Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pâte à papier – Industrie – Coût'
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Vaillancourt, Samuel. "Productivité et le rôle des prix des intrants dans le secteur des pâtes et papiers." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28115/28115.pdf.
Full textRahimi, Ali. "Selection of Wood Supply Contracts to Reduce Cost in the Presence of Risks in Procurement Planning." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66765.
Full textProcurement activities in the pulp and paper industry account for an important part of the overall supply chain cost. Procurement decision-makers plan for the required wood supply up to one year in advance to guarantee the supply volume for the continuous production process at their mill. Regular, flexible and option contracts with suppliers in different groups are available. Suppliers are grouped based on common characteristics such as forestland ownership. However, during the execution of the plan, sourcing risks affect procurement operations. If risks are not integrated into the procurement planning process, mitigating their impact is likely to be expensive and complicated. Additional expensive ad hoc contracts might be required to compensate for the lack of deliveries. To tackle this problem, the first project of this thesis demonstrates the development of a deterministic mathematical model of procurement operations. The objective of the model is to propose an annual procurement plan to minimize the total cost of procurement operations. The operations are subject to constraints such as the minimum share of supply for each group of suppliers, inventory target levels, demand, woodyard capacity, and chipping process capacity. The decisions are related to the selection of sourcing contracts, woodyards opening, and wood supply flow. In the second project, an evaluation of the procurement plan from the deterministic model from project one is performed by using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. Three different strategies are compared as fixed, flexible, and a mix of both contracts. The simulation approach in this project evaluates the performance of the plan by the expected value and variability of the total cost when the plan is executed during the planning horizon. In the third project, a two-stage stochastic programming approach is used to provide a reliable procurement plan. The objective of the model is to minimize the expected cost of the procurement plan in the presence of different scenarios generated based on sourcing risks. First-stage decisions are the selection of contracts in the first period and the opening of woodyards. Second-stage decisions concern the selection of contracts starting after the first period, flow, inventory, and chipping process production. The case study used in this thesis was inspired by Domtar, which is a pulp and paper company located in Quebec, Canada. The results of three projects in this doctoral dissertation support decision-makers to reduce the human limitation in performing complicated procurement planning. The developed mathematical models provide a basis to evaluate the selected procurement strategy. This task is nearly impossible with current approaches in the company, as the evaluations require the formulation of v sourcing risks. The stochastic programming approach shows better financial results comparing to deterministic planning, with low variability in mitigating the impact of risks.
Adès, Julie. "L'impact du cadre réglementaire fédéral de réduction d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 2007 sur les choix des sources d'énergie de l'industrie québécoise des pâtes et papiers." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26836/26836.pdf.
Full textChaussy, Didier. "Contribution à l'étude du raffinage des pâtes à papier." Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0016.
Full textWeigel, Glenn. "A strategic planning model for maximizing value creation in pulp and paper mills." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22655/22655.pdf.
Full textThe Canadian pulp and paper industry is facing several important challenges. One of these challenges is to find new ways of improving value creation throughout the value chain while manufacturing high quality products from raw materials with inherently variable properties. This challenge can be addressed using two parallel strategies. The first of these involves managing the flow of materials through the value chain in such a way that fibre grades are directed to the processes and end-products to which they are best suited. The second involves tailoring the end-product range to take maximum advantage of existing market conditions and fibre resource properties. Operating simultaneously, these strategies ensure the profits generated from the available fibre resources are maximized. This thesis presents a strategic planning model which provides a mathematical framework for developing these strategies. The model uses customer demand and market value to determine how strongly each end-product is pulled through the value chain, and raw material availability and cost, together with established relationships between fibre properties and pulp and paper properties, to determine how various fibre grades are utilized. The model itself is a large mixed-integer program which was implemented using ILOG OPL Studio 3.7 with ILOG CPLEX 9.0 as solver. A test case was developed based on a realistic integrated pulp and paper mill, and the model was validated using a series of example scenarios. The results show that the model is valid, that it can be used to identify strategies for significantly improving value creation, and that it can be solved quickly enough to allow its expansion to a production network environment.
