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Journal articles on the topic 'Patency capsule'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 14 July 2025

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1

Hihara, Yu, Satoru Joshita, Toshiharu Takahashi, Shinji Okaniwa, Yoshiki Mizukami, and Yoshiyuki Nakamura. "A Patency Capsule Remained Intact in the Colon over 210 Hours." Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1201404.

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We present an unusual case of a 35-year-old male patient whom a patency capsule stayed in his gut without breaking. He has a history of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and multiple abdominal surgeries. Prestudy was performed for abdominal searching, but a patency capsule remained in the colon over 9 days. He displayed neither abdominal nor obstructive symptoms in that period. We collected the patency capsule using colonoscopy after dilating a postoperative stricture at an anastomotic site of the rectum. Clinicians should bear in mind that patency capsules may become retained as distally as the colon in patients with a surgical history of the large intestine.

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2

O’Grady, John, Siofra Bennett, Aidan Kaar, et al. "Routine plain film of abdomen in asymptomatic patients with video capsule retention in small bowel-time to change practice?" Mini-invasive Surgery 6 (2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1225.2022.22.

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Aim: Small bowel capsule retention is rare, with a rate of approximately 2%, defined as visible retention on plain film of abdomen (PFA) after 14 days. Currently, PFA is performed if the capsule is not seen to reach the large bowel during recording. Alternatively, for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) capsule studies, the risk of retention is determined if the capsule fails to reach the small bowel during recording. Given the similar physical specifications of the capsules (Medtronic) used, we considered whether 14-day PFA is no longer required for small bowel capsules not observed in the large bowel. Methods: The use of patency capsules in our lab allows careful selection of small bowel capsule studies to minimize the risk of retention. All PFAs performed over a five-year period were reviewed to determine if careful selection and use of patency negate the need for capsule retention PFA screening. Results: In total, 688 small-bowel capsules were performed during the study period, and 3.6% had prior patency capsules. Thirty-one PFAs with a query of capsule retention were performed during the study period on 28 patients. This included 15 females, and the median age was 53.5 years. None of the films demonstrated capsule retention. Conclusion: Our data suggest that 14-day PFA may no longer be required for small bowel capsules not seen to reach the large bowel. Advice regarding symptoms of capsule retention and precaution with magnetic resonance imaging, similar to current UGI capsule advice, may suffice. This may reduce the burden on radiology imaging slots and, in particular, eliminate unnecessary radiation exposure and repeat hospital attendance for patients.

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3

Takeda, Keita, Hiroyuki Tashimo, Kazuko Miyakawa, et al. "Patency Capsule Aspiration." Internal Medicine 59, no. 8 (2020): 1071–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.4012-19.

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4

Mannami, Tomohiko, Genyo Ikeda, Satoru Seno, et al. "Capsule Endoscope Aspiration after Repeated Attempts for Ingesting a Patency Capsule." Case Reports in Gastroenterology 9, no. 3 (2015): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000441382.

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Capsule endoscope aspiration into the respiratory tract is a rare complication of capsule endoscopy. Despite the potential seriousness of this complication, no accepted methods exist to accurately predict and therefore prevent it. We describe the case of an 85-year-old male who presented for evaluation of iron deficiency anemia. He complained of dysphagia while ingesting a patency capsule, with several attempts over a period of 5 min before he was successful. Five days later, he underwent capsule endoscopy, where he experienced similar symptoms in swallowing the capsule. The rest of the examination proceeded uneventfully. On reviewing the captured images, the capsule endoscope was revealed to be aspirated, remaining in the respiratory tract for approximately 220 s before images of the esophagus and stomach appeared. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of a patient who experienced capsule endoscope aspiration after ingestion of a patency capsule. This case suggests that repeated attempts required for ingesting the patency capsule can predict capsule endoscope aspiration. We presume that paying sufficient attention to the symptoms of a patient who ingests a patency capsule could help us prevent serious complications such as aspiration of the capsule endoscope. In addition, this experience implies the potential risk for ingesting the patency capsule. We must be aware that the patency capsule could also be aspirated and there may be more unrecognized aspiration cases.

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5

O'Hara, Fintan John, Conor Costigan, and Deirdre McNamara. "Extended 72-hour patency capsule protocol improves functional patency rates in high-risk patients undergoing capsule endoscopy." World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 16, no. 12 (2024): 661–67. https://doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v16.i12.661.

