Academic literature on the topic 'Pathological laboratories'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pathological laboratories"
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Haeckel, Rainer, Werner Wosniok, and Thomas Streichert. "Review of potentials and limitations of indirect approaches for estimating reference limits/intervals of quantitative procedures in laboratory medicine." Journal of Laboratory Medicine 45, no. 2 (2021): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/labmed-2020-0131.
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Abstract Reference intervals (RIs) can be determined by direct and indirect procedures. Both approaches identify a reference population from which the RIs are defined. The crucial difference between direct and indirect methods is that direct methods select particular individuals after individual anamnesis and medical examination have confirmed the absence of pathological conditions. These individuals form a reference subpopulation. Indirect methods select a reference subpopulation in which the individuals are not identified. They isolate a reference population from a mixed population of patients with pathological and non-pathological conditions by statistical reasoning. At present, the direct procedure internationally recommended is the “gold standard”. It has, however, the disadvantage of high expenses which cannot easily be afforded by most medical laboratories. Therefore, laboratories adopt RIs established by direct methods from external sources requiring a high responsibility for transference problems which are usually neglected by most laboratories. These difficulties can be overcome by indirect procedures which can easily be performed by most laboratories without causing economic problems. The present review focuses on indirect approaches. Various procedures are presented with their benefits and limitations. Preliminary simulation studies indicate that more recently developed concepts are superior to older approaches.
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Rasoulpour, Majid. "Inability of Community-Based Laboratories to Identify Pathological Casts in Urine Samples." Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 150, no. 11 (1996): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1996.02170360091015.
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Bilto, Yousif Y. "External Quality Assessment of Jordanian Clinical Chemistry Laboratories." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 29, no. 3 (1992): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456329202900313.
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A two-year study using inter-laboratory surveys has been carried out to assess the analytical quality of Jordanian clinical chemistry laboratories. The study surveyed > 65% (60 laboratories) of Jordanian laboratories using 18 control specimens and covering a total of 15 analytes. Close agreement was obtained between the consensus values and the designated values for analytes which had mean values within the normal range, whereas significantly lower consensus values were obtained for glucose, creatinine, bilirubin and urea in the pathological range. Considerable inter-laboratory variation was observed in Jordan relative to EQA schemes in other countries. This study highlighted several problems in Jordanian laboratories, and stressed the need for a national EQA scheme with an effective means of providing continuous advice, education and training in clinical chemistry.
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Pavone, Silvia, Carmen Iscaro, Monica Giammarioli, et al. "Biological Containment for African Swine Fever (ASF) Laboratories and Animal Facilities: The Italian Challenge in Bridging the Present Regulatory Gap and Enhancing Biosafety and Biosecurity Measures." Animals 14, no. 3 (2024): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14030454.
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The African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) is a DNA virus of the Asfarviridae family, Asfivirus genus. It is responsible for massive losses in pig populations and drastic direct and indirect economic impacts. The ever-growing handling of ASFV pathological material in laboratories, necessary for either diagnostic or research activities, requires particular attention to avoid accidental virus release from laboratories and its detrimental economic and environmental effects. Recently, the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/689 of 17 December 2019 repealed the Commission Decision of 26 May 2003 reporting an ASF diagnostic manual (2003/422/EC) with the minimum and supplementary requirements for ASF laboratories. This decision generated a regulatory gap that has not been addressed yet. This paper aims to describe the Italian National Reference Laboratory (NRL) efforts to develop an effective and reliable biological containment tool for ASF laboratories and animal facilities. The tool consists of comprehensive and harmonized structural and procedural requirements for ASF laboratories and animal facilities that have been developed based on both current and repealed legislation, further entailing a risk assessment and internal audit as indispensable tools to design, adjust, and improve biological containment measures.
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Michel, Lauriane Y. M., Charlotte Farah, and Jean-Luc Balligand. "The Beta3 Adrenergic Receptor in Healthy and Pathological Cardiovascular Tissues." Cells 9, no. 12 (2020): 2584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9122584.
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The third isotype of beta-adrenoreceptors (β3-AR) has recently come (back) into focus after the observation of its expression in white and beige human adipocytes and its implication in metabolic regulation. This coincides with the recent development and marketing of agonists at the human receptor with superior specificity. Twenty years ago, however, we and others described the expression of β3-AR in human myocardium and its regulation of contractility and cardiac remodeling. Subsequent work from many laboratories has since expanded the characterization of β3-AR involvement in many aspects of cardiovascular physio(patho)logy, justifying the present effort to update current paradigms under the light of the most recent evidence.
