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Journal articles on the topic 'Path Ensemble Average'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Corrêa, Raul, Marina F. B. Cenni, and Pablo L. Saldanha. "Quantum Interference of Force." Quantum 2 (December 14, 2018): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2018-12-14-112.

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We show that a quantum particle subjected to a positive force in one path of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a null force in the other path may receive a negative average momentum transfer when it leaves the interferometer by a particular exit. In this scenario, an ensemble of particles may receive an average momentum in the opposite direction of the applied force due to quantum interference, a behavior with no classical analogue. We discuss some experimental schemes that could verify the effect with current technology, with electrons or neutrons in Mach-Zehnder interferometers in free space

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Chen, Yan, Rolf J. Lorentzen, and Erlend H. Vefring. "Optimization of Well Trajectory Under Uncertainty for Proactive Geosteering." SPE Journal 20, no. 02 (2014): 368–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/172497-pa.

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Summary Various logging-while-drilling (LWD) and seismic-while-drilling (SWD) tools offer opportunities to obtain geological information near the bottomhole assembly during the drilling process. These real-time in-situ data provide relatively high-resolution information around and possibly ahead of the drilling path compared with the data from a surface seismic survey. The use of these in-situ data offers substantial potential for improved recovery through continuous optimization of the remaining well path while drilling. We show an automated workflow for proactive geosteering through continuo

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Pinty, Jean-Pierre, and Christelle Barthe. "Ensemble Simulation of the Lightning Flash Variability in a 3D Cloud Model with Parameterizations of Cloud Electrification and Lightning Flashes." Monthly Weather Review 136, no. 1 (2008): 380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007mwr2186.1.

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Abstract A series of ensemble simulations were performed to study the statistics of flash characteristics produced by an electrification and lightning scheme in the cloud-resolving model Méso-NH. Here, the electrical variability of two storms—one supercellular and one multicellular—results from a random triggering location of the flashes and from a branching algorithm that describes the flash path. The study shows that the electrical model is able to generate several estimates of the total flash number for an identical evolution of the dynamics and microphysics of each storm in the 120 ensembl

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Susskind, Leonard. "De Sitter Holography: Fluctuations, Anomalous Symmetry, and Wormholes." Universe 7, no. 12 (2021): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7120464.

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The Goheer–Kleban–Susskind no-go theorem says that the symmetry of de Sitter space is incompatible with finite entropy. The meaning and consequences of the theorem are discussed in light of recent developments in holography and gravitational path integrals. The relation between the GKS theorem, Boltzmann fluctuations, wormholes, and exponentially suppressed non-perturbative phenomena suggests that the classical symmetry between different static patches is broken and that eternal de Sitter space—if it exists at all—is an ensemble average.

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Okuboyejo, Damilola A., and Oludayo O. Olugbara. "Classification of Skin Lesions Using Weighted Majority Voting Ensemble Deep Learning." Algorithms 15, no. 12 (2022): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a15120443.

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The conventional dermatology practice of performing noninvasive screening tests to detect skin diseases is a source of escapable diagnostic inaccuracies. Literature suggests that automated diagnosis is essential for improving diagnostic accuracies in medical fields such as dermatology, mammography, and colonography. Classification is an essential component of an assisted automation process that is rapidly gaining attention in the discipline of artificial intelligence for successful diagnosis, treatment, and recovery of patients. However, classifying skin lesions into multiple classes is challe

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Shi, Min, Dong Dong Yang, Yuan Zhou, Huan Zhao, and Yu Fang. "Analysis of Migraine Induced Monitoring Imaging Data by Multilayer Mixed Cluster Detection." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 9, no. 6 (2019): 1278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2019.2729.

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The complex network of resting brain function was constructed by graph theory to study the difference of network topology between migraine patients and normal people. The complex network of brain function of the two groups was constructed respectively, and the average clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, small cosmopolitan, homology, median centrality and other measurement parameters of the two groups of complex networks were calculated and compared. The multi-layer hybrid ensemble clustering detection is introduced for data analysis, and the edge connectivity of consensus is op

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Yang, Caipei, Yingqi Zhao, Xuan Cai, Wei Wei, Xingxing Feng, and Kaibo Zhou. "Path Planning Algorithm for Unmanned Surface Vessel Based on Multiobjective Reinforcement Learning." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2023 (February 15, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2146314.

