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Journal articles on the topic 'Pasture response'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Bolland, M. D. A., and I. F. Guthridge. "Determining the fertiliser phosphorus requirements of intensively grazed dairy pastures in south-western Australia with or without adequate nitrogen fertiliser." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 7 (2007): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05184.

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Fertiliser phosphorus (P) and, more recently, fertiliser nitrogen (N) are regularly applied to intensively grazed dairy pastures in south-western Australia. However, it is not known if applications of fertiliser N change pasture dry matter (DM) yield responses to applied fertiliser P. In three Western Australian field experiments (2000–04), six levels of P were applied to large plots with or without fertiliser N. The pastures were rotationally grazed. Grazing started when ryegrass plants had 2–3 leaves per tiller. Plots were grazed in common with the lactating dairy herd in the 6-h period betw

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Holst, P. J., D. F. Stanley, G. D. Millar, et al. "Sustainable grazing systems for the Central Tablelands of New South Wales. 3. Animal production response to pasture type and management." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 4 (2006): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04041.

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The main limitations for prime lamb production in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales are low availability of forage early in the growing season (late autumn–early winter) and low nutritive value in the summer. This paper describes the performance of a first-cross lamb breeding enterprise on 4 pasture types and 2 management systems over 4 years for the Central Tablelands region. The pastures studied comprised a traditional unfertilised naturalised pasture, a similar pasture fertilised with superphosphate, a sod-sown fertilised introduced perennial grass pasture and a sod-sown summer grow

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Saul, Geoffrey, Gavin Kearney, and Dion Borg. "Pasture systems to improve productivity of sheep in south-western Victoria. 1. Growth, composition, nutritive value and persistence of resown pastures." Animal Production Science 49, no. 8 (2009): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06142.

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Two pasture systems were compared at five on-farm sites across south-western Victoria between 1990 and 1996. The ‘typical’ pasture treatment mimicked the pasture and grazing management common in the region, with volunteer annual-based pastures fertilised with around 5 kg/ha phosphorus (P) each year. The ‘upgraded’ pasture treatments were resown to phalaris, perennial ryegrass and subterranean clover, and higher rates of fertiliser (13–25 kg P/ha.year) plus other nutrients were applied. Both pastures were set stocked with the participating farmers breeding ewes. Stocking rate was an emergent va

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Macdonald, K. A., C. Matthew, C. B. Glassey, and N. Mclean. "Dairy farm systems to aid persistence." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 15 (January 1, 2011): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.15.2011.3199.

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This manuscript reviews fundamental pasture management principles relevant to pasture persistence. We first note some points of context, within which the debate on pasture persistence is occurring: the release of new pasture cultivars, the debate about climate change, and the effects of newly introduced weeds and pests. We then examine trends in farm practice. The critical management period (of most concern to farmers) has shifted from winter/autumn to summer. It is essential that farmers have and use sets of decision rules to govern when and how hard to graze, when to supplement and when to r

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Bolland, M. D. A., and I. F. Guthridge. "Quantifying pasture dry matter responses to applications of potassium fertiliser for an intensively grazed, rain-fed dairy pasture in south-western Australia with or without adequate nitrogen fertiliser." Animal Production Science 49, no. 2 (2009): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08106.

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Rain-fed dairy pastures on sandy soils common in the high rainfall (>800 mm annual average) Mediterranean-type climate of south-western Australia comprise the annual species subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and annual and Italian ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud. and L. multiflorum Lam.). In wet years, clover becomes potassium (K) deficient and shows large dry matter (DM) responses to applied fertiliser K due to leaching of K in soil by rainfall. In contrast, ryegrass rarely shows DM responses to applied K. Many dairy pastures in the region are now intensively grazed to maximise

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Gourley, C. J. P., and G. S. James. "Predicting the response of irrigated perennial pasture to superphosphate in Victoria." Soil Research 35, no. 2 (1997): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s96061.

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Experiments were conducted at 42 sites in the northern and south-eastern irrigation districts of Victoria to determine the relationship between extractable phosphorus (P) using the Olsen P soil test, and response of irrigated perennial pasture to an annual application of superphosphate. Relative responses (the response relative to the maximum yield, P non-limiting) were measured over 4 seasons (summer, autumn, winter, and spring). At 12 of these sites, selected from a range of soils with different clay contents, the effect of clay content on the curvature of the pasture dry mass (DM) response

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Gourley, Cameron J. P., Murray C. Hannah, and Kohleth T. H. Chia. "Predicting pasture yield response to nitrogenous fertiliser in Australia using a meta-analysis-derived model, with field validation." Soil Research 55, no. 6 (2017): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr17032.

