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Journal articles on the topic 'Pathological aggression'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Aprasidze, T., and M. Tsirekidze. "Clinico-social Character of Delinquent form of Dissocial (Deviant) Behavior." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1919.

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IntroductionAmong great variety of the manifestations of juvenile deviation of behavior, with its social significance, delinquency draws a special attention, in particular, with its aggressive manifestation.ObjectivesOur task is specification of psychopathological peculiarities of two forms of aggressive behavior of delinquency.MethodsFifty delinquent juveniles from 14 to 18 years of age (inclusive) have been examined. Two forms of aggressive manifestations have been picked out: non-pathological: 36 (72%) and pathological: 14 (28%).ResultsNon-pathological aggression basically is conditioned by the influence of micro-social negative conditions and stress situations. The contents of aggressive acts are closely connected with the peculiarities of characterological features; aggressive behavior is characterized with an episodic appearing, less severity and is often manifested in threatening. Marked cruelty, sadism and vandalism are found comparatively seldom. The violation of social adaptation is found in them in stresses, stipulated with negative micro-social factors; they are more manageable and comparatively quickly regress.The peculiarities of pathological aggression are represented by super valuable and sadistic manifestations, comparatively seldom–with signs of dysphoria. The aggression, stipulated by pathocharacterological reactions is manifested in the form of pathologically super valued and affective situational acts of behavior.ConclusionsAggressive behavior of delinquency is chiefly observed in its non-pathological form, which can be explained by the hard social-economical background, visible growth of aggressiveness in an immense part of population, moral and ethic deprivation and frustration. The society itself is a certain indicator of aggressiveness.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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2

Sachdev, Perminder, John Sydney Smith, John Matheson, Peter Last, and Peter Blumbergs. "Amygdalo-Hippocampectomy for Pathological Aggression." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 26, no. 4 (December 1992): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679209072105.

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Two patients are reported, one with severe brain damage and epilepsy, and the other with limbic epilepsy, who were treated with unilateral microsurgical amygdalo-hippocampectomy for the control of rage and aggression. Both had significant improvement in their aggressiveness, and the second patient also improved in the frequency of his seizures and psychotic episodes. The significance of these observations for our understanding of the morphophysiological basis of rage and aggression is discussed.

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Covington III, Herbert E., Emily L. Newman, Michael Z. Leonard, and Klaus A. Miczek. "Translational models of adaptive and excessive fighting: an emerging role for neural circuits in pathological aggression." F1000Research 8 (June 25, 2019): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.18883.1.

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Aggression is a phylogenetically stable behavior, and attacks on conspecifics are observed in most animal species. In this review, we discuss translational models as they relate to pathological forms of offensive aggression and the brain mechanisms that underlie these behaviors. Quantifiable escalations in attack or the development of an atypical sequence of attacks and threats is useful for characterizing abnormal variations in aggression across species. Aggression that serves as a reinforcer can be excessive, and certain schedules of reinforcement that allow aggression rewards also allow for examining brain and behavior during the anticipation of a fight. Ethological attempts to capture and measure offensive aggression point to two prominent hypotheses for the neural basis of violence. First, pathological aggression may be due to an exaggeration of activity in subcortical circuits that mediate adaptive aggressive behaviors as they are triggered by environmental or endogenous cues at vulnerable time points. Indeed, repeated fighting experiences occur with plasticity in brain areas once considered hardwired. Alternatively, a separate “violence network” may converge on aggression circuitry that disinhibits pathological aggression (for example, via disrupted cortical inhibition). Advancing animal models that capture the motivation to commit pathological aggression remains important to fully distinguish the neural architecture of violence as it differs from adaptive competition among conspecifics.

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Harat, Marek, Marcin Rudaś, Piotr Zieliński, Julita Birska, and Pawel Sokal. "Deep Brain Stimulation in Pathological Aggression." Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery 93, no. 5 (2015): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000431373.

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5

Sheehan, Ana E., Nadia Bounoua, Rickie Miglin, Jeffrey M. Spielberg, and Naomi Sadeh. "A multilevel examination of lifetime aggression: integrating cortical thickness, personality pathology and trauma exposure." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 16, no. 7 (April 10, 2021): 716–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsab042.

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Abstract Aggression represents a significant public health concern, causing serious physical and psychological harm. Although many studies have sought to characterize the etiology of aggression, research on the contributions of risk factors that span multiple levels of analysis for explaining aggressive behavior is lacking. To address this gap, we investigated the direct and unique contributions of cortical thickness (level 1), pathological personality traits (level 2) and trauma exposure (level 3) for explaining lifetime physical aggression in a high-risk sample of community adults (N = 129, 47.3% men). First, the frequency of lifetime aggression was inversely associated with cortical thickness in regions of prefrontal and temporal cortices that have been implicated in executive functioning, inhibitory mechanisms and socio-emotional processing. Further, aggression was positively associated with pathological personality traits (antagonism and disinhibition) and exposure to assaultive trauma. Notably, all three levels of analysis (cortical thickness, pathological personality traits and assaultive trauma exposure) explained non-overlapping variance in aggressive behavior when examined simultaneously in integrative models. Together, the findings provide a multilevel assessment of the biopsychosocial factors associated with the frequency of aggression. They also indicate that cortical thickness explains novel variance in these harmful behaviors not captured by well-established personality and environmental risk factors for aggression.