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Lecourt, Michael. "Etude de la réduction de la consommation énergétique du raffinage des pâtes chimique par traitement enzymatique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX1A084.
Full textTo produce papers matching with the requirements of paper machines and customers , it is of of the utmost importance to refine bleached chemical pulps. This stage allows modifying the morphological characteristics of fibres, to improve the paper formation and to develop the mechanical resistance of paper. The refining requires up to 30 % of the total energy consumption of a paper mill. Consequently, it is a key issue to look for solutions aiming at reducing the energy bill of this post. In this context, the addition of enzymes in the process could be one of these environmentally friendly solutions. The enzymes chosen, introduced before refining, have a specific action on the fibre wall chemid ll components of bleached kraft pulps which have been obtained from a mix of softwood or fram Brazilian eucalyptus. Results of introducing the enzyme allowed assessment and quantification of the impact of the enzyme treatment on fibre compounds organization and praperties. The consequences of the enzyme treatment differed from an enzyme to another one. Enzymes presenting an activity cellobiohydrolase, xylanase or mannanase had limited effects. Changes were too narrow to be noticed. Xylanase treatment only resulted in an improvement in pulp brightness. Cellulases presenting major endoglucanase activity opened the structure of fibres, increasing the proportion of linked water in the wall and the tensile strength of paper. Observations with electron microscopy coupled with immunolabelling technique showed the penetration of this enzyme through the fibre wall. Nevertheless, in the case of softwood pulp, fibre length dropped. The optimization of the enzyme amount and the mechanical treatment through a reduction of the refining intensity, reduced tear strength losses. In these conditions, if a reduction of 10 % of tensile strength and 13 % of tear strength can be tolerated, 40 % of refining energy could be saved. Ln the case of eucalyptus pulp, endoglucanases generated the most important effects with an improvement of the paper resistance and a better drainage. With an optimizedenzymatic refining, it became possible to reduce the energy consumption by 45 % to reach 4km of breaking length, while maintaining high levels in the other relevant parameters
Ravalason, Holy. "Développement de nouveaux outils fongiques respectueux de l'environnement (écoprocédés) pour la production de pâtes chimiques blanchies de résineux." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11017.
Full textBiotechnologies can be applied to paper industry as an alternative to chemical processes for pulp and paper production. In this work advances in genomic and protein engineering were used to improve biotechnological processes applied to chemical pulps production and bleaching. In the first part of this work, the Phanerochaete chrysosporium secretome, grown on softwood chips under biopulping conditions was analysed. A proteomic approach was chosen, using the P. Chrysosporium genome. Proteomic analysis revealed the production of several enzymes involved in wood biodegradation. The secretion of some of the identified enzymes was demonstrated for the first time. Biotreated wood chips were further submitted to kraft cooking and chlorine dioxide bleaching. Fungal treatment led to an increase of pulp yield, as well as an increase of pulp final brightness and a decrease in chlorine dioxide consumption. These effects could be partially explained by the production of specific wood-degrading enzymes. In the second part, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus laccase was fused to a fungal carbohydrate binding module (CBM). The laccase-CBM was produced in Aspergillus niger, and binding capabilities of the enzyme on a cellulosic substrate and on softwood kraft pulp fibers were evaluated. Laccase-CBM and P. Cinnabarinus laccase were compared for their softwood kraft pulp biobleaching potential, in the presence of a redox mediator (hydroxybenzotriazole). The presence of the CBM could improve pulp biodelignification with laccase, leading to a decrease in the enzymatic charge, an increase of pulp final brightness, a decrease in chlorine dioxide consumption and a preservation of pulp mechanical properties. Microscopic examinations revealed a penetration of the laccase-CBM in the fiber wall, and retention of the enzyme inside the pulp fibers at the end of the enzymatic treatment
Lasry, Taoufiq. "Etude de l'ozonation comme moyen de délignification par l'analyse des produits d'ozonation de lignocellulose de peuplier et de composés modèles." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT026G.
