical and pragmatic analysis of English passives in second language acquisition." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1019482.

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This dissertation has two main purposes: (a) to provide a contrastive analysis and theoretical background of the passive in English and Korean; (b) to investigate how Korean learners of English use the English passive in terms of forms, meanings, and functions.One major claim in this dissertation is that the passive is best accounted for by the notion of role prominence in both English and Korean. In addition, a significant difference is revealed in emotional (affective) functions of the passive in English and Korean, showing that the emotional function prevails in Korean far more than in English.After the discussion of theoretical background, Korean learners' actual use of the English passive is analyzed. The specific analysis of grammatical errors shows that Korean learners make local errors (errors significantly inhibiting communication) more than global errors (errors not significantly inhibiting communication). Pragmatic errors are divided largely into discourse functional errors (violation of role prominence, abrupt topic shift, and violation of defocusing) and affective functional errors. The results show that affective functional errors outnumber discourse functional errors. These results are accounted for in terms of not only language transfer and but also a socio-cultural factor, prestige of a passive sentence with respect to an active sentence. Of particular interest is the existence of a hierarchy of acceptability in pragmatic errors. Analysis of medio-passive errors suggests that the native language forms greatly affect the learners' target language forms.This dissertation plays particular attention to the pragmatic aspects of the passive, both theoretical and practical. It is argued that the learners' use of the passive in accordance with pragmatic principles will enhance cohesive writing, facilitating communication.Generally speaking, this dissertation contributes to several important areas of study in second language acquisition, including error analysis and contrastive analysis in terms of grammar and pragmatics. A major significance of this dissertation is its demonstration of the importance of pragmatics in understanding the acqusition of grammar.
Department of English
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Wang, Jianhong. "A corpus-based functional analysis of the bei-construction in Chinese written discourse : a study with special reference to the be-passive in English." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1317921.

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Rocha, Fernando Martins. "As vozes verbais na gramática normativa: aspectos problemáticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-15042014-094816/.