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It is challenging to perform path planning tasks in complex marine environments as the unmanned surface vessel approaches the goal while avoiding obstacles. However, the conflict between the two subtarget tasks of obstacle avoidance and goal approaching makes the path planning difficult. Thus, a path planning method for unmanned surface vessel based on multiobjective reinforcement learning is proposed under the complex environment with high randomness and multiple dynamic obstacles. Firstly, the path planning scene is set as the main scene, and the two subtarget scenes including obstacle avoid

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Qazvinian, Vahed, and Dragomir Radev. "Exploiting Phase Transition in Latent Networks for Clustering." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 25, no. 1 (2011): 908–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v25i1.7972.

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In this paper, we model the pair-wise similarities of a setof documents as a weighted network with a single cutoffparameter. Such a network can be thought of an ensemble of unweighted graphs, each consisting of edges withweights greater than the cutoff value. We look at this network ensemble as a complex system with a temperature parameter, and refer to it as a Latent Network. Ourexperiments on a number of datasets from two different domains show that certain properties of latent networks like clustering coefﬁcient, average shortest path,and connected components exhibit patterns that are signi

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P, Prabaharan, and Reshma M. "AN ENSEMBLE ALGORITHM ON P2P COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING." ICTACT Journal on Communication Technology 16, no. 2 (2025): 3553–59. https://doi.org/10.21917/ijct.2025.0529.

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Peer to peer (P2P) overlays dominate content distribution, collaborative applications, and edge services because they eliminate single points of failure and exploit aggregate bandwidth. Yet, heterogeneous node capacity, churn, and route redundancy often throttle end to end throughput. Classical P2P rate control and scheduling schemes (e.g., tit for tat, rarest first) optimise a single objective or operate on a single network layer, leaving cross layer interactions unexploited. This results in sub optimal bandwidth utilisation, especially under bursty traffic and high churn. We introduce E Thru

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Mallick, Swapan. "Impact of Adaptively Thinned GOES-16 Cloud Water Path in an Ensemble Data Assimilation System." Meteorology 1, no. 4 (2022): 513–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/meteorology1040032.

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Assimilation of cloud properties in the convective scale ensemble data assimilation system is one of the prime topics of research in recent years. Satellites can retrieve cloud properties that are important sources of information of the cloud and atmospheric state. The Advance Baseline Imager (ABI) aboard the GOES-16 geostationary satellite brings an opportunity for retrieving high spatiotemporal resolution cloud properties, including cloud water path over continental United States. This study investigates the potential impacts of assimilating adaptively thinned GOES-16 cloud water path (CWP)

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Ackerman, Andrew S., Margreet C. vanZanten, Bjorn Stevens, et al. "Large-Eddy Simulations of a Drizzling, Stratocumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layer." Monthly Weather Review 137, no. 3 (2009): 1083–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008mwr2582.1.

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Abstract Cloud water sedimentation and drizzle in a stratocumulus-topped boundary layer are the focus of an intercomparison of large-eddy simulations. The context is an idealized case study of nocturnal stratocumulus under a dry inversion, with embedded pockets of heavily drizzling open cellular convection. Results from 11 groups are used. Two models resolve the size distributions of cloud particles, and the others parameterize cloud water sedimentation and drizzle. For the ensemble of simulations with drizzle and cloud water sedimentation, the mean liquid water path (LWP) is remarkably steady

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12

Nagao, Hidemi, Yasuteru Shigeta, Hiroyuki Kawabe, Takashi Kawakami, Kiyoshi Nishikawa, and Kizashi Yamaguchi. "Path integral method by means of generalized coherent states and its numerical approach to molecular systems. I. Ensemble average of total energy." Journal of Chemical Physics 107, no. 16 (1997): 6283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.474290.

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13

Kuraptsev, A. S., I. M. Sokolov, and Ya A. Fofanov. "Coherent specular reflection of resonant light from a dense ensemble of motionless point-like scatters in a slab geometry." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 41 (January 2016): 1660141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194516601411.