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BACKGROUND Capsule endoscopy (CE) is a pivotal diagnostic tool for gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, yet capsule retention poses a significant risk, especially in patients with known risk factors. The patency capsule (PC) helps assess the functional patency of the GI tract to mitigate this risk. However, the standard 28-hour protocol for confirming patency often results in high false-positive rates, unnecessarily excluding many patients from undergoing diagnostic CE. AIM To investigate the use of a 72-hour extended patency protocol to improve functional patency rates in patients at risk of capsule retention. METHODS We performed a prospective, open-label study evaluating an extended 72-hour protocol for confirming functional patency with the PC. Conducted over six months, 135 patients with risk factors for capsule retention were enrolled. The primary endpoint was the capsule retention rate in patients with confirmed functional patency. Secondary endpoints included the rates of confirmed patency via self-reporting or radiology, small bowel transit times, and adverse events. RESULTS Functional patency was confirmed in 48.9% (n = 66) of patients within 28 hours, with an additional 17.4% (n = 12) confirmed within 72 hours, increasing the overall patency rate to 57.8%. There was no significant difference in small bowel transit time between patients confirmed for patency at 28 hours vs those confirmed at 72 hours. Importantly, no capsule retention was observed in patients who were confirmed for patency under the extended protocol. Notably, 50% (n = 39) of patients who proceeded to CE had clinically significant findings. CONCLUSION Extending the patency assessment protocol to 72 hours significantly improves the rate of confirmed functional patency without increasing the risk of capsule retention. This protocol is safe, effective, and cost-neutral, allowing more patients to benefit from CE. Further studies are recommended to refine the protocol and enhance its clinical utility.

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6

Kathpalia, Priya, and Aparajita Singh. "Capsule Retention Despite Clearance of Patency Capsule." American Journal of Gastroenterology 110 (October 2015): S466—S467. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-201510001-01074.

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7

Sawai, Katsuji, Takanori Goi, Yumi Takegawa, et al. "Acute Small Bowel Perforation Caused by Obstruction of a Novel Tag-Less AgileTM Patency Capsule." Case Reports in Gastroenterology 12, no. 2 (2018): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000490097.

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A 74-year-old man visited our hospital complaining of abdominal pain. An abdominal computed tomography scan showed multiple wall thickness of the small bowel. Capsule endoscopy was recommended for further evaluation, and patency capsule examination was performed. Eighteen hours after patency capsule ingestion, he experienced small bowel perforation with severe peritonitis caused by intestinal pressure rising because of the patency capsule trapped in his terminal ileum. An ileocolic resection was performed, including the removal of the sclerotic ileum as an emergency surgery. A pathological examination showed transmural inflammation and multiple ulcers with perforation of the small intestine, consistent with Crohn’s disease. Here, we report a rare and valuable case of novel tag-less AgileTM patency capsule (Given Imaging Ltd., Yoqneam, Israel) retention leading to small bowel perforation.

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8

Tanabe, Hiroki, Katsuyoshi Ando, Hironori Ohdaira, et al. "Successful medical treatment for a Crohn’s disease patient with a perforation by a second-generation patency capsule." Endoscopy International Open 06, no. 12 (2018): E1436—E1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0752-9903.

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Abstract Background and study aims Symptomatic capsule retention is a very rare adverse event following patency capsule, and the vast majority of cases are resolved without either surgical or endoscopic intervention. We herein describe a rare case of small bowel perforation after swallowing a patency capsule in a 37-year-old man suspected of having Crohn’s disease.

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9

EVANS, JEFF. "Patency Capsule Ascertains Safety of Deploying Video Capsule." Internal Medicine News 38, no. 6 (2005): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1097-8690(05)70229-8.

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10

Wray, Nicholas, Ailish Healy, Vicky Thurston, et al. "Premature dissolution of the Agile patency device: implications for capsule endoscopy." Frontline Gastroenterology 10, no. 3 (2018): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/flgastro-2018-101112.

