Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pathogens in sludge

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Pathogens in sludge'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pathogens in sludge"

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Chale-Matsau, J. R. B., and H. G. Snyman. "The survival of pathogens in soil treated with wastewater sludge and in potatoes grown in such soil." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 5 (2006): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.559.

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The prevalence of pathogens on potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) grown in soil amended with a pathogen rich wastewater sludge was investigated. Bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae are important pathogens causing intestinal and systemic illness of humans and other animals. Type B sludge was used. Sludges investigated are the high metal and the low metal sludges. Microorganisms in the sludge-amended soil were using culture-based technique. Salmonella and E. coli were observed in tested soil samples. No microorganisms were isolated from control samples taken throughout the process of the experiment. At harvest time, some of the potato samples from LMS soil were contaminated. These potatoes were subjected to further investigation using molecular techniques (polymerase chain reaction) with fD1 and rP2 as primers. Organisms identified from the sequenced potato peel samples with the BLAST search tool included Enterobacter agglomerans (Pantoea agglomerans), several Buttiauxella spp., Pectobacterium spp., Erwinia spp. and a few Pantoea spp. Other than the E. agglomerans, which is commonly found in the gut and upper respiratory tract of humans and in the environment, all the other species identified were found to be mainly either plant or soil pathogens. The E. agglomerans are not primary pathogens but secondary opportunistic pathogens particularly in immuno-compromised individuals. These results suggest that growing high risk crops using wastewater sludge contaminated soil may lead to limited infestation of produce with primary pathogens. It appears that the use of HMS due to early pathogen die-off provides less risk of infection than the LMS. However, proper treatment of wastewater sludge to reduce pathogen load is essential prior to its use as soil conditioner.
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Tonkovic, Zlatko. "Aerobic stabilisation criteria for BNR biosolids." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 2 (1998): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0123.

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A research program was undertaken to establish the stability of waste activated sludge generated from seven activated sludge treatment plants, both nutrient removal and conventional, and determine what further treatment is required to produce a substantially stabilised (ie. non-odorous) sludge. It has been previously thought that waste activated sludge from extended aeration plants (sludge age of approximately 25 days) was sufficiently stabilised to permit dewatering and stockpiling without odour generation. However, experience at a number of treatment plants with large unaerated mass fractions for biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus has demonstrated that these sludges are generally odorous. With the increasing requirement for on-site storage of sludge to remove pathogens prior to sludge re-use, odour generation from secondary sludges has the potential to pose significant environmental problems for many treatment plants. The objective of the research program was to quantify the degree of stabilisation achieved in various activated sludge treatment plants, what additional aerobic treatment is required to achieve a stabilised sludge and what are the readily identified characteristics of a stabilised sludge, including volatile solids content, specific oxygen uptake rate and pathogen destruction. The phosphorus leaching characteristics were also compared between various sludges and between continuous and intermittent aerobic digestion process.
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Tonkovic, Zlatko. "Aerobic stabilisation criteria for BNR biosolids." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 6 (1999): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0290.

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A research program was undertaken to establish the stability of waste activated sludge generated from several activated sludge treatment plants, both nutrient removal and conventional, and determine what further treatment is required to produce a substantially stabilised (ie. non-odorous) sludge. It has been previously thought that waste activated sludge from extended aeration plants (sludge age of approximately 25 days) was sufficiently stabilised to permit dewatering and stockpiling without odour generation. However, experience at a number of treatment plants with large unaerated mass fractions for biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus has demonstrated that these sludges are generally odorous. With the increasing requirement for on-site storage of sludge to remove pathogens prior to sludge re-use, odour generation from secondary sludges has the potential to pose significant environmental problems for many treatment plants. The objective of the research program was to quantify the degree of stabilisation achieved in various activated sludge treatment plants, what additional aerobic treatment is required to achieve a stabilised sludge and what are the readily identified characteristics of a stabilised sludge, including volatile solids content, specific oxygen uptake rate and pathogen destruction. The phosphorus leaching characteristics were also compared between various sludges and between continuous and intermittent aerobic digestion processes.
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Navrátilová, P. "Pathogenic micro-organisms in waste waters from daiies." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 18, No. 5 (2000): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8338-cjfs.

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Waste waters from dairies were tested for the presence of bacterial pathogens – Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. The prevalence of bacteria was investigated in each stage of the cleaning process (activated sludges systems) too. Two hunder samples of raw waste water, activated sludge, returned activated sludge, excess sludge and treated water from 14 dairies were tested. The samples were all negative for Salmonella spp. From a total of 102 (51%) strains Listeria spp., Listeria inoccua 95 (47.5%) and Listeria monocytogenes 7 (3.5%) were identified. 47 samples were positive for S. aureus. L. monocytogenes were detected in raw waste water 1 (1.6%), in activated sludge 3 (5.5%), in excess sludge 1 and in treated water 2 (3.1%). S. aureus were detected in raw waste water 14 (22.6%), in activated sludge 23 (41.8%), in excess sludge 1 and in treated water 8 (12.3%). These results demonstrate a prevalence of L. monocytogenes and S. aureus in waste waters from dairies. During the cleaning process pathogenic bacteria were not devitalized. The excess sludge and treated water including pathogenic micro-organisms represent a potential health hazard.
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Elliott, Michael. "Sludge parasites and other pathogens." Marine Pollution Bulletin 24, no. 12 (1992): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(92)90288-h.