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We analyze resonant light scattering from a dense and disordered ensemble of motionless point-like scatters with uniform (on average) spatial distribution of the density. The average interatomic distance is considered comparable with the resonant wavelength and the mean free path of photon. The inhomogeneity of dipole-dipole interaction near the surface is discussed. Angular distribution of the light scattered from a medium in a slab geometry is calculated. The total reflected light power [Formula: see text] and the reflectivity [Formula: see text] depending on the optical thickness of a mediu

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Zhao, Qingfeng, and Yulin Zhang. "Ensemble Method of Feature Selection and Reverse Construction of Gene Logical Network Based on Information Entropy." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 02 (2019): 2059004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001420590041.

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In this paper, we propose a novel ensemble gene selection method to obtain a gene subset. Then we provide a reverse construction method of gene network derived from expression profile data of the gene subset. The uncertainty coefficient based on information entropy are used to define the existence of logical relations among these genes. If the uncertainty coefficient between some genes exceeds predefined thresholds, the gene nodes will be connected by directed edges. Thus, a gene network is generated, which we define as gene logical network. This method is applied to the breast cancer data inc

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15

Smeets, C. J. P. P., R. Holzinger, I. Vigano, A. H. Goldstein, and T. Röckmann. "Eddy covariance methane measurements at a Ponderosa pine plantation in California." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 1 (2009): 5201–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-5201-2009.

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Abstract. Long term methane flux measurements have been mostly performed with plant or soil enclosure techniques on specific components of an ecosystem. New fast response methane analyzers make it possible to use the eddy covariance (EC) technique instead. The EC technique is advantageous because it allows continuous flux measurements integrating over a larger and more representative area including the complete ecosystem, and allows fluxes to be observed as environmental conditions change naturally without disturbance. We deployed the closed-path Fast Methane Analyser (FMA) from Los Gatos Rese

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Zimnyakov, Dmitry, Elena Isaeva, Anna Isaeva, and Sergey Volchkov. "Band-Limited Reference-Free Speckle Spectroscopy: Probing the Fluorescent Media in the Vicinity of the Noise-Defined Threshold." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (2020): 1629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051629.

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A method of reference-free speckle spectroscopy based on the statistical analysis of intensity spatial fluctuations of the spectrally-selected multiple-scattered fluorescence radiation is examined in the case of the finite-band spectral selection of fluorescence light emitted by the laser-pumped random medium, and detection conditions far from the ideal case. Intensity fluctuations are recorded during point-to-point scanning of the surface of a random multiple-scattering medium, which is characterized by the dependences of the second- and third-order statistical moments of intensity on the wav

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J, Jasmine, and Hariharankumar S. "LATENCY-AWARE WIRELESS TRANSMISSION OF CLOUD DATA IN CLOUD AVOIDANCE NETWORKS USING A DUAL-HEAD ENSEMBLE TRANSFORMER." ICTACT Journal on Communication Technology 16, no. 2 (2025): 3502–7. https://doi.org/10.21917/ijct.2025.0521.

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With the growing reliance on cloud-based services, latency in wireless transmission of cloud data remains a critical challenge in environments where cloud connectivity is intermittent or restricted, such as cloud avoidance networks (CANs). These networks operate under the paradigm of minimizing dependence on centralized cloud infrastructure, leveraging edge or fog computing for timely data processing and delivery. Traditional transmission frameworks often fail to effectively manage latency in dynamic and decentralized networks. In CANs, unpredictable node mobility, variable signal strength, an

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18

Wang, Jike, Dongsheng Cao, Cunchen Tang, Xi Chen, Huiyong Sun, and Tingjun Hou. "Fast and accurate prediction of partial charges using Atom-Path-Descriptor-based machine learning." Bioinformatics 36, no. 18 (2020): 4721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa566.

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Abstract Motivation Partial atomic charges are usually used to calculate the electrostatic component of energy in many molecular modeling applications, such as molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, free energy calculations and so forth. High-level quantum mechanics calculations may provide the most accurate way to estimate the partial charges for small molecules, but they are too time-consuming to be used to process a large number of molecules for high throughput virtual screening. Results We proposed a new molecule descriptor named Atom-Path-Descriptor (APD) and developed a set o

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19

Rahman, Takowa, Md Saiful Islam, and Jia Uddin. "MRI-Based Brain Tumor Classification Using a Dilated Parallel Deep Convolutional Neural Network." Digital 4, no. 3 (2024): 529–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/digital4030027.