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Heukelum, Sabrina van, Femke E. Geers, Kerli Tulva, Sanne van Dulm, Christian F. Beckmann, Jan K. Buitelaar, Jeffrey C. Glennon, Brent A. Vogt, Martha N. Havenith, and Arthur S. C. França. "Structural Degradation in Midcingulate Cortex Is Associated with Pathological Aggression in Mice." Brain Sciences 11, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070868.

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Pathological aggression is a debilitating feature of many neuropsychiatric disorders, and cingulate cortex is one of the brain areas centrally implicated in its control. Here we explore the specific role of midcingulate cortex (MCC) in the development of pathological aggression. To this end, we investigated the structural and functional degeneration of MCC in the BALB/cJ strain, a mouse model for pathological aggression. Compared to control animals from the BALB/cByJ strain, BALB/cJ mice expressed consistently heightened levels of aggression, as assessed by the resident-intruder test. At the same time, immunohistochemistry demonstrated stark structural degradation in the MCC of aggressive BALB/cJ mice: Decreased neuron density and widespread neuron death were accompanied by increased microglia and astroglia concentrations and reactive astrogliosis. cFos staining indicated that this degradation had functional consequences: MCC activity did not differ between BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ mice at baseline, but unlike BALB/cByJ mice, BALB/cJ mice failed to activate MCC during resident-intruder encounters. This suggests that structural and functional impairments of MCC, triggered by neuronal degeneration, may be one of the drivers of pathological aggression in mice, highlighting MCC as a potential key area for pathologies of aggression in humans.

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7

Kasowski, Amanda E., and Jaime L. Anderson. "The Association Between Sexually Aggressive Cognitions and Pathological Personality Traits in Men." Violence Against Women 26, no. 12-13 (September 26, 2019): 1636–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801219873436.

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Sexual aggression, harassment, and sexually aggressive cognitions (victim blaming, sexual entitlement) are serious societal problems. Although research has examined attributes of individuals who engage in overt sexual assault, few studies have focused on individual characteristics of those who perpetuate problematic negative beliefs surrounding sexual assault. This study sought to examine the relationship between pathological personality and sexually aggressive cognitions among 242 community men. Results showed that traits including antagonism, disinhibition, and negative affectivity were associated with sexually aggressive cognitions. These results have implications for understanding sexual aggression and the role personality plays in perpetuating sexually aggressive attitudes.

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Mosher, Laura Jean, Sean C. Godar, and Marco Bortolato. "Estradiol contributes to aggressive behaviors in a mouse model of pathological aggression." Psychoneuroendocrinology 83 (September 2017): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.261.

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9

Haller, J., J. Van De Schraaf, and M. R. Kruk. "Deviant Forms of Aggression in Glucocorticoid Hyporeactive Rats: A Model for ‘Pathological’ Aggression?" Journal of Neuroendocrinology 13, no. 1 (January 2001): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2001.00600.x.

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10

Haller, J., J. van de Schraaf, and M. R. Kruk. "Deviant Forms of Aggression in Glucocorticoid Hyporeactive Rats: A Model for 'Pathological' Aggression?" Journal of Neuroendocrinology 13, no. 1 (January 2001): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.2001.00600.x.

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11

Rogier, Guyonne, Alessia Marzo, and Patrizia Velotti. "Aggression Among Offenders: The Complex Interplay by Grandiose Narcissism, Spitefulness, and Impulsivity." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 10 (July 11, 2019): 1475–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854819862013.

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Impulsivity seems closely related to both narcissism and spitefulness as a potential common pathway by which these pathological personality traits lead to violence. We administered the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), the Pathological Narcissism Inventory, the Spitefulness Scale, and the Impulsive Behavior Scale Short Form to a sample of individuals convicted of violent offenses ( n = 182) and a sample of community participants ( n = 203). Hierarchical regression analysis of the convicted sample showed that spitefulness predicted AQ scores positively and significantly beyond the roles of both pathological narcissism and impulsivity. Finally, mediation analyses showed that impulsivity partially mediated the relationships between aggression and both grandiose narcissism and spitefulness. Our results support the hypothesis that spitefulness plays an important role in the prediction of aggressiveness. Finally, impulsivity seems to be a central common variable that explains the relationship between pathological personality traits and aggressive behavior among individuals convicted of violent offenses.

