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Journal articles on the topic 'Pasture ecology – Western Australia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Norbury, GL, DC Norbury, and RB Hacker. "Impact of Red Kangaroos on the Pasture Layer in the Western Australian Arid Zone." Rangeland Journal 15, no. 1 (1993): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9930012.

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We studied the impact of grazing by red kangaroos (Macropus rufus) on pasture biomass and species diversity over a 32-month period in destocked open shrubland in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia. Grazing significantly impeded the accumulation of annual and perennial grass biomass in a degraded perennial shrub community (Pc0.001 and P<0.05) and on denuded sites that were cultivated and reseeded with native shrubs (P<0.01 and Pc0.01). The accumulation of annual and perennial forb biomass was unaffected by kangaroo grazing. After 12 months, pasture species diversity was significantl

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2

Wright, AndrÃ¯Â¿Â½-Denis G., Andrew J. Williams, Barbara Winder, Claus T. Christophersen, Sharon L. Rodgers, and Kellie D. Smith. "Molecular Diversity of Rumen Methanogens from Sheep in Western Australia." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 3 (March 2004): 1263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.3.1263-1270.2004.

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ABSTRACT The molecular diversity of rumen methanogens in sheep in Australia was investigated by using individual 16S rRNA gene libraries prepared from the rumen contents obtained from six merino sheep grazing pasture (326 clones), six sheep fed an oaten hay-based diet (275 clones), and five sheep fed a lucerne hay-based diet (132 clones). A total of 733 clones were examined, and the analysis revealed 65 phylotypes whose sequences (1,260 bp) were similar to those of cultivated methanogens belonging to the order Methanobacteriales. Pasture-grazed sheep had more methanogen diversity than sheep fe

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3

Wheeler, SH, and DR King. "The European Rabbit in South- Western Australia II. Reproduction." Wildlife Research 12, no. 2 (1985): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9850197.

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'The reproduction of the European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.), at two intensive study sites in south-western Australia is compared with reproductive data from rabbits taken throughout the coastal and inland districts of the south-west region. South-western Australia has hot, arid summers and cool wet winters. Rabbit breeding in the region is characteristic of that in Mediterranean climates, with a winter breeding season which begins when pastures germinate with the initial winter rainfall (April-May) and ceases when the pastures dry out at the end of the year. Unseasonal cyclonic rain c

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4

Holm, AM, and RJ Allen. "Seasonal changes in the nutritive value of grass species in Spinifex pastures of Western Australia." Rangeland Journal 10, no. 1 (1988): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9880060.

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This study was undertaken to assess whether the nutritional quality of spinifex pasture lands is improved by buming to promote the growth of grasses other than spinifex. We selected two comparable sites in the Exmouth Gulf region of Western Australia; one had been bumt in late 1979 and the other had not been burnt for many years. On these sites we sampled the five grass species present, as well as Triodia pungens (soft spinifex) and Plectrachne >chinzii (Oat eared spinifex) on 10 occasions from March 1980 to April 1982. Plant parts were analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur content,

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5

Twigg, Laurie E., Tim J. Lowe, Gary R. Martin, Amanda G. Wheeler, Garry S. Gray, Sandra L. Griffin, Catherine M. O'Reilly, Tania L. Butler, David J. Robinson, and Peter H. Hubach. "The ecology of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in coastal southern Western Australia." Wildlife Research 25, no. 2 (1998): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr97066.

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Demographic changes in three free-ranging rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) populations were monitored over 4 years in southern Western Australia. Peak densities followed periods of high rainfall and pasture biomass. The breeding season was prolonged, often extending from at least April to November, with some pregnancies occurring outside this period. Fecundity, determined by the autopsy of pregnant offsite rabbits and the known length of each breeding season, appeared to be relatively high, with the potential for 34–39 kittens doe-1 year-1; however, because not all females are pregnant in all mo

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6

Southcott, RV. "Larvae of Leptus (Acarina : Erythraeidae) ectoparasitic on higher insects of Australia and New Guinea." Invertebrate Systematics 7, no. 6 (1993): 1473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9931473.