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Esta pesquisa investiga alguns aspectos das vozes verbais nas gramáticas normativas de língua portuguesa. Alguns conceitos como o de voz passiva e de partícula apassivadora são objeto de discussão por parte de diferentes autores da gramaticografia de língua portuguesa que tem adotado pontos de vista distintos e até antagônicos sobre cada um destes aspectos. Este trabalho também busca demonstrar que a gramática normativa de língua portuguesa atual não renovou a sua teoria sobre as vozes verbais, que remonta a Dionísio o Trácio com seu manual escrito há mais de dois mil anos atrás, e que necessita, deste modo, identificar as fragilidades de sua teoria e renová-la com o instrumental teórico de que dispõe as modernas correntes da linguística.
This research investigates some aspects of the verbal voices in the normative grammar of portuguese language. Some concepts like passive voice and the clitic SE are discussed by many authors in the portuguese language gramaticography that have adopted different and opposite points of view about each one of these aspects. This work also intends to demonstrate that the normative grammar of portuguese language nowadays did not renew its theory about verbal voices, which remonts to Dionísio of Trácia with his manual which was written two thousand years ago, and it needs identify the fragilities of normative grammar theory and needs to renew it with the theorical instrumental available in the modern linguistics currents.
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HAWAD, HELENA FERES. "THEME, SUBJECT AND AGENT: PORTUGUESE PASSIVE VOICE IN SISTEMICFUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2002. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=3560@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Este trabalho tem por objeto as estruturas gramaticais portuguesas tradicionalmente denominadas voz passiva analítica e voz passiva sintética (ou pronominal). No quadro da abordagem sistêmico-funcional, são analisadas as semelhanças e diferenças semânticas entre elas, tendo por base seu emprego em textos. O exame de ocorrências dessas estruturas em diferentes gêneros de textos jornalísticos - notícias, editoriais e artigos - revela diferenças de distribuição, com a quase inexistência de voz passiva sintética nas notícias. Partindo desse fato como uma evidência da não-equivalência funcional entre as duas estruturas, estuda-se o significado das ocorrências em contexto, visando a identificar a contribuição específica de cada tipo de estrutura para a realização dos significados do texto. O significado de cada estrutura é, assim, analisado em seus componentes textual, ideacional e interpessoal. No domíno textual, a voz passiva analítica, que se caracteriza pela conversão do participante paciente em Sujeito e, portanto, em Tema não-marcado, funciona primordialmente como um recurso para facilitar o posicionamento de informação dada antes de informação nova, na ordem dos constituintes oracionais. A voz passiva sintética, por sua vez, não apresenta essa propriedade de tematizar um participante, já que, na ordem não-marcada, é o Processo que ocupa a primeira posição oracional nessa estrutura. Na maioria das ocorrências de voz passiva sintética, o constituinte que seria o Sujeito da oração correspondente em voz passiva analítica representa informação nova. Sendo assim, as duas estruturas estudadas contribuem de modos diferentes para a organização do fluxo informacional do texto. No domínio ideacional, há, por um lado, uma diferença na distribuição dos tipos de processo entre as estruturas. A voz passiva sintética presta-se melhor à representação de processos mentais que a voz passiva analítica. Por outro lado, porém, é no âmbito ideacional que as duas estruturas apresentam um traço comum de significado, visto que ambas servem à representação de um processo sem a identificação do Agente. Finalmente, no domínio interpessoal, as estruturas se distinguem pelo fato de que a voz passiva sintética apresenta Sujeito indeterminado, ao contrário da voz passiva analítica. O Sujeito indeterminado, caracterizado pela indefinição máxima da categoria de pessoa, possibilita diferentes efeitos de sentido no que se refere ao envolvimento tanto do autor, quanto do leitor. Propõe-se, desse modo, uma caracterização da voz passiva analítica e da voz passiva sintética em termos de traços semânticos, na forma de um sistema de três parâmetros binários, correspondentes às três metafunções sistêmico-funcionais. Essa análise do significado em traços independentes permite compreender melhor a especificidade do potencial semântico de cada estrutura, bem como a funcionalidade de cada uma no discurso.
The object of this work are the Portuguese grammatical structures traditionally known as analytical passive voice and synthetic (or pronominal) passive voice. Considering their use in texts, the semantic similarities and differences between them are analysed within a systemic- functional framework. The study of these structures in different journalistic genres - reports, editorials and articles - reveals distributional differences, as synthetic passive voice nearly does not occur in reports. Taking this fact as evidence of the functional nonequivalence between the two structures, the work studies the meaning of their occurrences in context, in order to identify the specific contribution of each type of structure to the realization of the text meanings. The meaning of each structure is thus analysed in its textual, ideational and interpersonal components. In the textual domain, analytical passive voice, which is characterized by the conversion of the affected participant into Subject and, consequently, into unmarked Theme, functions primarily as a resource for placing given information before new information, in the order of clause constituents. Synthetic passive voice, on the contrary, does not bear this property of turning a participant into Theme, once it is the Process that occupies the clause first position in this structure. In most of the occurrences of synthetic passive voice, the constituent which would be the Subject of the correspondent clause in analytical passive voice represents new information. So, the two structures contribute in different ways to the organization of the informational flow of the text. In the ideational domain, there is, on the one hand, a difference in the distribution of process types between the structures. Synthetic passive voice is more suitable for the representation of mental processes than analytical passive voice. On the other hand, however, it is in the ideational component that the two structures share a semantic feature, as both of them allow representation of a process without identification of the Agent. Finally, in the interpersonal domain, the structures are distinguished by the fact that synthetic passive voice has indeterminate Subject, differently from analytical passive voice. Indeterminate Subject, characterized by a maximum indefiniteness of grammatical person, permits a variety of meaning effects concerning the author`s and the reader`s involvement. A characterization of analytical passive voice and synthetic passive voice is thus proposed in terms of semantic features, in a system of three binary parameters, correspondent to the three systemic- functional metafunctions. This analysis of meaning in independent features allows a better understanding of the specific semantic potential of each structure, as well as of the functionality of each one in discourse.
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Tabei, Keiko. "The meaning of passive sentences in Japanese." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/132971.

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It has often been noted that, in Japanese passive sentences, not only transitive but also intransitive verbs can occur. Since the time linguists first began to compare Japanese with other languages, they have tried to analyse the properties of Japanese passives. The linguists of the last two decades paid attention primarily to the syntax of Japanese passive sentences and divided them into two groups, on syntactic grounds, to explain their derivations. However, these classifications are not adequate when it comes to explaining the semantic differences between passive sentences, and there remains a considerable number of exceptions to their definitions. The purpose of this paper is to bring to light the confusions of the previous semantic and syntactic explanations and propose new definitions of the two passive groups. We shall also examine the meanings of passive sentences in real situations and attempt to pinpoint the basic purpose behind use of the passive construction in Japanese.
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Allan, Stu. "Passive be damned : the construction that wouldn't be beaten : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Linguistics at the University of Canterbury /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Languages, Cultures and Linguistics, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2265.