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12

Müller-Oerlinghausen, Bruno, and Ute Lewitzka. "Lithium Reduces Pathological Aggression and Suicidality: A Mini-Review." Neuropsychobiology 62, no. 1 (2010): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000314309.

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13

Ristic-Dimitrijevic, Radmila, Dijana Lazic, Milutin Nenadovic, Katarina Djokic-Pjescic, Nikolaos Klidonas, and Vesna Stefanovic. "Aggression in adolescents: characteristics and treatment." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 139, suppl. 1 (2011): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh11s1061r.

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Introduction. Vulnerability of young people and frustration of their basic biological, emotional, cognitive and social needs can induce a series of psycho-pathological manifestations, including aggression. Objective. Aim of this study is to examine the manifestations of aggressiveness in young people and to establish the difference between aggressive responses of two age groups; adolescents aged 16-19 years and older adolescents aged 20-26 years. Methods. The sample consists of 100 young people aged 16-19 years (46 adolescents) and 20-26 years (54 adolescents). For the purposes of this study, we have constructed a questionnaire in which we entered the data obtained on the basis of a standard psychiatric examination, auto- and hetero-anamnesis data, and data obtained using the standard battery of psychological tests. Results. Statistically significant association was found between verbal aggression and physical aggression (p=0.002), verbal aggression and suicide attempts (p=0.02), verbal aggression and substance abuse (p=0.009), verbal aggression and low frustration tolerance (LFT) (p=0.007), suicide attempt and LFT (p=0.052). The younger group was significantly more verbally aggressive compared to the older group (p=0.01). Conclusion. Verbal aggression, which was significantly associated with physical aggression, suicide attempts, substance abuse and LFT, indicates the need for timely interventions for the prevention of more serious and malignant forms of aggression.

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Chen, Thomas J. H., Kenneth Blum, Daniel Mathews, Larry Fisher, Nancy Schnautz, Eric R. Braverman, John Schoolfield, Bernard W. Downs, and David E. Comings. "Are dopaminergic genes involved in a predisposition to pathological aggression?" Medical Hypotheses 65, no. 4 (January 2005): 703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2005.04.037.

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15

Teixeira, Eduardo Henrique, Antonio Jacintho, Heloisa Valler Celeri, and Paulo Dalgalarrondo. "Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of pathological aggression in children and adolescents: literature review and clinical recommendations." Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 35, no. 3 (2013): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2237-60892013000300002.

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Objective: To review the literature about the use of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of pathological aggression in children and adolescents. Method: The databases MEDLINE, SciELO, and LILACS were searched for publications in Portuguese or English from 1992 to August 2011 using the following keywords: mental disease, child, adolescent, treatment, atypical antipsychotic, aggressive behavior, aggression, and violent behavior. Results: Sixty-seven studies of good methodological quality and clinical interest and relevance were identified. Studies including children and adolescents were relatively limited, because few atypical antipsychotics have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). All the medications included in this review (risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole and clozapine) have some effectiveness in treating aggression in children and adolescents, and choices should be based on clinical indications and side effects. Conclusions: There are few studies about the effectiveness and safety of atypical antipsychotics for the pediatric population, and further randomized controlled studies with larger groups of patients and more diagnostic categories, such as severe conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder, should be conducted to confirm the results reported up to date and to evaluate the impact of long-term use.

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16

Heesink, L., T. E. Gladwin, M. Vink, J. van Honk, R. Kleber, and E. Geuze. "Neural activity during the viewing of emotional pictures in veterans with pathological anger and aggression." European Psychiatry 47 (January 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.09.002.

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AbstractAnger and aggression are common mental health problems after military deployment. Anger and aggression have been associated with abnormalities in subcortical and cortical levels of the brain and their connectivity. Here, we tested brain activation during the processing of emotional stimuli in military veterans with and without anger and aggression problems. Thirty military veterans with anger and aggression problems and 29 veterans without a psychiatric diagnosis (all males) participated in this study. During an fMRI scan 32 negative, 32 positive and 32 neutral pictures from the International Affective Picture System were presented in intermixed order. The Aggression group showed heightened activity in brain areas including the supplementary motor area, the cingulum and the parietal cortex, in response to stimuli, regardless of category. Furthermore, the Aggression group showed stronger connectivity between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the amygdala during the viewing of negative stimuli, and weaker connectivity between dACC and medial prefrontal cortex during the viewing of positive stimuli. Veterans with anger and aggression problems showed enhanced brain response to all stimuli during the task, irrespective of valence and they rated the pictures more likely as negative. We take this to indicate enhanced preparation for action and attention to the presentation of stimuli that could prove to be threatening. Further, group differences in functional connectivity involving the dACC reveal abnormal processing of stimuli with negative and positive valence. In sum, the results point towards a bias towards an enhanced sensitivity to perceived or potential threat in aggression.