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Larval Leptus (Acarina : Erythraeidae) ectoparasitic on higher insects (Neuroptera. Coleoptera. Lepidoptera. Hymenoptera) are comprehensively reviewed (Diptera were considered previously) . The new species (all from Australia) comprise: L. spinalatus (from Neuroptera); L. belicolus. L. cerambycius. L. faini. L. halli. L. heleus. L. jenseni. L. orthrius. L. tarranus. L. titinius. L. truncatus. L. utheri (all from Coleoptera); L. agrotis, L. georgeae (from Lepidoptera); and L. monteithi (from Hymenoptera). A key is given to the larvae of Leptus from Australia and New Guinea . L. agrotis is an ec

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7

Hacker, RB, and SB Tunbridge. "Grazing Management Strategies for Reseeded Rangelands in the East Kimberley Region of Western Australia." Rangeland Journal 13, no. 1 (1991): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9910014.

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Grazing management strategies involving continuous grazing, wet season rest, dry season rest and a range of stocking rates of steers were evaluated on reseeded rangeland at Ord Regeneration Research Station by the use of temporary exclosures within continuously grazed paddocks. The rangeland is a patchwork of plant communities in various stages of regeneration. Under continuous grazing, liveweight gain in three of the four years of the trial was more closely related to botanical differences between paddocks than to stocking rate although all paddocks were confined to the one land unit. Animals

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8

James, T. K., and A. Rahman. "Management and control options for tutsan (Hypericum androsaemum) in hill country pastures a review." New Zealand Plant Protection 68 (January 8, 2015): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2015.68.5880.

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Tutsan (Hypericum androsaemum) is a highly invasive semievergreen shrubby weed found throughout New Zealand Described as a serious pasture weed in 1937 it has been held in check for many years by tutsan rust Recently it has spread rapidly into pasture forestry and conservation areas Present methods available for managing tutsan are proving inadequate and unsustainable This review paper provides an overview of tutsans biology ecology habitat and its current distribution in New Zealand It details possible management strategies and control options with emphasis on control by herbicides The paper

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9

Norton, M. R., M. L. Mitchell, E. Kobelt, and E. Hall. "Evaluation of native and introduced grasses for low-input pastures in temperate Australia: experimental approach, site and genotype descriptions." Rangeland Journal 27, no. 1 (2005): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj05002.

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This paper describes the experimental methodology, sites, seasonal conditions and germplasm used in the Australian Native and Low Input Grass Network (NLIGN). In 1998, eight sites were established across the temperate pastoral zone of southern Australia. These were located at Armidale, Binya, Sutton and Trangie in NSW; Springhurst in Victoria; Jericho in Tasmania; Flaxley in South Australie and Kendenup in Western Australia. A total of 62 lines were evaluated, of which, 29 were Australian native grasses and 33 were introduced. With differences in seed size among species and a lack of informati

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10

Martin, Gary R., Laurie E. Twigg, and Lina Zampichelli. "Seasonal changes in the diet of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) from three different Mediterranean habitats in south-western Australia." Wildlife Research 34, no. 1 (2007): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06044.

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Abstract.�Seasonal changes in the diet of rabbits from three temperate (Mediterranean) areas in south-western Australia were identified using microscopic determination of the percentage occurrence of various food groups in sampled stomachs. The sites differed in soil type and in the availability of summer perennials, native vegetation bush remnants (size of, and number of plant species), improved pastures, and summer rainfall, and hence, enabled a comparison of the diet of rabbits from the different vegetation communities. Although the diet of these rabbits was quite flexible, with some switch

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11

Holm, AM, DG Burnside, and AA Mitchell. "The development of a system for monitoring trend in range condition in the arid shrublands of Western Australia." Rangeland Journal 9, no. 1 (1987): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9870014.

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The role of a monitoring system for Western Australian pastoral shrublands is examined. The authors argue that the objective of management is to maximise sustained animal productivity, and that this can only be attained if the soil is maintained in a stable state. In non-degraded rangelands this objective is synonomous with the maintenance of a pasture community with its natural balance of edible and less edible species. In degraded rangelands the objective of regaining the pristine vegetation may, in many cases, be unattainable. Nevertheless, the objective of maximum sustained productivity ag

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12

Fensham, RJ. "Native Grasslands of the Central Highlands, Queensland, Australia. Floristics, Regional Context and Conservation." Rangeland Journal 21, no. 1 (1999): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9990082.

