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Journal articles on the topic 'Pasto language'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Vagnone, Gustavo. "Le scene tipiche del pasto e del sonno in Omero." Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica 26, no. 2 (1987): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20538986.

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2

Pellegrino, Matteo. "Il pasto del guerriero: ancora su Aristofane, Acarnesi 1097-1142." Euphrosyne 45 (January 2017): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.euphr.5.125180.

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Burgio, Lucia, Dana Melchar, and Monica Katz. "Lacquer in the Americas: Building Bridges." Heritage 8, no. 3 (2025): 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8030092.

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This Special Issue brings the Indigenous American lacquer community together, building bridges and overcoming the existing geographical and language obstacles. With dual-language (English and Spanish) articles focusing on barniz de Pasto and mopa mopa, Mexican lacquer (or maque) and cumatê, this collection includes contributions covering a number of disciplines. This volume is a ‘go-to’ research resource encompassing scientific and historical reviews, case studies, articles focusing on sociological and anthropological perspectives, and on cross-cultural contact and exchanges between Asia, Euro

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Guerrero, Mario. "Motivation in Second Language Learning: A Historical Overview and Its Relevance in a Public High School in Pasto, Colombia." HOW 22, no. 1 (2015): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.19183/how.22.1.135.

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Martínez Patiño, Andrés Felipe, Robert David Izquierdo Chañag, David Samir Martínez Ortega, Estefany Carolina López Rodríguez, and María Fernanda Figueroa Peña. "Ansiedad lingüística en el aprendizaje del inglés como lengua extranjera." Informes Psicológicos 24, no. 2 (2024): 149–62. https://doi.org/10.18566/infpsic.v24n2a09.

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Este estudio presenta los resultados de la aplicación de la escala de ansiedad lingüística Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) en dos universidades en Pasto, Colombia, cuyo objetivo fue determinar diferencias significativas en los resultados de ambas instituciones. Con un enfoque metodológico cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo-comparativo y con una muestra de 200 estudiantes, los hallazgos revelaron que se encontraron diferencias a destacar en relación con la variable sexo, así como en la variable tipo de universidad, contrastando la pública y la privada. También la variable procede

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Ahmad, Aftab, and Najmul Hassan. "U-10 An analytical study of contemporary selected translations of the Holy Quran in Pashto Language of Ulma Khyber Pakhtunkhwa." Al-Aijaz Research Journal of Islamic Studies & Humanities 4, no. 2 (2020): 152–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.53575/u10.v4.02(20).152-168.

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Since Quran, being the words of Allah the almighty ,has been bestowed in Arabic Language, but his followers have different languages. Pukhtoon Society, who’s non-Arab converted to Islam and play their part in transferring themes of the Qur’an into their mother tongue Pahsto. Partial translations of the Qur’an were made as early as the first half of the 17th century AD in Pashto. It seems unlikely that Pathan had no contact with the Qur’an before this date. Keeping in view the importance of translation in Pashto language of the Holy Quran, it has attracted the attention of various scholars and

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Álvarez Santaló, León Carlos. "Una sorpresa de pasto devoto-imaginario en un supuesto tratado de oración: la Traça de un Oratorio, de Fr. Pedro Maldonado (1609)." Bulletin Hispanique 104, no. 2 (2002): 703–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/hispa.2002.5130.

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Ayesha Saddiqa. "The Role of Pashto (as L1) and Urdu (as L2) in English Language Learning." Linguistics and Literature Review 4, no. 1 (2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/llr.v4i1.273.

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Pashto is one of the dominant languages in the north of Pakistan. Its speakers prefer to communicate in L1with their peers in non-pashto speaking regions like Lahore, which is the capital city of Punjab, Pakistan. Along with Pashto, they communicate in Urdu (the national language) and English (the most prestigious academic language) for higher education, employment and business. With this background in mind, the current study investigates: (a) what are the common syntactic properties (sentence structure, aspect, preposition, article and mood) in Pashto, Urdu and English languages?, (b) What ar

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Manawi, Saeyd Kamal, Khairuddin Aslamyar, and Muhammad Yaqoob Seraj. "A Comparative Analysis of Passive Voice in Farsi and Pashto Languages." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 7, no. 5 (2024): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2024.7.5.3.