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BackgroundThe main risk of capsule endoscopy is retention of the capsule behind a stricture. Passage of an intact Agile patency device (Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) through the small bowel is widely used to ensure luminal patency, although capsule retention has occurred in patients who have had a reassuring patency study. The device is designed to remain intact for at least 30 hours postingestion, such that loss of signal from the radiofrequency identification tag contained within, or absence of the device on radiological imaging, implies unimpeded intestinal transit.AimTo identify the rate of premature dissolution (<30 hours postingestion) of the Agile patency device.MethodsOutcomes of all consecutive patients having an Agile patency device were analysed.ResultsPremature dissolution of the patency device occurred in 5 of 307 patients, an incidence of 1.3%. This was recognised by the detection of a persistent radiofrequency signal after radiological imaging had failed to identify the patency device, prompting a careful search for the radiofrequency tag on the CT scout film. The tag was difficult to detect because of an oblique lie making it appear smaller than its 13×3 mm size and confusion with intra-abdominal or other metallic fragments.ConclusionsIn the absence of radiological evidence of an intact Agile patency device, premature dissolution should be suspected in patients registering a persistent radiofrequency signal and confirmed by identifying the radiofrequency identification tag. Failure to do so might result in false reassurance that capsule endoscopy could be performed without risk of retention.

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11

Silva, Marco, Hélder Cardoso, and Guilherme Macedo. "Patency Capsule Safety in Crohn’s Disease." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 11, no. 10 (2017): 1288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx064.

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12

Gheorghe, Andrada, Denise Carmen Mihaela Zahiu, Theodor Alexandru Voiosu, Bogdan Radu Mateescu, Mihail Radu Voiosu, and Mihai Rimbaş. "Is the use of AGILE patency capsule prior to videocapsule endoscopy useful in all patients with spondyloarthritis?" Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine 55, no. 2 (2017): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjim-2017-0007.

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AbstractBackground and aims. As already known, spondyloarthritis patients present a striking resemblance in intestinal inflammation with early Crohn’s disease. Moreover, the frequent use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is an important part of their treatment. Both conditions could lead to intestinal stenoses. Therefore we proposed to investigate the usefulness of the patency capsule test in patients with spondyloarthritis.Material and methods. 64 consecutive patients (33 males; mean age 38 ± 11 years) that fulfilled the AMOR criteria for seronegative spondyloarthropathy (59.4% ankylosing spondylitis) lacking symptoms or signs of intestinal stenosis were enrolled and submitted to an AGILE™ capsule patency test followed by a video capsule endoscopy (PillCam SB2™), as part of a protocol investigating the presence of intestinal inflammatory lesions. After reviewing the VCE recordings, the Lewis score (of small bowel inflammatory involvement) was computed.Results. In only 5 patients (7.8%) of the study group, the luminal patency test was negative. However, there was no retention of the videocapsule in any of the patients. From the 59 patients with a positive patency test, 3 patients presented single small bowel stenoses (two with ulcerated overlying inflamed mucosa, one cicatricial), all being traversed by the videocapsule along the length of the recording. None of the patients with a negative test had bowel stenoses. There was no correlation between the patency test and the Lewis score, the C reactive protein value, diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease, or the family history of spondyloarthritis, psoriasis or inflammatory bowel disease.Conclusion. The AGILE patency capsule does not seem to be a useful tool for all patients with spondyloarthritis prior to small bowel videocapsule endoscopy (ClinicalTrial.gov ID NCT 00768950).

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13

Nanton, Stephen, Joelle Roskens, and Sarah Feit. "Clinical Utility of Patency Capsule in Pediatric Video Capsule Endoscopy." American Journal of Gastroenterology 110 (October 2015): S983—S984. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-201510001-02368.

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14

Wu, Jie, Chunlian Wang, and Jirong Huo. "Magnetic resonance enterography or patency capsule to predict capsule retention." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 84, no. 5 (2016): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2016.04.031.

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15

Ishii, Manabu, Masanao Nasuno, Hiroki Tanaka, et al. "Usefulness of Abdominal Ultrasonography for Patency Assessment Using the Patency Capsule." Gastroenterology 152, no. 5 (2017): S753—S754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(17)32613-6.