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A floristic classification of grassland and related woodland vegetation from the Central Highlands of Queensland suggests four broad types: Mountain coolibah (Eucalyptus orgadophila) woodland on basalt, Mitchell grassland (dominated by Astrebla lappacea) on alluvia and two closely related groups dominated by Dichanthium sericeum, Blue grassland on basalt and Blue grassland on sediment. An analysis including floristic data from grassland and woodland on vertosols from throughout southern, central and western Queensland revealed that the Blue grasslands of the Central Highlands are highly dissim

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13

Robley, Alan J., Jeff Short, and Stuart Bradley. "Do European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) influence the population ecology of the burrowing bettong (Bettongia lesueur)?" Wildlife Research 29, no. 5 (2002): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01007.

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The influence of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) on the survival of medium-sized native mammals remains unclear despite 60 years of speculation. Most medium-sized native species that might have been affected by the presence of rabbits are extinct, rare, or endangered. This limits the opportunity to study their interaction with introduced herbivores. We studied the effect of changes in rabbit density on aspects of the ecology of burrowing bettongs (Bettongia lesueur) reintroduced to mainland Australia on Heirisson Prong, Shark Bay, Western Australia. The rabbit population at the sit

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14

Cocks, P. S. "Ecology of herbaceous perennial legumes: a review of characteristics that may provide management options for the control of salinity and waterlogging in dryland cropping systems." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 2 (2001): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99170.

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Salinity is a widespread problem caused by an imbalance between rainfall and transpiration in the dryland cropping systems of southern Australia. The need to use more perennials has been identified and this paper examines the possibility of replacing annual with perennial pasture legumes and the germplasm available to do so. While lucerne is already used widely in eastern Australia it has only recently been adopted in the wheat belt of Western Australia. There are doubts about its adaptation to acid soils and to climates where summer rainfall is low and ambient temperatures are high. There is

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15

Ryan, WJ, D. Pratchett, and BL McIntyre. "Alternative turnoff strategies for Kimberley beef cattle. 1. Live animal performance and carcass characteristics." Rangeland Journal 9, no. 2 (1987): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9870061.

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In June 1980, 190 Kimberley Shorthorn steers from five properties in the Kimberley were divided into three age categories. Half were sent to Chapman Research Station (CRS) in the agricultural area of Western Australia and the remainder stayed at Ord Regeneration Research Station (ORRS) in the Kimberley. Animals in both locations grazed for either one or two pasture growing seasons and a third group was fed a concentrate ration based on grain after the first growing season. Cattle lost between 20-30 kg in handling and transport south which, together with the reduced initial grazing season, led

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16

McHenry, Melinda T., Brian R. Wilson, Peter V. Lockwood, Christopher N. Guppy, Brian M. Sindel, Matthew K. Tighe, Ivor O. Growns, and John M. Lemon. "The impact of individual Callitris glaucophylla (white cypress pine) trees on agricultural soils and pastures of the north-western slopes of NSW, Australia." Rangeland Journal 31, no. 3 (2009): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj08052.

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Woody vegetation thickening occurs in agri-ecosystems worldwide, often with negative consequences for production. Dense Callitris glaucophylla (Joy Thomps. & L.A.S. Johnson) stands affect landscapes across NW NSW, Australia, and strategies to reduce tree density to levels which maintain biodiversity values alongside agricultural production are currently being sought. We investigated soil chemical and groundcover patterns associated with individual small and large C. glaucophylla trees at six sites of variable management history and lithology in NW NSW, Australia. We posed two questions: (1

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17

Zahran, BB, AM Holm, WR Stern, and WA Loneragan. "The cage method of sampling to assess herbage mass and herbage consumed on annual rangeland vegetation." Rangeland Journal 10, no. 1 (1988): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9880006.

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The cage method of sampling vegetation was used to estimate herbage mass and herbage consumed by sheep, grazing a pasture dominated by annual species, near Camawon, Western Australia. Using paired quadrats (2m x lm), one caged and the other open, herbage mass and herbage consumed were measured at five stocking rates on two soil types, on eight occasions between December 1983 and January 1985. The data were highly variable; nevertheless, some effects of season, soil type and stocking rate could be observed. The results showed clear seasonal trends. Some soil type x stocking rate interactions we

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18

MacLeod, N. D., D. E. Mayberry, C. Revell, L. W. Bell, and D. B. Prestwidge. "An exploratory analysis of the scope for dispersed small-scale irrigation developments to enhance the productivity of northern beef cattle enterprises." Rangeland Journal 40, no. 4 (2018): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj18026.