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Brain tumors are frequently classified with high accuracy using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to better comprehend the spatial connections among pixels in complex pictures. Due to their tiny receptive fields, the majority of deep convolutional neural network (DCNN)-based techniques overfit and are unable to extract global context information from more significant regions. While dilated convolution retains data resolution at the output layer and increases the receptive field without adding computation, stacking several dilated convolutions has the drawback of producing a grid effect. Thi

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Acharya, Rajeev, Igor Aleiner, Richard Allen, et al. "Suppressing quantum errors by scaling a surface code logical qubit." Nature 614, no. 7949 (2023): 676–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05434-1.

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AbstractPractical quantum computing will require error rates well below those achievable with physical qubits. Quantum error correction1,2 offers a path to algorithmically relevant error rates by encoding logical qubits within many physical qubits, for which increasing the number of physical qubits enhances protection against physical errors. However, introducing more qubits also increases the number of error sources, so the density of errors must be sufficiently low for logical performance to improve with increasing code size. Here we report the measurement of logical qubit performance scalin

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21

Yang, Yu, Yanjun Shi, Xing Cui, Jiajian Li, and Xijun Zhao. "A Hybrid Decision-Making Framework for UAV-Assisted MEC Systems: Integrating a Dynamic Adaptive Genetic Optimization Algorithm and Soft Actor–Critic Algorithm with Hierarchical Action Decomposition and Uncertainty-Quantified Critic Ensemble." Drones 9, no. 3 (2025): 206. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9030206.

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With the continuous progress of UAV technology and the rapid development of mobile edge computing (MEC), the UAV-assisted MEC system has shown great application potential in special fields such as disaster rescue and emergency response. However, traditional deep reinforcement learning (DRL) decision-making methods suffer from limitations such as difficulty in balancing multiple objectives and training convergence when making mixed action space decisions for UAV path planning and task offloading. This article innovatively proposes a hybrid decision framework based on the improved Dynamic Adapti

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Otsuka, F., Y. Omura, and O. Verkhoglyadova. "Energetic particle parallel diffusion in a cascading wave turbulence in the foreshock region." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 14, no. 5 (2007): 587–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-14-587-2007.

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Abstract. We study parallel (field-aligned) diffusion of energetic particles in the upstream of the bow shock with test particle simulations. We assume parallel shock geometry of the bow shock, and that MHD wave turbulence convected by the solar wind toward the shock is purely transverse in one-dimensional system with a constant background magnetic field. We use three turbulence models: a homogeneous turbulence, a regular cascade from a large scale to smaller scales, and an inverse cascade from a small scale to larger scales. For the homogeneous model the particle motions along the average fie

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Nguyen, Trung Hai, Van Ngo, João Paulo Castro Zerba, Sergei Noskov, and David D. L. Minh. "Nonequilibrium path-ensemble averages for symmetric protocols." Journal of Chemical Physics 151, no. 19 (2019): 194103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5121306.

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Modanese, Giovanni. "Quantum-Only Metrics in Spherically Symmetric Gravity." Quantum Reports 2, no. 2 (2020): 314–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quantum2020021.

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The Einstein action for the gravitational field has some properties which make of it, after quantization, a rare prototype of systems with quantum configurations that do not have a classical analogue. Assuming spherical symmetry in order to reduce the effective dimensionality, we have performed a Monte Carlo simulation of the path integral with transition probability e − β | S | . Although this choice does not allow to reproduce the full dynamics, it does lead us to find a large ensemble of metric configurations having action | S | ≪ ħ by several magnitude orders. These vacuum fluctuations are

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Oikonomou, Panagiotis, and Stylianos Pappas. "Decentralized Bioinspired Non-Discrete Model for Autonomous Swarm Aggregation Dynamics." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (2020): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031067.