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16

Asher, Adi Talan, Offir Ukashi, Adi Lahat, Uri Kopylov, Rami Eliakim, and Shomron Ben-Horin. "DIETARY INTERVENTION AS A NOVEL TOOL TO IMPROVE DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF PATENCY CAPSULE IN CROHN'S DISEASE PATIENTS." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 30, Supplement_1 (2024): S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izae020.012.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION AND AIM Patency capsule (PC) is a recommended procedure to confirm that the gastrointestinal tract is patent before ingestion of video capsule endoscopy (VCE). However, in some patients non-expelled PC may be due to slow transit time and not due to small bowel stricture. We examined if a nutritional intervention during the PC test which we introduced into routine clinical practice could improve passed PC rate and reduce false positive results. METHODS A retrospective study of patients who were subjected to standard protocol of PC procedure or to a nutrition-modified protocol of PC. Nutritional-modification comprised individualized dietary advice on the consumption of personally-convicted laxative foods after PC ingestion. Imaging study at 30 hours post-ingestion was performed to ascertain passage of PC in patients who did not visually see a passed PC in stool. RESULTS A total of 49 Crohn's patients who ingested PC were included (median age 33.7, 28.6% with previous intestinal resection). 26 patients followed the nutrition-modified personalized protocol and 23 did not (15 for technical reasons, eight for non-compliance). In total, 38 PC passed and 11 failed. Patients on dietary modification had significantly reduced rate of a failed PC compared to patients receiving standard protocol (7.7% versus 39.13%, respectively, odds ratio 0.13, 95% [CI] 0.0244-0.687, P value = 0.016). All patients with a passed PC subsequently ingested a VCE without complications. CONCLUSION Personalized nutritional intervention to promote colonic transit time may serve as a novel practical easy-to-follow dietary tool, in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy of patency capsule. Prospective controlled trials are warranted to corroborate these findings. Study flowchart. CD, Crohn’s disease; CT: Computed tomography; PC: Patency capsule. Percentage (%) of patients with failed PC with nutrition protocol or with standard protocol.

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17

Fairbrass, Keeley, Deloar Hoshen, Helen Bailey, Jason Jennings, and Venkat Subramanian. "Cost-effectiveness of patency capsule test prior to wireless capsule endoscopy." Clinical Medicine 20, Suppl 2 (2020): s30—s31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.20-2-s30.

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18

Pasha, Shabana F., Marco Pennazio, Emanuele Rondonotti, et al. "Capsule Retention in Crohn’s Disease: A Meta-analysis." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 26, no. 1 (2019): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izz083.

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This systematic review showed lower capsule retention rates in suspected and established Crohn’s disease than older literature. Retention rates were further reduced after patency capsule and cross-sectional imaging. Retention rates were also lower in pediatric compared with adult Crohn’s disease.

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19

Elosua Gonzalez, A., M. Rullan Iriarte, S. Rubio Iturria, et al. "P410 Which patients with established Crohn’s disease benefit most from the use of the Patency capsule test prior to small bowel capsule endoscopy?" Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 15, Supplement_1 (2021): S417—S418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab076.534.

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Abstract Background An important factor that limits a wider utilization of small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) in Crohn’s Disease (CD) is the potential risk of retention. The Patency® capsule (PC) lowers the risk of SBCE retention by assessing pre-procedure intestinal patency. Our aims were to evaluate the use of PC in patients with established CD in routine clinical practice and to identify predictive factors of intestinal patency in CD patients. Methods We included all patients with CD followed in the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit of the Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra in which a SBCE was performed from 01/01/2008 to 31/12/2019. An intact PC excreted in its original shape within 30 hours after swallowing was considered a positive patency test. Results A total of 465 SBCE were indicated in 333 patients. In 61.9% a previous patency test with PC was performed, with significant differences in its use according to the age at diagnosis according to the Montreal classification (A1 75.9%, A2 64.8%, A3 46.1%) and behaviour (B2 81.3%, B3 80%, B1 54.2%), the indication (postoperative recurrence monitoring 87.2%, flare 65.5%, staging small bowel disease 52.4%, assessing mucosal healing 44.8%) and the presence of previous CD surgery (68.6% vs. 55.6%). In 33 cases (7%) SBCE was contraindicated due to negative patency test. Eleven SBCE were retained of the 432 procedures finally performed (incidence 2.5%; 95% CI 1.06%-4.02%). Retention occurred in 5.6% of procedures without prior PC compared to 0.4% with previous PC (p&lt;0.001). Stricturing disease (OR 2.94; 1.31-6.58), penetrating disease (OR 3.85; 1.59-9.31) and presence of elevated inflammatory markers (OR 3.73; 1.85-7.50) were identified as independent factors associated with retention (negative PC test or SBCE retention) in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion A patency test prior to SBCE was performed in 61.9% of patients with known CD. The use of PC is associated with a lower risk of SBCE retention in a routine clinical setting. Patients with stricturing or penetrating disease or elevation of inflammatory markers have significantly higher risk of retention and would therefore benefit from a pre-SBCE PC.