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An improved ability to predict pasture dry matter (DM) yield response to applied nitrogen (N) is a crucial step in determining the production and economic benefits of N fertiliser inputs with associated environmental benefits from reducing inefficient N fertiliser use. Pasture DM yield responses to applied N fertiliser from 920 independent field trial sites were used from a database repository of Australian fertiliser experiments. These data were analysed and a quantitative non-linear mixed-effects model based on the Mitscherlich function was developed. The fitted model provided a good fit to

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Gourley, Cameron J. P., David M. Weaver, Richard J. Simpson, Sharon R. Aarons, Murray M. Hannah, and Ken I. Peverill. "The development and application of functions describing pasture yield responses to phosphorus, potassium and sulfur in Australia using meta-data analysis and derived soil-test calibration relationships." Crop and Pasture Science 70, no. 12 (2019): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19068.

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An improved ability to predict pasture dry matter (DM) yield response to applied phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulfur (S) is a crucial step in determining the production and economic benefits of fertiliser inputs and the environmental benefits associated with efficient nutrient use. The adoption and application of soil testing can make substantial improvements to nutrient use efficiency, but soil test interpretation needs to be based on the best available and most relevant experimental data. This paper reports on the development of improved national and regionally specific soil test–pastur

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Elliott, D. E., and R. J. Abbott. "Nitrogen fertiliser use on rain-fed pasture in the Mt Lofty Ranges, SouthAustralia. 2. Responses of perennial grasses, Tama ryegrass, andsod-sown oats to nitrogen fertiliser and cutting frequency." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 6 (2003): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01132.

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Two series of experiments were conducted in the Mt Lofty Ranges, South Australia, to examine, in a grass–subterranean clover pasture, the contribution of the companion grass to herbage mass and the responsiveness to the application of nitrogen (N) fertiliser. The first study examined the responsiveness, to a single rate of N, of grass–clover pastures containing either Tama ryegrass, sod-sown oats or 1 of 4 perennial grasses, viz. Victorian perennial ryegrass, Demeter fescue, Currie cocksfoot or Australian phalaris. These were compared in 2 experiments, under 3��different cutting frequencies at

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Toscan, Gustavo, Gustavo Cauduro Cadore, João Francisco Tadinello Limana, et al. "Immune response of sheep naturally infected with Haemonchus spp. on pastures with two different nutritional conditions." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 2 (2017): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n2p809.

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Parasitic nematodes in the gastrointestinal tract of small ruminants are considered one of the main causes of economical and productive losses. Haemonchus contortus is characterized as the major parasite affecting sheep worldwide. This study was designed to evaluate immunological responses in sheep naturally infected with Haemonchus spp. in two different feed grounds: native and cultivated pasture. Fecal and blood samples were collected weekly from fifteen Corriedale sheep, ages 8 to 12 months, to determine the counting of eggs per gram of feces (EPG), and the concentration of haematocrit, eos

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Robertson, G. "Effect of drought and high summer rainfall on biomass and comsumption of grazed pastures in western New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 9, no. 2 (1987): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9870079.

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The biomass and composition of grazed pastures near Menindee, in westem New South wales, were estimated over a range of seasonal condilions between 1980 and 1985. Differences in biomass and composition of pastures grazed separately by kangaroos and by a mixture of sheep and kangaroos were minor. Pasture biomass ranged from 7 kgha during a drought to 1,100 kgha following high summer rainfall. Overall, biomass average 374 kgha with a slandard deviation among years of 302 kgha. Pasture biomass fluctuated markedly among calendar seasons and years in response to erratic rainfall and grazing. I-Iigh

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Brazendale, R., J. R. Bryant, M. G. Lambert, C. W. Holmes, and T. J. Fraser. "Pasture persistence: how much is it worth?" NZGA: Research and Practice Series 15 (January 1, 2011): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.15.2011.3213.

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The farm system model, Farmax Dairy Pro, was used to evaluate the impact of new pastures on dairy farm profitability, assuming a range of pasture yields and qualities, and different levels of persistence in the new pastures, which were established on 10% of the farm annually. Scenarios were tested for Waikato, Taranaki, Canterbury and Southland dairy farm systems. Assuming a $6.50/kg MS milk payment and a response to pasture renewal of 10% in dry matter yield and a 0.6 MJ ME/kg DM increase in quality, increasing persistence from 4 years up to 8 years was modelled to increase dairy farm profita

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Grekul, Chad W., and Edward W. Bork. "Herbage Yield Losses in Perennial Pasture Due to Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)." Weed Technology 18, no. 3 (2004): 784–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-03-196r.