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Páv, Marek, and Slavoj Brichcín. "Sexual violence and paraphilia, does pathological sexual aggression exists or not?" Psychiatrie pro praxi 20, no. 1 (April 5, 2019): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/psy.2019.004.

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18

Bortolato, M., S. C. Godar, M. Melis, A. Soggiu, P. Roncada, A. Casu, G. Flore, et al. "NMDARs Mediate the Role of Monoamine Oxidase A in Pathological Aggression." Journal of Neuroscience 32, no. 25 (June 20, 2012): 8574–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0225-12.2012.

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19

Frankel, Fred, and James Q.immons. "BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT APPROACHES TO PATHOLOGICAL UNSOCIALIZED PHYSICAL AGGRESSION IN YOUNG CHILDREN." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 26, no. 4 (July 1985): 525–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb01640.x.

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20

Abrahams, B. S. "Pathological Aggression in "Fierce" Mice Corrected by Human Nuclear Receptor 2E1." Journal of Neuroscience 25, no. 27 (July 6, 2005): 6263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.4757-04.2005.

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21

Wagels, Lisa, Ute Habel, Adrian Raine, and Benjamin Clemens. "Neuroimaging, hormonal and genetic biomarkers for pathological aggression — success or failure?" Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 43 (February 2022): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.08.007.

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22

Pardini, Matteo, Frank Krueger, Colin A. Hodgkinson, Vanessa Raymont, Maren Strenziok, Mario Amore, Eric M. Wassermann, David Goldman, and Jordan H. Grafman. "Aggression, DRD1 polymorphism, and lesion location in penetrating traumatic brain injury." CNS Spectrums 19, no. 5 (March 11, 2014): 382–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852914000108.

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ObjectiveThis study evaluated whether structural brain lesions modulate the relationship between pathological aggression and the dopaminergic system in traumatic brain injury (TBI). While converging evidence suggests that different areas of the prefrontal cortex modulate dopaminergic activity, to date no evidence exists of a modulation of endogenous dopaminergic tone by lesion localization in penetrating TBI (pTBI).MethodsThis study included 141 male Caucasian veterans who suffered penetrating pTBI during their service in Vietnam and 29 healthy male Caucasian Vietnam veterans. Participants were genotyped for 3 functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) rs686, dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) rs4648317, and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met. Patients underwent brain CT scans and were divided into medial prefrontal cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex, and posterior cortex lesion groups. Long-term aggression levels were evaluated with the agitation/aggression subscale of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory.ResultsOur data showed that carriers of more transcriptionally active DRD1 alleles compared to noncarriers demonstrated greater aggression levels due to medial prefrontal cortex lesions but reduced aggression levels due to lateral prefrontal cortex lesions independently of DRD2 rs4648317 or COMT Val158Met genotypes.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the relationship between pTBI-related aggression and the dopaminergic system is modulated by lesion location. Potentially lesion location could represent an easy-to-use, widely available, para-clinical marker to help in the development of an individualized therapeutic approach to pTBI-related pathological aggression.

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23

Brady, Kathleen T., Hugh Myrick, and Susan McElroy. "The Relationship Between Substance Use Disorders, Impulse Control Disorders, and Pathological Aggression." American Journal on Addictions 7, no. 3 (January 1998): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10550499808998354.

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Brady, Kathleen T., Hugh Myrick, and Susan McElroy. "The Relationship Between Substance Use Disorders, Impulse Control Disorders, and Pathological Aggression." American Journal on Addictions 7, no. 3 (July 1998): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.1998.tb00340.x.

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25

Schill, Thomas, Selina Wang, and Daniel Thomsen. "MMPI F, 4, and 9 as a Measure of Aggression in a College Sample." Psychological Reports 59, no. 2 (October 1986): 949–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.59.2.949.

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This study sought to determine whether the MMPI F, 4, 9 composite score which has been used to assess aggressive acting out in various pathological populations also assesses this disposition in a more normal sample of 124 college students who took the MMPI and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. The MMPI composite score correlated .46 with the Buss-Durkee motor factor of hostility and .53 with the attitude factor. These correlations were higher than correlations with Pd and Ma. The results lend support for the usefulness of the F, 4, 9 Composite with less pathological populations as well.

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Mizen, Richard. "The so-called mindlessness of violence: violence as a pathological variant of aggression." Global Crime 10, no. 4 (October 16, 2009): 416–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17440570903248494.

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van Heukelum, Sabrina, Kerli Tulva, Femke E. Geers, Sanne van Dulm, I. Hyun Ruisch, Jonathan Mill, Joana F. Viana, et al. "A central role for anterior cingulate cortex in the control of pathological aggression." Current Biology 31, no. 11 (June 2021): 2321–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.062.

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Liddell, Christine, Jane Kvalsvig, Pumla Qotyana, and Agnes Shabalala. "Community Violence and Young South African Children's Involvement in Aggression." International Journal of Behavioral Development 17, no. 4 (December 1994): 613–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549401700403.

