Journal articles: 'Pathankot'

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Bathre, Ar Chetna, and Ar Naveena Verma. "Identifying the Potential of Eco-tourism in Pathankot, India." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28 (2022): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i07s.012.

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Ecotourism is a thriving industry that hosts diverse flora and fauna, providing visitors with a one-of-akind experience. It addresses two major issues in the region: the economy and the preservation of biodiversity. The study’s goal is to identify potential areas for eco-tourism in Pathankot, which is located in Punjab at the meeting point of three states: Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, and Himachal Pradesh. Pathankot has a lot of potential for eco-tourism because of the abundance of scenic beauty present due to its geographical settings, which will not only put Pathankot on the tourism map but will also help the local community promote their culture and raise environmental awareness. Currently, the city is better known as a stopover location rather than a well-established tourist destination. This research study will aid in the exploration and identification of the various revenue-generating options available through eco-tourism.Personal interviews and secondary data analysis were used in the methodology. It is hoped that this study will aid in providing a different perspective towards Pathankot.

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Sehgal, Ramesh Kumar, Abhishek Pratap Singh, Ningthoujam Premjit Singh, Christopher C. Gilbert, Biren A. Patel, and Rajeev Patnaik. "First report of rodents from the Miocene Siwalik locality of Dunera, Pathankot District, Punjab, India." Palaeontologia Electronica 26, no. 3 (2023): 1–27. https://doi.org/10.26879/1308.

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Sehgal, Ramesh Kumar, Singh, Abhishek Pratap, Singh, Ningthoujam Premjit, Gilbert, Christopher C., Patel, Biren A., Patnaik, Rajeev (2023): First report of rodents from the Miocene Siwalik locality of Dunera, Pathankot District, Punjab, India. Palaeontologia Electronica (a49) 26 (3): 1-27, DOI: 10.26879/1308, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1308

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Gupta, Nidhi, Sheikh Mahvesh, Mamta Gupta, and Aman Jyoti. "A HOSPITAL BASED CERVICAL PAP SMEAR STUDY IN DISTRICT PATHANKOT." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 12 (2021): 480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13934.

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Mrs, Rachana Kumari* &. Mrs Balwinder Kaur Butter. "A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICE AND ATTITUDE OF MOTHERS REGARDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING FROM OF KOTLI, PATHANKOT, PUNJAB." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT 5, no. 7 (2018): 33–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1307398.

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Supplementary feeding, defined as the provision of meals, drinks, or snacks to children or families additional to their normal diets, in comparison to either normal diet or placebo (e.g., low energy drinks). The goal of supplementary feeding is the development of lifelong eating patterns which will maintain optimal health. The introduction of supplementary foods is based upon both nutritional need and developmental readiness.Well-being of child is directly related to the nutritional status of the baby. Malnutrition rate increases between 6 and 18 months—the period of Supplementary feeding. Appropriate Supplementary feeding promotes growth and prevents stunting among children aged between 6 and 24months. To document the knowledge, attitude, and practices pertaining to Supplementary feeding among the mothers of Kotli,  Pathankot, Punjab India. This community based cross-sectional study was conducted among  in a ruralarea Kotli,  Pathankot having at least one child less than 2 years of age. This community based cross-sectional study was conducted among  in a ruralarea Kotli,  Pathankot having at least one child less than 2 years of age. The study sample consisted of 150 women who have a youngest child aged 2 years or less. TheResults of the stydy wasCow’s milk was most common (44.4%) introductory food item. Around 58% mothers fed their children less than five times a day. Around 75% mothers fed their children by themselves; 17% were unaware about measures for maintaining hygiene.  Most common illnesses associated with poor feeding as described by mothers were diarrhea (30%) and vomiting (22%). Literate mothers were observed to feed their children 2.4 times more if they had developed diarrhea (X2 = 9.2986, df = 1, p < 0.01; OR = 2.4209; 1.3610–4.3063) and 3 times more during the episode of fever (X2 = 6.8517, df = 1, p < 0.01; OR = 3.3962; 1.3002–8.8713).

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Punj, Vaishalee, and Mushtaq Ahmad Hakeem. "Assessment of knowledge and reporting of adverse drug reaction in resident doctors in a teaching hospital in North India." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 9, no. 2 (2020): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20200169.

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Background: This study was done to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of residents towards pharmacovigilance in a teaching hospital in North India.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among residents of Chintpurni Medical College and Hospital, Pathankot (CMC&H). A questionnaire containing 17 questions was distributed to 80 residents of CMC&H, Pathankot. This study was conducted over a period of 3 months from July to September, 2017.Results: 64 out of the 80 residents (80%) responded to questionnaire. Among the respondents, 6% did not know the term adverse drug reaction (ADR) and almost 18% did not witness any ADR during clinical practice. Among those who witnessed ADRs nearly 25% could not ascertain the type of ADR. Those who ascertained ADRs claimed that upto 60% suspected ADRs required short hospitalisation. 6% residents did not consider ADRs avoidable and almost 25% residents did not consider ADRs predictable. 37% residents did not report the ADRs to anyone and nearly 43% did not know whom to report the ADRs. More than 18% claimed that they were not taught about PV in undergraduate curricular practical training teaching. Up to 31% residents claimed that nobody ever discussed with them about ADR reporting during internship.Conclusions: According to this study, residents lack adequate knowledge and practice of reporting ADRs. This study suggests a greater need to create awareness amongst them to promote reporting of ADRs. This study also suggests that incorporation of Pharmacovigilance in medical curriculum will strengthen pharmacovigilance activity.

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Verma, Mr Rahul. "A Case Study on the Effectiveness of Site Visit-Based Learning in Civil Engineering Polytechnic Education." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 5 (2025): 6902–3. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.71826.

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This study explores the impact of practical site visits on the academic and professional development of Civil Engineering students in a polytechnic setting. Based on observations and student feedback over three academic years, including visits to Shahpurkandi Hydro Power Project (Pathankot), a multi-storey construction site behind Haveli, Phagwara (managed by AGI Infra Ltd.), and various highway construction sites in and around Ludhiana and Phagwara (including GT Road upgrades near Jalandhar Bypass), the paper concludes that on-site exposure greatly enhances conceptual clarity, technical vocabulary, and industry readiness.

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Arora, Nitya. "MENTAL HEALTH OF ADOLESCENTS IN RELATION TO THEIR ACADEMIC ANXIETY." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES 12, no. 01 (2022): 661–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37648/ijrssh.v12i01.034.