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Ndiade, Amadou, Abdou M. Gaye, Mama Sy, et al. "Choriocarcinoma on hysterectomy specimen in Senegal: histological study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 12 (2022): 3232. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20223112.
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Background: Trophoblastic diseases are in general exclusive to women in their reproductive years. Gestational choriocarcinoma (GC) is a rare malignant tumor derived from the trophoblast of women in childbearing age. Our objective was to study the epidemiological and clinicopathologic aspects at the laboratories of pathological anatomy and cytology (ACP) of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital and General Idrissa Pouye Hospital.Methods: Our study was conducted in the anatomy and pathology laboratories of the Hôpital Général Idrissa Pouye and the Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec in Dakar. This study was based on records of pathological reports of gestational choriocarcinomas from these different laboratories. This was a retrospective and descriptive bi-centric study, spread over eight (8) years from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2020. All cases diagnosed on hysterectomy specimens and with a formal conclusion of choriocarcinoma have been included. We recorded the data collected in Excel 2007 software and the analysis was made using Epi Info.Results: We collected 25 cases of choriocarcinomas. The mean age of the patients was 38.1±9.7. Mixed seat tumors (intra-cavitary and intra-mural) were the most frequent with 48% of cases. Patients who were at FIGO stage 1 represented for 88% of cases.Conclusions: Gestational choriocarcinoma (GC) is a proliferation of the trophoblast (cytotrophoblast and syncitiotrophoblast). This study has helped establish histopathological data of choriocarcinoma on hysterectomy specimen in Dakar.
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Zyuzgina, Svetlana V., Olga E. Zinovieva, Tatyana P. Lobova, Vera V. Mikhailova, Maria S. Shishkina, and Anastasia N. Skvortsova. "Analysis of laboratory diagnostics of chlamydia in animals and birds in the Russian Federation for 2019–2021." Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya 9, no. 118 (2023): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309007.
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Chlamydia infection causes significant economic damage to various branches of animal husbandry and poultry farming. In the system of veterinary and sanitary measures, it is important to detect the pathogen as early and reliably as possible in various forms of the disease. For this purpose, a number of laboratory methods of direct and indirect diagnosis of chlamydia have been developed over the past years. The article analyzes the results of laboratory tests for chlamydia in state veterinary laboratories for 2019–2021, as well as cases of positive results in the study of biological and pathological materials from animals, including birds. During the analyzed period, 2 750 726 samples of material from animals, including birds, were received by state veterinary laboratories for research on chlamydia, of which 2 645 605 (96,7 %) samples were examined by serological methods, specific antibodies were detected in 0,4 % of blood serum from animals (except birds). Positive results of serological tests require mandatory confirmation by methods of direct detection of chlamydia, their antigens, nucleic acids in biological material. The genetic material of chlamydia during polymerase chain reaction studies was detected in 1 % of samples of biological and pathological material from animals, including birds.
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Lebedev, G. S., I. A. Shaderkin, A. S. Tertychny, A. I. Shaderkina, E. O. Antsiferova, and N. A. Lebedeva. "Digital transformation of the pathological service as a way to improve the quality of medical care." Russian Journal of Telemedicine and E-Health 8, no. 1 (2022): 16–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29188/2712-9217-2022-8-1-16-40.
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Introduction. Pathology plays an essential and important role in diagnostic and choosing patients’ management strategies. The aim of our analytical article is to review opportunities of digital technologies applying to pathology with a focus on converges with clinical disciplines. Materials and methods. The search was conducted on Medline and Pubmed database and websites of laboratory equipment developers. Results. The emergence of a new direction – ‘digital pathology’, underlines a high interest of professional society in this theme. Nowadays there are enough solutions for each part of pathological workflow which provides development of fully digitalized pathological laboratories. In this article we present opportunities and perspectives of business-process organization from statements of objectives for pathologist, tissue collection, laboratory study to multidisciplinary analysis for further patients’ management based on opportunities of information technologies. Conclusion. Digital pathology is a transfer of all pathological routine workflow on digital platform which allows to unite efforts of clinicians, pathologists, public health organizers and patients. Separated blocks, which should constitute a united digital pathological platform, already exist and effort and time are required for full consolidation of all stages of pathological research.
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ALENCAR, CÍNTIA SOUSA. "A importância da biossegurança em laboratórios de anatomia patológica." RCMOS - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar O Saber 3, no. 1 (2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.51473/ed.al.v3i1.514.