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Although the impact of Canada thistle (CT) on annual crop production is relatively well established, few investigations report on this weed's impact within perennial pastures. This field study assessed herbage yield losses within eight central Alberta pastures from 1999 to 2001. Each pasture was sampled in 1999 to quantify thistle and herbage biomass within 25 permanent plots. CT was controlled in 2000 and the response of vegetation measured in 2000 and 2001. Before removal, significant negative relationships (P < 0.05) between thistle abundance and herbage were noted at six sites. After th

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14

Stevens, D. R., and I. D. Corson. "Effects of fresh forage quality on feed intake and live weight gain of red deer in spring." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 77 (January 1, 2015): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2015.77.495.

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Changes in voluntary feed intake (VFI) and average daily gain (ADG) of 10- to 12-month-old male red deer (Cervus elaphus) in response to a range of pasture morphological development stages of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) pasture in spring were investigated. An intake study in November 2000 tested responses to pastures spelled for 6, 8 or 10 weeks in a combined indoor/outdoor comparison over two weeks. This was followed by a 5 week grazing study which compared 3, 5 or 7 week spelling periods during November and December in 2001. Pasture spelled f

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15

Cowan, RT, KF Lowe, PC Upton, and TM Bowdler. "Nitrogen-fertilised grass in a subtropical dairy system 3. Effect of stocking rate on the response to nitrogen fertiliser." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 2 (1995): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950145.

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Two stocking rates, one as practised on farms (2 cows/ha) and the other 50% higher, were assessed for effect on pasture and milk yield response to applied nitrogen (N) fertiliser (0-600 kg N/ha. year) for Holstein-~Friesian cows grazing Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) cv. Callide pastures. Pastures were grazed in combination with grazing oats for winter, with overall farm stocking rates of 1.17 and 1.37 cows/ha for ' the 2 treatments. Cows were maintained on these areas for 3 years. Cracked grain was given at 0.8 t/cow. year, and hay or silage supplements were given when green grass yield was &l

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16

CHEN, G., G. D. LI, M. K. CONYERS, and B. R. CULLIS. "LONG-TERM LIMING REGIME INCREASES PRIME LAMB PRODUCTION ON ACID SOILS." Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 2 (2009): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479708007497.

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SUMMARYPrime lamb live weight response to lime application on pasture was measured in a grazing experiment in the high rainfall zone of the southwestern slopes of New South Wales, Australia. The pastures were limed every 6 years over 15 years. First cross South African Meat Merino lambs were used as test animals. Pre- and post-grazing pasture dry matter (DM) yield, botanical composition, feed quality and lamb live weight were monitored over 12 weeks in 2007. Results showed that liming significantly increased pasture DM yield of high quality species and improved overall pasture quality due to i

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17

Shakhane, L. M., C. Mulcahy, J. M. Scott, G. N. Hinch, G. E. Donald, and D. F. Mackay. "Pasture herbage mass, quality and growth in response to three whole-farmlet management systems." Animal Production Science 53, no. 8 (2013): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12262.

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The effects of different whole-farm management systems were explored in a farmlet trial on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, between July 2000 and December 2006. The three systems examined were first, a moderate input farmlet with flexible grazing on eight paddocks considered ‘typical’ of the region (farmlet B), a second, also with flexible grazing on eight paddocks but with a high level of pasture renovation and increased soil fertility (farmlet A) and a third with the same moderate level of inputs as farmlet B but which practised intensive rotational grazing on 37 paddoc

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18

Parish, Roberta, and Roy Turkington. "The influence of dung pats and molehills on pasture composition." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 8 (1990): 1698–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-218.

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The abundance and distribution of plant species, molehills, and dung pats were surveyed on eight occasions over 26 months in three adjacent pastures of different age. There were few features related to pasture age, but each pasture had a different disturbance regime. Dung deposition and molehill distribution usually fitted Poisson and negative binomial distributions, respectively. The abundance of some species responded to current disturbances, e.g., Trifolium repens, and others to disturbances in the previous season, e.g., Lolium perenne. Holcus lanatus abundance declined in areas of high dis

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19

Latta, R. A., and A. Lyons. "The performance of lucerne - wheat rotations on Western Australian duplex soils." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 3 (2006): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04016.