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Two prominent languages of the Indo-Iranian branch, Pashto and Persian, have different passive voice formulations that reflect their own grammatical structures and cultural backgrounds. This article analyzes the passive structure of the Pashto language. The Pashto language has a passive structure that shares many structural similarities with the Persian language. This study aimed to educate EFL learners, teachers, and interpreters in Afghanistan on how to effectively use English, Pashto, and Persian in learning and teaching. A qualitative study was undertaken to analyze the passive voice struc

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Kamzanov, D., and A. Yskaknabi. "WAYS TO CONVEY ASPECTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN THE ANCIENT TURKIC LANGUAGE." Scientific heritage, no. 90 (June 6, 2022): 86–88. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6616175.

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The article discusses the ways of transferring aspects of the English language in the ancient Turkic language. Each language has its own characteristics of time transmission that differ from each other. Although there are no aspects in the Turkic languages like in English, there are ways to convey aspects. Tenses in the Old Turkic language differ from modern Turkic languages. Examples were taken from the ancient Turkic inscriptions in the article.

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Ali, Khurshid, and Fatima Tuz Zahra. "Unstable Bilingualism between Hindko and Pashto in Hazar." CARC Research in Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (2024): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.58329/criss.v3i2.134.

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Hindko and Pashto languages belong to the Indo-European language family, belonging to subgroups Indo-Aryan and Indo-Iranian respectively. In North West Frontier Region Pashto and Hindko co-exist side by side, gaining numbers of bilingual speakers. But the bilingualism between these two languages is not of a stable nature. Survey-based research was conducted in five different localities across Hazara Division districts. Results from the statistics collected from five hundred bilinguals' questionnaires data provided the results of the research. The study provides substantial evidence in proof of

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Imdad, Ali Humera Sharif Afia Mahmood. "A Study of Demonstrative Determiners in Pashto Language." Multicultural Education 7, no. 6 (2021): 634. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042164.

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<em>The existence of determiner phrase and its different manifestations in number, gender, and case have been studied and proved in the English language in many research studies. Many languages other than English need this investigation in order to establish a sound hypothesis about the universal language structure. This study was an attempt to find out the structure of the determiner phrase in the Pashto language. It also investigated the equivalents of the English determiner phrase in the Pashto language. It used the spoken corpus of Pashto as primary data. In addition, short stories and nov

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Ahmad, Khursheed, Saba Sadia, and Mahtab Alam. "Cultural Resilience and Language Preservation: The Role of Pashto Tappa in Contemporary Pashtun Society." Wah Academia Journal of Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (2024): 677–86. https://doi.org/10.63954/wajss.3.2.35.2024.

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This paper explores how Pashto Tappa, a traditional oral poetry form, has played a significant role in preserving the Pashto language, in the face of decades of wars, modernization, and globalization. Despite serious threats from foreign languages and decline in the use of Pashto, Tappa has remained relevant and holds strong cultural expression preserving both the language and culture. By employing a mixed-method approach, this research shows how Tappa preserves standard Pashto and supports the intergenerational transfer of Pashtun culture and language and adapts to contemporary society, makin

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Dinakhel, Muhammad Ali. "An Analysis of Conflict between Pashto and Dari Languages of Afghanistan." Central Asia 83, Winter (2019): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54418/ca-83.30.

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Since the establishment of Afghanistan State, Dari (dialect of Persian) has remained its dominant and official language. However, in twentieth century, some measures were taken for the development of Pashto language followed by declaration of Pashto as official language in 1936. For the first time a dialect of Persian spoken in Afghanistan was officially renamed as Dari in the 1964 Constitution of Afghanistan. In this constitution as well as in the current constitution of 2004 both of the languages were declared as official languages. Since the emergence of Pashto as official language, a rival

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Muhammadi, Attaullah, Ahmad Shah Nawabi, Sayed Ahmad Qani, Mohammad Edriss Masoom, Naseer Ahmad Tayid, and Hashmatullah Tareen. "An Overview of the Influence of Other Languages on the Composition of Contemporary Pashto Script." Sprin Multidisciplinary Journal in Pashto, Persian & English 2, no. 01 (2024): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.55559/smjppe.v2i01.241.