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This thesis brings together two different lines of research, the nature of passive voice, the nature of readability. Commonly, languages have a range of tools for detransitivisation, topicalisation, and impersonalisation, of which passivisation is one (Givón, 1981). Passives have important roles in our language, and prescribing against their use lacks a full understanding of these roles. Much of the concern around passives from writers, editors, and teachers is no more than folklore that has not clearly analysed various writing and reading problems. Many awkward sentences are not awkward because they use passives but because they are wordy, clumsy, or pretentious. Most criticisms have little basis in linguistic theory, and rarely is there more than passing mention of the important role that passives play in communication. Some uses of passives are inappropriate, being vague, ambiguous, or even deceitful. These inappropriate uses of passive voice give the construction a bad name. They have become ammunition for prescriptive grammarians to fire at all uses of passives, often with weak analysis and minimal reference to linguistic theory. ‘Avoid passives’ has become a mantra. I tentatively suggest that there is unlikely to be a cost to processing passives. Given the speed at which the brain processes clauses, any differences in readability (if they exist) must be miniscule. Consequently, I suggest that any differences are unimportant relative to the benefits that appropriately used passives bring to readability. Furthermore, appropriately used passives may actually improve readability, especially when there is greater interest in the passive subject than the active subject, and when the passive serves to connect clauses or sentences.
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Lima, Maria Claudete. "A nÃo-atribuiÃÃo de causalidade na CrÃnica Geral da Espanha de 1344." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3794.