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In field experiments on duplex soils in the south-eastern and central Western Australian wheatbelt, lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) was compared with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) in pasture–crop rotations. Comparative pasture plant densities and biomass, soil water content, available soil nitrogen, wheat grain yield, and protein content were measured during 2 and 3 years of pasture followed by 2 and 1 year of wheat, respectively. Lucerne densities declined by 60–90% over the 3-year pasture phase but produced up to 3 times more total annual biomass than weed-dominant annual past

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Alemu, Aklilu, Roland Kröbel, Brian McConkey, and Alan Iwaasa. "Effect of Increasing Species Diversity and Grazing Management on Pasture Productivity, Animal Performance, and Soil Carbon Sequestration of Re-Established Pasture in Canadian Prairie." Animals 9, no. 4 (2019): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9040127.

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The objective of the study was to determine the effect of type of pasture mix and grazing management on pasture productivity, animal response and soil organic carbon (SOC) level. Pasture was established in 2001 on 16 paddocks of 2.1 ha that had been primarily in wheat and summer fallow. Treatments consisted of a completely randomized experimental design with two replicates: two pasture mixes (7-species (7-mix) and 12-species (12-mix)) and two grazing systems (continuous grazing (CG) and deferred-rotational grazing (DRG)). Pasture was stocked with commercial yearling Angus steers (Bos Taurus, 3

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Wolfe, E. C., J. A. Paul, and P. D. Cregan. "Monitoring ley pastures and their response to winter cleaning." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 8 (2006): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04074.

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The purposes of this study were to evaluate subterranean clover-based leys on farms and in experiments using several pasture parameters, and to assess the impact of winter cleaning on the productivity and botanical composition of clover swards. Annual pastures were monitored on a group of 5 farms in the Wagga district and compared with an experimental subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) pasture. The major problem in the farm paddocks was a lack of legume biomass due to poor legume densities, a consequence of the use of the soft-seeded cultivar Woogenellup and a high content of gras

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Calvano, Maria Paula Cavuto Abrão, Valéria Pacheco Batista Euclides, Denise Baptaglin Montagner, et al. "Tillering and forage accumulation in Marandu grass under different grazing intensities." Revista Ceres 58, no. 6 (2011): 781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-737x2011000600015.

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Studies of plant responses to defoliation are important to develop pasture management strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the population density of basal, aerial and reproductive tillers, tiller appearance and mortality rates, forage accumulation and sward structure in Marandu grass pastures under different grazing intensities. The experimental period was from January to June 2006, divided in three seasons: summer, autumn and winter. The pastures were continuously grazed using variable stocking rates. The grazing intensities corresponded to 15, 30 and 45 cm of sward height.

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McCartney, D. H., S. Bittman, P. R. Horton, J. Waddington, and W. F. Nuttall. "Uptake of N, P and S in fertilized pasture herbage and herbage yield response to fertilizer as affected by soil nutrients." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78, no. 1 (1998): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s97-007.

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Uptake of N, P and S nutrients in the herbage of different pasture species were determined at eight sites within pastures located on Luvisolic soils in northeastern Saskatchewan, Canada. Also, the nutrient status of the soil was related to herbage yield response to N, P and S fertilizers. Soil tests would be used to establish the initial response to ferilizer and thereafter, nutrients removed from the soil could be replaced by fertilizer. Experiments in the study included one site with bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and alfalfa (Medicago media Pers.), six sites on a pasture mixture (Bromus

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WALKER, R. G., T. M. DAVISON, W. N. ORR, and B. A. SILVER. "Phosphorus fertilizer for nitrogen-fertilized dairy pastures. 3. Milk responses to a dietary phosphorus supplement." Journal of Agricultural Science 129, no. 2 (1997): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859697004656.

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Dairy cows grazing a tropical grass pasture fertilized with 300 kg N/ha and with a 7-year history of phosphorus fertilizer at either 0 or 45 kg P/ha were given a P supplement in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment at Kairi Research Station, Queensland, Australia. Milk yield, fat-corrected milk yield, yields of milk fat, protein and lactose, and protein content of milk were increased (P<0·05) with P fertilizer. There was no response in milk yield or any component of milk to the provision of a P supplement. It is concluded that the milk response recorded in this experiment was due to P fertilizer le

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Gillingham, A. G., G. W. Sheath, M. H. Gray, and R. W. Webby. "Management and nitrogen fertiliser options for increased pasture productivity in dryland hill systems." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 11 (January 1, 2003): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.11.2003.3002.