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Pulsford, Ann. "Sludge Parasites and Other Pathogens." Aquatic Toxicology 26, no. 1-2 (1993): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-445x(93)90013-q.

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Reimers, R. S., D. B. McDonell, M. D. Little, D. D. Bowman, A. J. Englande, and W. D. Henriques. "Effectiveness of Wastewater Sludge Treatment Processes to Inactivate Parasites." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 7-8 (1986): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0314.

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In the United States, Ascaris spp., Trichuris trichiura, Trichuris vulpis and Toxocara spp. are the most commonly found viable parasites in both treated and untreated municipal sludges. As expected, heat treatment, thermophilic digestion (aerobic and anaerobic) and thermophilic composting were effective in parasite inactivation, and with good sludge digestion (both aerobic and anaerobic), the effectiveness of sludge lagoon storage and sludge drying beds to inactivate parasites and pathogens is greatly enhanced. At present two commercial sludge processes, Chemfixation and Ozonics treatment have shown potential to inactivate parasites.
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Reilly, Maureen. "The Case against Land Application of Sewage Sludge Pathogens." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 12, no. 4 (2001): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/183583.

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There is currently a public debate about whether health, agricultural and environmental authorities should continue to allow sewage sludge to be spread on farmland. Some of the concern in the debate is about the pathogen content of sewage sludge. This concern was heightened by the tragedy at Walkerton whereEschericha coli0157:H7 and other pathogens contaminated the drinking water supply of this Ontario town. The Canadian public were reminded how vulnerable they can be to disease when agricultural practices ajoin population centres without adequate health and environmental controls.
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Huyard, A., B. Ferran, and J. M. Audic. "The two phase anaerobic digestion process: sludge stabilization and pathogens reduction." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 9 (2000): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0166.

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Regulations for land application of wastewater sludges require the performing of treatment with a high efficiency on pathogens reduction. a reduction of 61% of the Volatile Solids content of the sludge, a reduction of fecal coliform, polio virus and Ascaris egg of 5.5, 4.0 and 2.6 respectively are achieved with a thermmophilic/mesophilic Two Phase Anaerobic Digestion process. According to the EPA 40 CFR 503 regulation, the process produces Class A biosolids and could be recommended as a Process to Further Reduce Pathogens.
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Nelson, K. L. "Concentrations and inactivation of Ascaris eggs and pathogen indicator organisms in wastewater stabilization pond sludge." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 2 (2003): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0093.

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During treatment in wastewater stabilization ponds (WSPs) many pathogens, in particular helminth eggs, are concentrated in the sludge layer. Because periodic removal of the sludge is often required, information is needed on the concentrations and inactivation of pathogens in the sludge layer to evaluate the public health risk they pose upon removal of the sludge. In this paper, previous reports on the sludge concentrations of various pathogen indicator organisms and helminth eggs are reviewed and results from our own recent experiments are reported. The advantages and disadvantages of several methods for studying inactivation in the sludge layer are discussed, as well as implications for the management of WSP sludge. In our recent experiments, which were conducted at three WSPs in central Mexico, sludge cores, dialysis chambers, and batch experiments were used to measure the inactivation rates of fecal coliform bacteria, fecal enterococci, F+ coliphage, somatic coliphage, and Ascaris eggs. The first-order inactivation rate constants were found to be approximately 0.1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, and 0.001 d-1, respectively. The concentrations of all the organisms were found to vary both vertically and horizontally in the sludge layer; therefore, to determine the maximum and average concentration of organisms in the sludge layer of a WSP, complete sludge cores must be collected from representative locations throughout the pond.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pathogens in sludge"

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Betmal, Salim Mohamed. "The fate of bacterial enteric pathogens during enhanced treatment of sewage sludge." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406879.

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Dominguez, Sanchez Teodulo. "Reduction of Pathogens in Biosolids in Mexico Using Solar Drying Beds." Thesis, Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1383%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Abbott, Timothy Lawrence. "Effects of metal salts on odour, pathogens, dewaterability and orthophosphate during the anaerobic digestion of municipal waste sludge." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51657.