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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico
Este trabalho visa caracterizar formal, semÃntica e pragmaticamente as construÃÃes passivas, mÃdias e impessoais, com o fim de elucidar a natureza da relaÃÃo entre estas construÃÃes, no portuguÃs arcaico, relaÃÃo essa observada em trabalhos, como os de Camacho (2002, 2003, 2006), para o portuguÃs atual. Parte do princÃpio de que o traÃo comum a essas construÃÃes à a nÃo-atribuiÃÃo de causalidade, e de que estas construÃÃes refletem diferentes conceitualizaÃÃes de um evento. Com base nesses princÃpios, analisa, numa abordagem cognitivo-funcional (GIVÃN, 1993, 1995, 2002, 2005; KEMMER, 1993; CAMACHO, 2002, 2003; HOPPER & THOMPSON, 1980; POTTIER, 1992; CROFT, 1994, 1998; LANGACKER, 1987, 1991; DELANCEY, 1987; TALMY, 1988, 2000; LAKOFF, 1977), a codificaÃÃo da funÃÃo nÃo-atribuiÃÃo de causalidade na CrÃnica Geral da Espanha de 1344, prosa histÃrica representante do portuguÃs arcaico, editada por Cintra (1951). Nessa anÃlise, busca respostas para os seguintes problemas: (a) dos recursos verbais disponÃveis, no corpus analisado, para a expressÃo da nÃo-atribuiÃÃo de causalidade, qual a mais e a menos prototÃpica? (b) que traÃos semÃntico-pragmÃticos e formais caracterizam as diferentes estratÃgias? A hipÃtese central considera que as construÃÃes analisadas codificam a nÃo-atribuiÃÃo da causalidade em variados graus, conforme fatores ligados à noÃÃo de causalidade e à transitividade, como a perspectivaÃÃo e a saliÃncia. Foram coletadas 1061 ocorrÃncias e analisadas quanto a fatores pragmÃticos, como a topicalidade e o estatuto informacional; fatores semÃnticos, como saliÃncia cognitiva do Afetado e do Causativo, traÃo [animado], tipo de afetaÃÃo; e fatores formais, como a ordem e a expressÃo. AlÃm disso, todas foram graduadas quanto ao grau de transitividade e de relevo discursivo. Os resultados apontaram que a mÃdia à a mais prototÃpica das construÃÃes de nÃo-atribuiÃÃo de causalidade, por ser a que apresenta causativo menos saliente e menor grau de transitividade. A passiva, mais freqÃente no corpus e, muitas vezes, com Causativo omitido, caracterizou-se como menos prototÃpica por seu Causativo ser freqÃentemente evocado e apresentar maior grau de transitividade. Do mesmo modo, a impessoal, cujo causativo à freqÃentemente inferÃvel, manifestou-se como mais causativa e mais transitiva que a mÃdia, todavia menos que a passiva. A anÃlise demonstrou, enfim, que o fenÃmeno da nÃo-atribuiÃÃo de causalidade nÃo à um fenÃmeno isolado, limitado à manifestaÃÃo ou nÃo de um Agente. Submete-se a graus e acha-se ligado, especialmente, ao contorno tÃmporo-aspectual do evento. Devido à noÃÃo experiencial de causalidade, ligada à idÃia de movimento, eventos perfectivos sÃo mais causais que eventos imperfectivos.
This work aims to characterize formally, semantically and pragmatically the passive, middle and impersonal constructions, in order to elucidate the nature of relation between these constructions in a archaic Portuguese, a relation observed in researches, such as those of Camacho (2002, 2003, 2006), in modern Portuguese. The present research, thus, claims that the common feature of these constructions is the non-attribution of causality, and that they represent different event conceptualizations. Based on principles, founded on a cognitive-functional approach (GIVÃN, 1993, 1995, 2002, 2005; KEMMER, 1993; CAMACHO, 2002, 2003, 2006; HOPPER & THOMPSON, 1980; POTTIER, 1992; CROFT, 1994, 1998; LANGACKER, 1987, 1991; DELANCEY, 1987; TALMY, 1988, 2000; LAKOFF, 1977), the codification of the non-attribution of causality is analyzed in CrÃnica Geral de Espanha de 1344, a representative historical text in archaic Portuguese, edited by Cintra (1951). In this analysis, answers are sought for the following questions: (a) in the analyzed corpus, which is the most and the least prototypical verbal recourses available for the expression of the non-attribution of causality? (b) which semantic, pragmatical and formal features characterize the different strategies used for expressing the non-attribution of causality? The central hypothesis considers that analyzed constructions codify the non-attribution of causality at various degrees, according to aspects related to the causality notion, such as perspectivization and salience. A large number of occurrences (1061, in total) were collected and analyzed from the perspective of pragmatical aspects such as topicality and informational status; semantic aspects, such as cognitive salience of Affected and of Causative, animacy, affectation type; and formal aspects, such as order and expression. Moreover, all of such occurrences were graduated regarding the transitivity degree and the Grounding. The results indicate that middle construction is the most prototypical of the non-attribution of causality constructions, because it presents less salient causative and is posited in the least degree of transitivity. Passive, most frequent in the corpus and, often, with omitted causative, was characterized as the least prototypical construction because its causative is commonly evoked and it presents a higher degree of transitivity. Impersonal construction, whose causative is frequently inferable, was characterized as more causative and more transitive than the middle construction, however, less than passive. Therefore, the analyses demonstrated that non-attribution of causality is not an isolated phenomenon, limited to the manifestation of an Agent. It is subject to degrees of escalarization which is attached to temporal and aspectual event contours. Because of experiential notion of causality, linked to the idea movement, perfective events are more causal than imperfective ones.
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9

Rhodes, Susan. "The active and passive voice are equally comprehensible in scientific writing /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9033.

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Porter, Kelly L. "The frequency and function of passive voice use in nurses' notes /." Electronic version (PDF), 2005. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2005/porterk/kellyporter.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Passive voice"

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Shibatani, Masayoshi, ed. Passive and Voice. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.16.

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Masayoshi, Shibatani, ed. Passive and voice. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co., 1988.

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Liu, Bi Lu. Subjunctive mood and passive voice. Hong Kong: Joint Publishing, 1992.

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Ruiz, Ricardo Navas. Ser y estar: La voz pasiva. 2nd ed. Salamanca: Publicacionesdel Colegio de Espan a, 1989.

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Das Passiv und der mediale Gebrauch passiver Formen im Obugrischen. München: L. & E. Schiefer, 1985.

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Ruiz, Ricardo Navas. Ser y estar: Verbos atributivos : la voz pasiva. 3rd ed. Salamanca [Spain]: Colegio de España, 2002.