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Five-year-old children from four different communities in South Africa were observed during their everyday patterns of play and social participation. The communities differed in terms of the levels of community violence that researchers encountered during two years of data collection. The results indicated that children from more violent communities were significantly more likely to be involved in aggressive episodes, and that this was particularly so in cases where children had more contact with older boys and men. The predictive model for involvement in aggression, as developed in this study, illustrates the importance of combining demographic variables with variables pertaining to children's actual behaviour. The results are also discussed in terms of their implications for young South African children; although growing up in violent communities is associated with greater involvement in aggressive behaviour, the degree to which this can be considered seriously pathological is called into question by some of the results.

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Mouras, Harold. "Recent advances and hypotheses regarding the neural networks involved in cruelty and pathological aggression." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, no. 3 (June 2006): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x06339052.

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Functional neuroimaging studies allow examination of the cerebral networks involved in human behavior. For pathological aggression, several studies have reported a involvement of frontal and temporal areas, reflecting disruption of emotional regulatory systems. Recent genetic studies that bring together reward system dysfunction and violent behavior.

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Pardu, A. "P.2.024 Effects of interaction between early stress and MAO-A on pathological aggression." European Neuropsychopharmacology 26 (March 2016): S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(16)70050-2.

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Barry, Christopher T., Alexandra C. Anderson, and Nora E. Charles. "Dimensions of Adolescent Narcissism." Journal of Individual Differences 40, no. 3 (July 2019): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000287.

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Abstract. Research with adolescents has noted that narcissism dimensions (e.g., non-pathological, grandiose, vulnerable) are often interrelated but have differential associations with indicators of adjustment. The aim of the present study was to investigate both variable-centered and person-centered analyses of commonly used narcissism scales in adolescents. Participants were 282 at-risk male adolescents ages 16–19 attending a voluntary residential program. Variable-centered analyses revealed correlations for the narcissism dimensions that were consistent with prior research. Person-centered analyses resulted in three subgroups (i.e., high pathological narcissism; moderate pathological narcissism; low narcissism). Individuals in the high pathological narcissism subgroup reported lower self-esteem, higher anxiety, and higher aggression than the other groups. However, the utility of a person-centered approach in adolescents is questionable in that the subgroups simply differed incrementally based on pathological grandiose and vulnerable narcissism.

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Esteban de Antonio, Ester, Jorge López-Álvarez, Alberto Rábano, Luis Agüera-Ortiz, Antonio Sánchez-Soblechero, Laura Amaya, Sofía Portela, Carlos Cátedra, and Javier Olazarán. "Pathological Correlations of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Institutionalized People with Dementia." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 78, no. 4 (December 8, 2020): 1731–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-200600.

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Background: Comprehensive clinicopathological studies of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia are lacking. Objective: To describe the pathological correlations of NPS in a sample of institutionalized people with dementia. Methods: We studied 59 people who were consecutively admitted to a nursing home and donated their brain. Correlations between pathological variables and NPS upon admission (n = 59) and at one-year follow-up assessment (n = 46) were explored and confirmed using bivariate and multivariate statistical methods. Results: Mean (SD) age at admission was 83.2 (6.4) years and mean (SD) age at demise was 85.4 (6.6); 73% of the subjects were female and 98% presented advanced dementia. The most frequent etiological diagnosis was Alzheimer’s disease (AD; 74.6% clinical diagnosis, 67.8% pathological diagnosis). The pathological diagnosis of AD was associated with aggression (β est 0.31), depression (β est 0.31), anxiety (β est 0.38), and irritability (β est 0.28). Tau stage correlated with aggressive symptoms (β est 0.32) and anxiety (βest 0.33). Coexistence of AD and Lewy body pathology was associated with depression (β est 0.32), while argyrophilic grains were associated with eating symptoms (β est 0.29). Predictive models were achieved for apathy, including cognitive performance, basal ganglia ischemic lesions, and sex as predictors (R2 0.38) and for sleep disorders, including pathological diagnosis of AD and age at demise (R2 0.18) (all p-values <0.05, unadjusted). Conclusion: AD was the main pathological substrate of NPS in our sample of very elderly people with advanced dementia. However, correlations were mild, supporting a model of focal/asymmetric rather than diffuse brain damage, along with relevance of environmental and other personal factors, in the genesis of those symptoms.

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Glick, Amy R. "The role of serotonin in impulsive aggression, suicide, and homicide in adolescents and adults: a literature review." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 27, no. 2 (May 1, 2015): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2015-5005.