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This research used a randomly chosen sample of 160 pupils from the Pathankot area of Punjab state. The sample was administered using “Singh and Gupta's Academic Anxiety Scale for Children and Singh and Sengupta's Mental Health Battery, which was designed and standardised. The data was analysed and interpreted using the mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of correlation. The study found that a) there is no significant correlation between Academic Anxiety and Adolescent Mental Health; b) there is no significant correlation between Academic Anxiety and Female Adolescent Mental Health; and c) there is no significant correlation between Academic Anxiety and Male Adolescent Mental Health”.

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Arora, Nitya. "MENTAL HEALTH OF ADOLESCENTS IN RELATION TO THEIR ACADEMIC ANXIETY." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES 12, no. 01 (2022): 661–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37648/ijrssh.v12i01.034.

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This research used a randomly chosen sample of 160 pupils from the Pathankot area of Punjab state. The sample was administered using “Singh and Gupta's Academic Anxiety Scale for Children and Singh and Sengupta's Mental Health Battery, which was designed and standardised. The data was analysed and interpreted using the mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of correlation. The study found that a) there is no significant correlation between Academic Anxiety and Adolescent Mental Health; b) there is no significant correlation between Academic Anxiety and Female Adolescent Mental Health; and c) there is no significant correlation between Academic Anxiety and Male Adolescent Mental Health”.

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Sandeep, Sharma. "Preliminary Assessment of the Seismic Hazard for the District of Pathankot (Punjab), India." Annals of Earth, Environment, and Infrastructure Engineering 1, no. 1 (2022): 33–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7284723.

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A preliminary assessment of earthquake hazards for the district of Pathankot (Punjab) has been carried out. The study area has already experienced strong ground motions of intensity VII in the past during the 1905 Kangra earthquake. The epicenter of the 1905 Kangra earthquake was only 60 km away from the study area. Hence, the proximity of the study area to the northwestern Himalayas makes it susceptible to damage due to large earthquakes in the future. Therefore, deterministic seismic hazard analysis (DSHA) has been carried out for the district. For this purpose, earthquake data has been collected from various seismological agencies e.g. NDMA, IMD, ISCUK, and USGS, and a comprehensive earthquake catalog has been prepared. Several ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) have been reviewed and analyzed to select a GMPE appropriate for carrying out DSHA. Earthquake hazard parameters have been formulated in terms of peak ground accelerations (PGA). Based on the results, a seismic hazard map for the district has been prepared. The study shows that the region can experience severe strong ground motions originating from northwestern Himalayan earthquakes and hence, structures must be designed based on hazard parameters determined considering the local tectonic setting. The developed hazard map would help engineers and town planners in designing earthquake-resistant structures and retrofitting existing structures.

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Shukla, Pallvi. "Exploring the relationship between hypothyroidism, iron, and vitamin D3: Insights from Pathankot, Punjab." Journal of Immunology and Immunopathology 26, no. 2 (2024): 119–26. https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9149.2024.00017.1.

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Sharma, Narender, P. Kumar, and P. C. Tak. "A preliminary study on butterflies of the Kathlaur-Kaushlian Wildlife Sanctuary, Pathankot, Punjab, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 7, no. 9 (2015): 7557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.o3882.7557-62.

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Khan, M. Nazish, M. Kashif, and A. Shah. "Off-Road Trafficability for Military Operations Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis." International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS 10, no. 1 (2021): 3425–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.489.

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This study has been carried out in the Pathankot region, having strategic importance in terms of military operations. It explores the ability of remote sensing and GIS in assessing off-road trafficability which is integral part of terrain intelligence. Number of thematic layers has been prepared using Sentinal -2 satellite images and PALSAR Digital Elevation Model (DEM) viz. LULC, Slope, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Terrain Roughness Index (TRI) and ground conditions to assess the potential of off-road trafficability in the study area for military operations. Results clearly depict that most of the region is suitable for off-road movement. However, north western part is showing less suitability. Keywords PALSAR; Multi-criteria Decision Analysis; AHP; Trafficability

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Arshad, Hifsa, and Sumera Batool. "Role of Print Media in Reporting Conflicts Between India and Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis of Pakistani and Indian English Dailies (Jan 2016_Feb 2019)." Global Digital & Print Media Review VI, no. I (2023): 298–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gdpmr.2023(vi-i).24.

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The significance of print media in shaping public opinion is highlighted in this report from January 2016 to February 2019 by analyzing the disputes between India and Pakistan. It explores the water dispute, cross-border terrorism, the Kashmir conflict, and Line of Control (LoC) violations, which are four of the most divisive topics. The study also analyses any peace initiatives or bilateral discussions that have taken place between the two countries and looks at the coverage that these events received in a few print media publications. Incidents like the Pathankot incident, Uri attack, Kulbhushan Jadhav case, Burhan Wani's passing, ongoing ceasefire violations, worries about human rights in Kashmir, disagreements over projects like Kishanganga and Rattle hydropower, and the most recent Pulwama attack created palpable tensions between the two countries. The active coverage of print media in both countries provides important insight into the regional powerhouse newspapers' objectives.

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Vimesh, Puja, Ramesh Chander, Shivani Mehta, and Shyam Singh. "Distribution and Determinants of Hypertension in Field Practice Area of CMC&H Bungal Pathankot, Punjab, India." JMS SKIMS 20, no. 1 (2017): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33883/jms.v20i1.308.

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Blood pressure in a population follows Gaussian curve distribution with no real separation between normotension and hypertension. (1) Essential hypertension may be considered to be the result of interactions between genes and environment (2). Important environmental factors are obesity, smoking, family history, physical inactivity, dietary excess of sodium and fat, high income with sedentary habits, education, occupation etc. (3).  Material and methods: Present study is a cross sectional one, conducted in field practice area of Chintpurni Medical College & Hospital Bungal, Pathankot (CMC & H), Punjab (India). Criteria of Hypertension were defined using JNC7. It defines hypertension as blood pressure more than 140/90 mm of Hg. The data was collected during the month of October 2014 Results: Illiterate v/s education 12-16 years, prevalence was 57.05 % and 23.52% respectively (p=.0001, highly significant). In our study prevalence among students was lowest 6.89% and the house wives highest 52.17% (p=.008, highly significant). Similarly association with respect to education, occupation, monthly income, BMI, family history, table salt intake, non-vegetarian diet, smoking, etc. was highly significant (p <.01 at 99% CI). JMS 2017; 20(1):31-37

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Bons, Harsimrat K., K. S. Gill, and J. S. Sarabha. "Evaluation and comparative performance of six loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) varieties under Punjab conditions." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 4 (2016): 1831–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i4.1049.