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Legume productivity in dryland pastures is often less than 10% of the total annual growth and dominated by annual species. White clover content of these pastures is often less than 5% because the period of potentially most active growth coincides with that of low soil moisture levels. Therefore variations in summer rainfall have a dominant effect on the white clover content of the pasture in the following spring. Predictive relationships for white clover content are presented. Attempts to introduce alternative legumes into dryland hill pastures have generally been unsuccessful because of the h

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Leech, Fiona J., Alan E. Richardson, Michael A. Kertesz, Beverley A. Orchard, Samiran Banerjee, and Phillip Graham. "Comparative effect of alternative fertilisers on pasture production, soil properties and soil microbial community structure." Crop and Pasture Science 70, no. 12 (2019): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19018.

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Different fertiliser products are commonly promoted for use on pastures in order to improve pasture productivity and support a more ‘healthy’ soil microbial environment. However, minimal field research has been conducted to validate such claims. A 6-year study (2009–14) was conducted on phosphorus (P)-deficient soils at three sites near Yass, New South Wales, to investigate the effect of topdressing perennial native-based pastures with a range of alternative fertilisers compared with single superphosphate and an unfertilised control treatment. The alternative fertiliser products included manur

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DEL PINO, A., T. RODRÍGUEZ, and J. ANDIÓN. "Production improvement through phosphorus fertilization and legume introduction in grazed native pastures of Uruguay." Journal of Agricultural Science 154, no. 2 (2015): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185961500101x.

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SUMMARYThe objective of the current study was to quantify the response of pasture to phosphorus (P) fertilizer application and legume introduction, by measuring herbage yield, nitrogen (N) and P content, and weight gain of calves in native pastures of Uruguay. Quantitative relationships between pasture characteristics and post-weaning daily live weight gain (DLWG) were also examined. The treatments studied were native grassland (NG) and improved pasture, oversown withLotus corniculatusL. andTrifolium repensL. with annual applications of either 13 and 26 kg P/ha. From 1996 to 2001 the treatment

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Swan, A. D., M. B. Peoples, R. C. Hayes, et al. "Farmer experience with perennial pastures in the mixed farming areas of southern New South Wales: on-farm participatory research investigating pasture establishment with cover-cropping." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 10 (2014): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13448.

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In 2009, 95 farmers in the mixed farming zone of southern New South Wales (NSW), average annual rainfall 450–700 mm, were surveyed about their use of perennial pasture species. Survey responses indicated that, on average, 52% of land was under crop, 29% contained perennial pasture and 19% annual pastures. The proportion of land sown to perennial pastures and the species used differed with rainfall. Farmers identified concerns about the cost of establishment and poor survival of perennial pasture species as constraints to wider adoption. The survey also revealed that cover-cropping (sowing past

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Smith, Rowan W., Mick Statham, Tony W. Norton, et al. "Effects of wildlife grazing on the production, ground cover and plant species composition of an established perennial pasture in the Midlands region, Tasmania." Wildlife Research 39, no. 2 (2012): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11032.

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Context Management of grazing wildlife on private land in Tasmania is a contentious issue for landowners, animal-welfare groups and the Tasmanian Government. Wildlife species known to graze pasture include Tasmanian pademelon (Thylogale billardierii), Bennett’s wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus), forester kangaroo (Macropus giganteus), brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and fallow deer (Dama dama). Understanding the spatio-temporal patterns of wildlife grazing is important when considering wildlife-control options to mitigate pasture loss; however, limited research has been under

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Cayley, J. W. D., M. C. Hannah, G. A. Kearney, and S. G. Clark. "Effects of phosphorus fertiliser and rate of stocking on the seasonal pasture production of perennial ryegrass-subterranean clover pasture." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 2 (1998): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97113.

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The response of pastures based on Lolium perenne L. and Trifolium subterraneum L. to single superphosphate was assessed at Hamilton, Victoria, by measuring the growth of pastures during winter, spring, and summer over 7 years from 1979 to 1987. The seasons were defined by the pattern of pasture production, rather than by calendar months. Winter was the period of constant growth rate following the autumn rain; spring was the period of accelerating growth rate until growth rate changed abruptly following the onset of dry summer weather. Pastures were grazed with sheep at a low, medium, or high g

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Cayley, J. W. D., M. C. Hannah, G. A. Kearney, and S. G. Clark. "Corrigendum to: Effects of phosphorus fertiliser and rate of stocking on the seasonal pasture production of perennial ryegrass-subterranean clover pasture." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, no. 12 (2002): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar97113_co.