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Kim, Y. E., P. H. Kim, H. M. Yoon, et al. "P458 Diagnostic accuracy of patency capsule and cross-sectional imaging for capsule endoscopy retention: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 18, Supplement_1 (2024): i925—i926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad212.0588.

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Abstract Background Although small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) has been widely used to evaluate small bowel lesions including Crohn’s disease, there is a risk of capsule retention that can cause obstructive symptoms potentially necessitating surgical treatment. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the accuracy of patency capsule (PC) and cross-sectional imaging (CSI) for predicting capsule retention. Methods MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, and the Cochrane library databases were searched for articles that invested the diagnostic accuracy of PC or CSI for predicting capsule retention up to August 15, 2023. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were calculated using a bivariate random-effects model. Considering that SBCE was generally not performed when capsule retention was suspected on PC, the false-negative rates of PC and CSI were separately analyzed and compared using a single-proportion meta-analysis based on random-effects modeling. Quality assessment of the selected studies was performed using the revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. Results A total of 22 peer-reviewed articles, including 17 articles for PC (covering 2,234 patients) and 7 articles for CSI (covering 302 patients) were included in this systematic review. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for predicting capsule retention with CSI were 64% [95% confidence interval (CI), 31%–87%] and 85% [95% CI, 62%–95%], respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for predicting capsule retention with PC were 75% [95% CI, 43%–92%] and 94% [95% CI, 90%–96%], respectively (Figure 1, Table 1). Although there was no statistically significant difference in prediction accuracy between PC and CSI on the bivariate random-effects model (P=0.14), the pooled false-negative rate was significantly lower in the PC compared to CSI (2.5% [95% CI, 1.4%–4.7%] vs. 11.0% [95% CI, 5.2%–21.8%]; P=0.003) (Table 1). Conclusion Cross-sectional imaging showed good specificity, but showed moderate sensitivity in predicting capsule retention. In contrast, patency capsule showed good sensitivity and excellent specificity, with a significantly lower false-negative rate compared to cross-sectional imaging. Therefore, in patients with clinically suspicious small bowel stenosis, the patency capsule is a more reliable modality for predicting capsule retention.

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Tokuhara, Daisuke, Kenji Watanabe, Yuki Cho, and Haruo Shintaku. "Patency Capsule Tolerability in School-Aged Children." Digestion 96, no. 1 (2017): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000477579.

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Ishii, M., M. Nasuno, H. Tanaka, et al. "P249 Usefulness of abdominal ultrasonography for patency assessment using the patency capsule." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 11, suppl_1 (2017): S204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx002.374.

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23

Occhipinti, Pietro, Silvia Saettone, Laura Broglia, Paolo Gorini, Ferruccio Rossi, and Carlo Alessandria. "Safety of Capsule Endoscopy After Patency Capsule in Small Bowel Crohn's Disease." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 65, no. 5 (2007): AB161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2007.03.249.

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Kobayashi, Yuka, Atsuo Yamada, Hirotsugu Watabe, et al. "Sonographic detection of a patency capsule prior to capsule endoscopy: Case report." Journal of Clinical Ultrasound 42, no. 9 (2014): 554–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.22147.

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25

Bond, A., and P. Collins. "PTH-010 Outcomes After Use of Patency Capsules Prior to Video Capsule Endoscopy." Gut 65, Suppl 1 (2016): A222.1—A222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312388.415.

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Hilmi, Ida, and Taku Kobayashi. "Capsule endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease: when and how." Intestinal Research 18, no. 3 (2020): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5217/ir.2019.09165.

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Capsule endoscopy (CE) is emerging as an important investigation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); common types include the standard small bowel CE and colon CE. More recently, the pan-enteric CE was developed to assess the large and small bowel in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). Emerging indications include noninvasive assessment for mucosal healing (both in the small bowel and the colon) and detection of postoperative recurrence in patients with CD. Given the increasing adoption, several CE scoring systems have been specifically developed for IBD. The greatest concern with performing CE, particularly in CD, is capsule retention, but this can be overcome by performing cross-sectional imaging such as magnetic resonance enterography and using patency capsules before performing the procedure. The development of software for automated detection of mucosal abnormalities typically seen in IBD may further increase its adoption.