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This research explores the effects of using common metal salts to address some of the barriers to the wider adoption of anaerobic digestion (AD), which include the generation of corrosive and odourous volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), pathogens remaining in the digestate, along with the re-release nutrients from the digested solids. The effects of chemical addition were studied by adding two different doses of ferric chloride (FC), aluminum sulfate (alum) (AL) and magnesium hydroxide (MG) to the feed of seven lab-scale semi-continuously fed anaerobic digesters. Digesters were operated at mesophilic temperatures (35 ± 2°C) at three different sludge retention times (SRTs) of 20, 12, and 7 days over a one-year period to assess the impacts of dosing on the aforementioned barriers to AD along with the effects of dosing on dewaterability of digested sludge and AD performance and stability. Both doses of FC were very effective in reducing VSCs by up to 87% versus an undosed (control) digester. Both doses of AL increased VSC levels significantly, with the higher dose increasing VSC levels to levels which are extremely dangerous to people and property. Neither level of MG addition had a statistically significant effect on VSCs. The effects of FC on pathogens were mixed with the lower dose showing a modest reduction in pathogens while the higher dose had the opposite effect. Both levels of AL were highly effective in reducing pathogens by up to 86% and may be a valuable tool pathogen reduction targets. Both levels of MG were shown to increase levels of total coliforms and E-coli in digested sludge. FC was far more effective in reducing nutrients in AD effluent versus the control and reduced soluble orthophosphate by nearly 61%. AL was even more effective achieving a near 70% reduction in orthophosphate, while MG had little effect on orthophosphate. None of the compounds appeared to have a significant adverse effect on AD operation at lower organic loading rates, although AL caused digester instability at higher doses and organic loading rates. Neither dose of any of the compounds had a statistically significant effect on sludge dewaterability.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Engineering, School of (Okanagan)<br>Graduate
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Artiola, Janick. "Biosolids Land Use in Arizona." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146291.

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Pires, Marta Siviero Guilherme 1969. "Avaliação da presença de patogenos no lodo liquido estabilizado de ETE (processo aerobio) quando aplicado ao solo arenoso-siltroso." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258455.

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Orientador: Bruno Coraucci Filho<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T18:54:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pires_MartaSivieroGuilherme_D.pdf: 5702842 bytes, checksum: 77ad92c5acda8dafac231e6107994972 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003<br>Resumo: o lodo de esgoto é um resíduo gerado no final do processo de tratamento de esgotos. É produzido em grandes quantidades e há necessidade de promover sua disposição de maneira adequada. A disposição do lodo no solo é uma alternativa que combina reuso e reciclagem de constituintes orgânicos e minerais, pois o lodo contém matéria orgânica e elementos como N e P, que são importantes para o desenvolvimento das plantas. No entanto, este lodo pode estar contaminado por patógenos, como os protozoários e helmintos, ou por metais pesados, causando problemas em relação à disposição. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a presença destes patógenos no solo e no líquido percolado que recebeu aplicação de lodo em 3 dosagens diferentes: 2,5 ; 5,0 e 7,5 TDS/ha, com pH natural e 5,0 TDS/ha pH corrigido, além do grupo controle. Também foram testadas duas formas de desinfecção do lodo: calagem (20, 30 e 50%) e desinfecção natural utilizando a luz solar, sendo que neste experimento, além de helmintos e protozoários, foram feitas análises de coliformes totais e E. colí. Os resultados obtidos para aplicação de lodo no solo mostram que os patógenos concentram-se na camada superficial do solo (0-20cm), e quanto maior a dose de lodo aplicada maior a concentração destes organismos. No líquido percolado não foram detectados patógenos. Os testes de calagem indicam que a 50% os patógenos são eliminados em 15 dias, e o experimento de desinfecção natural também demonstra que este método pode ser utilizado, com eliminação total da E. colítambém em periodo de 15 dias<br>Abstract: Sewage sludge is a residue trom wastewater treatment process that has been produced in large scale and must be disposed appropriatelly. Land disposal of sludge is an altemative that arrange reuse and recicling ot organic and mineral constituints like nitrogen (N) and phosporus (P). However, sludge can be contamined with pathogens, helminth and protozoan, or heavy metal, causing problems with disposal. The objective was to evaluate the pathogens in soil and inflitrated liquid in sai', that received sewage sludge application in three differents dosagens: 2,5; 5,0 e 7,5 TDS/ha in natural pH and 5,OTDS/ha in corriged pH. There were tested two forms os sludge disinfection: chemical stabilization with lime a (20, 30 and 50%) and natural solar disinfection. In the last was checkin total coliforms and E. colí. The research to land appplication in soU shows that the pathogens are concentring on superficial layer at soil (D-20cm) and the concentration increases in accordance with elevation dosage. In the infilirated liquid has not been detected pathogens. The chemical stabilization with lime (50%) shows that pathogens are eliminated within 15 days. Solar disinfection proved an alternative efficient, with destruction of E coli within 15 days too<br>Doutorado<br>Saneamento e Ambiente<br>Doutor em Engenharia Civil
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Carneiro, Ricardo de Sousa. "Avaliação físico-química e microbiológica de lodo antigo proveniente de um sistema de lagoas de estabilização usado para tratamento de efluentes de indústrias frigoríficas." Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2014. http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/527.