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Evaluation and comparative performance of six loquat Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. cultivars viz. selections, pathankot, tanaka, golden yellow, pale yellow and improved golden yellow was studied under Punjab conditions in 2012-13 and 2013-14. The main objective of the study was to evaluate and recommend the loquat variety with higher yield potential and better fruit quality for the growers of Punjab. Among the six varieties of loquat, cv. Tanaka was found most promising on the basis of the maximum fruit weight (23.5g), fruits per cluster (12), fruit length (4.5cm) fruit breadth (3.64 cm) Pulp weight (29.52g) fruit yield (34.0g),TSS (11.03%.) with minimum acidity (1.12%), seed weight and seed number. Moreover â€˜Tanakaâ€™ fruits had higher consumer acceptance (7.83 out of 9) as compared to other loquat varieties under comparison. These varieties were compared with recommended varieties as standard check. The study indicate that cv Tanaka has the potential to excel under Punjab conditions as compared with the prior existing cultivation.

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Gahalaut, V. K., and R. Chander. "On interseismic elevation changes observed near 75.5° E longitude in the NW Himalaya." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 89, no. 3 (1999): 837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0890030837.

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Abstract We interpret in this article the available observations of interseismic elevation changes along the Pathankot-Dalhousie leveling line near 75.5° E longitude in the NW Himalaya. We find the data consistent with the view that the major earthquakes of this section of the Himalayan convergent plate margin may occur in a manner similar to that inferred for subduction zones along the Pacific rim. In both cases, the main thrust zone (MTZ), a dipwise section of the plate boundary fault (PBF), which ruptures during major earthquakes, is locked in the interseismic period, and the overlying rocks experience downdip drag due to subduction of underlying rocks at the local plate convergence rate. We estimate that the MTZ may have a downdip width of only 25 km in the vicinity of the leveling line. We estimate also that, in the current interseismic period, enough strain may have accumulated already for the next major earthquake of the region.

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Mahajan, Shubham. "Analysis of lipid profile variations in type 2 diabetes patients pre and post COVID-19: Insights from Pathankot." Journal of Immunology and Immunopathology 26, no. 2 (2024): 141–47. https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9149.2024.00020.5.

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Talwar, Paras. "Environmental Effect of Stone Crusher Industry on Riverbed Using Geo- Spatial Techniques: A Case Study in Pathankot District, Punjab." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology V, no. VIII (2017): 2026–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.8286.

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Kaul, Amit, Seema Sharma, and Bikramjit Singh. "Yield Gap Analysis, Economics and Adoption of Sesame Cultivation through Front Line Demonstration in Pathankot District of Punjab, India." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (2020): 1536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.909.194.

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Sharma, Tanu, Arvesh Sharma, Inderpreet Kaur, et al. "Uranium distribution in groundwater and assessment of age dependent radiation dose in Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Pathankot districts of Punjab, India." Chemosphere 219 (March 2019): 607–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.039.

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Bhatia, Sahil, and S. P. Singh. "Assessing Groundwater Use Efficiency and Productivity across Punjab Agriculture: District and Farm Size Perspectives." Agriculture 14, no. 8 (2024): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081299.

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While previous studies have focused on the technical aspects of groundwater extraction and optimal cropping patterns, there is a notable lack of research on the socio-economic factors affecting groundwater access and agricultural productivity, especially at a micro-level in Punjab, India. This study, therefore, investigates the water use efficiency (WUE) and economic water productivity (EWP) of paddy and wheat crops across diverse farm sizes and districts in Punjab, offering critical insights into agricultural water management. The study is based on primary data from Punjab, India, with Sangrur, Jalandhar, Pathankot, and Bathinda districts selected for groundwater profile analysis via multistage random sampling of 246 farmers. Notably, Punjab exhibits high EWP for wheat, surpassing the national average. However, disparities exist across districts, emphasizing the importance of localized interventions. Larger farms consistently demonstrate higher WUE and EWP, underlining the significance of scale in optimizing water inputs. Factors such as farm size, crop variety, and regional variations significantly influence WUE and EWP. Tailored approaches for marginal farmers and districts with lower efficiency are crucial for promoting sustainable agricultural practices. The findings underscore the need for targeted policy interventions to enhance water use efficiency and productivity in Punjab’s agriculture sector.

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Sharma, Amrita, L. D. Singla, Paramjit Kaur, and M. S. Bal. "PCR and ELISAvis-à-visMicroscopy for Detection of Bovine Anaplasmosis: A Study on Associated Risk of an Upcoming Problem in North India." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/352519.

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This investigation demonstrates the status of bovine anaplasmosis caused byA. marginalein bovines from Submountain and Undulating Zone of Punjab. Out of 184 suspected animals, 25 (19.51%), 47 (31.71%), and 78 (68.75%) were positive by microscopy, indirect ELISA, and PCR assay, respectively. The microscopy showed 29% sensitivity and 99% specificity, while ELISA showed 32% sensitivity and 79% specificity in concordance with PCR assay. Five false negative samples by msp1βPCR were reconfirmed forAnaplasmaspp. targeting 16S rRNA gene. The sequence analysis showed the presence forA. marginalespecific restriction site, indicating variation in the local strains of the organism resulting in no amplification with msp1βgene primers. Of 82 samples positive by PCR, 57 were negative by ELISA indicating lower efficacy of ELISA to detect early anaplasmosis. The assessment of risk factor with results of PCR technique indicated that cattle (Odds ratio = 2.884), particularly those of age > 1 years (Odds ratio = 2.204) of district Pathankot (Odds ratio = 3.182) of Submountain Zone (Odds ratio = 2.086), were at high risk of anaplasmosis. All three districts of Submountain Zone are at higher risk indicating the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on the incidence of disease.

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Kaur, Dr. Gagandeep, and Shally Rani. "Well-Being In Relation To Emotional Maturity Among College Students." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 11, no. 6 (2024): 330–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13777443.

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The present study is designed to examine the impact of emotional maturity on well-being of college students. The respondents were students from 2 colleges of Pathankot district which included 184 students both boys and girls selected by Randomly sampling method. The tools of data collection were Psychological well-being scale developed by Sisodia & Choudhary (2012) and Emotional maturity scale developed by Singh & Bhargava (2012). The present study revealed that difference in well-being among college students with respect to gender. Further, it was found that girls students have higher well being score than boys students. The result of this study revealed that difference in emotional maturity among college students with respect to gender. Further, it was found that boys’ students have higher emotional maturity scores than girls’ students. The present study also revealed that positive relationship between well-being and emotional maturity of college students. The present study has implications for educationists, curriculum developers and teachers that while developing the curriculum care should be taken that it provides opportunities for developing emotional maturity of students which in turn would facilitate their well-being and holistic personality.

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Kumar, Prashant. "ASSESSMENT AND MAPPING OF RAINFALL EROSIVITY INDEX (R) FOR MAJHA REGION, PUNJAB IS A STATE IN NORTHERN, INDIA." International Journal of Students' Research in Technology & Management 9, no. 3 (2021): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijsrtm.2021.932.