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In this paper a microscopic, non-discrete, mathematical model based on stigmergy for predicting the nodal aggregation dynamics of decentralized, autonomous robotic swarms is proposed. The model departs from conventional applications of stigmergy in bioinspired path-finding optimization, serving as a dynamic aggregation algorithm for nodes with limited or no ability to perform discrete logical operations, aiding in agent miniaturization. Time-continuous simulations were developed and carried out where nodal aggregation efficiency was evaluated using the following metrics: time to aggregation eq

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Crooks, Gavin E. "Path-ensemble averages in systems driven far from equilibrium." Physical Review E 61, no. 3 (2000): 2361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.61.2361.

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27

Živić, I., and S. Elezović-Hadžić. "The local persistence length of semi-flexible self-avoiding walks on the square lattice." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2024, no. 2 (2024): 023201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ad1d5a.

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Abstract By applying the pruned-enriched Rosenbluth Monte Carlo simulation method, we have studied the local persistence length of semi-flexible linear polymers presented by self-avoiding walks (SAWs) on the square lattice, where the stiffness property is characterised by the weight s assigned to each bend of the walk. In this model, the local persistence length λ N ( k ) of N-step SAWs is formulated as an ensemble average of the projection of the end-to-end position vector onto the oriented kth step of the SAW path. We have found that the persistence length λ N ( k ) ( s ) decreases with s an

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Escribà, P., A. Callado, D. Santos, C. Santos, J. A. García-Moya, and J. Simarro. "Probabilistic prediction of raw and BMA calibrated AEMET-SREPS: the 24 of January 2009 extreme wind event in Catalunya." Advances in Geosciences 26 (November 22, 2010): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-26-119-2010.

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Abstract. At 00:00 UTC of 24 January 2009 (24Jan09) an explosive cyclogenesis placed at the Gulf of Vizcaya, reached its maximum intensity with observed surface pressures below 970 hPa on its center. During its path through the south of France there were strong westerly and north-westerly winds over Iberian Peninsula (above 150 km/h). These extreme winds leaved 8 casualties in Catalunya, the north-east region of Spain. The aim of this work is validating the skill of the Spanish Meteorological Agency (AEMET) Short Range Ensemble Prediction System (SREPS) in forecasting this event. Two probabili

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Minh, David D. L., and John D. Chodera. "Optimal estimators and asymptotic variances for nonequilibrium path-ensemble averages." Journal of Chemical Physics 131, no. 13 (2009): 134110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3242285.

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Tyler, Steve, Christophe Laforge, Adrien Guzzo, Adrien Nicolaï, Gia G. Maisuradze, and Patrick Senet. "Einstein Model of a Graph to Characterize Protein Folded/Unfolded States." Molecules 28, no. 18 (2023): 6659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28186659.

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The folded structures of proteins can be accurately predicted by deep learning algorithms from their amino-acid sequences. By contrast, in spite of decades of research studies, the prediction of folding pathways and the unfolded and misfolded states of proteins, which are intimately related to diseases, remains challenging. A two-state (folded/unfolded) description of protein folding dynamics hides the complexity of the unfolded and misfolded microstates. Here, we focus on the development of simplified order parameters to decipher the complexity of disordered protein structures. First, we show

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Li, Yibo, Zhentao Cong, and Dawen Yang. "Remotely Sensed Soil Moisture Assimilation in the Distributed Hydrological Model Based on the Error Subspace Transform Kalman Filter." Remote Sensing 15, no. 7 (2023): 1852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15071852.

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The data assimilation of remotely sensed soil moisture observations provides a feasible path of improving river flow simulation. In this work, we studied the performance of the error subspace transform Kalman filter (ESTKF) assimilation algorithm on the assimilation of remotely sensed soil moisture from SMAP, including the improvement of soil moisture and river flow in the hydrological model. Additionally, we discussed the advantages and added value of ESTKF compared to the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) in a hydrological model. To achieve this objective, we solved the spatial resolution gap be

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Rodwell, M. J., D. S. Richardson, D. B. Parsons, and H. Wernli. "Flow-Dependent Reliability: A Path to More Skillful Ensemble Forecasts." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99, no. 5 (2018): 1015–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-17-0027.1.