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Abstract This is a literature review discussing previous studies on the associations between impulsive aggression and the serotonergic system in adults, adolescents, and children. The review demonstrates that there is a clear association between low cerebrospinal fluid serotonin and impulsive aggression. However, studies on neurotransmitter receptor profiles, functional imaging, genetics, and epigenetics reviewed in this article suggest a more complicated picture that includes consideration of gene vs. environment in the evaluation of risk. Serotonin supplementation studies suggest that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may reduce impulsive aggression in some adults but are less effective in adults with pathological aggression and also in children and adolescents. Child and adolescent studies are less conclusive, in part due to the heterogeneous physiologic and psychosocial changes occurring over the course of development. The author thus concludes that psychiatrists can reduce risk in these special patient populations by creating safer environments in the form of changes in policy and increased support services.

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Velotti, P., G. Rogier, and A. Sarlo. "Pathological narcissism and aggression: The mediating effect of difficulties in the regulation of negative emotions." Personality and Individual Differences 155 (March 2020): 109757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109757.

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35

Bulygina, V. G., A. S. Berezkin, T. N. Kozlov, and A. P. Makurina. "Psychological, clinical and social characteristics of patients implementing different types of aggression in the hospital (gender aspect)." Psychology and Law 5, no. 3 (2015): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2015050304.

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Results of the comparative analysis of clinical, social and psycho-pathological predictors of violations of the regime requirements, physical and verbal aggression among mentally ill women and men during the compulsory treatment are presented. It is revealed that the type of aggression in women sample significantly more frequently associated with clinical and social and pathopsychological characteristics: emotional unstable stew, learned in childhood and adolescence behavioral model of aggression and the severity of hostility and suspicion; the inertia of mental processes combined with low level of the cognitive functioning and a violation of insight in a broad sense. Among men – with the emotional and personal deformation, which were revealed before the beginning of illness, the decline in cognitive functioning and undeveloped links in the regulation of behavior, high level of aggressiveness in communication, internal conflict combined with the rigidity of self-concept. The authors concluded that assessment of risk factors from hospital-acquired aggression is an independent psycho-diagnostic work that needs to be provided with special tools, aimed whilst on the study of individual psychological characteristics of the regulation of behavior, strategies coping, communication installations and the treats of the aggression, as well as subjective ratings of social functioning in the hospital.

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Trundle, Grace, Leam A. Craig, and Ian Stringer. "Differentiating between pathological demand avoidance and antisocial personality disorder: a case study." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour 8, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jidob-07-2016-0013.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the different clinical features of pathological demand avoidance (PDA) and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) presented in the form of a single case study. The study highlights the potential of misdiagnosis and conceptual confusions to practitioners in forensic settings between the two conditions when working with offenders with personality disorders. Design/methodology/approach A case formulation using the “five Ps” method based on the personal history of an incarcerated male is presented and the clinical similarities and differences between PDA and ASPD are delineated. These differences and similarities are evaluated and applied to offender management including intervention options. Findings There are considerable similarities between ASPD and PDA making the two conditions difficult to separate. Both diagnostic criteria identify childhood behavioural problems, aggression, destructiveness, conduct disorder (CD), manipulation and non-compliance as indications of the disorder. For example, the criteria for later adult ASPD are the presence of childhood antisocial behaviour and CD. However, these behaviours may also be suggestive of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and non-compliance that are part of PDA. Violent behaviours and aggression can also be perceived in a similar way. Misdiagnosis of PDA as ASPD reduces the efficiency of treatment programmes. Originality/value The implications of these findings could prove useful in the successful risk management of offenders with PDA. Given the similar behavioural characteristics between PDA and ASPD, the prevalence of PDA among offenders may be higher than observed. The aim of this study is to raise awareness of potential conceptual complications and clinical confusions between the two conditions with a view to aid offender management through case formulation. A large scale study into offenders with PDA would draw attention to the prevalence of the condition as well as its association with offending behaviour.

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Piccinni, Armando, Donatella Marazziti, and Antonello Veltri. "Psychopathology of terrorists." CNS Spectrums 23, no. 2 (September 21, 2017): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852917000645.

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Terrorist behavior represents a subtype of human aggression probably determined by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors, as well as by peculiar environmental influences and group dynamics. As regards terrorists’ psychological characteristics, the available studies (mostly carried out with no sound scientific design) have failed to identify the common or typical pathological personality traits of modern terrorists. The popular opinion that terrorists must be insane or psychopathic is still widespread; however, no evidence exists that terrorist behavior may be caused either by prior or current psychiatric disorders or psychopathy. Not surprisingly, some theories have proposed social factors and non-pathological psychological traits as predisposing elements for terrorist acts, but they generally lack of empirical validation. Moreover, most of these theories do not explain why, even if so many people are exposed to the same social factors or show the same psychological traits, only a tiny minority of them join a terrorist group. Therefore, it is mandatory that systematic and scientific investigations be carried out in order to understand the possible bases for terrorist aggression, including the early detection of possibly associated psychopathology, and to design an appropriate counterterrorism prevention policy.

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Knox, Jean. "‘The so-called mindlessness of violence: violence as a pathological variant of aggression’ by Mizen, Richard." Journal of Analytical Psychology 55, no. 4 (September 2010): 596–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5922.2010.01867_4.x.