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Submitted by Simone Souza (simonecgsouza@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-16T11:52:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Ricardo de Sousa Carneiro.pdf: 3249963 bytes, checksum: 5a05cf20b4818f8fee9d578fe63e013a (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-11-07T13:25:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Ricardo de Sousa Carneiro.pdf: 3249963 bytes, checksum: 5a05cf20b4818f8fee9d578fe63e013a (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-07T13:25:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Ricardo de Sousa Carneiro.pdf: 3249963 bytes, checksum: 5a05cf20b4818f8fee9d578fe63e013a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-22<br>Indústrias frigoríficas estão inseridas como o mais frequente empreendimento industrial em Mato Grosso justificado, principalmente, pela agropecuária ser a principal atividade econômica no Estado, tornando os abatedouros uma opção para agregar valor ao que aqui é criado, principalmente na produção de bovinos e aves. Intrínseco a indústria frigorífica está a geração de efluente, que precisa ser tratado antes da sua disposição no solo ou em corpos d’água. Lagoas de estabilização constitui o principal tipo de tratamento de efluente presente em frigoríficos no Estado. Este tipo de tratamento gera um resíduo semissólido denominado lodo. Este subproduto pode ser rico em nutrientes tornando-o um material que é denominado biossólido. Entretanto, para receber tal denominação o lodo de lagoas de estabilização deve apresentar características químicas e biológicas compatíveis com sua utilização. Estas características são também relevantes quanto à patogenicidade. No Brasil, a Resolução CONAMA 375/2006 estabelece parâmetros de concentração de microrganismos para utilização de lodo gerado em sistemas de tratamento de efluentes como fonte de nutrientes para o solo. Em Várzea Grande – MT um complexo de Indústrias Frigoríficas, instalado desde o fim dos anos 70, destinou seus efluentes gerados a um sistema de tratamento de efluentes composto por lagoas de estabilização contendo duas lagoas anaeróbias, uma lagoa facultativa e uma lagoa de maturação. Em janeiro de 2012 este tratamento de efluentes foi desativado e substituído por outro em outra área, o lodo presente no sistema foi reunido nas duas lagoas aeróbias objetivando sua estabilização, desidratação e inertização de patógenos. Diante deste contexto, este trabalho avaliou quali-quantitativamente o lodo acumulado das lagoas de estabilização do complexo de indústrias com vistas à disposição final no solo. Para tal, foram realizados dois estudos de batimetria, um em outubro de 2012 e outro em janeiro de 2014, a determinação das variáveis físico-químicas de SST, pH, DBO, Nitrogênio e Fósforo e a determinação das concentrações de Ovos de Helmintos, Coliformes Termotolerantes e Salmonellas junto ao segundo teste de batimetria. Por fim, conclui-se que o lodo reunido nas lagoas anaeróbias reduziu em aproximadamente 30% seu volume, possui concentração satisfatória de nitrogênio se comparado a outros materiais utilizados como biossólidos, porém pobre em fósforo realizando a mesma comparação. Está ausente de Salmonellas e possui alto teor de umidade, próximo de 98% e concentrações dos microrganismos coliformes termotolerantes e ovos de helmintos acima do permitido pela Resolução CONAMA 375/2006 o que inviabiliza, por hora, a sua utilização no solo. Também foi determinado, em função de formulações apresentadas na metodologia e das condições locais, que até fevereiro de 2015 o lodo possuirá umidade próxima de 70%. Sugestões para aceleração do desaguamento e inertização também estão presentes neste trabalho.<br>Slaughterhouses are inserted as the most frequent industrial enterprise in Mato Grosso justified mainly by agriculture is the main economic activity in the state, making slaughterhouses an option to add value to what is created here, especially in the production of cattle and poultry. Intrinsic to the slaughter industry is the generation of wastewater that must be treated prior to disposal in soil or water bodies. Stabilization ponds are the main type of treatment of this effluent in refrigerators in the state. This type of treatment generates a semisolid residue called sludge. This by-product can be rich in nutrients making it a material that is called biosolids. However, to receive this designation sludge stabilization ponds shall provide chemical and biological characteristics consistent with its use. These characteristics are also relevant as to pathogenicity. In Brazil, the CONAMA Resolution 375/2006 establishes parameters for concentration of microorganisms for use of sludge generated in wastewater treatment systems as a source of nutrients to the soil. In Várzea Grande – MT a complex of industries slaughter, installed since the late '70s, their effluents destined to a wastewater treatment system consisting of stabilization ponds containing two anaerobic ponds, a facultative pond and maturation pond. In January 2012 this treatment effluent was deactivated and replaced by another in another area, the sludge present in the system was assembled in both aerobic lagoons aiming its stabilization, dewatering and blanketing of pathogens. Given this context, this study evaluated qualitative and quantitatively the accumulated sludge from the waste stabilization ponds of complex industries with a view to disposal in soil. To this end, two studies bathymetry, one in October 2012 and another in January 2014, the determination of physico-chemical parameters of TSS, pH, BOD, COD, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and the determination of helminth eggs were performed , thermotolerant coliforms and Salmonella with the second test bathymetry. Finally, it is concluded that the sludge collected in anaerobic pounds reduced by approximately 30% in volume, has satisfactory nitrogen concentration compared to other materials used as biosolids, but poor in phosphorus performing the same comparison. Salmonella is absent and has high moisture content, around 98%, and concentrations of thermotolerant coliform microorganisms and helminth eggs above those permitted by CONAMA Resolution 375/2006 which prevents, for now, their use in soil. Was also determined according to the methodology presented formulations and local conditions, that until February 2015 the sludge possess humidity close to 70%. Suggestions for accelerated dewatering and blanketing are also present in this work.
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Lucero-Ramirez, Baltazar. "The effects of time and temperature on the fate of pathogens and indicator bacteria during municipal wastewater sludge-mesophilic anaerobic digestion, air-drying, and composting /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004325.