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Purpose: This study gives a critical assessment of the rainfall erosivity factor (R) for selected sites in the Majha region, representing different locations use of mean monthly rainfall data.  Methodology: By applying empirical methods, the rainfall intensity for all the locations were obtained and was further determined at three different intervals of 30-minutes, 45-minutes and 60-minutes, respectively. The rainfall erosivity factor (R) was calculated by the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). Main Findings: Using RUSLE, the rainfall erosivity factor (R) for each of the locations was measured as follows; EI = 3878.49 (MJmmha-1hr-1), EI = 4013.71 (MJmmha-1hr-1), EI = 4302.24 (MJmmha-1hr-1) for Majha region of Amritsar, Tarntaran and Pathankot respectively. A close observation of the data obtained revealed that as rainfall intensity increased with the duration, the rainfall erosivity index reduced or decreased. Implications of study: Nevertheless, it is expected that if proper cover crop and management practices are applied despite the region, the study area falls within, rainfall erosivity can be cushioned, thus reducing further erosion tendencies and enhancing food production chances from productive lands within the area. The novelty of study: The rainfall erosivity factor (R) was calculated by the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE).

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Mehta, Sandeep, Andrews Navin Kumar, Gaurav Dua, and Shanender Singh Sambyal. "Incidence of mid facial fractures in armed forces personnel and their families: a retrospective five year study." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 1 (2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20195577.

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Background: Incidences of mid facial fractures in armed forces personnel and their families is rising due to increase in motorized population and high speed road traffic. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence, etiology, diagnosis, management and complication of mid facial fractures.Methods: A 5 year retrospective study was conducted at tertiary dental care center at Pathankot, Bathinda and Kolkata. Total of 511 cases of midfacial fractures were managed at this centre. 87% of patients were managed with open reduction and internal fixation and 13% indirect reduction and conservative management. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year. Results: 96% patients recovered uneventfully, while 4% patients had post-operative complications such as malocclusion, paraesthesia, enophthalmos, diplopia, facial asymmetry, palpability and exposure of implants.Conclusions: The midface is composed of wafer thin sheets of cortical bones which get fractured easily. It is very important to obtain near to facial form, function and aesthetics by reconstructing the horizontal and vertical buttresses of face.

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Saini, Alka, Priyanka Sharma, and Tariq Iqbal. "A Study on Knowledge Level of Farmers Regarding Paddy Straw Management in Punjab, India." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, no. 2 (2023): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i21844.

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Punjab is the state that contributes the most food grains to the central pool and is mostly an agricultural state. Small and marginal farmers are the backbone of Indian agriculture. Majority of the holdings are medium and number of such holdings are increasing with fragmentation of land. So, the present study was conducted with the objective of studying the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents. Data were collected from Pathankot and Gurdaspur district of Punjab. Two blocks was selected from each district and from total four blocks 25 respondents were selected randomly to make sample size of 100 respondents. It was found that vast proportion of respondents belonged to old age category. Youth is moving abroad and showing less interest in agriculture sector. Significant percentage of respondents (49 percent) were found to have attained schooling up to matric level and most of the respondents belong to nuclear family. It was found that though having good farming experience and education level, farmers of the state were not sticking to the recommended practices and resource use levels. The information of operational landholding of the respondents was classified into Small, Semi- medium, Medium and Large categories and mostly respondents have medium landholding i.e. 4-10 acre of land. The findings also revealed that respondents who attended more training and had more extension contacts have high knowledge level regarding paddy straw management.

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Kumar, Krishan, Harpal Singh, Vijay Dattu, Vaibhav Khosla, and Mandeep Mittal. "Effect of iodine impregnated plastic adhesive drapes in preventing surgical site infection post spine surgeries." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 9, no. 4 (2023): 776–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20232001.

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Background: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) complicates roughly 1-3% of orthopaedic surgeries. This study aimed to assess the effect of iodine impregnated plastic adhesive drapes (PAD) in preventing surgical site infection post spine surgeries. Methods: This non-randomized experimental study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedics, of a tertiary care hospital in Pathankot, Punjab, from January 1, 2022 till July 31, 2022, in which adult patients who underwent elective spine surgeries involving cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine and requiring post-operative care of at least 3 days were included. Every alternate patient received iodine impregnated surgical incise plastic adhesive drape (3M ioban 2) for draping before the skin incision. The patients were followed up on for six months after surgery. Results: It was observed a significantly higher duration of surgery in the PAD group, as compared to those without PAD (140.4±45.6 vs 112.5±36.7 mins, p value <0.05). Furthermore, length of incision was not significantly different between the two patient groups (15.4±6.6 vs 17.3±8.5 cm, p value = 0.71). It was observed that overall infection rate in our study population was 3.85% (n=3). It was found to be 3% in the patients with iodine impregnated PAD and 5% in patients without iodine impregnated PAD, with no significant difference between them (p value = 0.88). Conclusions: We found no data supporting or denying the use of iodine impregnated PAD for lowering the incidence of SSI in patients having elective spine surgery cases.

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Shehnaz, I. B. Prasher, Naushad Ahmad, et al. "Live Biomass of Rigidoporus vinctus: A Sustainable Method for Decoloration and Detoxification of Dyes in Water." Microorganisms 11, no. 6 (2023): 1435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061435.

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In this study, white-rot fungus, Rigidoporus vinctus, collected from an unidentified fallen twig from Pathankot, Punjab, India, was used for biosorption of anionic Congo red and cationic Methylene blue dyes from an aqueous medium. The biosorption efficiency of the live biomass of Rigidoporus vinctus was investigated to optimize biosorbent dosage, process time, concentrations of dyes, and pH of solutions. The results indicated that Rigidoporus vinctus is more efficient than other reported bio-adsorbents for Congo red and Methylene blue dyes. The maximum biosorption activity of Rigidoporus vinctus for Congo red was found at pH 2, and that for Methylene blue was at pH 10, after 24 h of the reaction period. The process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, which indicated that the interaction of both dyes to the adsorption sites on the surface of Rigidoporus vinctus was responsive to biosorption. The biosorption process could be well explained by the Langmuir isotherm for both dyes. The maximum monolayer biosorption capacity of Rigidoporus vinctus for Congo red and Methylene blue was observed to be 54.0 mg/g and 80.6 mg/g, respectively. The seed germination test was carried out, and it was assessed that the toxicity of dyes was reduced up to significant levels. Based on the present experimental findings, it can be concluded that biosorption using the live biomass of Rigidoporus vinctus can effectively decolorize dye-containing wastewater, thus reducing the hazardous effects of dyes on human beings.