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This topic introduces the definition of composition and the influence of other languages in Pashto literature on Pashto compositions and also shows the composition of Pashto language itself. Definitions in this topic, other relevant aspects of the topic are taken from reputable sources and part of the effect on the composition is seen in the writings of newspaper and radio speakers and writers, as well as school and university professors, which will be discussed accordingly. This research has been compiled from the reputable academic books using a library method, in simple and fluent Pashto la

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Ali, Akbar, Bilal Khan, and Nazakat Awan. "Contrastive Analysis of the English and Pashto Adjectives." Global Language Review I, no. I (2016): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2016(i-i).07.

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The paper mainly focuses on the contrastive analysis of the use of English and Pashto adjectives. Contrastive Analysis hypothesis developed in the 20th century from the two renowned theories of language acquisition and linguistics i.e. behaviorism and structuralism. This hypothesis states that the major barriers in the second learning and acquisition process arise from the interference of the first language. Contrastive analysis between languages facilitate the linguists and language teachers in predicting the difficulties a learner may confront through a structural, scientific analysis of pai

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Akbar, Ali, Khan Bilal, and Awan Nazakat. "Contrastive Analysis of the English and Pashto Adjectives." Global Language Review (GLR) 1, no. 1 (2017): 11. https://doi.org/10.31703/glr.2016(I-I).07.

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The paper mainly focuses on the contrastive analysis of the use of English and Pashto adjectives. Contrastive Analysis hypothesis developed in the 20th century from the two renowned theories of language acquisition and linguistics i.e. behaviorism and structuralism. This hypothesis states that the major barriers in the second learning and acquisition process arise from the interference of the first language. Contrastive analysis between languages facilitate the linguists and language teachers in predicting the difficulties a learner may confront through a structural, scientific analysis of pai

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18

Raziq Safi, Abdul, Ehsanullah Pamir, and Arifullah Haqpararst. "Contrastive Analysis of English and Pashto Adjectives." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 4, no. 6 (2023): 1011–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1762.

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Language is a systematic means of communication that employs sound or conventional symbols. Using a foreign language can be problematic when attempting to communicate or translate written or spoken language from one's native language due to structural differences between languages. Among the most widely spoken languages in the world, English is understood by approximately half of the global population, though it is neither an official nor a second language in our country. Nonetheless, due to its significance, it is often taught as a foreign language at schools, institutes, and universities. As

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., Shaibar, та Ata ur Rahman. "(پشتو نثر میں سیرت نگاری کا ایک علمی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ(منتخب کتب سیرت کی روشنی میں". Journal of Islamic and Religious Studies 4, № 1 (2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36476/jirs.4:1.06.2019.06.

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Due to the significance of Sīrah, Muslim scholars started writing about it from the very beginning of Islam. Pashto language, like other major languages, contains the Sīrah writings. There are two types of Sīrah writings in Pashto language. The first type of books are written for a common man, in a very simple language and style, just to get guidance from the Sīrah of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). This type of books were discussed by Dr. Sa’īdullah Qaḍī in his article “Sīrah books in Pashto Language” published in “Al-Ḥaq” Monthly Journal of Jami’a Dārul Uloom Ḥaqqānia, Akora Khattak. The second

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20

Bacha, Mian Shah, and Rabia Rustum. "The Comparative Study of Politeness in Pashto and English Languages." Global Regional Review IV, no. I (2019): 498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(iv-i).53.