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The major economic use of the northern Australian rangelands is beef cattle grazing. Beef production enterprises are typically large and employ ‘low-input’ herd and pasture management systems, and the longer-term viability and sustainability of many is uncertain. Productivity gains have been stagnant for most of the past decade, and nutritional constraints are a major source of the poor animal production and financial returns across the sector. There has been a growing interest in the scope for small-scale, dispersed irrigation developments – mosaic irrigation – to provide an augmented supply

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19

Garden, D. L., C. M. Waters, A. B. Smith, M. R. Norton, G. C. Auricht, and E. Kobelt. "Performance of native and introduced grasses for low-input pastures. 2. Herbage production." Rangeland Journal 27, no. 1 (2005): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj05003.

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A total of 62 perennial grasses were evaluated for herbage production under low-fertiliser conditions at eight sites in the temperate zone of southern Australia from 1999 to 2001. A brief assessment of relative preference ranking by sheep was also made at the end of the experimental period. Four sites were in the high rainfall areas of south-east Australia, two in the drier mixed farming areas of western NSW, and two sites in Mediterranean southern Australia. Seven standard cultivars were included in the comparisons. Plants were grown from seed in glasshouses and transplanted to the field as s

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20

Newsome, A. E., P. C. Catling, B. D. Cooke, and R. Smyth. "Two ecological universes separated by the Dingo Barrier Fence in semi-arid Australia: interactions between landscapes, herbivory and carnivory, with and without dingoes." Rangeland Journal 23, no. 1 (2001): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj01015.

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This paper challenges conclusions of Caughley et al. (1980) that the abundance of red kangaroos (Macropus rufus) in western New South Wales is solely due to lack of dingoes (Canis lupus dingo), and vice versa for neighbouring South Australia. A Dingo Barrier Fence divides the two different ecological systems, which have sheep in New South Wales and cattle in South Australia. This paper re-examines in particular whether there is an environmental gradient across the Fence that was dismissed by Caughley et al. This paper concludes to the contrary, that there is a strong environmental gradient. Ou

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21

HALLIDAY, R. B. "Predatory mites from crops and pastures in South Africa: potential natural enemies of redlegged earth mite Halotydeus destructor (Acari: Penthaleidae)." Zootaxa 1079, no. 1 (November 11, 2005): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1079.1.2.

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A survey was conducted in crops and pastures in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, in a search for predatory mites that could have potential for introduction into Australia as biological control agents of redlegged earth mite Halotydeus destructor (Penthaleidae). A total of over 1200 specimens was examined, and 56 species of predatory mites belonging to 14 families were found. Information is presented for 33 known species, including synonymy and bibliography, geographic distribution, and biology where known. Eight species in six families are described as new¨®Bdellodes edentata sp. nov

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22

Bennett, R. G., M. H. Ryan, T. D. Colmer, and D. Real. "Prioritisation of novel pasture species for use in water-limited agriculture: a case study of Cullen in the Western Australian wheatbelt." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 58, no. 1 (May 12, 2010): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10722-010-9567-3.

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23

S. Watkins, R. ""Payneham Vale": integrated whole farm Planning." Pacific Conservation Biology 9, no. 1 (2003): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc030065.

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IN 1908, Ron's grandfather, Issac Gray, took up an uncleared block of land 15 km north of Frankland in the south-west of Western Australia (see Fig. 1, Hobbs 2003). During that time he ran a few cattle in the bush and clearing of the native woodlands of Wandoo (white gum) Eucalyptus wandoo, J arrah E. marginata and Marri (Redgum) E. calophylla was slow and tedious. Ron's parents took over the farm in 1947, and with the advent of the bulldozer, clearing of Watkin's property and surrounding district began in earnest during the 1950s. Clearing continued as fast "as money permitted", until almost

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Craig, AB. "Fire Management of Rangelands in the Kimberley Low-Rainfall Zone: a Review." Rangeland Journal 21, no. 1 (1999): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9990039.