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Kumar, Krishan, Harpal Singh, Vaibhav Khosla, Mandeep Mittal, and Vijay Dattu. "Interlocking nailing for treating comminuted fractures of the shaft of femur." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 9, no. 6 (2023): 1138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20233270.

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Background: The fracture of the femoral shaft is one of the most frequent fractures seen in orthopaedic practise. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the operative procedure for managing communited fractures of the femoral shaft using interlocking fixation. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Pathankot, Punjab, with patients who presented to our emergency department as participants. We included all patients over the age of 18 who presented to our emergency department with a comminuted femoral shaft fracture. All patients underwent interlocking nailing. Results: During the study period, 62 patients fulfilled our inclusion and exclusion criteria, 79% of which were males. In the present study, 50% of the patients demonstrated clinical union of the fracture in 12 to 14 weeks, 24% had clinical union in 10 to 12 weeks, while 26% had clinical union in 14 to 16 weeks. Similarly, majority of the patients showed radiological union of the fracture in 16 to 18 weeks (48%). Radiological union occurred in 23% in 14 to 16 weeks and in 29% in 18 to 20 weeks. Majority (77%) of the patients stayed in hospital for 10 to 14 days and the functional outcome as measured by Klemm and Borner criteria was excellent in 63% patients. Infection (5%) and limb length discrepancy less than 5 mm (3%) were the only complications observed in our patient population. Conclusions: Our results show that Interlocking nailing results in good functional outcome with minimal complications.

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Kumar, Krishan, Harpal Singh, Vaibhav Khosla, Mandeep Mittal, and Vijay Dattu. "Dynamic hip screw versus proximal femoral nail in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 9, no. 6 (2023): 1167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20233258.

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Background: As the elderly population grows, the number of hip fractures continues to increase. This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of dyanamic hip screw and proximal femoral nail in the fixation of intertrochanteric fracture of femur. Methods: After obtaining approval of the ethics committee, a prospective study was conducted in the department of orthopedics, SKR Hospital, Pathankot from January 2021 till December 2022. Informed consent was taken from patients who fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria and relevant clinical information was collected, including intra and post-operative details. Results: During the study period, 65 patients with intertrochanteric fracture were included in the study, of which 33 were treated with PFN and 32 with DHS. It was observed that 91% of the patients who underwent PFN had blood loss less than 100 ml, while 72% of the patients who had DHS had blood loss between 100-300 ml. Mobilization started on the first postoperative day in 67% of PFN patients while as compared to 13% of DHS patients (p value <0.01). Among late complications, there was one case of implant failure among PFN cases, while there were two cases of non-union, two cases of implant failure and one case of late infection among DHS group of patients. It was observed that 91% of PFN group patients had excellent outcomes, while outcome was excellent in 66% of DHS group patients. Conclusions: Our study showed that PFN is a superior method of osteosynthesis as compared to DHS in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures.

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Kaur, Gagandeep, and Rajwinder Singh. "Analysis of Chemical Pollutants using Non-Invasive Approach in Indian Flying Fox (Pteropus giganteus) in Selected Regions of Punjab." Environment and Ecology 42, no. 1 (2024): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.60151/envec/auya2089.

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Present study was conducted to estimate heavy metals, macro and micro nutrients along with pesticide residues in fecal pellets of Pteropus giganteus fruit bat at three different sites, Chatpat Bani (district Pathankot) site I, village Katani Kalan (district Ludhiana) site II and village Longowal (district Sangrur) as site III. Among heavy metals, Cr predominates (17.35-26.30 ppm) followed by Pb (7.17-10.03 ppm) from three selected sites. Comparatively, higher levels of Cr, Pb, Cd and Ni heavy metals were recorded at site III, whereas As at site II, respectively. Among macro nutrients, K (7653.50-16927.17 ppm) and Mg (3249.33-3516.10 ppm) predominates in three sites. Comparatively higher levels of Mg, Ca and Na macro nutrients were recorded at site III whereas K and P at site I, respectively. Among micro nutrients, Fe (682.88-2069.45 ppm) and Zn (79.18-126.02 ppm predominates in three selected sites. Comparatively higher levels Fe, Zn and Mn micro nutrients were recorded at site II, B at site III and Cu at site I, respectively. Interestingly, contamination of pesticide residues in faecal pellets was found negligible as GLC showed values below detectable limits i.e., <0.05 ppm in all selected locations, which is a positive sign that exposure of bats to different pesticides is negligible in these areas due to less usage of pesticides or excretion by body. In present study, all elements were under permissible limits which are required for growth and reproduction except Mg and K which are good indicator of assessment of environment.

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Kumar, Krishan, Harpal Singh, Vijay Dattu, Vaibhav Khosla, and Mandeep Mittal. "Functional outcome of patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation treated by minimally invasive microdiscectomy." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 9, no. 4 (2023): 690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20231987.

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Background: The disorder lumbosacral radiculopathy affects the function of one or more lumbosacral nerve roots. The aim of this research is to understand the clinical and epidemiological features of patients diagnosed with disc herniation and treated at our facility using minimally invasive microdisectomy. Methods: From August 2021 to August 2022, we conducted a prospective research in the Department of Orthopedics at a tertiary care hospital in Pathankot. During the study period, all patients over the age of 18 who presented with complaints of leg or back pain, or other neurological symptoms supported by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) suggestive of disc herniation, were included. All patients were operated using a minimally invasive micro lumbar discectomy method. Results: The majority of patients had less than 100 mL of blood loss (75%) and 72% underwent surgery in less than an hour. Only one patient had an intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak and no patient had post-operative infection. It was observed that 81% were admitted for 5 to 8 days. Immediately post-operatively, we observed that 50% had good outcome on MacNab score and 9% had excellent functional outcome. At the final outcome at 6 months, 44% had good functional outcome and 47% had an excellent functional outcome. At the final outcome at 6 months, 44% had good and 50% had excellent functional outcomes. Conclusions: The findings of our study can aid us in budgeting and infrastructure planning for disc herniation patients. Long-term clinical outcomes in these individuals should be the focus of future study.

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Kalpana Acharya, Neeraj Dhar, and Syed Mushfiq Shafi. "Laparoscopy: An answer to ascites of undetermined origin: Retrospective study." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 14, no. 3 (2022): 586–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.14.3.0609.