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The concept of biosecurity and biosafety has been increasingly widespread and valued as the understanding of the professional’s responsibility, involved in activities that manipulate biological, chemical, physical and radioactive agents, is not limited only to actions to prevent risks derived from its specifi c activity, but also of all the people who, directly or indirectly, participate in that activity. In pathological anatomy laboratories, it is very important that professionals understand the distinction between these two terms and put them into practice for greater safety. It was observed, in general, that the existing legislation in force in our country is not very specifi c for laboratories that work with pathological anatomy (biopsies and cytology). When the focus is on biosafety, in addition to the normal care of good laboratory practices, specifi c procedures are required to minimize the risk of personal accidents and environmental contamination. It is up to our country to implement appropriate measures for professionals who deal with histotechnology, off ering them legal recognition through qualifi cation courses for technicians. Likewise, it is up to all managers involved in the health area to guide their professionals regarding the awareness of the daily practice of all aspects involved with biosecurity and biosafety.
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E. C., Chuku,, and Emiri, U. N. "Pathological Evaluation and Nutritional Composition of Golden Melon (Cucumis Melo)." Journal of Agricultural Studies 5, no. 4 (2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v6i3.13553.
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Studies on the pathological evaluation and nutritional composition of golden melon was carried out in the Plant Pathology and Food Science and Technology Laboratories in the Rivers State University. The freshly harvested fruits of the golden melon had high amount of moisture (58±0.04), sucrose, total solid, lipid with very low ash (0.56±0.00). Mineral composition analysis also revealed high amount of calcium (98.5±0.01), moderate quantity of potassium, and low amount of phosphorus (21.4±0.00). Vitamins A and C were also present in the fruits. Other components found were lactic acid and saponnins which occurred in minute quantities.Pathological evaluation of the associated fungi showed that five different fungi with varying degrees of incidence were associated with the spoilage of the fruits of golden melon. These fungi were Botrytis cinerea (60%), Aspergillus flavus(30%), Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tamari (5%) respectively while Muccor species recorded the highest incidence (70%). However, all the fungal isolates were found to be pathogenic causing soft rot characterized by oozing of water with offensive odour.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pathological laboratories"
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Morrison, James Ian. "Transformation in technology, organization and location : the case from the clinical laboratory system of British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25941.
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Multi-unit, multi-location organization is one of the most salient characteristics of contemporary enterprise. The transformation in the structure of enterprise from the independent, small-scale operation to the complex, multi-unit, multi-location system has been an integral part of wider societal change. Yet the current functioning of these systems and the processes underlying their transformation is not well understood. Particular deficiencies exist in our understanding of the relationship among the technology, organization and location of multi-unit enterprise.
A case study of transformation in the British Columbia laboratory system between 1954 and 1984 shows that the spatial and organizational structure of enterprise is not driven by any single variable and, in particular, technology is not the "prime mover" behind structural change.
The process of structural change is a synergistic one in which external environmental factors and strategic choice have a more dominant influence on transformation than does technology. Thus organizational and location options are not dictated, rather they are perceived and selected as a purposeful response to environmental conditions. This conclusion is reached from a critical evaluation of literature drawn from organization theory, decision-theory, cybernetics and the geography of enterprise; and from the case study.
In particular, it is shown that in the 1950s and early 1960s, strategic decisions were taken that resulted in relative decentralization of laboratory activity, organizationally (down the hospital hierarchy) and geographically (towards the periphery). These decisions were taken in response to the changing political, social and medical environment. But these decisions clearly predate the availability of technologies that might encourage such dispersion, indicating that technology is not a necessary and sufficient condition for structural change.
Technology can have an impact on the degree of centralization in multi-unit enterprise. In certain circumstances, the development and deployment of specific technologies coincides with a strategic decision to either centralize or decentralize activity. In such circumstances, equipment embodied technology can make a powerful contribution in transforming the relative centralization or decentralization of the system, but it does not determine the choice between centralized or decentralized. Rather, it amplifies the chosen direction.
These findings have policy and research implications for society, for the urban system, for enterprise, in general, and for the future of the clinical laboratory system of B.C., in particular.<br>Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies<br>Graduate
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Ngcwangu, Sakiwo. "Investigating a business model for implementing pathology services within the public sector." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1013368.