Full textBonnevie, Xavier. "Etude d'un procédé alcalin de fabrication de pâte à papier à partir de plantes annuelles et du blanchiment de ces pâtes sans chlore ni composés chlorés. Utilisation de l'ozone et des peroxydes." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT012G.
Full textHailu, Atakelty Gebremedihen. "Environmentally sensitive analysis of economic performance, productivity and efficiency in the Canadian pulp and paper industry, 1959-1994." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ34772.pdf.
Full textEuphrosine-Moy, Valérie. "Modélisation de la dégradation de la lignine par l'ozone en lit fixe, en système triphasique." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT017G.
Full textPetit, Luc. "Etude de la corrosion d'alliages de fer et de nickel par les mélanges Na2SO4, Na2CO3, NaCl et Na2CO3, Na2S, Na2SO4, NaCl entre 300oC et 900oC : application aux chaudières de récupération (procédé KRAFT)." Grenoble INPG, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPG0119.
Full textAlonso, Gutiérrez Maria de la Soledad. "Valorisation de la bagasse de l'agave tequilana W. Cv azul : caractérisation, étude de la digestibilité et de la fermentation des sucres." Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000185/.
Full textThe agro-industrial Agave tequilana bagasse byproduct from the tequila industry, was physical and chemical characterized. The physical characteristics indicated that these residues to be composed of heterogeneous fibrous and not fibrous organic material in form of fines particles. The chemical analysis show a content in cellulose of 43 %, lignin 15%, hemicelluloses 19 %, total nitrogen matter 3%, pectin 1 %, fatty 1 %, reducing sugar 5-10 % and ashes 6 %. In accord with these results we studied the different proceeding of valorization: Sugar free was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produced ethanol (7,2 g/L); hemicellulosic hydrolyzed obtained by acid hydrolysis (H2SO4, HCl, 0. 1-1N 95°C) was fermented by Pachysolen tannophilus to produce ethanol (10 g/L) and xylitol (2. 9 g/L); alkaline extraction (NaOH 5 %) of hemicelluloses for paper production; chemical (NaOH, Ca(OH)2, NH4OH) and biologic (Phanerochaete crysosporium) pretreatment to increase bagasse's digestibility
Saunier, Loïc J. "Fractionnement de liqueurs noires de procédés papetiers alcalins à partir de pailles de céréales : extraction et caractérisation de lignines." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT056G.
Full textCogo, Eric. "Optimisation du stade d'ozonation de la pâte à papier kraft en vue de son intégration dans une séquence de blanchiment sans chlore." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT013G.
Full textXu, Jian. "Recherche de procédés sélectifs de blanchiment sans chlore de la pâte à papier Kraft : contribution à l'amélioration du stade d'ozonation en présence d'additifs organiques." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT069G.
Full textBayle, Sylvie. "Etude de suspensions hétérogènes pour le contrôle d'un procédé papetier : dimensions et propriétés optiques de la matière : des paramètres discriminants." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20220.
Full textLévesque, Johanne. "Absentéisme et satisfaction au travail dans le secteur industriel des pâtes et papiers au Québec (1984-1985)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60777.pdf.
Full textManolas, Christos. "Fractionnement du sorgho à fibre. Extraction et caractérisation des hémicelluloses de la moe͏̈lle. Etude des matériaux composites." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT040G.
Full textBaya-Laffite, Nicolas. "Gouverner par la promesse du développement durable : évaluation d'impact environnemental et meilleures techniques disponibles dans le conflit des usines de pâte à papier sur le fleuve Uruguay." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0078.