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Background: Ascites, many of times remained unclassified by Clinical, laboratory and radiological tests. Laparoscopy provides answer to these cases as it has high diagnostic role, Pre therapeutic, Observation and staging of diseases & therapeutic roles. Diagnostic laparoscopy is a cost-effective procedure with overall high accuracy. Methods: This was a Retrospective study including all the patients who have been explored for exudative ascites. The study was conducted at Amandeep Hospital Pathankot, Punjab, India in all patients admitted in the department of gastroenterology in collaboration with department of general surgery from June 2015 to June 2022. Fifty patients with low SAAG ascites were included for the study, who underwent laparoscopy to find out various etiologies of ascites. Results: Most of the patients in our study were in age group of 21-40(50%) years with mean age of 38 years. 60% were females, while as 40% were males. Ascitic fluid analysis revealed a predominance of lymphocytes on cytological analysis in (75%), exudative (SAAG<1.1g/dl) in (95%) of patients. High Ascitic fluid ADA was found in (70%). Culture of ascitic fluid & ZN Staining was positive in none. Abdominal CT scan, Peritoneal and mesenteric thickening (60%) and mesenteric adenopathy (50%), peritoneal nodes in (26%) of cases. The predominant laparoscopic findings of the patients in our study were ascites (100%), peritoneal nodules (88%), adhesions (70%), and Congested peritoneum (64%). Cirrhosis was also noted in (10%) cases. Most common postoperative diagnosis of the patients were abdominal tuberculosis (60%), abdominal malignancy (24%). Cirrhosis was in (8%) cases and unremarkable in (8%) of patients. Conclusion: It can be safely concluded that diagnostic laparoscopy is a safe, quick, and effective adjunct to diagnostic modalities, for establishing a conclusive diagnosis, but, whether, it will replace imaging studies as the primary modality for diagnosis, needs more evidence.

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Kalpana, Acharya, Dhar Neeraj, and Mushfiq Shafi Syed. "Laparoscopy: An answer to ascites of undetermined origin: Retrospective study." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 14, no. 3 (2022): 586–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7732432.

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Background: Ascites, many of times remained unclassified by Clinical, laboratory and radiological tests. Laparoscopy provides answer to these cases as it has high diagnostic role, Pre therapeutic, Observation and staging of diseases & therapeutic roles. Diagnostic laparoscopy is a cost-effective procedure with overall high accuracy. Methods: This was a Retrospective study including all the patients who have been explored for exudative ascites. The study was conducted at Amandeep Hospital Pathankot, Punjab, India in all patients admitted in the department of gastroenterology in collaboration with department of general surgery from June 2015 to June 2022. Fifty patients with low SAAG ascites were included for the study, who underwent laparoscopy to find out various etiologies of ascites. Results: Most of the patients in our study were in age group of 21-40(50%) years with mean age of 38 years. 60% were females, while as 40% were males. Ascitic fluid analysis revealed a predominance of lymphocytes on cytological analysis in (75%), exudative (SAAG<1.1g/dl) in (95%) of patients. High Ascitic fluid ADA was found in (70%). Culture of ascitic fluid & ZN Staining was positive in none. Abdominal CT scan, Peritoneal and mesenteric thickening (60%) and mesenteric adenopathy (50%), peritoneal nodes in (26%) of cases. The predominant laparoscopic findings of the patients in our study were ascites (100%), peritoneal nodules (88%), adhesions (70%), and Congested peritoneum (64%). Cirrhosis was also noted in (10%) cases. Most common postoperative diagnosis of the patients were abdominal tuberculosis (60%), abdominal malignancy (24%). Cirrhosis was in (8%) cases and unremarkable in (8%) of patients. Conclusion: It can be safely concluded that diagnostic laparoscopy is a safe, quick, and effective adjunct to diagnostic modalities, for establishing a conclusive diagnosis, but, whether, it will replace imaging studies as the primary modality for diagnosis, needs more evidence.

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Kaul, Amit, Charanjeet Kaur, and Guriqbal Singh. "Performance of Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) under different sowing dates in sub-mountainous area of Punjab." LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, of (November 28, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/lr-3857.

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A field experiment was conducted at Regional Research Station (Punjab Agricultural University) Gurdaspur and Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pathankot during the spring season of 2016, to determine the performance of kidney bean genotypes at different sowing dates under sub-mountainous conditions of Punjab. The two kidney bean genotypes i.e. red and speckled were evaluated for yield potential at two locations by adopting different sowing dates viz., 20th January, 1st February, 10th February and 20th February, 2016. The treatments were laid out in split plot design with four replications by keeping sowing dates in main plots and genotypes in sub plots. Among different dates of sowing, crop sown on 10th February showed superiority than other dates through higher emergence count per meter row length, plant height, branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per pod, length of pod, biological yield and seed yield. The seed yield in February 10 sown crop was 66.4, 33.3 and 21.7 per cent higher than February 20, January 10 and February 1 sown crop, respectively at Gurdaspur. Similarly, at Pathankot, the percent increase in seed yield in February 10 sown crop was 36.0 and 7.2 per cent as compared to February 20 and February 1 sown crop, respectively. The kidney bean genotype speckled produced significantly higher yield attributes (seeds per pod, length of pod and 100 seed weight) and seed yield at both Gurdaspur and Pathankot (935.1 and 823.1 kg per ha, respectively) as compared to red genotype. Therefore, it can be concluded that to attain higher productivity of kidney beans, the speckled genotype could be used for cultivation by adopting February 10 as the optimum time of sowing in the sub-mountainous area of Punjab.

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"Determinants of Gross Income in Border Area of Punjab: A Case Study." Indian Journal of Economics and Development, November 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35716/ijed-23206.

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The present survey-based study deals with an estimation of the level of income and identification of major determinants of per capita income of rural labour and marginal farmer households in bordering areas of Pathankot and Tarn Taran districts of Punjab. The study was conducted from September 2020 to August 2021 with a total sample size of 151 respondents. For rural labour households, the average annual gross income was estimated to be merely `92770 and 84438 in Pathankot and Tarn Taran districts, respectively. Meanwhile, for marginal farmer households, such estimates were ` 174670 and 234047 in the two districts, respectively. The study also analysed the reasons for the low income levels of the sampled respondents. Notably, the size of the family had adversely affected the per capita income of both types of respondents. On the other hand, operational land holding of marginal farmer households had significantly pushed up per capita income. Based on the analytical findings, certain recommendations were made for promoting agriculture and allied activities and employment opportunities in the border areas of sampled districts.

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Nidhi, Gupta, Mahvesh Sheikh, Gupta Mamta, and Jyoti Aman. "A HOSPITAL BASED CERVICAL PAP SMEAR STUDY IN DISTRICT PATHANKOT." December 14, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5831502.

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Vaasu, Sharma, and Lutmar Carmela. "Triangular Ties: Exploring India-Israel Strategic Cooperation Amidst India-Pakistan Relations." Journal of Social and Political Sciences 8, no. 2 (2025). https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1991.08.02.574.