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Moretti, Sarah Mello Leite. "Uso de lodo de esgoto e composto de lodo de esgoto com poda de árvore na cultura de cana-de-açúcar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64135/tde-03092013-135415/.

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Após a regulamentação do uso agrícola do lodo de esgoto no Brasil em 2006, houve maior restrição quanto aos limites de metais pesados e patógenos. Portanto, a maioria dos lodos gerados no Brasil necessita de pós-tratamento para uso agrícola. O processo de compostagem do lodo pode assegurar seu uso em solos. A cana-de-açúcar ocupa extensas áreas mecanizadas e é grande receptora de resíduos orgânicos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar melhorias proporcionadas a um lodo de esgoto compostado com poda de árvore e confrontar o uso do lodo in natura e compostado na cana-de-açúcar. Foram montadas pilhas de compostagem de lodo de esgoto digerido anaerobicamente e poda de árvore triturada, com relação C/N inicial igual a 30/1, mantendo a compostagem com revolvimento mecânico por 120 dias. Monitorou-se a temperatura, a quantidade de patógenos e realizou a caracterização físico-química e química dos resíduos. Para verificar as taxas de decomposição dos resíduos em Nitossolo Háplico álico, argiloso, realizou-se ensaio de respirometria. No ensaio I, utilizaram-se duas doses de lodo (21,2 e 42,4 t ha-1) e três de composto (69,4; 138,9; 277,8 t ha-1). No ensaio II, utilizaram-se quatro doses de lodo (120; 240; 360; 480 t ha-1). Foi realizado um teste para obter as taxas de mineralização de nitrogênio dos resíduos. Em colunas de PVC foi adicionado o mesmo solo, três doses de lodo (3,6; 7,2; 14,4 t ha-1), e três de composto (7,2; 14,4; 28,8 t ha-1), periodicamente as colunas foram lixiviadas e realizadas as determinações de N-NO3- e N-NH4+ colorimetricamente. O experimento de campo foi conduzido com o mesmo solo, aplicando os resíduos uma vez sob sistema de cana crua de segundo corte, cultivar IAC-1099. Utilizaram-se três doses de lodo (46,2; 92,4; 184,8 t ha-1) e três de composto (52,5; 105; 210 t ha-1). Conduziram-se os tratamentos testemunha, e com fertilização mineral (120 kg ha-1 de N e 120 kg ha-1 de K2O). Nas parcelas tratadas com resíduos adicionaram-se 120 kg ha-1 de K2O. Avaliaram-se o efeito do uso dos resíduos na terceira e quarta soqueira, por meio da determinação da produtividade e das variáveis tecnológicas. Na quarta soqueira foram quantificados os teores de Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd e Pb no solo, folha e caldo. Os parâmetros físico-químicos e químicos do composto estiveram de acordo com a legislação agrícola. Houve eliminação dos ovos de helmintos viáveis e redução de coliformes totais. No teste de respirometria, a taxa de 30% estabelecida pela legislação foi atingida somente pela maior dose de lodo. No teste de mineralização as doses que apresentaram taxas iguais às estabelecidas pela legislação não atenderam a necessidade em N da cultura. As doses que atenderam a necessidade em N, por apresentar altas taxas de mineralização, foram menores que as doses agrícolas recomendadas. No campo, a maior dose de resíduos proporcionou menor perda de produtividade entre os ciclos. Os teores dos elementos estudados estiveram dentro dos padrões de qualidade de solo, assim como os teores dos elementos na folha. No caldo os teores estiveram na ordem de ppb.<br>In 2006, after the regulation of agricultural use of sewage sludge in Brazil, there was greater restriction as to limits for heavy metals and pathogens. Therefore, most of sewage sludge generated in Brazil requires pos-treatment for agricultural use. The sewage sludge composting ensures its use in soil. Sugarcane occupies large mechanized areas and it\'s great absorber of organic wastes. The aim of this study was to assess possible improvements in the characteristics of a sewage sludge composted with pruning and confront use of sewage sludge and sewage sludge compost in sugarcane. Two static piles with anaerobically digested sewage sludge and pruning tree were constructed with a C/N ratio initial equal to 30/1, leading composting for 120 days with mechanical mixing. During the process was monitored temperature, pathogens amount and were made chemical and physicochemical characterization. To check decomposition rates of wastes in a Hapludox haplic alic, clayey, the respirometry test was conducted. In test I, we used two doses of sludge (21.2 and 42.4 t ha-1) and three doses of compost (69.4, 138.9, 277.8 t ha-1). In test II we used four doses of sludge (120, 240, 360, 480 t ha-1). We conducted a mineralization test to check wastes mineralization rates. In PVC columns was added the same soil, three doses of sludge (3.6, 7.1, 14.3 t ha-1) and three doses of compost (7.2, 14.3, 28.7 t ha-1), periodically the columns were leached and determination of N-NO3- and N-NH4+ were made by method colorimetric. The field experiment was conducted on the same soil, applying wastes only time under straw of a no-burning system, at the beginning of third sugarcane ratoon. We used three doses of sludge (46.2, 92.4, 184.8 t ha-1) and three doses of compost (52.5, 105, 210 t ha-1). We carried out treatment control and treatment with mineral fertilization (120 kg N ha-1 and 120 kg ha-1 K2O). In plots with waste was added 120 kg ha-1 of K2O. We evaluated the effect of waste application in third e fourth ratoon by determination of productivity and technological analysis. In fourth ratoon, we evaluated the levels of Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb in soil, in sugarcane juice and leaf. The physicochemical and chemical parameters of compost were in agreement the agricultural legislation. There elimination of helminthes viable eggs and reduction of total coliforms. In respirometry test, only treatment with highest dose of sludge presented decomposition rate equal the rate established for the legislation, equal to 30%. In mineralization test, treatments that presented rates equal the legislation not provide the amount required of N for plant. And treatments that provide the amount required in N, by presenting high mineralization rates, were lower than agricultural dose. In field experiment, the highest doses of wastes resulted in less loss of productivity between crops cycles. The contents of elements studied were within the soil quality standards, as well as the contents these elements on sheet. In sugarcane juice this elements were presented in level of ppb.
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Oliveira, Nara Munick Cerqueira Lopes. "Avalia??o do p?s-tratamento do lodo de esgoto, proveniente de digestor anaer?bio, com casca e semente de manga." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/192.