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Ruiz, Ricardo Navas. Ser y estar: El sistema atributivo del espan ol. 3rd ed. Salamanca: Publicaciones del Colegio de Espan a, 1986.

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Kulonen, Ulla-Maija. The passive in Ob-Ugrian. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, 1989.

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Åfarli, Tor A. The syntax of Norwegian passive constructions. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co., 1992.

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Gaudigs, Renate. Das bekommen/kriegen/erhalten-Passiv im Deutschen. [S.n: s.l., 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Passive voice"

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England, Nora C. "Mam voice." In Passive and Voice, 525. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.16.17eng.

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Kline, Richard A. "Passive participles and passive voice." In The Fundamentals of Lebanese Grammar, 139–45. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003292418-19.

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Comrie, Bernard. "Passive and voice." In Passive and Voice, 9. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.16.04com.

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Purwo, Bambang Kaswanti. "Voice in Indonesian." In Passive and Voice, 195. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.16.08pur.

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Shibatani, Masayoshi. "Introduction." In Passive and Voice, 1. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.16.03shi.

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Klaiman, M. H. "Affectedness and control." In Passive and Voice, 25. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.16.05kla.

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Shibatani, Masayoshi. "Voice in Philippine languages." In Passive and Voice, 85. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.16.06shi.

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De Wolf, Charles M. "Voice in Austronesian languages of Philippine type." In Passive and Voice, 143. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.16.07wol.

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Siewierska, Anna. "The passive in Slavic." In Passive and Voice, 243. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.16.09sie.

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Dezső, László. "Passiveness in Hungarian." In Passive and Voice, 291. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.16.10dez.

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Conference papers on the topic "Passive voice"

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Kamsinah, Kamsinah, Muhammad Darwis, Ainun Fatimah, and Muhammad Ali Imran. "Argument Structure in Indonesian Passive Voice." In International Congress of Indonesian Linguistics Society (KIMLI 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211226.066.

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Schlenter, Judith, Yulia Esaulova, Elyesa Seidel, and Martina Penke. "Planning of active and passive voice in German." In 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2020/11/0043/000458.

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This eye-tracking experiment investigated how morphological case affects German speakers’ descriptions of transitive events, specifically whether explicit case marking modulates speakers’ structural choices. To increase the production of non-canonical structures (passive, patient-initial active), we primed patients in event scenes with a red dot. Subject and object case in German are unambiguously marked on masculine nouns but not on feminine nouns. If explicit case marking requires more structural planning, we should find an effect of gender. For feminine nouns, speakers may start with the cued patient and continue with a passive or a patient-initial active sentence. However, analyses of syntactic choice, speech onset times and eye gaze revealed that gender and thus case marking had no effect on sentence planning
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Chen, Cheng-Yi, George T. C. Chiu, Huei Peng, and Chi-Cheng Cheng. "Passive Voice Coil Feedback Control of Closed-Box Subwoofer Systems." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0409.

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Abstract In this paper, the feasibility of using voice coil back-emf signal as feedback information for closed loop control was investigated. A dual voice coil closed-box subwoofer system is use to demonstrate the effectiveness of back-emf feedback control. A second order filter is developed to extract the velocity information from the coil back-emf signal. A PD controller is well suited for reducing the harmonic distortion and extending the subwoofer bass response. Experimental results verified that the proposed control scheme effectively extended the bass response of the subwoofer system by one octave and at the same time reduced harmonic distortion by more than 6 dB. The proposed feedback and control scheme can be easily implemented using inexpensive analog components, which can further reduce the cost and complexity of the system.
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Kusuma, Invandri. "Passive and Antipassive Voice Ergative Type of Nusantara Language." In Fourth Prasasti International Seminar on Linguistics (Prasasti 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/prasasti-18.2018.27.

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Trajkovska, Vesna. "AUTHENTIC TEXTS AS A RESOURCE FOR DESIGNING PASSIVE VOICE EXERCISES FOR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.3.6.22.p03.