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The article assesses how the dynamics of India-Pakistan conflicts facilitate the advancement of India-Israel strategic alliances in defense and counter-terrorism efforts. By analyzing pivotal events (Kargil Crisis, Mumbai Attacks, Pathankot Attack), the article clarifies the significance of shared security apprehensions and political environments in enhancing bilateral relations. The analysis indicates that the discord with Pakistan has led India to strategically engage with Israel pragmatically, thereby cultivating a strong partnership in the face of regional volatility.

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Sehgal, Ramesh Kumar, Abhishek Pratap Singh, Ningthoujam Premjit Singh, Christopher Gilbert, Biren Patel, and Rajeev Patnaik. "First report of rodents from the Miocene Siwalik locality of Dunera, Pathankot District, Punjab, India." Palaeontologia Electronica, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1308.

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Singh, Abhishek Pratap, Shivani Pandey, Ramesh Kumar Sehgal, and Ningthoujam Premjit Singh. "Fluvial ichnofossil assemblage from the Miocene Siwalik succession of Pathankot District, Punjab, India: Palaeoenvironmental interpretation." Journal of Earth System Science 133, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12040-023-02223-w.

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Rani, Franky, and Raj Bala. "STUDY OF ACADEMIC STRESS OF STUDENTS IN GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS." SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR HUMANITY SCIENCE AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE 10, no. 52 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.21922/srjhsel.v10i52.11507.

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In today’s highly competitive world students face various academic problems including academic stress ,disinterest in attending classes and inability to understand the subject. The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of academic stress among secondary school in with respect to type of school, gender, locality, types of subject(Math & English),types of family and working status of mothers. All the students belongs to 9th standard studying in pathankot district. The study falls under the domain of descriptive research. The data was collected through standardized academic stress scale developed by A. O. Busari(2010). Mean standard deviation and t- test were conducted for analysis of data. Mean Scores of government school students higher as compared to private school students So government schools should arrange yoga activities in their schools that helpful in reducing stress levels.

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Diksha, Priyanka Sharma, and Tariq Iqbal. "Knowledge Level of Punjab Litchi Growers about Integrated Pest Management Strategies." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, February 5, 2023, 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i11839.

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The present study was carried out in 2021-2022, to estimate the socio-economic characteristics and the Knowledge level of the Litchi growers regarding Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices. The study was conducted in the Pathankot and Gurdaspur districts of Punjab in India. From each district, two blocks were selected having the maximum number of litchi growers and from each selected, 25 respondents were selected randomly from the procured list of litchi growers from the horticulture department to make a sample size of 100 respondents. Results revealed that respondents above the age group of 50 years are more involved in litchi growing. The majority of the respondents were educated. Maximum respondents had attended training but had low mass media exposure regarding IPM. More than half of the respondents had a medium to high level of knowledge and very few respondents had a low level of knowledge.

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Saranjeet Kour and Franky Rani. "Perceived Parenting Style and Self Concept of Indian Adolescents- Moderating Role of Gender." MIER Journal of Educational Studies Trends & Practices, January 1, 2021, 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52634/mier/2018/v8/i1/1404.

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The present study focused on parenting styles and its impact on the self-concept of secondary school students. The sample consisted of 200 adolescent students of class 9th and 10th of schools of Pathankot city. Data was analysed by using correlation and hierarchical multiple regression. Moderate and significant correlations were observed between parenting styles (democratic, autocratic and accepting) and self-concept of the adolescents. To detect the overall effect of gender as moderator in the relationship between parenting styles and self-concept of adolescents, the R2 values of the regression model that included parenting styles, i.e. democratic, autocratic and accepting and their interactions with gender was compared with the regression model having parenting styles without interaction terms. No significant interaction effect of gender of adolescent and parenting styles (democratic, autocratic and accepting) was observed in the analysis. Democratic parenting style was the strongest predictor of self-concept among adolescents. Parents must be taught that parenting should involve an appropriate balance of warmth and restrictiveness.

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"Regional Disparities in Industrial Development: Evidence from Districts of Punjab." Indian Journal of Economics and Development, December 14, 2020, 526–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35716/ijed/20104.

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The economic development of any region can be achieved by improving the factors of the industrial sector. Inter-district industrial sector development disparity of the state is the major obstacle in the process of balanced economic development. In this backdrop, the present study was undertaken to examine the relative performance of 22 districts of the state of Punjab in terms of industrial development at different points of time (1991, 2001, and 2017). Using Wroclow Taxonomic Method, a district-level industrial sector development index (ISDI) was constructed with the help of 9 indicators of the industrial sector to identify the development of the districts. The results confirmed that there were considerable disparities in industrial development in Punjab. The districts near to the Grant Trunk road were more industrially developed due to location advantages as compared to other districts of the state. The district Ludhiana was the best district among all districts in terms of industrial progress. S.A.S Nagar, Fatehgarh Sahib, Sangrur, Jalandhar and Patiala were labelled as improving districts, whereas the districts Tarn Taran, Pathankot, Fazilka, Muktsar, Moga, Mansa and Faridkot identified as industrially backward districts.

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Srivastava, Vikas, Ahijit Banerjee, Harjot Singh, and Sanjaya Kumar Gupta. "A retrospective study of mortality benefit provided by single dose COVID vaccine at society level during second wave of COVID at a zonal hospital." International journal of health sciences, April 4, 2022, 823–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns3.5507.

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Since December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused high morbidity and mortality, with new variants rapidly spreading. Vaccines to prevent corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19) have been developed with unprecedented speed. An open, real-time, retrospective observational study was conducted at 167 Military Hospital, Pathankot. Data was available for 490 Covid 19 patients. The population of interest was 18-87 years old patients who were treated for moderate to severe covid pneumonia irrespective of the vaccination status. Vaccination history was documented on admission. We also documented awareness regarding the name of covid-19 vaccine administered to the patients admitted in this hospital. Between 08 Dec 2020, and 20 Jun 2021, 490 patients aged 18 years and older were treated for moderate to severe covid pneumonia. Out of these 490 patients, 132 patients had received first dose of covid-19 vaccine 14 days prior to onset of symptoms. Mortality happened in 55 patients out of which seven patients had received vaccine (p<0.05). Overall, there is very poor awareness regarding the type of covid-19 vaccine being administered to the patients.

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Bakhtiar, Fraz, Muhammad Ismail, and Fawad Baig. "Pak–India relations: A comparative analysis of political cartoons." Media, War & Conflict, July 1, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17506352231184156.