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This research study aims at finding out the expressions of politeness in the Pashto Language. The data were collected from the respondents of the Pashto Language through a questionnaire of the open role-play situations of requesting and apologizing. The questionnaire was adopted from Reiter`s Study (2000), and it was also translated into the Pashto language. House and Kasper`s (1989) Analytical framework and coding scheme were applied for the analysis of the data of both the languages. The results show that politeness exists both in the Pashto language and British English, but the respondents

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21

Israr, Ayesha, Khalid Shah, and Arif Khan. "English Pashto Contact: Morphological Adaptation of Bilingual Compound Words and Hybrydization in Pashto Language." Human Nature Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 3 (2023): 256–64. https://doi.org/10.71016/hnjss/e2j53602.

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Aim of the Study: Language Contact is a familiar concept in the present global world. Across the globe, languages get mixed up at different levels. Borrowing and code-switching are some of the means through which languages interact. This study examines Pashto-English contact at word and syllable levels. Methodology: By recording the speech of 100 Pashto native speakers, selected via ‘social network’ sampling, the study located a number of Pashto-English compound hybrid words which is a unique contact of its kind. In data analysis, tokens were categorized on the basis of their pattern and morph

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Mehmood, Nasir, and Azhar Habib. "Language and Cognition: The Exploration of Spatial Description in English and Pashto Languages." Journal of English Language, Literature and Education 3, no. 02 (2021): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2021.030292.

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This article explores the relation between language and cognition by examining the spatial description in English and Pashto. The study is descriptive and exploratory in nature. It identifies how Pashto and English speakers respond when they are asked to guide a stranger to some location, and which systems of reference they use to indicate directions and locations. For this purpose, firstly, the conversation of four speakers was recorded in Pashto and English and then transcribed and analysed by applying the rules of conversational analysis. After analysing the data, it has been found that all

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Alam, Dr Intikhab, Dr Farrukh Kamran, and Muhammad Kamal. "English in contact with Pashto and other Pakistani languages: A review of studies on the language interplay." Social Sciences Spectrum 4, no. 2 (2025): 387–401. https://doi.org/10.71085/sss.04.02.279.

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Languages in contact impact each other in multiple ways. Various studies have been conducted to report how the official and the regional languages in Pakistan affect each other. However, they are too scarce to cover the multitude of the languages and the multiplicity of ways in which they influence each other. In this paper, we present a critical review of the available literature to see what languages and type of contact issues have been studied. This gives an indication of the languages and topics that require further study. However, our explicit goal is to indicate gap in the available lite

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Noorzai, Ezatullah, and Ariana Haqpal. "Essential Skills for a Lexicographer: Based on Pashto Lexicography." Journal of Education, Learning, and Management 2, no. 1 (2025): 154–59. https://doi.org/10.69739/jelm.v2i1.560.

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How Pashto dictionaries meet rules of modern lexicography? Lexicography is a division of linguistic working on recording and developing data of languages. Pashto is one of the languages which do not have many resources in lexicography. Most Afghan lexicographer using traditional methods for making dictionary which can not afford the user’s needs. The paper aims encouraging lexicographer to follow modern lexicography methods and rules in Pashto. As well as, explains that lexicographers need to learn language and dictionary-making skills which help lexicographer in comprehensive dictionary. This

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Tsyryapkina, Yulia N. "Evolution of Language Policy in Afghanistan Education System in the 1920s-2010s." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 5(139) (December 6, 2024): 70–78. https://doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2024)5-09.

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The article considers the processes of development of Afghanistan education system in the context of evolution of language policy in the years 1920s — 2010s. It was made clear that multi-level education system in Afghanistan was formed in the years of 1920s — 1930s and finally confirmed in the 1960s years. The most widely spread language in the sphere of business correspondence and education was Dari. The article finds out that Pashto as the language of the state-constituting ethnic group was enforced in the years 1930s — 1940s. On the basis of statistics data it has been proved that in 1960s

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Faryal, Syeda, Sumbal Imran, and Sumaira Rauf. "A Study of Linguistic Features of Interjections in Pashto and English." Summer 2023 VIII, no. III (2023): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2023(viii-iii).02.