Full textWhat does it imply to govern through the concept of sustainable development the sitting of polluting industries in developing countries? To answer this question, the thesis traces, in an STS approach, a history of the govemment of the globalization of the paper industry since the 1980s. The inquiry focuses on the instruments to achieve the promise of sustainable development, including environmental impact assessment and the best available techniques. Building on the narrative as a methodology adapted to the analysis of collective action, the thesis follows the trajectories of the controversies about manufacturing technologies of pulp and their impacts on the environment, from their origins in Europe and the United States to the banks of the River Uruguay. The case of pulp mills on the River Uruguay in the 2000s offers the opportunity to study the confiieting confluence of larger trajectories: the globalization of the paper industry, the forestry development in Uruguay, the conflict between Uruguay and Argentina around the good government of the River Uruguay and the approach of the International Court of Justice to the resolution of environmental disputes. Thus, starting from this récent case of a rare richness, the thesis offers an original analysis, focused on the structural constraints, of struggles that unfold in a large number of local, national, international and transnational arenas around controversial projects and in the light of that empty political signifier they seek substantiate : sustainable development
Tremblay, Gervais. "Profil sociodémographique des travailleurs de la compagnie Price de Kénogami : 1912-1942." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ37787.pdf.
Full textHerpoël-Gimbert, Isabelle. "Maîtrise de la production et de la mise en oeuvre d'enzymes ligninolytiques fongiques dans le domaine papetier." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11004.
Full textKham, Long. "Péroxyacides organiques et péroxydes dans la délignification et la décoloration de fibres cellulosiques." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30101.
Full textMachani, Mahdi. "Approches d'aide à la décision pour une transformation efficace de l'industrie forestière au Canada : cas des compagnies de pâtes et papiers." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25420.
Full textRousselle-Manuel, Christine. "Modélisation du mécanisme de raffinage des pâtes à papier et étude de nouveaux paramètres géométriques liés aux plaques." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0079.
Full textAgut, Philippe. "Valorisation des bois feuillus en mélange : possibilités de préparation de pâtes chimiques à haut rendement pour papiers impression-écriture." Grenoble INPG, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPG0084.
Full textPrieur, Benjamin. "Modified lignin as flame retardant for polymeric materials." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10083/document.
Full textThe aim of this PhD is to contribute to the valorization of lignin, an abundant byproduct of pulping industry by using it as flame retardant (FR) additive for polymeric materials. First, phosphorylation of lignin was undertaken. According to structural characterization, phosphorus was found to be covalently bonded to lignin. As a consequence, the thermal stability of lignin was enhanced as well as the char yield. Based on these results, both neat and phosphorylated lignin were incorporated in several polymers in order to assess their FR performance and the influence of phosphorus. Promising results were especially obtained in polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). Then FR performance of formulations combining lignins and other additives was discussed. A large screening using lignin as FR additive in PLA and ABS was therefore achieved. The system considering phosphorylated lignin in ABS was finally investigated in detail. FR performance as well as thermal degradation were deeply studied. Lignin produces a char when exposed to a flame or a heat source which acts as a physical layer by mainly limiting mass transfers between the burning polymer and the flame. The char produced by phosphorylated lignin demonstrated a higher efficiency, thus leading to enhanced FR properties. Phosphorus was indeed active in the condensed phase, promoting the char formation and leading to structures which stabilize the char. The mode of action of lignin and phosphorylated lignin as flame retardant additive in ABS was elucidated
Thibault, Pierre. "La dynamique de la négociation collective lors d'une restructuration d'entreprise : le cas de l'usine Stadacona de Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26062.
Full textBassompierre, Cindy. "Procédé à boues activées pour le traitement d'effluents papetiers : de la conception d'un pilote à la validation de modèles." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130907.
Full textBen, Daya Bechir. "Planification soutenable des investissements bioénergétiques : intégration des bioraffineries aux pâtes et papiers." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30335.