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Omori, Teppei, Shinichi Nakamura, and Keiko Shiratori. "Localization of the Patency Capsule by Abdominal Tomosynthesis." Digestion 91, no. 4 (2015): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000381471.

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Cherry, Katy. "Capsule for detecting patency of the small bowel." Nature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2, no. 11 (2005): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpgasthep0305.

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Rasmussen, Bjørn, Torben Nathan, and Michael Dam Jensen. "Symptomatic Patency Capsule Retention in Suspected Crohn’s Disease." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 10, no. 12 (2016): 1445–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw105.

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Silva, M., H. Cardoso, A. Peixoto, et al. "P290 Evaluation of patients with retained patency capsule." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 11, suppl_1 (2017): S224—S225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx002.415.

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Al-Bawardy, Badr, Elizabeth Rajan, and Stephanie Hansel. "A Rare Case of Rapid Patency Capsule Disintegration." American Journal of Gastroenterology 110, no. 4 (2015): 603–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2015.25.

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Cebrián, Alba, Ignacio Fernández-Urién, and Juan Vila. "Use of the patency capsule in daily practice." Endoscopy 48, no. 05 (2016): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-102447.

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Occhipinti, Pietro, Silvia Saettone, Laura Broglia, Paolo Gorini, and Ferruccio Rossi. "M2A Patency Capsule in Small Bowel Crohn's Disease." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 63, no. 5 (2006): AB250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2006.03.661.

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Nanton, Stephen, Joelle Roskens, and Sarah Feit. "Sa2063 Clinical Utility of Patency Capsule (PC) in Pediatric Video Capsule Endoscopy (VCE)." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 83, no. 5 (2016): AB302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2016.03.488.

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Casanova, G., M. Urpi, Q. Herms Rubió, et al. "Predictive Factors of Agile Patency Capsule Retention in Patients Candidates to Capsule Endoscopy." Endoscopy 57, S 02 (2025): S557. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1806449.

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Imagawa, Hiroki, Juri Ikemoto, Kozue Kanemitu, et al. "A Trial of the Use of Patency Capsules in Combination with Overnight Capsule Endoscopy." Digestion 91, no. 1 (2015): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000368813.

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Boivin, M. L., H. Lochs, and W. A. Voderholzer. "Does Passage of a Patency Capsule Indicate Small-Bowel Patency? A Prospective Clinical Trial?" Endoscopy 37, no. 9 (2005): 808–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-870220.

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Boivin, M. L., H. Lochs, and W. A. Voderholzer. "Does Passage of a Patency Capsule Indicate Small-Bowel Patency? A Prospective Clinical Trial?" Endoscopy 37, no. 10 (2005): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-870547.

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Chin, Matthew, Christopher Hogan, Nimisha Parekh, and Gregory C. Albers. "Patency Capsule Followed by Video Capsule Endoscopy: Look Before You Leap — A Cautionary Tale." American Journal of Gastroenterology 110 (October 2015): S442—S443. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-201510001-01021.

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Bachar, A., Kamal Benzidane, A. Khadim, Z. Essaidi, T. Elabbassi, and Fz Bensardi. "Retention of a Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy: Case Report." British Journal of Healthcare and Medical Research 12, no. 01 (2025): 320–26. https://doi.org/10.14738/bjhmr.1201.18311.

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Capsule endoscopy (CE) is a revolutionary diagnostic tool introduced in 2000, enabling non-invasive visualization of the entire small intestine. Initially indicated for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and suspected Crohn's disease, its applications have expanded since then. While CE is generally safe, capsule retention (CR) is a rare but significant complication, occurring in 1–2% of cases and up to 13% in high-risk patients. CR is defined as the failure of capsule excretion within two weeks, which can lead to asymptomatic retention or complications like obstruction and perforation. Advances in pre-procedural assessments, such as the Patency Capsule® and imaging techniques, have improved the ability to predict and prevent CR. Management of CR includes medical therapy, enteroscopy, or surgery, with most cases resolving without intervention.

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Bachar, A. "Retention of a Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy: Case Report." British Journal of Healthcare & Medical Research 12, no. 01 (2025): 320–26. https://doi.org/10.14738/bjhr.1201.18311.