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The study is intended to investigate the morphological and pragmatic aspects of interjections in Pashto and English languages. It is also concerned with the finding of likenesses and contrasts between Pashto and English interjections. In order to reach these objectives, a qualitative method of purposive observation and comparative analysis is carried out. Evaluation shows that Pashto and English languages do share some morphological traits with respect to interjections in spite of the fact that both have distinct morphological patterns. The pragmatic uses of interjections are also looked at in

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Sardaraz, Dr Khan, and Kainat. "Syntactical Structure of English and Pashto Prepositions: A Case of IN-ON Vs PUH-KE and PUH-BANDE." sjesr 3, no. 1 (2020): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss1-2020(76-88).

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Previous literature mainly focused on the categorization of prepositions in investigation of the syntactical structure Pashto grammar. This paper will adopt syntactical model of Svenonius to examine the syntactic structure of Pashto prepositional system and will compare it with English to find out differences between English and Pashto prepositions. Svenonius’ model has been applied to the structured data on preposition IN and ON in English and PUH-KE and PUH-BANDE in Pashto retrieved from different sources. Purposeful structured sample was used for analysis. The analysis revealed that the pre

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Ali, Akbar, Muhammad Anees, and Bilal Khan. "Passivization in Pashto and English: A Comparative Analysis." Global Regional Review IV, no. III (2019): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(iv-iii).06.

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The present research work intends to analyze and compare the sentence structures in English and Pashto Language. The researcher has focused mainly on the passivization process in this regard. The primary reason for the research is to highlight the similarities and differences between the passivization processes in both languages. Moreover, the researcher has delimited the study to tenses used in both the languages. The study follows qualitative method of research where the researcher has collected the data for the English passivization from the various grammar books while for the collection of

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Domínguez Morales, Elena. "Carrió-Pastor, M. L. - Bellés-Fortuño, Begoña (2021) (Eds.). Teaching Language and Content in Multicultural and Multilingual Classrooms CLIL and EMI Approaches. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave MacMillan, ISBN 978-3-030-56614-2, pp. 377." Language Value 14, no. 2 (2021): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/languagev.6191.

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It is not surprising that there is a clear interest in specialised English language teaching at a time when academia needs to evidence its strong connection to social practices and internationalization (Carrió-Pastor 2019, 2020). This is a timely book, both in scope and usefulness. The contents are organised in such a way as to allow an understanding of methodological practices, firstly by establishing the difference between CLIL, i.e. Content and Language Integrated Learning, and EMI, i.e. English as a Medium of Instruction. In principle, these two terms refer to clear concepts, but in practi

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Rehman, Naveed Ur, Waqas Ahmad, Manaf Ali Shah, and Arshad Ali Khan. "Case Marking in Pashto Nouns: Word and Paradigm Approach." Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 5, no. 4 (2024): 323–32. https://doi.org/10.55737/qjssh.v-iv.24278.

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The present study investigates the case marking of nouns in the Marwat dialect of the Pashto language, spoken in many regions of Pakistan and Afghanistan by using the Word-and Paradigm (WP) approach of Haspelmath & Sims (2010). The study attempts to analyze and describe morphological processes of case marking of nouns in the Pashto language. The data was collected from different villages of district Lakki Marwat, located in the south of KPK, in the form of audio recordings of eight willing and preferably old uneducated rural participants. The analysis of the data showed that Pashto nouns s

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Haq, Ijazul, Weidong Qiu, Jie Guo, and Peng Tang. "Pashto offensive language detection: a benchmark dataset and monolingual Pashto BERT." PeerJ Computer Science 9 (October 18, 2023): e1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1617.