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This paper examines a range of environmental, research and practical issues affecting fire management of pastoral lands in the southern part of the Kimberley region in Western Australia. Although spinifex grasslands dominate most leases, smaller areas of more productive pastures are crucially important to many enterprises. There is a lack of local documentation of burning practices during traditional Aboriginal occupation; general features of the fire regime at that time can be suggested on the basis of information from other inland areas. Definition of current tire regimes is improving throug

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25

Oram, Rex, and Greg Lodge. "Trends in temperate Australian grass breeding and selection." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 3 (2003): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02137.

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Current trends in grass cultivar development are reviewed, with respect to the range of species involved, and the objectives and methodology within each species. Extrapolations and predictions are made about future directions and methodologies. It is assumed that selection will necessarily cater for the following environmental changes: (1) higher year-round temperatures, higher variability of rainfall incidence, and lower total winter and spring rainfall along the south of the continent; (2) higher nutrient and lime inputs as land utilisation intensifies; and (3) the grazing management require

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Whelan, BR. "Uptake of selenite fertilizer by subterranean clover pasture in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 4 (1989): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890517.

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. Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) based pastures were fertilised with sodium selenite at 9 rates from 0 to 800 g Se/ha on 2 sites in 1983. In order to measure the residual value in 1984 and 1985, further applications of sodium selenite were superimposed on the original 9 treatments. Green pasture was sampled annually, dry pasture was sampled once, only in 1984 and the concentration of selenium in the pasture was measured. The sampled pasture was sorted into 2 components: subterranean clover, and non-subterranean clover. Except for the third site that had a quadratic response for t

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27

Sanford, P., X. Wang, K. D. Greathead, J. H. Gladman, and J. Speijers. "Impact of Tasmanian blue gum belts and kikuyu-based pasture on sheep production and groundwater recharge in south-western Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 8 (2003): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02226.

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The effect of Tasmanian blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus) belts and kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) grass on livestock production and groundwater recharge was studied in the high rainfall zone (>600 mm/year) of south-western Western Australia from 1998 to 2001. The objective was to identify optimum combinations of tree belts and pasture for sustainable livestock production and the prevention of secondary salinisation. Treatments were annual pasture, in competition with trees at different orientations (east, west and south), kikuyu pasture in competition with trees at one orientation (west), c

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Bolland, M. D. A., J. S. Yeates, and M. F. Clarke. "Comparing different sources of sulfur for high-rainfall pastures insouth-western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 10 (2003): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02146.

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The dry herbage yield increase (response) of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)-based pasture (>85% clover) to applications of different sources of sulfur (S) was compared in 7 field experiments on very sandy soils in the > 650 mm annual average rainfall areas of south-western Australia where S deficiency of clover is common when pastures grow rapidly during spring (August–November). The sources compared were single superphosphate, finely grained and coarsely grained gypsum from deposits in south-western Australia, and elemental S. All sources were broadcast (topdressed) onc

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29

Ward, P. R., R. A. Lawes, and D. Ferris. "Soil-water dynamics in a pasture-cropping system." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 10 (2014): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14046.

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Pasture cropping is a farming system in which annual crops are sown into established perennial pastures. It may provide environmental benefits such as increased groundcover and reduced deep drainage, while allowing traditional crop production in the Mediterranean-style climate of south-western Australia. In this research, we investigated deep drainage and the temporal patterns of water use by a subtropical perennial grass, annual crops, and a pasture-cropping system over a 4-year period. Both the pasture and pasture-cropped treatments reduced deep drainage significantly, by ~50 mm compared wit

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Bird, P. R., T. T. Jackson, and K. W. Williams. "Effect of synthetic windbreaks on pasture growth in south-western Victoria, Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 6 (2002): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02017.

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The impact of a synthetic windbreak on the growth of subterranean clover and perennial ryegrass pasture in the cool-temperate zone of south-western Victoria was investigated over 2 years. Four square plots (10 m sides) at each of 2 sites were fenced with wire mesh 1.2 m tall in 1996 and 1997. Two plots at each site were sheltered with synthetic mesh of 50% porosity attached to the wire mesh. The open wind speed averaged 3.6 m/s in 1996 and 3.1�m/s in 1997. Winds exceeded 6 m/s for 4–23% and 2–8% of the time in 1996 and 1997, respectively. There were small but significant differences in tempera

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Barbetti, MJ. "Infection studies with Cercospora zebrina on pasture legumes in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 4 (1985): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850850.