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Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-09-14T22:46:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o Nara Munick Cerquira Lopes Oliv eira.pdf: 4232139 bytes, checksum: a9ff1ac54121065ff87576be3e6c69b1 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-14T22:46:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o Nara Munick Cerquira Lopes Oliv eira.pdf: 4232139 bytes, checksum: a9ff1ac54121065ff87576be3e6c69b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-04<br>In an attempt to pathogen reduction in sewage sludge there are several post treatments alternatives, such as thermal drying, lime stabilization, composting and others. The present study aimed to evaluate an alternative process to reduce pathogens in sewage sludge by using mango processing waste, which contains antimicrobial properties against gram-positive and negative bacteria. The sewage sludge from UASB reactor was stabilized for 30 days in drying bed and submitted to the sanitization process with different concentrations of mango?s peel (5, 10, 15, 20 and 30% (w/w)) and kernel seed (5, 10, 15, 20 and 30% (w/w)), with sewage sludge as a positive control and alkalinized sludge as negative control. It was monitored total and fecal coliforms, Salmonella spp., Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli concentrations over 90 days (at 0, 3, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days), as well as determination of total and volatile solids, moisture, total organic carbon, nitrogen, pH, phosphorus and viable helminthes eggs. The results indicated that the concentrations of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus of treatments showed little variation during the trial period. At day 90, the levels of total and fecal coliforms were <3 MPN/g TS in positive and negative controls as well as in most of treatments with mango?s residues. The use of mango?s kernel seed or peel resulted in a reduction of 99.9999% of enterococci, 99.999% of E. coli and 99% of salmonella numbers present at the beginning of this evaluation. Although there has been a reduction in the levels of pathogens, the biosolids obtained still has restrictions for agricultural use, according to current Brazilian legislation: CONAMA Resolution 375/06 and Normative Instruction N0 64/2008 of the Ministry of Agriculture.<br>Na tentativa de redu??o de pat?genos no lodo de esgoto existem varias alternativas de p?s-tratamentos tais como: secagem t?rmica, estabiliza??o com cal, compostagem entre outros. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar um processo alternativo de redu??o de pat?genos no lodo de esgoto pelo uso de res?duos do processamento da manga, que contem propriedades antimicrobianas contra bact?rias gram-positivas e negativas. O lodo de esgoto proveniente do reator UASB foi estabilizado por 30 dias em leito de secagem e submetido ao processo de higieniza??o com diferentes concentra??es de casca (5, 10, 15, 20 e 30% (p/p)) e de semente (5, 10, 15, 20 e 30% (p/p)) de manga, utilizando como controle positivo o lodo seco e controle negativo o lodo seco alcalinizado. Foram monitoradas as concentra??es de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, Salmonella spp. Enterococus spp. e Escherichia coli ao longo de 90 dias (nos tempos 0, 3, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 e 90 dias), bem como a determina??o de s?lidos totais, s?lidos vol?teis, umidade, carbono org?nico total, nitrog?nio, pH, fosforo e ovos vi?veis de helmintos. Os resultados indicaram que as concentra??es de carbono, nitrog?nio e f?sforo dos tratamentos analisados apresentaram pouca varia??o durante o per?odo de avalia??o. Ao final dos 90 dias, os n?veis de coliformes totais e termotolerantes foram <3 NMP/g ST no controle positivo e negativo, bem como na maioria dos tratamentos com res?duos de manga. A utiliza??o de casca ou semente de manga resultou na redu??o de 99,9999% dos Enterococos, 99,999% de E. coli e 99% da salmonela presente no in?cio da avalia??o. Embora tenha havido redu??o nos n?veis de pat?genos, o bioss?lido obtido ainda apresenta restri??es de uso agr?cola, de acordo com as legisla??es brasileiras vigentes: Resolu??o CONAMA 375/06 e Instru??o normativa N0 64/2008 do Minist?rio da Agricultura.
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Westrell, Therese. "Microbial risk assessment and its implications for risk management in urban water systems." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-4880.