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Social media platforms have become inundated with offensive language. This issue must be addressed for the growth of online social networks (OSNs) and a healthy online environment. While significant research has been devoted to identifying toxic content in major languages like English, this remains an open area of research in the low-resource Pashto language. This study aims to develop an AI model for the automatic detection of offensive textual content in Pashto. To achieve this goal, we have developed a benchmark dataset called the Pashto Offensive Language Dataset (POLD), which comprises tw

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Kurd, Shehla Anwer, and Saima Hassan. "ATTITUDE OF BALOCHISTAN’S YOUTH TOWARDS INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE BRAHUI AS COMPARED TO URDU AND ENGLISH: A CASE STUDY OF (SBK) SARDAR BAHADUR KHAN WOMEN UNIVERSITY, QUETTA." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 01 (2022): 785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i1.943.

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This research aims to compare the attitudes of Balochistan’s youth towards indigenous language i.e. Brahui in comparison to Urdu and English. It explores instrumental and integrative motivations of participants towards these languages. The study adopted quantitative paradigm, a questionnaire as a research instrument. The data was collected from 90 participants of Brahui speakers. The data was analyzed by the SPSS program through frequency and mean analysis. The study concludes that participants’ attitudes were positive towards English language, neutral to Urdu language and negative towards Bra

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Shadab Aziz Qureshi, Sohaib Khan, Habiba Amjid, and Nabila Gulab. "Exploring the Impacts of Emotion through Language Learning on Pashto Speakers Young Adulthood in District Peshawar." Critical Review of Social Sciences Studies 3, no. 3 (2025): 264–70. https://doi.org/10.59075/caes6h46.

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The current study explores the emotional experiences of Pashto speakers learning a second language, with a focus on how emotions are expressed, understood, and influenced by cultural and linguistic factors. While language learning is often viewed as a cognitive process, emotions play a significant role in shaping learners’ engagement and success. This study aims that cultural differences, particularly between Pashto as second language, affect the way learners express emotions and handle emotional challenges. A quantitative research design was employed; with data collected through structured qu

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Nayim Artash, Puhanmal Master Muhammad. "Territorial Basis of the Status of Languages in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 3, no. 4 (2023): 166–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.3.4.21.

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Many writers have written many articles and books about the status, territorial and country status of languages in Afghanistan. However, no articles have been written about the Uzbek language in Afghanistan, and the articles that have been written are insufficient and incomplete. This article, with the consideration of modern research methods, reveals the controversy between the Pashto and Dari languages, and the Uzbek language in the territory of the country. Showing its location and problems, the shortcomings and advantages of the Uzbek language in the past hundred years are described in det

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Asgharzada, Mahmood. "Definition of Natural Languages Using Context-free Grammer: In Context of Dari Language." American International Journal of Social Science Research 4, no. 2 (2019): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/aijssr.v4i2.427.

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Formal definition of a natural language lets computers understand it; the languages have challenging complexity to come under representation of any formal language. Modeling assumptions, using formal languages, we can approximate the languages; and better approximation we do, more complexities of formal languages are resolved. Objective is to study current researches and possibilities to model Dari as a context-free language. Researchers have worked for more than 6 decades on definition of syntax of natural languages using context-free grammer. It is crucial that computer scientists to be able

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Ali, Akbar, Muhammad Yasir Khan, and Bilal Khan. "Compounding in Pashto: An Analysis of Compound and Compound- Complex Adjectives." Global Language Review II, no. I (2017): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2017(ii-i).08.

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Compounding as the word formation process is common across languages. Pashto language uses it as a productive morphological process. The paper aims at the structural description of compound and compound-complex adjectives in the language. For this purpose the data were collected through discourse centered method, Pashto newspapers and Pashto programmes on T.V and radio. The data is analyzed using Plag’s (2003) work on word formation in English as theoretical framework. The analysis proves that the grammatical categories exploited in order to derive non-simple adjectives are that of noun, verb

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Akbar, Ali, Yasir Khan Muhammad, and Khan Bilal. "Compounding in Pashto: An Analysis of Compound and Compound- Complex Adjectives." Global Language Review (GLR) 2, no. 1 (2017): 8. https://doi.org/10.31703/glr.2017(II-I).08.