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AbstractWhile chaos ensures that probabilistic weather forecasts cannot always be “sharp,” it is important for users and developers that they are reliable. For example, they should not be overconfident or underconfident. The “spread–error” relationship is often used as a first-order assessment of the reliability of ensemble weather forecasts. This states that the ensemble standard deviation (a measure of forecast uncertainty) should match the root-mean-square error on the ensemble mean (when averaged over a sufficient number of forecast start dates). It is shown here that this relationship is

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Muthalif, Asan G. A., Azni N. Wahid, and Khairul A. M. Nor. "Estimating ensemble average power delivered by a piezoelectric patch actuator to a non-deterministic subsystem." Journal of Sound and Vibration 333, no. 4 (2014): 1149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2013.10.012.

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Vassilev, P. M., R. W. Hadley, K. S. Lee, and J. R. Hume. "Voltage-dependent action of tetrodotoxin in mammalian cardiac myocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 251, no. 2 (1986): H475—H480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1986.251.2.h475.

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Single Na+ channel currents have been examined in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes using the patch-clamp technique. The effects of lidocaine, extracellular calcium [(Ca)o], and tetrodotoxin on patch Na+ channel availability were assessed using ensemble averages of Na+-channel openings during depolarizing test potential steps from 7 to 10 different patch-holding potentials in each cell-attached patch. In six control patches, the potential for 50% channel availability (Vh) was -15 mV (relative to an average resting membrane potential of -80 mV). Exposure of patches to either lidocaine or

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Mieck, B. "Ensemble averaged coherent state path integral for disordered bosons with a repulsive interaction (Derivation of mean field equations)." Fortschritte der Physik 55, no. 9-10 (2007): 951–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prop.200710391.

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Tiwari, Ambuj, and Bernd Ensing. "Reactive trajectories of the Ru2+/3+ self-exchange reaction and the connection to Marcus' theory." Faraday Discussions 195 (2016): 291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fd00132g.

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Outer sphere electron transfer between two ions in aqueous solution is a rare event on the time scale of first principles molecular dynamics simulations. We have used transition path sampling to generate an ensemble of reactive trajectories of the self-exchange reaction between a pair of Ru<sup>2+</sup> and Ru<sup>3+</sup> ions in water. To distinguish between the reactant and product states, we use as an order parameter the position of the maximally localised Wannier center associated with the transferring electron. This allows us to align the trajectories with respect to the moment of barrie

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Chhabra, P. S., N. L. Ng, M. R. Canagaratna, et al. "Elemental composition and oxidation of chamber organic aerosol." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 17 (2011): 8827–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8827-2011.

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Abstract. Recently, graphical representations of aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) spectra and elemental composition have been developed to explain the oxidative and aging processes of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). It has been shown previously that oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) components from ambient and laboratory data fall within a triangular region in the f44 vs. f43 space, where f44 and f43 are the ratios of the organic signal at m/z 44 and 43 to the total organic signal in AMS spectra, respectively; we refer to this graphical representation as the "triangle plot." Alternatively, the

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Polonsky, Igor, and D. M. O’Brien. "Rapid Estimation of Column-Averaged CO2 Concentration Using a Correlation Algorithm." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 27, no. 12 (2010): 2002–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecha1487.1.

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Abstract Measurement of XCO2, the column-averaged mole fraction of CO2, using reflected sunlight in the near-infrared bands of CO2, is strongly influenced by photons that are scattered in the atmosphere because scattering can either decrease or increase the mean pathlength compared with the direct path from the sun to the surface to the satellite. A very simple algorithm that can be used to compensate for the errors introduced by scattering is presented. The algorithm is based on the observation that the apparent optical path differences in selected pairs of channels in the weak CO2 band at 1.

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Wang, X., S. N. Treistman, and J. R. Lemos. "Single channel recordings of Nt- and L-type Ca2+ currents in rat neurohypophysial terminals." Journal of Neurophysiology 70, no. 4 (1993): 1617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.70.4.1617.