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The effects of inoculum level, and temperature and humidity regimes on the development of Cercospora blackstem disease (caused by Cercospora zebrina) in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) were investigated. Mycelial fragments were an effective and reliable inoculum. The incidence, severity, and the rate of disease development increased with increasing period of high humidity after inoculation and with increasing concentrations of inoculum. Disease was greatest at 18/13� (12/12 h, day/ night), followed by 21/16�C, and then l5/10�C While all cultivars of T. subterraneum sprayed with hy

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Dolling, P. J. "Water use and drainage under phalaris, annual pasture, and crops on a duplex soil in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 2 (2001): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99167.

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Rising water tables in southern Western Australia are causing waterlogging and salinity problems. These issues are related to a lower level of water use by annual plants than by the native vegetation. Phalaris can use more water than annual pastures and crops because of deeper rooting characteristics and longer growing season. However, there is limited information on the water use of phalaris in the Western Australian environment. There is also very little information on water balances under annual crops and pastures outside the growing season. A field experiment was carried out on a duplex so

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Schut, A. G. T., S. G. Gherardi, and D. A. Wood. "Empirical models to quantify the nutritive characteristics of annual pastures in south-west Western Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 61, no. 1 (2010): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp08438.

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The objective of this paper is to quantify the magnitude of the major sources of variation, which affect in vitro digestibility (DMD) and concentrations of neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), and crude protein (CP) of annual pastures in Mediterranean-type climate zones. Four experiments were conducted in the south-west of Western Australia in 2006–07 and 2007–08, where the supply of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, or sulfur and pasture types were varied. Effects of seasonality, fertiliser application, pasture type, and site were analysed with an auto-regression maximum

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Bird, P. R., T. T. Jackson, G. A. Kearney, and K. W. Williams. "Effect of two tree windbreaks on adjacent pastures in south-western Victoria, Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 6 (2002): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02016.

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The effects of 2 tree windbreaks on pasture production in adjoining paddocks were assessed over 4 years in a cool-temperate climate, perennial pasture area in south-western Victoria, Australia. The Willandra windbreak was 2 rows of direct-sown black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) aligned south-east–north-west. The Helm View windbreak was 4 rows of mixed Eucalyptus, Casuarina and Acacia spp., aligned east–west. Pastures at both sites had been sown to perennial ryegrass and subterranean clover. Wind direction data indicated that the north-eastern and south-western paddocks at Willandra were sheltered

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35

Kaur, K., R. K. Jalota, D. J. Midmore, and J. Rolfe. "Pasture production in cleared and uncleared grazing systems of central Queensland, Australia." Rangeland Journal 27, no. 2 (2005): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj05012.

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Clearing land of trees and introducing exotic pastures to enhance pasture and cattle production and hence enterprise financial performance are widely practised in Queensland. The results from many previous studies on tree clearing have emphasised the gains in pasture production, but over periods of less than 10–15 years after clearing. The present study questioned the sustainability of pasture production in cleared systems over a longer time-frame (>10 years of clearing). For this, three different age groups of clearing i.e. 5 year, 11–13 year and 33 year were selected in each of 3 major ty

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McDowall, M. M., D. J. M. Hall, D. A. Johnson, J. Bowyer, and P. Spicer. "Kikuyu and annual pasture: a characterisation of a productive and sustainable beef production system on the South Coast of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 8 (2003): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02230.

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Production parameters and water use of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) and annual-based pastures were monitored for a beef weaner production system from 1998 to 2000 in a paddock-scale demonstration on the south-east coast of Western Australia. A paired paddock (40–105 ha) comparison was carried out between a kikuyu-based pasture (DSKikuyu) and temperate annual pasture (DSAnnual), with comparative measurements covering pasture production, composition and quality, and soil water deficits and drainage. The stocking rates for the paddocks were determined by the pasture productivity and cow P8 fa

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Semple, WS, TB Koen, and IA Cole. "Establishing Native Grasses in Degraded Pastures of Central Western New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 21, no. 2 (1999): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9990153.

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Renewed interest in native grasses in recent years has led to the release of a small number of cultivars but for most native species, seed is only available from wild stands. Seed can be harvested with a brush harvester but cleaning seed to a level that will allow it to pass through conventional sowing equipment is often difficult. Techniques for successful field establishment of native species are still not fully understood. From 1993 to 1995, native grasses (mainly warm-season types) were sown in early spring in exotic pastures at a number of sites in the Central West of NSW. Various seedbed

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Smith, G. T. "Ecology of the Western WhipbirdPsophodes nigrogularisin Western Australia." Emu - Austral Ornithology 91, no. 3 (August 1991): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9910145.