Full textThe Canadian pulp and paper sector has played a major socio-economic role in the last two centuries. In addition to the advantage of their geographical position, P&P companies have accumulated proven experience in the forest industry, including the treatment of wood biomass. Over the last three decades, these entities have faced difficult environmental constraints, compounded by a chronic market crisis. This latest crisis has had unprecedented social consequences leading to a crisis of sustainability. Over the last decade, the green energy industry has become a basic component of the energy transition strategies for developed countries. Biomass has always been at the heart of such a strategy for Canada. For the P&P, this orientation is an opportunity to solve the growing environmental and economic crisis of the sector. Decision-makers need a road map to transform P&P's factories into an Integrated Forest Biorefinery (IFBR). The choice of technologies, the sizing of production capacity and the choice of bioenergy investment are major concerns for decision-makers. However, assessing the sustainability of this transformation remains a major challenge. Our contribution is focused on developing decision support approaches and tools to support an effective, robust and sustainable transformation of Canada's P&P industry. The objective is to assess the sustainability of the IFBR integration and to present a new business model to decision-makers, which can strengthen their ability to negotiate a favorable incentive policy for bioenergy investments within the framework of the public-private partnership. To achieve this goal, our methodology combines decision support tools, mathematical optimization models, along with financial and economic analysis. Our first contribution proposes the design and application of a sustainability evaluation method integrating the life cycle approach and the optimization of the value creation network as part of a multi-objective mathematical model. The proposed model provides a roadmap for sustainable bioenergy investments, minimizing GHG emissions and maximizing the financial value of the biorefinery over a long-term planning horizon while ensuring optimal management of the incubator activity. In the second contribution, we present a sensitivity analysis of the proposed mathematical model according to well selected scenarios, with the development of a framework for communicating the model to the decision-makers. The purpose of this analysis is to assess the robustness of the model, to communicate to stakeholders the implications of investment choices in bioenergy production in an uncertain environment, and to identify opportunities for improving the effectiveness of the proposed model. In the third contribution, we propose an in-depth tax analysis using accelerated depreciation methods applied to investments in bioenergy. This analysis deals with the impact of the types of depreciations on the choice of bioenergy investment and on sustainability. Our goal is to provide decision makers with a set of decision support tools while strengthening their power to negotiate a tax policy favorable to bioenergy investment. In this part, it was highlighted that the choice of the investment coupled with the choice of its depreciation way offers the investor a more complete visibility on the practical consequences of the investment in the bioenergetics field with respect to prevalent tax legislation. This reinforces the public-private partnership and determines the level of public interventionism needed for the success of the expected transformation of the P&P sector. The social impact analysis and stochastic programming approaches for the robust study were not addressed by this work, they were presented as research perspectives.
Hamdi, Maher. "Conception de tags d'identification sans puce dans le domaineTHz." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT048/document.
Full textThis thesis work deals with the development of a new generation of low-cost Chipless tags operating in the THz frequency domain, it has been supported by the french national agency for research (ANR-09-VERS-013 « THID » ). It covers a wide area of applications such as the identification and/or unitary authentication of commercial items, identity papers, access control…To manufacture these tags, we proposed to use a periodic stack of dielectric material layers with different refractive index and whose thickness is of the order of the wavelength, commonly known as a one dimensional photonic crystal. The electromagnetic signature of such a structure exhibits photonic bandgaps (PBG), i.e. frequency windows in which light propagation is prohibited. We suggested modifying the periodicity of the crystal to create defect levels (peaks) for example in the 1st PBG to encode binary information. This particular structure allows to precisely tuned an electromagnetic signature. To ensure a mass and cost effective industrialization, we retained basic materials which are widely used in the pulp and paper industry: paper and polyethylene. The choice of these materials, which must combine high index contrast and low absorption, represents the first and a crucial step in this work. We characterize a wide range of materials using classical THz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and we propose two families of tags based on paper and polyethylene. Furthermore, we developed two methods to encode binary information, both based on the absence or presence of peaks in a PBG, peaks whose number and position depend on the introduced defects of periodicity. In a real identification test, a coding capacity of nearly 20-bit has been demonstrated. We also showed that the information contained in the electromagnetic response of these THz tags can be used for other applications related to the unitary authentication and by using the correlation coefficient as criterion for discrimination of the different signatures. Therefore, we evaluate the performance of an authentication test based on this criterion in various analysis domains: time, frequency and time-frequency. We showed that a study of the spectrogram (combining time and frequency representation) is much more relevant than a study in the only time or frequency domain