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1. Ca2+ currents through single channels in acutely dissociated nerve terminals from rat neurohypophyses were recorded using cell-attached patch recordings with 110 mM Ba2+ as the charge carrier. 2. One type (Nt, where the t denotes terminal) of single Ca2+ channel current was evoked only by depolarizing steps from holding potentials less negative than -50 mV. Because this channel opened primarily at the beginning of a 180-ms-long voltage pulse, the averaged ensemble current decayed rapidly (approximately 30 ms). Infrequently, the channel opened throughout such a long pulse, resulting in a lon

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Böhm, Michael C., Rafael Ramírez, and Joachim Schulte. "New Aspects in the Calculation of Electronic Momentum Properties; an All-Quantum Study." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 53, no. 1-2 (1998): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1998-1-207.

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Abstract The electronic properties of the C6H6 and C6D6 molecules have been studied by an all-quantum approach, where the classical and quantum degrees of freedom of the nuclei are taken into ac-count in the evaluation of electronic expectation values. In the all-quantum approach suggested a Feynman path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) formalism has been linked to an electronic ab initio Hamiltonian. The electronic expectation values have been calculated as averages over the manifold of nuclear configurations populated in thermal equilibrium. This theoretical setup leads to electronic expectation

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Loveridge, Jesse, Aviad Levis, Larry Di Girolamo, et al. "Retrieving 3D distributions of atmospheric particles using Atmospheric Tomography with 3D Radiative Transfer – Part 2: Local optimization." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 16, no. 16 (2023): 3931–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3931-2023.

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Abstract. Our global understanding of clouds and aerosols relies on the remote sensing of their optical, microphysical, and macrophysical properties using, in part, scattered solar radiation. Current retrievals assume clouds and aerosols form plane-parallel, homogeneous layers and utilize 1D radiative transfer (RT) models. These assumptions limit the detail that can be retrieved about the 3D variability in the cloud and aerosol fields and induce biases in the retrieved properties for highly heterogeneous structures such as cumulus clouds and smoke plumes. In Part 1 of this two-part study, we v

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Zhang, Mingjiang, Junfei Bi, Tao Xie, Na Zhang, and Weihu Zhao. "Adversarial Patch Attack Method for Vehicle Target Detection." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2717, no. 1 (2024): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2717/1/012026.

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Abstract Due to the susceptibility of intelligent recognition systems to adversarial sample attacks, research on adversarial sample attack methods for target detection is of great significance for improving the safety of vehicle autonomous driving. By studying the transfer-based self-ensemble attack adversarial sample generation algorithm, and based on the trained Faster R-CNN and YOLOX white box target detectors, a cross-model and cross-instance vehicle target detection attack method was designed. Through training, a universal adversarial patch was obtained, which achieved recognition attacks

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Tomchuk, P. M., and V. N. Starkov. "Influence of Shape Spread in an Ensemble of Metal Nanoparticles on Their Optical Properties." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 63, no. 3 (2018): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe63.3.204.

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The theoretical basis of the work consists in that the dissipative processes in non-spherical nanoparticles, whose sizes are smaller than the mean free path of electrons, are characterized by a tensor quantity, whose diagonal elements together with the depolarization coefficients determine the half-widths of plasma resonances. Accordingly, the averaged characteristics are obtained for an ensemble of metal nanoparticles with regard for the influence of the nanoparticle shape on the depolarization coefficients and the components of the optical conductivity tensor. Three original variants of the

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Kulie, Mark S., Ralf Bennartz, Thomas J. Greenwald, Yong Chen, and Fuzhong Weng. "Uncertainties in Microwave Properties of Frozen Precipitation: Implications for Remote Sensing and Data Assimilation." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, no. 11 (2010): 3471–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jas3520.1.

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Abstract A combined active/passive modeling system that converts CloudSat observations to simulated microwave brightness temperatures (TB) is used to assess different ice particle models under precipitating conditions. Simulation results indicate that certain ice models (e.g., low-density spheres) produce excessive scattering and implausibly low simulated TBs for stratiform precipitation events owing to excessive derived ice water paths (IWPs), while other ice models produce unphysical TB depressions due to the combined effects of elevated derived IWP and excessive particle size distribution–a

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Tuhin, Kamrul Hasan, Ashadun Nobi, Md Jafar Sadique, Mahmudul Islam Rakib, and Jae Woo Lee. "Effect of network size on comparing different stock networks." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (2023): e0288733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288733.