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Sichkar, H. "DYSFUNCTIONAL MECHANISMS OF ADAPTATIONS A RESULT OF PATHOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DAUGHTER AND MOTHER." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series “Psychology”, no. 2 (9) (2018): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/bsp.2018.2(9).18.

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The article raises the question of women’s dysfunctional mechanisms of adaptation as a consequence of pathological relationships with the mother. Particular attention is paid to such of them: interpersonal dependence, depression, anxiety, frustration, aggression, rigidity. The Hirschfeld Interpersonal Dependency Inventory, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire were used for an empirical study. In order to achieve these goals, a sample of 40 women aged 20 to 25 years was formed. A sample of this age allows you to look at a woman as an already established personality, and highlights the trends and characteristics of her interactions with others. The result of the study proved that the representatives of single-parent families have a greater degree of severity for all the indicators were given (interpersonal dependence, depression, anxiety, frustration, aggression, rigidity). This means that the absence of a permanent mother’s partner (along with other factors covered in the article) catalyzes and promotes the process of forming the pathological relationship between a daughter and mother, which in turn becomes the basis for the formation of dysfunctional mechanisms of adaptation to the daughter as an expression of maternal injury. Maternal trauma or a mother complex is defined as the collective concept of a daughter and mother pathological relationship negative consequences. This is explained by the fact that the daughter in these conditions becomes the only one object of the projections of mother’s fears, desires and dissatisfied needs, besides, she becomes the only source of love. A harmonious relationship with the mother is the basis for a full-fledged personality formation, while a natural interaction violation in the form of a fierce struggle for similarity and difference leads to an inadequate perception of the world and oneself, which is transferred to all subsequent generations in a closed circle.

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Hollander, E., and J. Rosen. "Impulsivity." Journal of Psychopharmacology 14, no. 2_suppl1 (March 2000): S39—S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02698811000142s106.

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Disorders characterized by impulsivity include disorders of impulse control (intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania, kleptomania, pathological gambling and trichotillomania), paraphilias, sexual impulsions and sexual addictions and impulsive aggression personality disorders (borderline, antisocial, histrionic and narcissistic personality disorders). Impulsivity has a substantial impact on both individuals and society. Impulse control disorders may be conceptualized as a subset of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. In this article, we examine the genetic and neurobiological aetiology of these disorders and possible treatment options. The link between serotonergic dysfunction and the pathophysiology of impulsivity is discussed, and studies that examine the efficacy of various selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other alternatives in the treatment of impulsive disorders such as pathological gambling, sexual addictions and borderline personality disorder are presented.

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Fung, Hong Wang, Long Yin Kasper Ho, and Colin A. Ross. "Pathological Dissociation and Its Relationships with Aggression and Delinquency in a College Student Sample in Hong Kong." Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 27, no. 2 (February 7, 2018): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2017.1421283.

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Sennik, Simrin, Tom A. Schweizer, Corinne E. Fischer, and David G. Munoz. "Risk Factors and Pathological Substrates Associated with Agitation/Aggression in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Preliminary Study using NACC Data." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 55, no. 4 (December 20, 2016): 1519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-160780.

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Kulkarni, Gaurav, Parikshit Deshmukh, and Drew Barzman. "Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) as a Primary Method of Addressing Acute Pediatric Pathological Aggression Along with Other Modalities." Psychiatric Quarterly 81, no. 2 (February 18, 2010): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11126-010-9126-2.

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Sferra, Michale Saint, S. Fields, and Douglas Gentile. "Game type as a moderator of the relationship between pathological video game use, impulsivity, aggression, and general psychopathology." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 171 (February 2017): e187-e188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.514.

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Karbowniczek, Jolanta. "Teenagers towards parents: manifestations of aggressive and violent behaviour (research report)." Forum Pedagogiczne 10, no. 2 (July 18, 2020): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/fp.2020.2.16.

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The article presents a report on empirical research on the issue of aggressive and violent behaviour of children towards parents against the background of family conditions, conducted in primary schools in Chelm, in the Lubelskie Voivodeship. This issue remains unsolved and requires reliable theoretical and methodological (re)interpretations. Family problems cannot be easily assessed in an objective manner. An obstacle in providing information about aggression and violence on the part of one's own children is usually the feeling of guilt experienced by the parents themselves. Dilemmas connected with the introduction of the young generation into the world of adults, with the education of children and young people, are one of the most important and difficult problems in social life. Quite often are we dealing with examples of helplessness of parents and educators in the face of pathological situations that take place in family and school environments, in peer groups, on the streets and housing estates of our cities.

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Barner-Barry, Carol. "Human Paleopsychology: Applications to Aggression and Pathological Processes. Kent G. Bailey Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1987." Politics and the Life Sciences 8, no. 1 (August 1989): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400009321.