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The response of pastures based on Lolium perenne L. and Trifolium subterraneum L. to single superphosphate was assessed at Hamilton, Victoria, by measuring the growth of pastures during winter, spring, and summer over 7 years from 1979 to 1987. The seasons were defined by the pattern of pasture production, rather than by calendar months. Winter was the period of constant growth rate following the autumn rain; spring was the period of accelerating growth rate until growth rate changed abruptly following the onset of dry summer weather. Pastures were grazed with sheep at a low, medium, or high g

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Antoniel, Laísa S., Giuliani do Prado, Adriano C. Tinos, Gabriel A. Beltrame, João V. C. de Almeida, and Gustavo P. Cuco. "Pasture production under different irrigation depths." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 20, no. 6 (2016): 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n6p539-544.

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ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the production of two pasture species, Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã and Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, under different irrigation depths. The experiment was carried out from May to December 2014, at the State University of Maringá, in the municipality of Cidade Gaúcha-PR, Brazil. The experiment was set out in a strip-plot design, with four replicates, six irrigation depths in the plot and two pasture species in the subplot. Irrigation depths were represented by a percentage of reference evapotranspiration (ET0), which was estimated by the Penman-Montei

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Chapman, D. F., A. J. Parsons, and S. Schwinning. "Management of clover in grazed pastures: expectations, limitations and opportunities." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 6 (January 1, 1996): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.6.1995.3378.

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The value of white clover as a component of New Zealand pastures is undeniable, but it is also widely recognised that clover has limitations as a pasture plant and that these can lead to inefficiencies in the performance of grass/clover associations. This paper identifies some of the limitations to optimising the contribution of clover in complex soil/pasture/animal systems, within the context of the expectations commonly held of clover. Limitations to exploiting the greater digestive efficiency and short-term intake rate of clover compared to grass when they are grown in a mixture include ani

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Armstrong, RD, KR Helyar, and EK Christie. "Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in semi-arid pastures of south-west Queensland and their effect on growth responses to phosphorus fertilizers by grasses." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 5 (1992): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9921143.

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Field and controlled environment studies were undertaken to determine the seasonal variation in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) propagules under different types of vegetation in the mulga (Acacia aneura) shrublands of south-western Queensland and how inoculation with VAM affects the growth and response to phosphorus fertilizers of several grasses common to this region. A most probable number (MPN) technique was used to estimate the number of viable VAM propagules under mulga shrubland and native pasture. There was a pronounced rise in MPN at a native pasture site from June to November,

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Bolland, M. D. A., and I. F. Guthridge. "Responses of intensively grazed dairy pastures to applications of fertiliser nitrogen in south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 8 (2007): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06014.

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For the first time, we quantified pasture dry matter (DM) responses to applied fertiliser nitrogen (N) for intensively grazed, rain-fed, dairy pastures on sandy soils common in the Mediterranean-type climate of south-western Australia. The pastures are composed of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and annual and Italian ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud. and L. multiflorum Lam.). Six rates of N, as urea (46% N), were applied to 15 m by 15 m plots four times during 2002 and after each of the first 5–7 grazings in 2003 and 2004, throughout the typical April–October growing season. Tota

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Clark, S. G., E. A. Austen, T. Prance, and P. D. Ball. "Climate variability effects on simulated pasture and animal production in the perennial pasture zone of south-eastern Australia.1. Between year variability in pasture and animal production." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 10 (2003): 1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02101.

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Climate variability is a major constraint to farming in south-eastern Australia and one that is out of the farmers' control. However, a better understanding of long-term climate variability would be beneficial for on-farm management decisions. A series of long-term simulations were undertaken with the GrassGro decision support tool to determine the effect of climate variability on pasture and animal production at 6 locations in south-eastern Australia. The simulations ran from 89 to 119 years using daily weather records from each location. All simulations were for spring-lambing flocks of medi

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Zanine, A. M., G. P. R. Motta, D. J. Ferreira, et al. "Milk performance and grazing behaviour of dairy cows in response to pasture allowance." Animal Production Science 59, no. 4 (2019): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17513.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pasture allowances on forage production, milk yield and composition, and grazing behaviour of Holstein cows during autumn. Thirty-six Holstein cows calving in the autumn were allocated to blocks considering: calving date, bodyweight, and body score. Treatments consisted of three pasture allowances as follows: high (HA; 38.4 kg DM/cow.day), medium (MA; 30.3 kg DM/cow.day), and low (LA; 26.8 kg DM/cow.day) pasture allowances. Forage mass and forage height pre-grazing were similar (P &gt; 0.05) for all grazing targets. Pasture-use efficiency was aff

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Jakobsson, Simon, Heather Wood, Johan Ekroos, and Regina Lindborg. "Contrasting multi-taxa functional diversity patterns along vegetation structure gradients of woody pastures." Biodiversity and Conservation 29, no. 13 (2020): 3551–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-020-02037-y.