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Abstract:

Capsule endoscopy (CE) is a revolutionary diagnostic tool introduced in 2000, enabling non-invasive visualization of the entire small intestine. Initially indicated for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and suspected Crohn's disease, its applications have expanded since then. While CE is generally safe, capsule retention (CR) is a rare but significant complication, occurring in 1–2% of cases and up to 13% in high-risk patients. CR is defined as the failure of capsule excretion within two weeks, which can lead to asymptomatic retention or complications like obstruction and perforation. Advances in pre-procedural assessments, such as the Patency Capsule® and imaging techniques, have improved the ability to predict and prevent CR. Management of CR includes medical therapy, enteroscopy, or surgery, with most cases resolving without intervention.

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Kang, S. S., D. Petsikas, P. Murchan, et al. "Effects of Albumin Coating of Knitted Dacron Grafts on Transinterstitial Blood Loss and Tissue Ingrowth and Incorporation." Cardiovascular Surgery 5, no. 2 (1997): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096721099700500208.

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Transinterstitial blood loss at implantation and the degree of graft incorporation and inner capsule thickening was compared in serial explants of albumin-coated Dacron versus blood preclotted Dacron grafts in the canine thoracoabdominal aortic position (8 mm internal diameter × 30 cm length). The coated grafts were Bard DeBakey Vasculour II knitted Dacron prostheses impregnated with carbodiimide-cross-linked human albumin. Control grafts were otherwise identical and preclotted with the recipients' whole blood before heparinization during surgery. Transinterstitial blood loss after establishing flow was measured by weighing sponges wrapped around the grafts. Albumin pretreatment resulted in significantly less median blood loss (5.1 g versus 11 g, P = 0.04; Mann—Whitney rank sum test). Grafts were explanted at 1 week, 4 weeks, 10 weeks, and 20 weeks. Patency was 100% in both groups. Graft incorporation at explantation was graded by the surgeon as: 1 = none, 2 = minimal, 3 = moderate, or 4 = extensive. No significant differences were noted at any time period. Inner capsule thickness measurements were made every 2.5 mm along the length of all explants. Grafts explanted at 1 week displayed no inner capsules. By 20 weeks, median inner capsule thickness was significantly less in albumin-coated grafts (190 μm versus 235 μm; P <0.0001). These inner capsules in both groups formed as islands, containing abundant myofibroblasts and collagen, covered by endothelial cells and surrounded by residual fibrin coagula. In conclusion, albumin-coated knitted Dacron grafts displayed less transinterstitial blood loss at implantation, and qualitatively similar incorporation, but significantly thinner inner capsules at 20 weeks.

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Lee, Hyun Seok, Yun Jeong Lim, Jin-Hee Jung, et al. "Magnetic Resonance Enterography and Capsule Endoscopy in Patients Undergoing Patency Capsule for the Evaluation of Small Bowel Crohn’s Disease: A Korean Clinical Experience." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2020 (April 4, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8129525.

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Objective. Studies comparing magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) and capsule endoscopy (CE) for the assessment of small bowel (SB) Crohn’s disease (CD) are scarce in Korea. In addition, there is no Korean experience of patency capsule (PC) examination prior to CE. The primary aim of this study was to compare diagnostic yields of MRE and CE for the assessment of SB CD. Secondary objectives were to compare the detection rate of proximal SB lesions by each modality in the Montreal classification and evaluate the safety and feasibility of PC in Korean CD patients. Methods. MRE was performed as the first examination to assess SB CD. PC examination and CE were then performed. Diagnostic yields of active SB disease by MRE and CE were then analyzed. Results. Disintegration of the patency capsule was shown in 5 patients out of 26 patients, who did not undergo CE. These 5 patients were accounted as negative CE findings. Overall, MRE and CE detected 80.8% and 65.4% of active SB lesions of CD in 26 patients, respectively (P=0.212). MRE and CE detected 0% (0/26) and 19.2% (5/26) (P=0.051) of jejunal lesions, 30.8% (8/26) and 42.3% (11/26) (P=0.388) of proximal ileal lesions, and 80.8% (21/26) and 53.8% (14/26) (P=0.039) of terminal ileal lesions, respectively. According to the Montreal classification, MRE and CE independently detected proximal disease (L4) in 30.8% (8/26) and 53.8% (14/26) (P=0.092), respectively. Conclusions. The diagnostic yields of MRE and CE for the assessment of SB CD including proximal SB lesions were similar. MRE is a more objective tool for detecting clinically relevant stricture than PC although PC examination could be performed safely before CE to prove the patency of SB. This trial is registered with KCT0004305.