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We analyzed complex networks generated by the threshold method in the Korean and Indian stock markets during the non-crisis period of 2004 and the crisis period of 2008, while varying the size of the system. To create the stock network, we randomly selected N stock indices from the market and constructed the network based on cross-correlation among the time series of stock prices. We computed the average shortest path length L and average clustering coefficient C for several ensembles of generated stock networks and found that both metrics are influenced by network size. Since L and C are affe

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Mu, Linqin, Jin Zhang, Yijin Liu, and Feng Lin. "Resolving Charge Distribution for Compositionally Heterogeneous Layered Cathode Materials." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 3 (2022): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-023254mtgabs.

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Rechargeable batteries are built on the foundation of redox-active compounds. Thus, understanding charge compensation mechanisms represents one of the most critical research directions in developing battery materials. Due to the compositional versatility of Li-containing layered cathode, i.e., LiNi1-x-yMnxCoyO2 (NMC), one can tune the TMs (transition metals) composition to satisfy various demands. As the Ni/Mn/Co stoichiometry moves across the compositional space, the charge compensation mechanism also gradually evolves due to the changing of TM 3d orbital energy levels. Thus, tailoring TMs st

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Dogniaux, Matthieu, Joannes D. Maasakkers, Daniel J. Varon, and Ilse Aben. "Report on Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2B observations of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline methane leak." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 17, no. 9 (2024): 2777–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2777-2024.

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Abstract. In late September 2022, explosions of the Nord Stream pipelines caused what could be the largest anthropogenic methane leak ever recorded. We report on Landsat 8 (L8) and Sentinel-2B (S-2B) observations of the sea-foam patch produced by the Nord Stream 2 (NS2) leak located close to Bornholm island, acquired on 29 and 30 September, respectively. Usually, reflected sunlight over sea is insufficient for these Earth imagers to observe any methane signal in nadir-viewing geometry. However, the NS2 foam patch observed here is bright enough to possibly allow the detection of methane above i

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Eliseev, A. V., D. Coumou, A. V. Chernokulsky, V. Petoukhov, and S. Petri. "Scheme for calculation of multi-layer cloudiness and precipitation for climate models of intermediate complexity." Geoscientific Model Development 6, no. 5 (2013): 1745–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1745-2013.

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Abstract. In this study we present a scheme for calculating the characteristics of multi-layer cloudiness and precipitation for Earth system models of intermediate complexity (EMICs). This scheme considers three-layer stratiform cloudiness and single-column convective clouds. It distinguishes between ice and droplet clouds as well. Precipitation is calculated by using cloud lifetime, which depends on cloud type and phase as well as on statistics of synoptic and convective disturbances. The scheme is tuned to observations by using an ensemble simulation forced by the ERA-40-derived climatology

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Periyasamy, Sivaselvi, and Tarun K. Chandrayadula. "The broadband transport theory approach to model internal wave induced scattering across deep water acoustic time-fronts." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 2 (2023): 895–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0017102.

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There are currently no models to fully predict the effects of internal wave induced scattering on acoustic pulses. Existing models, which predict time domain statistics, either use the ray-based path integral method or Monte Carlo type simulations. The path integral method fails to accurately predict all of the effects of scattering. The Monte Carlo methods base the statistics on ensemble averages and are not physics-based models. This paper overcomes these limitations by using the modes of the waveguide in a transport theory application. The transport theory equations have, thus far, been use

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Miyashita, Tomofumi. "(Digital Presentation) Improvement of the Compatibility between the Current-Independent Constant Voltage Loss in Wagner’s Equation for SOFCs Using Sm-Doped Ceria Electrolytes and Jarzynski’s Equality." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 40 (2023): 2775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01402775mtgabs.

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A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) converts chemical energy from a fuel gas, such as hydrogen or methane, to electrical energy. Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) films are often used as electrolytes, in which only oxygen ions are carriers. In such cases, the open-circuit voltage (OCV = 1.15 V at 1073 K) is equal to the Nernst voltage (Vth = 1.15 V at 1073 K). Samaria-doped ceria (SDC) has higher ionic conductivity than YSZ. Therefore, SDC films are possible electrolyte candidates. However, when SDC electrolytes are used in SOFCs, the OCV at 1073 K is only 0.80 V. The voltage loss has been explained

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