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A picture is worth than a thousand words. Political cartoons are an important genre in media content and can be used as a tool for propaganda in peace and war times. Permanent hostilities and rising media outlets in the region between India and Pakistan increased the importance of media to cool down hostilities. This study attempts to explore the role of political cartoons in escalated tensions between India and Pakistan, due to the Uri base and Pathankot terrorist attacks in 2016. Therefore, two daily newspapers – DAWN from Pakistan and Times of India from India – published from 1 July 2016 to 31 December 2016 were selected for frame analysis. Findings revealed that both newspapers published 82 cartoons relevant to the study, 29 in DAWN and 53 in Times of India. Analysis of the data reveals that five themes are present in the cartoon content: blame game, Kashmir conflict, role of international actors, peace efforts and dialogue, and water dispute. Blaming the other is dominant in the Times of India and peace efforts and dialogue in DAWN. The Times of India mostly supported Indian government and DAWN rejected the Pakistani stance in cartoon coverage regarding Pak–India relations.

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"Paving the Way for Diversified Agriculture in Punjab: Value Chain Analysis of Black Gram." Indian Journal of Economics and Development, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35716/ijed-23332.

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This study examined the dynamics of the black gram crop value chain in Punjab, focusing on farmers' willingness to participate. A sample of 60 mash growers from 16 villages in Pathankot and Gurdaspur districts was analyzed. The study identified major channels and value-added products, finding market Channel-I most preferred by growers. Six value chains involving processors were identified, with wholesalers receiving the highest share of marketable surplus. The most efficient channels were observed to be Channel V and VI, in which processors were involved. Among the agri-value chains (Channels-V and VI), the study also revealed the producer's share in the consumer rupee, with VCPB-II having the highest share at 69.18 per cent, followed by VCPB-I at 67.15 per cent, VCBF at 48.39 per cent, VCW at 29.03 per cent and VCN-II at 23.06 per cent. The study also explores growers' perceptions and willingness to engage in value chains, revealing that 53 per cent were interested in government support. The policy options from the study included transport incentives, capacity building for higher production, and encouragement of processors to enhance black gram cultivation and benefit farmers, contributing to sustainable crop diversification in Punjab.

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Sharma, Sonam, and Abhishek Walia. "Screening and characterization of antibiotic producing bacteria from rhizospheric soil against fungal phytopathogens." Journal of Plant Research and Innovations 1, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.61577/jpri.2023.100002.

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In this study, antagonistic bacteria were isolated from rhizospheric soil collected from Himachal Pradesh (i.e., Solan and Hamirpur) and Punjab (i.e., Jalandhar and Pathankot). Sixty- eight bacteria were isolated and screened for antifungal activity against Botrytis oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium oxysporum. Three isolates, i.e., S7, S57, and S51, showed maximum inhibition for antifungal activity by using the agar streak method and were further selected for in vitro characterization. In vitro antifungal antibiotic study by using agar diffusion assay of isolates, i.e., S7, S57, and S51 at O.D. 2.0 showed maximum inhibition of 99% against Botyritis oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum, and Aspergillus flavus after seven days of incubation. Antibiotic assays using cell-free supernatant of antagonistic bacterial isolates, i.e., S7 and S57, showed complete inhibition at 10% against Botyritis oryzae and Fusarium oxysporum, whereas isolate S51 showed complete inhibition at 20% against Aspergillus flavus. The bacterial isolates were partially identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics. The selected antagonistic bacterial isolates S7 and S57 appeared to be similar to Bacillus sp. and S51 to Actinomycete sp. Thus, the present study concludes that these bacterial isolates could serve as proficient biocontrol inoculants in the integrated management of soil-borne diseases in different crops under natural environmental conditions.

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Chopra, Chahat, Sabha Jeet, Sonali Bhagat, Shahina Tabassum, and Rajendra Bhanwaria. "Morphological and phytochemical characteristics of Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) W.Watson cultivars at different harvest intervals in the Western Himalayas, India." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, May 10, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.14354.

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AbstractBACKGROUNDLemongrass is valued primarily for its essential oil, which is rich in monoterpenes such as citral and geranyl acetate – compounds known for their anti‐inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. This field study evaluated the morphological and phytochemical characteristics of ten lemongrass cultivars (‘CKP‐25’, ‘JOR‐LAB‐2’, ‘RRL‐16’, ‘OD‐19’, ‘Pragati’, ‘Krishna’, ‘Citratus’, ‘CF‐Kavery’, ‘Kalam’, and ‘Pathankot’) under Western Himalayan conditions, with assessments conducted at 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after planting.RESULTSThe highest essential oil (EO) yields were recorded in cultivars ‘CKP‐25’ (369.75 ± 4.89 kg ha−1) and ‘Krishna’ (369.35 ± 4.66 kg ha−1). The EO content ranged from 0.12% to 1.92%, with the lowest in ‘RRL‐16’ (0.12 ± 0.02%) and the highest in ‘Citratus’ (1.92 ± 0.12%). Citral content peaked at the 75‐day harvest in cultivars ‘Krishna’ (94.78 ± 4.08%) and ‘RRL‐16’ (94.63 ± 4.51%).CONCLUSIONThe tested cultivars exhibited excellent adaptability to the Western Himalayan environment. Based on EO yield and quality, cultivars ‘CKP‐25’, ‘Krishna’, and ‘RRL‐16’ were identified as the most promising. In most cultivars, higher EO content and citral levels were observed at the 75‐day harvest. In future studies, combined assessment of agronomic traits and EO profile could serve as an effective approach for cultivar screening. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

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-, Jagdish Singh. "Professional Commitment of Secondary School Teachers with Respect to Their Gender and Mode of Appointment." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 6, no. 3 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i03.23690.

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Abstract:

Professional Commitment of teachers has been identified as one of the most critical factors for the future success of education. The aim of the present study was to find out the difference in professional commitment of secondary school teachers with respect to gender, locality and mode of appointment. Descriptive survey method was used by the researcher to conduct this study. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the sample consisting of 100 male and 100 female secondary school teachers from Rural and Urban areas from district Pathankot in Punjab state. Further 50 teachers appointed on contractual basis and 50 regular appointed teachers were selected randomly from each area from all 200 sample. To assess the professional commitment, Professional Commitment Scale for Teachers (2011) developed by Dr. Ravinder Kaur, Dr. Sarbjit Kaur Ranu, Mrs. Sarvjeet Kaur Brar was used. To find out the difference in professional commitment among secondary school teachers, t-value as statistical techniques was employed to analyze the data. Results of the present study revealed no significant difference in Professional Commitment with respect to the gender while significant difference was there in case of locality and mode of appointment. Teachers belonging to Rural area were found more professionally committed than that of teachers from Urban area and teachers appointed on regular basis were found more professionally committed than that of contract basis teachers.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pathankot'

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