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Spada, Cristiano, Gianluca Spera, Maria Elena Riccioni, et al. "M2A Patency Capsule Prior to Video Capsule Endoscopy in Patients with Morphological Small Bowel Strictures." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 59, no. 5 (2004): P145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(04)00700-x.

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Postgate, Aymer J., Aine Fitzpatrick, Mari Stavrinidis, and Chris Fraser. "Exploring the Utility of the Given Patency Capsule in Patients At Risk of Capsule Retention." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 65, no. 5 (2007): AB330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2007.03.822.

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Pal, Partha, Rupa Banerjee, Rajesh Gupta, Palle Manohar Reddy, D. Nageshwar Reddy, and Manu Tandan. "Capsule Endoscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review." Journal of Digestive Endoscopy 14, no. 03 (2023): 149–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1766122.

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AbstractThe role of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has evolved from small bowel to a panenteric evaluation tool over the past two decades. We systematically reviewed the techniques, applications, outcomes, and complications of VCE in IBD. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Medline. All relevant original articles involving VCE in IBD were included from 2003 to July 2022. After screening 3,089 citations, finally 201 references were included. The diagnostic yield of VCE in suspected Crohn's disease (CD) was highly variable (6–80%) with excellent sensitivity (77–93%) and specificity (80–89%). The diagnostic yield in known CD was 52 to 88.3% leading to a change in management (26–75%) and disease reclassification with variable retention rates. VCE was superior to small bowel series, computed tomography (CT) and could be better than magnetic resonance enterography (MRE), especially for proximal and superficial lesions. Colon or panenteric VCE has strong correlation to ileo-colonoscopy (IC) and combined magnetic resonance imaging and IC, respectively. The VCE retention rate in CD is higher in known CD which significantly decreases after the negative patency capsule test or CT/MRE. VCE can identify lesions beyond the reach of IC in postoperative CD. Colon Capsule Endoscopy is a noninvasive monitoring tool in ulcerative colitis (UC) having a strong correlation with IC and may uncover small bowel involvement. VCE is specifically useful in IBD-unclassified (IBD-U) which can lead to the diagnosis of CD in 16.7 to 61.5%. Various scoring systems have been established and validated for small bowel CD (Lewis score and capsule endoscopy CD activity index—CECDAI), UC (capsule scoring of UC: Capsule Scoring of Ulcerative Colitis), panenteric evaluation (Capsule Endoscopy Crohn's Disease Activity Index, Elaikim score), and flare prediction (APEX score). Technological advances include double head, three-dimensional reconstruction, sampling system, panoramic view (344 and 360 degree lateral), and panenteric capsule. Artificial intelligence and software like TOP100 and Quickview can help reduce capsule reading time with excellent sensitivity and specificity. VCE in IBD has widespread application in suspected and known small bowel CD, monitoring of UC, postoperative CD, IBD-U, and for panenteric evaluation. Patency capsule testing helps to reduce retention rates significantly. Artificial intelligence and technical advances can help evolve this novel technology.

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Nemeth, Artur, Uri Kopylov, Anastasios Koulaouzidis, et al. "Use of patency capsule in patients with established Crohn’s disease." Endoscopy 48, no. 04 (2015): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1393560.

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Obeng, George, Asha Sigei, Patrick Costello, and Anjali Malkani. "Retention of the Patency Capsule: A Complication That Deserves Attention." American Journal of Gastroenterology 113, Supplement (2018): S1368. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-201810001-02461.

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Freeman, Janice, Deepika Koya, and Brenda J. Hoffman. "Delivery of Agile Patency Capsule Using an Endoscopic Delivery Device." American Journal of Gastroenterology 102 (September 2007): S400. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-200709002-00768.

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Garg, Shashank, Sumanjit Kaur, and Sudhir Dutta. "Unusual Case of Intestinal Obstruction by Patency Capsule for Enteroscopy." American Journal of Gastroenterology 108 (October 2013): S290. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-201310001-00974.

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