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Books on the topic "Pathogens in sludge"

1

Farrah, Samuel R. Inactivation of enteric pathogens during aerobic digestion of wastewater sludge. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1986.

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Farrah, Samuel R. Inactivation of enteric pathogens during aerobic digestion of wastewater sludge. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1986.

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Sorber, Charles A. Survival and transport of pathogens in sludge-amended soil: A critical literature review. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1987.

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Higgins, Matthew J. Evaluation of bacterial pathogen and indicator densities after dewatering of anaerobicall digested biosolids phase II and III. Water Environment Research Foundation, 2008.

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S, Reimers R., and Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Persistence of pathogens in lagoon-stored sludge: Project summary. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, 1990.

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Health Effects Research Laboratory (Research Triangle Park, N.C.), ed. Occurrence of pathogens in distribution and marketing municipal sludges: Project summary. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, 1988.

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T, Hadden Charles, Gibson Mary C, United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office (Cincinnati, Ohio), and Science Applications International Corporation, eds. Preliminary risk assessment for pathogens in landfilled municipal sewage sludge. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1993.

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T, Hadden Charles, Gibson Mary C, United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office (Cincinnati, Ohio), and Science Applications International Corporation, eds. Preliminary risk assessment for pathogens in landfilled municipal sewage sludge. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1993.

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F, Schmitthenner A., and Water Engineering Research Laboratory, eds. Effects of composted municipal sludge on soilborne plant pathogens: Project summary. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1988.

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Sludge Parasites and Other Pathogens (Ellis Horwood Series in Water and Wastewater Technology). Ellis Horwood, Ltd., 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pathogens in sludge"

1

Goddek, Simon, Alyssa Joyce, Sven Wuertz, et al. "Decoupled Aquaponics Systems." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_8.

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AbstractTraditional aquaponics systems were arranged in a single process loop that directs nutrient-rich water from fish to the plants and back. Given the differing specific nutrient and environmental requirements of plants and fish, such systems presented a compromise to the ideal conditions for rearing of both, thus reducing the efficiency and productivity of such coupled systems. More recently, designs that allow for decoupling of units provide for a more finely tuned regulation of the process water in each of the respective units while also allowing for better recycling of nutrients from sludge. Suspended solids from the fish (e.g. faeces and uneaten feed) need to be removed from the process water before water can be directed to plants in order to prevent clogging of hydroponic systems, a step that represents a significant loss of total nutrients, most importantly phosphorus. The reuse of sludge and mobilization of nutrients contained within that sludge present a number of engineering challenges that, if addressed creatively, can dramatically increase the efficiency and sustainability of aquaponics systems. One solution is to separate, or when there are pathogens or production problems, to isolate components of the system, thus maximizing overall control and efficiency of each component, while reducing compromises between the conditions and species-specific requirements of each subsystem. Another potential innovation that is made possible by the decoupling of units involves introducing additional loops wherein bioreactors can be used to treat sludge. An additional distillation loop can ensure increased nutrient concentrations to the hydroponics unit while, at the same time, reducing adverse effects on fish health from high nutrient levels in the RAS unit. Several studies have documented the aerobic and anaerobic digestion performance of bioreactors for treating sludge, but the benefits of the digestate on plant growth are not well-researched. Both remineralization and distillation components consequently have a high unexplored potential to improve decoupled aquaponics systems.
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Angle, J. Scott. "Sewage Sludge: Pathogenic Considerations." In Sewage Sludge: Land Utilization and the Environment. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1994.sewagesludge.c7.

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Straub, Timothy M., Ian L. Pepper, and Charles P. Gerba. "Hazards from Pathogenic Microorganisms in Land-Disposed Sewage Sludge." In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7065-9_3.

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Grantina-Ievina, Lelde, and Ieva Rodze. "Survival of Pathogenic and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Vermicompost, Sewage Sludge, and Other Types of Composts in Temperate Climate Conditions." In Soil Biology. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39173-7_6.