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Abstract Woody pastures represent keystone habitats for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, contributing to increased resource availability, landscape heterogeneity and structural variability. High taxonomic diversity is closely linked to vegetation structure in woody pastures, but examining functional characteristics of species assemblages can shed more light on the ecological mechanisms driving divergent responses to habitat characteristics and help guide good management practices. To this end, we use a multi-taxa approach to investigate how plant, bat and bird taxonomic and functional

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Tubiello, F. N., J. F. Soussana, and S. M. Howden. "Crop and pasture response to climate change." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 50 (2007): 19686–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701728104.

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Feldhake, Charles M., David M. Glenn, and Donald L. Peterson. "Pasture Soil Surface Temperature Response to Drought." Agronomy Journal 88, no. 4 (1996): 652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800040025x.

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Aarssen, L. W., and Roy Turkington. "Responses to defoliation in Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, and Trifolium repens from three different-aged pastures." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 7 (1987): 1364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-188.

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The effects of defoliation on biomass distribution were studied in plants of Holcus lanatus L., Lolium perenne L., and Trifolium repens L. collected from three different-aged pastures. Individual plants were cloned and ramets from each clone were subjected to clipped and unclipped treatments over a period of 1 year. In the unclipped treatment for each species, plants from the three pastures showed no differences in the extent of clonal growth (i.e., tiller or stolon production). In the clipped treatment, however, plants from the oldest pasture displayed significantly more extensive clonal grow

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Moore, A. D., P. J. Vickery, M. J. Hill, J. R. Donnelly, and G. E. Donald. "Combining satellite data with a simulation model to describe spatial variability in pasture growth at a farm scale." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 3 (1999): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98109.

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Practical application of simulation modelling as a decision aid for grazing system management usually involves an assumption of uniformity of model inputs over a farm paddock or property. In reality, paddocks and farms display high spatial variability in model inputs. There is considerable interest in assessing the significance of this spatial variablity for anmal production and enterprise profitability. This study seeks to demonstrate the use of spatial data with the GRAZPLAN pasture model to provide estimates of annual net primary production from pastures at a farm scale on the Northern Tabl

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Štýbnarová, Marie, Josef Hakl, Pavlína Mičová, et al. "Species Diversity and Botanical Composition of Permanent Grassland as a Response to Different Grazing Management Practices." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 4 (2015): 1201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563041201.

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The effects of different levels of grazing utilization (two, three and four grazing cycles per year) and mineral fertilization (nil-fertilization; N100P30K60) on the botanical composition of permanent grasslands were studied in the locality of Rapotín (Czech Republic, 332 m a.s.l.) from 2003–2010. The vegetation of the experimental pasture was classified as Cynosurion. It was found that moderate treatment (three grazing cycles per year) without mineral fertilization showed the highest value of diversity index (DI = 6.08), and maximum dominance of legumes (Dmax = 9.1%), particularly Trifolium r

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Gourley, CJP. "Predicting the responsiveness of pasture to potassium fertiliser in Victoria." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 3 (1989): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890377.

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A quantitative model has been developed from the results of 180 field experiments in Victoria, to estimate pasture responses to rates of potassium fertiliser, where the amount of soil potassium extracted by 0.05 mol/L HCl, soil texture and annual rainfall are known. Available soil potassium accounted for 42% of the variation in pasture responses. Soil texture did not affect the magnitude of the response to applied potassium, but there was an apparent affect of soil texture on the curvature of the response curve. Potassium fertiliser recommendations in Victoria can now be based on the results o

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Behrendt, Karl, Oscar Cacho, James M. Scott, and Randall Jones. "Optimising pasture and grazing management decisions on the Cicerone Project farmlets over variable time horizons." Animal Production Science 53, no. 8 (2013): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11174.