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Compounding as the word formation process is common across languages. Pashto language uses it as a productive morphological process. The paper aims at the structural description of compound and compound-complex adjectives in the language. For this purpose the data were collected through discourse centered method, Pashto newspapers and Pashto programmes on T.V and radio. The data is analyzed using Plag’s (2003) work on word formation in English as theoretical framework. The analysis proves that the grammatical categories exploited in order to derive non-simple adjectives are that of noun,

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Khaliq, Fazli, Muhammad Shabir, Inayat Khan, et al. "Pashto Handwritten Invariant Character Trajectory Prediction Using a Customized Deep Learning Technique." Sensors 23, no. 13 (2023): 6060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23136060.

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Before the 19th century, all communication and official records relied on handwritten documents, cherished as valuable artefacts by different ethnic groups. While significant efforts have been made to automate the transcription of major languages like English, French, Arabic, and Chinese, there has been less research on regional and minor languages, despite their importance from geographical and historical perspectives. This research focuses on detecting and recognizing Pashto handwritten characters and ligatures, which is essential for preserving this regional cursive language in Pakistan and

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Põldvee, Aivar. "Wennekülla Hans and Estonian church language." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 3, no. 1 (2012): 259–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2012.3.1.13.

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In the 17th century two Estonian literary languages were standardised. As literary language was needed primarily for translating ecclesiastical texts and for worship services, it evolved as a church language that was created mainly by German pastors, following the example of the German language. At the end of the 17th century, in connection with the translation of the Bible and the establishment of Estonian schools, there emerged a need to renew the literary language and make it more approachable for the common people. The reforms created a situation where church manuals that differed in diale

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Hood, Haji Mohammad. "Language borrowing in Pashto." International Journal of Advanced Academic Studies 4, no. 1 (2022): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/27068919.2022.v4.i1b.693.

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Aslamzai, Sebghatullah, and Saidah Saad. "Pashto Language Stemming Algorithm." Asia-Pacific Journal of Information Technology and Multimedia 04, no. 01 (2015): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/apjitm-2015-0401-03.

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Nadeem Ahmed Solangi, Wafa Mansoor Buriro, and Muhammad Hassan Abbasi. "Exploring Intergenerational Linguistic Identity of Dhatki Speakers in Sindh, Pakistan." International Journal of Linguistics and Culture 4, no. 1 (2023): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/ijlc.v4i1.168.

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Pakistan is a multilingual country where seventy four languages are spoken (Siddiqui, 2019). English is the official language, while Urdu is used as a common Lingua Franca; while each province has its own provincial official language (Sindhi, Punjabi, Pashto & Balochi). The language policy of Pakistan promotes dominant languages only; as a result indigenous languages are becoming extinct and gradually are on the verge of language shift and death in urban areas. Hence, maintaining a linguistic identity in such a context pose serious challenges to the speakers of a language. This paper explo

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Dr. Aasma Rani, Dr. Aqsa Naseem Sindhu, and Dr. Sadaf Naqvi. "MUTUAL TRANSLATIONS OF URDU AND PUNJABI." Tasdiqتصدیق۔ 4, no. 01 (2022): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.56276/tasdiq.v4i01.91.

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Human being uses language to convey their messages, emotions, feelings, observations and experiences to others. For this, language was used as spoken and written language, and different languages came into existence due to geographical boundaries and linguistic groups. And for those who know one language, commonly it is not possible to know another language. Human emotions and feelings are expressed in one language in speech or writing which the other language knower is generally unable to understand. Thus there was a need to translate this expression into another language which was called Tra

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Miller, Corey. "The Waziri Chain Shift." Journal of Persianate Studies 7, no. 1 (2014): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18747167-12341267.

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Abstract The Waziri dialect of the Pashto language, spoken in Afghanistan and Pakistan, features a vowel shift with respect to other varieties of Pashto. Kieffer calls this process metaphony, but referring to it as a vowel shift facilitates comparison with similar phenomena in other languages. This shift involves three standard vowels, /ā/, /o/ and /u/, which in Waziri can shift to /o/, /e/ and /i/, respectively. We will discuss the phonetic processes involved, and find parallels in languages genetically near and far. In addition, we will discuss the status of the change, through the quantitat

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Rehman, Muhammad Zubair, Nazri Mohd. Nawi, Mohammad Arshad, and Abdullah Khan. "Recognition of Cursive Pashto Optical Digits and Characters with Trio Deep Learning Neural Network Models." Electronics 10, no. 20 (2021): 2508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10202508.