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"Sludge." In Wastewater Pathogens. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471710431.ch18.

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Epstein, Eliot. "Pathogens in Wastewater and Biosolids." In LAND APPLICATION of SEWAGE SLUDGE and BIOSOLIDS. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420032116-7.

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"Pathogens in Wastewater and Biosolids." In Land Application of Sewage Sludge and Biosolids. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420032116.ch7.

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Epstein, Eliot. "Pathogens in Soils and on Plants." In LAND APPLICATION of SEWAGE SLUDGE and BIOSOLIDS. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420032116-8.

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"Pathogens in Soils and on Plants." In Land Application of Sewage Sludge and Biosolids. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420032116.ch8.

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"Detection of Bacterial Pathogens in Wastewater and Sludge." In Manual of Environmental Microbiology, Third Edition. American Society of Microbiology, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555815882.ch24.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pathogens in sludge"

1

Sun, Y. H., Z. H. Yang, and Y. M. Luo. "The Counts and Environmental Risks of Pathogens in Sewage Sludge from Yangtze River Delta." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5163585.

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Keleman, Michael P. "Economics of Wastewater Treatment Codigestion." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90397.

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Wastewater treatment is the method by which sewage of both residential and industrial sources is processed to promote public health and reduce environmental impacts on receiving waters. This physical and biological process generates sludge, which after being treated to reduce pathogens, is referred to as biosolids. In the US there are over 16,000 wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), and every year they produce approximately 7 million tons of biosolids according to the EPA.1 These biosolids are handled differently depending upon local conditions, but most are either buried in landfills, land applied for agriculture or incinerated. Reducing the volume of biosolids produced by each facility is desirable for improving operational efficiency since lower volumes are easier to manage and cheaper to handle and dispose. Most facilities utilize either aerobic digestion to process sludge into biosolids, but larger facilities use anaerobic digestion because this process reduces the overall volume of solids left for management. Anaerobic digestion is more complex and capital intensive, so typically only those facilities treating flows higher than 5 million gallons per day (MGD) use anaerobic digestion. Given current economic conditions and rising energy costs, however, anaerobic digestion is becoming more attractive to utility managers as they attempt to offset energy costs. The anaerobic process produces methane gas. Also called biogas, methane can be utilized not only to fire boilers for heating digesters and nearby buildings, but also to fuel internal combustion engines, microturbines or fuel cells to generate power for plant processes such as blowers in the aeration system. There is also the potential for WWTPs to obtain carbon credits for utilizing renewable energy, especially in those states with renewable portfolio standards. Because anaerobic digestion has limited application in the US, this study evaluated economic viability at plants with design flows less than 5 MGD by incorporating codigestion of food waste to improve the production of biogas for use as energy to reduce operational costs and recover capital costs.
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Reed, G. P., D. R. Dugwell, and R. Kandiyoti. "Modelling Trace Element Emissions in Co-Gasification of Sewage Sludge With Coal." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30672.

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Gasification has attracted considerable interest from water utilities as a sewage sludge disposal option, with the advantages of waste volume reduction, pathogen destruction and energy recovery. Co-gasification with coal in a larger plant (&amp;gt;10 MWt) employing a gas turbine for energy recovery may reduce the risk and cost of this option. However, controlling the release of trace elements such as Pb and Zn in the gas produced may be necessary to avoid corrosion, and to meet environmental requirements. A thermodynamic equilibrium model has been used to make predictions of the speciation of trace elements in the fuel gas from co-gasification of sewage sludge with coal. Experimental data from a pilot scale 2 MWt sewage sludge/coal co-gasification plant with a hot gas filter was used to test the validity of these predictions. No significant amount of Be, Co, Cu, V and Zn was predicted to be in the form of gaseous phase species, and this was confirmed by the experimental data. On the other hand, Hg and Se were predicted to be only present in gas phase species, and this was also confirmed experimentally. The elements As, B, Cd, Pb, Sb and Sn were all predicted to form a larger amount of gaseous species than was observed in the experimental measurements. Refinement of the predictions for As and B by inclusion of specific minor/trace element interactions with Ni and Ca respectively gave a better agreement with the experimental data. Whilst the experimentally-observed lowering of Pb emissions by reduction of the gas cleaning temperature from 580 °C to 450 °C was qualitatively predicted, the concentration of Pb in the fine dust removed by the hot gas filter indicates condensation at higher temperatures than predicted. The absence of thermodynamic data for the more complex minerals and adsorbed species that may be formed is thought to account for some of these differences.
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Plaza, Grazyna. "HEALTH RISK TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT AND AGRICULTURAL WORKERS FROM PATHOGENIC FUNGI IN SEWAGE SLUDGE APPLIED TO LAND." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/52/s20.058.

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Stepniak, Longina, Ewa Stanczyk-Mazanek, and Urszula Kepa. "Assessment of biological fertility of soils and contamination with pathogenic drug-resistant bacteria after the use of sewage sludge in nature." In RECENT ADVANCES ON ENVIRONMENT, CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5060703.

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