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The paper deals with the matter of teaching passive voice to students of English for law enforcement based on its use in authentic texts in this field which were originally written in English. It addresses the importance of authentic texts when designing English language classroom activities, and the opportunities they provide for extracting written material used in authentic context, for the purposes of language instruction. The variety of ways in which authentic texts can be used in teaching English for law enforcement are illustrated with practical ideas for specific classroom exercises. These exercises are designed to help learners improve their knowledge on the use of passive voice based on examples derived from contexts relevant to law enforcement. The aim of the paper is to show that authentic materials can serve for a didactic purpose and help learners improve their grammar skills coupled with the acquisition of subject field knowledge. Key words: English for law enforcement, authentic texts, teaching, passive voice, classroom exercises
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Imambayeva, Gaysha. "The study of passive voice in Kazakh and Russian Languages." In The Annual International Conference on Cognitive - Social, and Behavioural Sciences (icCSBs 2014). Cognitive-crcs, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2014.05.18.

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Femmer, Henning, Jan Kučera, and Antonio Vetrò. "On the impact of passive voice requirements on domain modelling." In the 8th ACM/IEEE International Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2652524.2652554.

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Rotko, Olga, and Anna Danilova. "THE PASSIVE VOICE: CHALLENGES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING." In 15th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2023.2203.

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Liu, Zhiying, and Yaohong Jin. "The research of passive voice in Chinese-English patent machine translation." In 2011 7th International Conference on Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Engineering (NLPKE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nlpke.2011.6138213.

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Proctor, Karl, Lee Skrypchuk, Daniel Clifton, and Mutlu Isik. "Methods to Promote Increased Usage of Voice Interaction in a Vehicle." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001685.

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As in-vehicle infotainment systems become increasingly complex, and as manufacturers increasingly move functions and features into the in-vehicle screen, interacting with these systems is resulting in increased demand, eyes-off-the-road time, and task completion time. To combat this complexity, some manufacturers have incorporated voice assistants into their vehicles, allowing drivers to speak to their vehicles to perform tasks rather than use touch. However, these assistants currently offer a limited feature set, and are generally passive, requiring manual activation. Here we outline early, but on-going work looking at techniques that can be used to nudge users towards using voice. Participants were presented with 6 prototype in-vehicle infotainment systems (IVIS), which varied in terms of how they nudged participants towards using voice and asked to perform a series of representative in-vehicle tasks. Data shows the most effective method for nudging was automatic activation of the voice assistant when opening the appropriate app, with participants using voice 60% of the time.
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Reports on the topic "Passive voice"

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ARUTYUNYAN, D. D. GRAMMAR ANALYSIS AS A MEANS OF NOTIONAL FUNDAMENTALS CREATION. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-14-1-3-43-50.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the Passive Voice to search for the learners’ language mistakes. Analysis of the Passive Voice definition, given by different linguist, is performed. The causes of notional difficulties, the ways of notional fundamentals creation for the learners of English are presented.
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Bailey, Audrey. The Effect of Extended Instruction on Passive Voice, Reduced Relative Clauses, and Modal Would in the Academic Writing of Advanced English Language Learners. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3194.

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Lebedenko, Nataliia. FUNCTIONS OF PAUSES IN A BROADCAST TEXT (CASE OF A RADIO ESSAY “FOR THOSE WHO ARE NOT SLEEPING”). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12148.

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The article explores the importance of pauses in radio broadcasts, specifically in one of 25 radio essays titled “For Those Who Are Not Sleeping” by Yurii Andrukhovych, which opened the project called “Air passion. Radio essays voiced by modern actors” on Kultura radio. The peculiarities of the radio essay intonation have been chosen as the object of the research. The goal of the article is to identify the functions of pauses in the radio essay voiced by its author. To study pauses in the radio essay, the methods of observation (when listening to the radio essay), analysis (when analyzing the functions of pauses in the spoken text), and description (when outlining the role of pauses in the radio text) were used. The research reveals that pauses in spoken texts, particularly in radio essays, are an essential element that contributes to their structure, logic, and expressiveness. Sometimes, pauses also serve as a specific tool for the author. The study shows that pauses are not just a stop in the spoken flow, but an important element that informs the listener about the meaning of what is spoken. The research also highlights the national features of the Ukrainian language in the “For Those Who Are Not Sleeping” radio essay. The pauses in the essay perform several functions, such as making the text more structured by abstracts, sentences, and semantic centers, providing space for reproduction of internoises, identifying logical stresses and varying the speech rate, attracting listeners’ attention, and encouraging them to reflect and act. Future research should focus on studying pauses in journalistic texts of various genres. This will help expand available knowledge and assist future journalists in developing proper text intonation skills. Key words: pause, radio, radio essay, intonation.
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