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As the business evolves, organisations are faced with challenges as today’s customers have changed, and demand a value for the products and services purchased. Customer satisfaction is a key factor to business excellence. The health sector and its service providers are faced with such demands, having to ensure customer satisfaction with limited resources. The aim of the study was to investigate a business model that could be implemented within the public sector to render pathology services. Particular reference was given to the National Health Laboratory Service as a provider of choice for rendering medical laboratory services within public health institutions and related departments. The data has been collected using a self constructed questionnaire which has been distributed to the NHLS centers within the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality. 45 percent of the employees, in the region took part in the survey. The study tested the perceptions of the respondents with respect to the business model, specifically the determinants of a business model and its effects. The results of the empirical study revealed that a relationship exists between the business model, its determinants and customer satisfaction. Correlation analysis was done between the business model, customer relation management, continuous improvement, talent management, business process reengineering and customer satisfaction. Conclusions and recommendations have been drawn from the study. The NHLS needs to change its approach to business, invest in people education, training and development, improve its communication strategies with customers and realign its processes in order to maintain business excellence and provide a better service within the public sector
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Georgiou, Andrew. "The organisational and communication implications of electronic ordering systems for hospital pathology services." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4653.
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Computerised Provider Order Entry (CPOE) systems provide clinicians with the ability to electronically enter hospital orders for laboratory tests and services. CPOE is able to integrate with hospital information systems and provide point of care decision support to users thereby making a potentially significant contribution to the efficiency and effectiveness of care delivery. The evidence of the impact of CPOE systems on pathology services is not extensive and insufficient attention has been paid to their effect on organisational and communication processes. This thesis aimed to investigate the implications of CPOE systems for pathology laboratories, their work processes and relationships with other hospital departments, using comparative examinations to identify the tasks they are involved in and the particular needs the laboratories expect to be filled by the new system. This longitudinal study of a CPOE system was carried out over three years using multiple cases from a hospital pathology service based at a large Sydney teaching hospital. Multi-methods using quantitative and qualitative data were employed to achieve triangulation of data, theory and methods. The findings provide evidence of a significant 14.3% reduction of laboratory turnaround times from 42 to 36 minutes when laboratory data for two months were compared before and after CPOE implementation. The findings also reveal changes in the pattern and organisation of information communication, highlighting transformations in the way that work is planned, negotiated and synchronised. These findings are drawn together in a comprehensive organisational communication framework that is highly relevant for developing a contingent and situational understanding of the impact of CPOE on pathology services.
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Georgiou, Andrew. "The organisational and communication implications of electronic ordering systems for hospital pathology services." University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4653.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Computerised Provider Order Entry (CPOE) systems provide clinicians with the ability to electronically enter hospital orders for laboratory tests and services. CPOE is able to integrate with hospital information systems and provide point of care decision support to users thereby making a potentially significant contribution to the efficiency and effectiveness of care delivery. The evidence of the impact of CPOE systems on pathology services is not extensive and insufficient attention has been paid to their effect on organisational and communication processes. This thesis aimed to investigate the implications of CPOE systems for pathology laboratories, their work processes and relationships with other hospital departments, using comparative examinations to identify the tasks they are involved in and the particular needs the laboratories expect to be filled by the new system. This longitudinal study of a CPOE system was carried out over three years using multiple cases from a hospital pathology service based at a large Sydney teaching hospital. Multi-methods using quantitative and qualitative data were employed to achieve triangulation of data, theory and methods. The findings provide evidence of a significant 14.3% reduction of laboratory turnaround times from 42 to 36 minutes when laboratory data for two months were compared before and after CPOE implementation. The findings also reveal changes in the pattern and organisation of information communication, highlighting transformations in the way that work is planned, negotiated and synchronised. These findings are drawn together in a comprehensive organisational communication framework that is highly relevant for developing a contingent and situational understanding of the impact of CPOE on pathology services.
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Marais, Brian. "Quantitative analysis of catecholamines and their metabolites in human urine by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry as a screening method for sympatho - adrenal tumors." Diss., 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02242009-104512.
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Moodley, Roxann. "A process evaluation of the clinical skills laboratory in a private nursing school (KZN)." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11407.
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Background: The Private Nursing School was founded in 1999 in Durban when the first nursing students started the Nursing program. In 2006 there was an upgrade to the Private Nursing School when a clinical skills laboratory was introduced to enhance the students’ clinical skills. The clinical skills laboratory was furnished with the equipment needed for demonstrations, role-plays and lectures to take place, and a need arose to evaluate the laboratory.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct a process evaluation to evaluate the clinical skills laboratory at the Private Nursing School with regard to the quality of equipment, satisfaction of the students and the efficiency of clinical facilitators.