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Green, DR. "Rangeland restoration projects in western New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 11, no. 2 (1989): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9890110.

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The semi-arid to arid Western Division of New South Wales has suffered significant levels of land degradation due to overstocking by domestic animals and rabbits. Three major forms of land degradation are identified, soil erosion, woody weed growth and pasture quality decline. Restoration techniques developed and applied by the New South Wales Soil Conservation Service are presented and discussed. The successful techniques presented are contour furrowing and waterponding for sheet eroded or scalded areas, fire and blade ploughing for woody weed control and grazing management to reverse pasture

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Hill, MJ. "Potential adaptation zones for temperate pasture species as constrained by climate: a knowledge-based logical modelling approach." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 7 (1996): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9961095.

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Potential adaptation zones were modelled for major temperate pasture species using climate data and knowledge-based logical rules. A GIs database was constructed using a 0.025 degree digital elevation model and the Australian Climate Surfaces to create layers of monthly mean climate data for Australia. Soil pH maps for New South Wales, Victoria, and south-eastern South Australia were digitised and added to the database. Simple models using logical operators were constructed using estimates of temperature and aridity thresholds for the main temperate pasture species. The logical models were exe

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Thomas, Dean T., Roger A. Lawes, Katrien Descheemaeker, and Andrew D. Moore. "Selection of crop cultivars suited to the location combined with astute management can reduce crop yield penalties in pasture cropping systems." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 10 (2014): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13436.

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Pasture cropping is an emerging farming-systems practice of southern Australia, in which winter grain crops are sown into an established stand of a winter-dormant, summer-growing perennial pasture. There is a pressing need to define times, locations and climates that are suitable for pasture cropping. To evaluate effects of management interventions, agro-environment, and possible interactions on crop and pasture productivity associated with pasture cropping, an AusFarm® simulation model was built to describe a pasture-cropping system based on annual crop and subtropical grass. The model was pa

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Bolland, M. D. A., and I. F. Guthridge. "Responses of intensively grazed dairy pastures to applications of fertiliser nitrogen in south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 8 (2007): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06014.

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For the first time, we quantified pasture dry matter (DM) responses to applied fertiliser nitrogen (N) for intensively grazed, rain-fed, dairy pastures on sandy soils common in the Mediterranean-type climate of south-western Australia. The pastures are composed of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and annual and Italian ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud. and L. multiflorum Lam.). Six rates of N, as urea (46% N), were applied to 15 m by 15 m plots four times during 2002 and after each of the first 5–7 grazings in 2003 and 2004, throughout the typical April–October growing season. Tota

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43

Loss, SP, GSP Ritchie, and AD Robson. "Effect of lupins and pasture on soil acidification and fertility in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 4 (1993): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930457.

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An 'across the fence' comparison of farmer paddocks with nearby virgin bush sites was made at 3 locations, to measure the effects of lupins and subterranean clover based pastures on the chemical properties of the soil. Estimated rates of acidification in the 0-60 cm depth were 0.29-0.55 kmol H+/ha.year for wheat-lupin paddocks and 0.16-0.2 1 kmol H+/ha .year for pasture paddocks. A significant proportion of this acidification occurred below 20 cm, particularly in the lupin paddocks (up to 70% of the total). Severe water repellency had developed at 1 location that had produced 30 lupin crops wi

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Thomson, C. J., C. K. Revell, N. C. Turner, M. A. Ewing, and I. F. Le Coultre. "Influence of rotation and time of germinating rains on the productivity and composition of annual pastures in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 2 (1998): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a94082.

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A long-term rotation experiment located in south-western Australia was used to measure the effect of rotation and time of germinating rains on the productivity and botanical composition of grazed annual pastures in 2 contrasting seasons in an environment with an average annual rainfall of 325 mm. The density of self-regenerating seedlings of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum), capeweed (Arctotheca calendula), and grasses (Lolium rigidum, Hordeum leporinum, Bromus diandrus) was greatly increased (approx. 3 times the density) when there was a second year of pasture after crop compared

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Moore, G. A., P. Sanford, P. J. Dolling, and D. Real. "The challenges of developing resilient perennial pastures for a Mediterranean environment – a review for Western Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 72, no. 9 (2021): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20304.