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Pashto is one of the most ancient and historical languages in the world and is spoken in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Various languages like Urdu, English, Chinese, and Japanese have OCR applications, but very little work has been conducted on the Pashto language in this perspective. It becomes more difficult for OCR applications to recognize handwritten characters and digits, because handwriting is influenced by the writer’s hand dynamics. Moreover, there was no publicly available dataset for handwritten Pashto digits before this study. Due to this, there was no work performed on the recognition

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Imdad Ali, Dr. Sikandr Ali, and Humera Sharif. "A Study of Demonstrative Determiners in Pashto." sjesr 6, no. 3 (2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol6-iss3-2023(1-12).

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The existence of determiner phrases and their different manifestations in number, gender, and case have been studied and proved in English in many research studies. Many languages other than English need this investigation to establish a sound hypothesis about the universal language structure. This study was an attempt to find out the structure of the determiner phrase in the Pashto. It also investigated the equivalents of the English determiner phrase in the Pashto. It used the spoken corpus of Pashto as primary data. In addition, short stories and novels written by literary writers in the Pa

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Omarkhel, Hameedullah. "An Analytical Study of Standard Pashto Language." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 4, no. 5 (2024): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.4.5.17.

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Linguistics has different branches; the most famous branch is called descriptive linguistics. Linguistics is an excellent branch of descriptive linguistics and it is a science that studies the sub-systems of a comprehensive system of a language. As you can see, every language has its own dialects, like other languages, Pashto has many dialects due to the presence of speakers in different regions. Dialect is a style of communication or a type of speech. Dialect in English is called dialect, which is made from the Greek word (dialectos and dialectos means the way of speaking. The issue of standa

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Suliman, Sayad. "National Narration of Adam Khan and Durkhanai." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 05, no. 03 (2020): 67–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3817312.

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Narratives are a very important part of literature which is the great source of a nation’s cultural values. There are two types of tales in Pashto folklore, those which are translated from other languages and those which are national and written by Pashto writers themselves. The first national narratives in Pashto “Adam Khan and Durkhanai, Dalai and Shamai” attributed to Sadar Khan Khatak. Dalai and Shamai was written in 1110 Hijjree while Adam Khan and Durkhanai was written in 1118 Hijjree. “Adam Khan and Durkhanai” is a national tale of Pashto language which was

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Uddin, Imran, Dzati A. Ramli, Abdullah Khan, et al. "Benchmark Pashto Handwritten Character Dataset and Pashto Object Character Recognition (OCR) Using Deep Neural Network with Rule Activation Function." Complexity 2021 (March 4, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6669672.

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In the area of machine learning, different techniques are used to train machines and perform different tasks like computer vision, data analysis, natural language processing, and speech recognition. Computer vision is one of the main branches where machine learning and deep learning techniques are being applied. Optical character recognition (OCR) is the ability of a machine to recognize the character of a language. Pashto is one of the most ancient and historical languages of the world, spoken in Afghanistan and Pakistan. OCR application has been developed for various cursive languages like U

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Carpenter,, Pramod. "Language Identifier." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 06 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem36148.

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This project presents a language identifier system focused on achieving high accuracy in identifying a specific set of 22 languages: Estonian, Swedish, English, Russian, Romanian, Persian, Pashto, Spanish, Hindi, Korean, Chinese, French, Portuguese, Indonesian, Urdu, Latin, Turkish, Japanese, Dutch, Tamil, Thai, and Arabic. Existing LI systems might struggle with the nuances of these languages, often prioritizing identification of more common languages. Our targeted approach allows for tailored optimization to achieve superior accuracy. We employ the Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB) algorithm due

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