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This study addresses the problem of balancing the trade-offs between the need for animal production, profit, and the goal of achieving persistence of desirable species within grazing systems. The bioeconomic framework applied in this study takes into account the impact of climate risk and the management of pastures and grazing rules on the botanical composition of the pasture resource, a factor that impacts on livestock production and economic returns over time. The framework establishes the links between inputs, the state of the pasture resource and outputs, to identify optimal pasture develo

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Whelan, BR. "Uptake of selenite fertilizer by subterranean clover pasture in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 4 (1989): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890517.

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. Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) based pastures were fertilised with sodium selenite at 9 rates from 0 to 800 g Se/ha on 2 sites in 1983. In order to measure the residual value in 1984 and 1985, further applications of sodium selenite were superimposed on the original 9 treatments. Green pasture was sampled annually, dry pasture was sampled once, only in 1984 and the concentration of selenium in the pasture was measured. The sampled pasture was sorted into 2 components: subterranean clover, and non-subterranean clover. Except for the third site that had a quadratic response for t

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Quirk, M. F., J. J. Bushell, R. J. Jones, R. G. Megarrity, and K. L. Butler. "Live-weight gains on leucaena and native grass pastures after dosing cattle with rumen bacteria capable of degrading DHP, a ruminal metabolite from leucaena." Journal of Agricultural Science 111, no. 1 (1988): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600082976.

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SummaryThe effect on live-weight gain from dosing cattle with rumen bacteria capable of degrading 3-hydroxy-4(l H)-pyridone (DHP) was measured on cattle grazing leucaena and native grass pastures in south-east Queensland. Dosing increased the growth rate of cattle grazing only leucaena pasture: from 0·52 kg/head per day when not dosed, to 1·03 kg/head per day when dosed, in the period 6·19 weeks after treatment. Dosing did not affect the growth rate of cattle either grazing leucaena with native pasture, or grazing only native pasture. The introduced bacteria spread naturally to untreated cattl

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Peoples, M. B., and J. A. Baldock. "Nitrogen dynamics of pastures: nitrogen fixation inputs, the impact of legumes on soil nitrogen fertility, and the contributions of fixed nitrogen to Australian farming systems." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 3 (2001): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99139.

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Experimental estimates of amounts of foliage nitrogen (N) fixed in Australian pastures range from 2 to 284 kg N/ha.year for annual and perennial legumes growing in temperate and tropical environments. Differences in the amounts of N2 fixed relate primarily to the legume content and net productivity of pastures. On average, close to 20–25 kg of shoot N are fixed for every tonne of legume herbage dry matter produced across a wide range of environments. Strategies likely to improve the potential for N2 fixation include: (i) rhizobial inoculation at time of first sowing a new legume species; (ii)

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Strong, W. M., R. C. Dalal, E. J. Weston, et al. "Sustaining productivity of a Vertosol at Warra, Queensland, with fertilisers, no-tillage or legumes. 9. Production and nitrogen benefits from mixed grass and legume pastures in rotation with wheat." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 3 (2006): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05007.

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Reduced supplies of nitrogen (N) in many soils of southern Queensland that were cropped exhaustively with cereals over many decades have been the focus of much research to avoid declines in profitability and sustainability of farming systems. A 45-month period of mixed grass (purple pigeon grass, Setaria incrassata Stapf; Rhodes grass, Chloris gayana Kunth.) and legume (lucerne, Medicago sativa L.; annual medics, M. scutellata L. Mill. and M. truncatula Gaertn.) pasture was one of several options that were compared at a fertility-depleted Vertosol at Warra, southern Queensland, to improve grai

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DAVISON, T. M., W. N. ORR, B. A. SILVER, R. G. WALKER, and F. DUNCALFE. "Phosphorus fertilizer for nitrogen fertilized dairy pastures. 1. Long term effects on pasture, diet and soil." Journal of Agricultural Science 129, no. 2 (1997): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859697004632.

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The phosphorus fertilizer requirements and long term productivity of nitrogen-fertilized Gatton panic (Panicum maximum cv. Gatton) pastures, grazed by lactating dairy cows, were evaluated over 7 years. Cows grazed at 2·6 cows/ha on pastures that received annually 100 or 300 kg N/ha at each of 0, 22·5 or 45 kg P/ha. Phosphorus treatments were applied as single superphosphate, balanced for calcium by applications of gypsum.The soil had an initial available soil phosphorus content of 40 mg/kg (bicarbonate extraction). At zero P fertilizer (0P), extractable soil P declined at the rate of 1·9 mg/kg

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