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Perennial pastures are the dominant feedbase in many regions of the world, and offer several advantages when compared with an annual pasture system. In Western Australia (WA) there has been a concerted effort over seven decades to develop new perennial pasture options and expand the adoption of suitable species. The agricultural region of WA (i.e. south-western Australia) is characterised by a Mediterranean climate where the 5–7 month summer drought has proved a considerable challenge with only a small number of the many promising species being adopted commercially. Research, development, and

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Bolland, M. D. A., and I. F. Guthridge. "Determining the fertiliser phosphorus requirements of intensively grazed dairy pastures in south-western Australia with or without adequate nitrogen fertiliser." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 7 (2007): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05184.

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Fertiliser phosphorus (P) and, more recently, fertiliser nitrogen (N) are regularly applied to intensively grazed dairy pastures in south-western Australia. However, it is not known if applications of fertiliser N change pasture dry matter (DM) yield responses to applied fertiliser P. In three Western Australian field experiments (2000–04), six levels of P were applied to large plots with or without fertiliser N. The pastures were rotationally grazed. Grazing started when ryegrass plants had 2–3 leaves per tiller. Plots were grazed in common with the lactating dairy herd in the 6-h period betw

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Dolling, PJ, WM Porter, and IC Rowland. "Acidification rates in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia. 2. On a sandy duplex soil." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 8 (1994): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9941165.

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The rate and mechanisms of acidification were determined on a sandy duplex soil (depth of sand 30-45 cm) under a cereal-annual pasture rotation in Western Australia. We also evaluated the effect of rotation (intensity of cropping) on relative acidification of a sandy duplex soil. Rate of acidification was based on a linear regression analysis between soil pH and years since clearing. Sites were sampled to a depth of 50 cm in 10-cm increments and measurements included soil pH, pH buffering capacity, and bulk density. The effect of different rotations on the acidification rate was determined by

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Nichols, P. G. H., M. J. Barbetti, G. A. Sandral, B. S. Dear, C. T. de Koning, D. L. Lloyd, P. M. Evans, A. D. Craig, P. Si, and M. P. You. "Coolamon subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. var. subterraneum)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 2 (2007): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05282.

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Coolamon is a mid-season to late-season flowering F4-derived crossbred subterranean clover of var. subterraneum, developed by the collaborating organisations of the National Annual Pasture Legume Improvement Program. It is a replacement for Junee and has been selected for release on the basis of its greater herbage production and persistence, and its resistance to both known races of clover scorch. Coolamon is recommended for sowing in Western Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Queensland. It is best suited to well-drained, moderately acidic soils in areas with a growing

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Clarke, C. J., G. W. Mauger, R. W. Bell, and R. J. Hobbs CSIRO. "Computer modelling of the effect of revegetation strategies on salinity in the western wheatbelt of Western Australia 1. The impact of revegetation strategies." Soil Research 36, no. 1 (1998): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s97006.

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The interactions between land, vegetation, and climate are highly complex and there are few demonstrations of the many potential combinations of treatments which could be used to combat dryland salinity. For this reason, computer simulations are used. This is the first of 2 papers that describe the results of computer modelling of revegetation strategies to reduce land and water salinisation in the western wheatbelt of Western Australia. A distributed parameter, physically based, cellular, 2-layer, mathematical model was used to simulate the effect of a variety of treatments. Modelling predict

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Summers, RN, NR Guise, DD Smirk, and KJ Summers. "Bauxite residue (red mud) improves pasture growth on sandy soils in Western Australia." Soil Research 34, no. 4 (1996): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9960569.

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Red mud is a finely crushed, iron-rich, alkaline residue, obtained by digesting bauxite with caustic soda to remove the alumina. The remnant alkalinity of red mud is equivalent to 11% pure calcium carbonate. Phosphorus leaching from infertile sandy soils has resulted in eutrophication of estuaries and has caused algal blooms. Red mud has been shown to reduce leaching of phosphorus from sandy soil. This research was undertaken to determine the effect of red mud on pasture growth and uptake of heavy metals. Red mud, either untreated or treated with gypsum, was applied at rates of 0, 10, 20, 40,

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