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Breuillaud, Lionel, Clara Rossetti, Elsa M. Meylan, Christophe Mérinat, Olivier Halfon, Pierre J. Magistretti, and Jean-René Cardinaux. "Deletion of CREB-Regulated Transcription Coactivator 1 Induces Pathological Aggression, Depression-Related Behaviors, and Neuroplasticity Genes Dysregulation in Mice." Biological Psychiatry 72, no. 7 (October 2012): 528–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.011.

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Gorinov, V. "Personality disorders and insanity." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72485-3.

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One of the pressing problems of Forensic Science is to define criteria for assessing Personality Disorders (PD)with a view of Article 21 of the Russian Federation Criminal Code. Forty cases with paranoid, schizoid and mixed types of Personality Disorders were studied for the purpose of passing judgment on their inability, during the acts of aggression, to be recognize the true character and the societal danger of their actions and to control themselves.Half of the cases demonstrated situational development, with marked exacerbation of suspiciousness and a bend towards forming extremely valuable ideas, followed by pronounced depressive conditions, persistent adjustment disorders, and impaired ability for critical judgment and prognosis. Twenty-five per cent of the cases showed pathological (constitutional) personality development. Delirious ideas of jealousy and anger (litigiousness) were systemic, deeply and heavily loaded emotionally, they developed in the “self-development” mode, with loss of content of the emotion and with psychogenic reactions. In 17.5% of cases our conclusions were based on the assertion that during the criminal act, “acute reaction to stress” was experienced, with deep emotional involvement, impaired consciousness, loss of ability to adequately assess the obtaining situation, and general disorientation.Thus, the main prerequisite for inability to appreciate the factual character and societal danger of one's actions or to control them is the statement of reactions of psychotic level, or of pathological development with the presence of pathologically overvalued or maniac ideas of interpretative nature, transforming into a paranoid system.

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Davydova, J. D., S. S. Litvinov, R. F. Enikeeva, S. B. Malykh, and E. K. Khusnutdinova. "Recent advances in genetics of aggressive behavior." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 22, no. 6 (September 27, 2018): 716–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj18.415.

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One of the most important problems of modern neurobiology and medicine is an understanding of the mechanisms of normal and pathological behavior of a person. Aggressive behavior is an integral part of the human psyche. However, environmental risk factors, mental illness and somatic diseases can lead to increased aggression to be the biological basis of antisocial behavior in a human society. An important role in development of aggressive behavior belongs to the hereditary factors that may be linked to abnormal functioning of neurotransmitter systems in the brain yet the underlying genetic mechanisms remain unclear, which is due to a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions and deletions in the structure of genes that encode the components of the neurotransmitter systems. The most studied candidate genes for aggressive behavior are serotonergic (TPH1, TPH2, HTR2A, SLC6A4) and dopaminergic (DRD4, SLC6A3) system genes, as well as the serotonin or catecholamine metabolizing enzyme genes (COMT, MAOA). In addition, there is evidence that the hypothalamic-pituitary system genes (OXT, OXTR, AVPR1A, AVPR1B), the sex hormone receptors genes (ER1, AR), neurotrophin (BDNF) and neuronal apoptosis genes (CASP3, BAX) may also be involved in development of aggressive behavior. The results of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have demonstrated that FYN, LRRTM4, NTM, CDH13, DYRK1A and other genes are involved in regulation of aggressive behavior. These and other evidence suggest that genetic predisposition to aggressive behavior may be a very complex process.

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Moyya, Priscilla Dinkar, Mythili Asaithambi, and Anandh Kilpattu Ramaniharan. "RADIOMICS BASED BREAST MALIGNANCY INDEX TO DIFFERENTIATE PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES DUE TO NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY." Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation 57, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34107/yhpn9422.04219.

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The leading cause of deaths among women in the world is Breast Cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) offers effective treatment results, thus reducing tumor aggression and allowing treatment monitoring. The Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE) MRI plays a vital role in assessing the treatment response due to NAC. However, quantifying the treatment response in low-grade tumours is visually challenging. Radiomics is an evolving field of medical imaging that reflects the histopathological variations in breast tissues. Integrating radiomics with breast DCE-MRI provides clinically useful measures in evaluating the NAC response. In this work, we have formulated an index called Radiomics based Breast Malignancy Index (RBMI) using texture and Haar wavelets to differentiate the radiological differences of breast tissue due to NAC. The statistically significant radiomic features extracted from 20 DCE-MR images obtained using TCIA database were used in the calculation of RBMI. Results show that, RBMI could statistically differentiate (p=0.007) the treatment response between visit-1 & 2 due to NAC with mean and standard deviation values of 334706.5949 ± 93952.5123 and 296354.9720 ± 77120.6718 respectively. Hence, RBMI seems to be a clinically adjunct measure in evaluating the treatment response of breast cancer due to NAC.

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