Methodology: A process evaluation was conducted of the clinical laboratory, including a quantitative survey to evaluate the students’ satisfaction (n=97), a quantitative audit of the quality of the equipment, a review of the utilisation of the clinical skills laboratory and semi-structured interviews with the four clinical facilitators. Students from two years were purposively selected for the study as they made the most use of the clinical skills laboratory. Survey tools were developed by the researcher. Findings from the surveys and audits were described and Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney to compare satisfaction and beliefs of the students. Information from the clinical facilitator interviews were analysed for common themes on usage and satisfaction. Results: The students and facilitators reported overall satisfaction with the running of the clinical skills laboratory. The findings of the evaluation showed that the clinical laboratory was reaching the target groups with all students making use of the clinical skills laboratory for the purpose of viewing demonstrations, subjecting skills to assessment or practising skills. The students felt that learning did take place in the clinical skills laboratory with most of the students (94, 96.2%) reporting that knowledge was gained from demonstrations and practice. Almost two thirds of the students (59.8%) felt that the support from the clinical facilitators was beneficial to them. Some quality issues in terms of equipment were identified where damaged equipment could not be used by the support staff and facilitators stating that there was a need to improve the simulation experience for the students so that they can gain the much-needed practical and theoretical knowledge required for their stipulated course.
Conclusion: The clinical skills laboratory is functioning at a level that is satisfactory to the nursing students and the clinical facilitators. Future research should be conducted regarding the impact and outcomes of the clinical skills laboratory training on students’ ability to function in the clinical setting.<br>Thesis (M.N.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.
Books on the topic "Pathological laboratories"
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Nigon, Donna L. Within your reach: A manual for developing a laboratory outreach program. Clinical Laboratory Management Association, 1997.
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Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations., ed. How to meet the most frequently cited laboratory standards. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 1996.
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Parker, Philip M. Clinical laboratories in China: A strategic reference, 2006. Icon Group International, 2007.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. Oversight of implementation of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1988: Joint hearing before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources and the Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, second session ... March 9, 1990. U.S. G.P.O., 1990.
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States, United. An Act to amend the Public Health Service Act to revise the authority for the regulation of clinical laboratories. U.S. G.P.O., 1988.
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Office, Northern Ireland Audit, and Northern Ireland Assembly, eds. A review of pathology laboratories in Northern Ireland. Stationery Office, 2001.
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National Health Service in Scotland. Management Executive., ed. Accommodation for pathology services. HMSO, 1994.
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National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Clinical Center. The Clinical Pathology Department at the National Institutes of Health. Clinical Center, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, 1994.
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Great Britain. Health Services Advisory Committee. Safety in health service laboratories: The labelling, transport, and reception of specimens. Health and Safety Commission, 1986.
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Dias-Teixeira, Mónica, Valentina Domingues, Ana Dias-Teixeira, Teresa Teles, and Cristina Delerue-Matos. "Risk of Exposure to Formaldehyde in Pathological Anatomy Laboratories." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41929-9_35.
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Overfield, Joyce. "Samples and sample collection." In Biomedical Science Practice. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198831228.003.0006.
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This chapter describes the range of samples and the procedures for their collection. Blood and other tissues, and body fluids can be tested in clinical laboratories to aid in preventing, diagnosing, and treating diseases and disorders. A variety of analytical techniques are used, which are being continually developed and improved in terms of accuracy and ease of use by biomedical scientists. Samples for clinical testing include whole blood, plasma, serum, urine, and faeces for chemical and cellular analyses; tissues and curettings, which are scrapings of tissues, for histological examination to identify pathological changes; and swabs may be taken from various parts of the body for microbiological culture. The quality assurance in obtaining samples for testing by clinical laboratories includes correctly identifying patients, obtaining samples using correct procedures, meticulous labelling of samples and request forms, adhering to health and safety procedures, and being aware of standard operating procedures (SOP) for sample processing.
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"Cognitive ergonomics A qualitative approach to ergonomic risk existing in pathological anatomy laboratories." In Occupational Safety and Hygiene. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b14391-16.
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Minic, Rajna, and Irena Zivkovic. "Optimization, Validation and Standardization of ELISA." In ELISA Test-Perspectives and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94338.
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The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a commonly used analytical immunochemistry assay based on the specific bond between the antigen and the antibody. The application of this test has significantly changed the practice of medical laboratories in which it is used for detection and quantification of molecules such as hormones, peptides, antibodies, and proteins. Various technical variants of this test can detect antigen (native or foreign) or antibody, determine the intensity of the immune response whether pathological or not; the type of induced immune response as well as the innate immunity potential; and much more. These capabilities, as well as the high sensitivity and robustness of the test and a small price, make it possible to quickly and reliably diagnose diseases in most laboratories. Besides, ELISA is a test that is also used in veterinary medicine, toxicology, allergology, food industry, etc. Despite the fact that it has existed for almost 50 years, different ELISA tests with different technical solutions are still being developed, which improves and expands the application of the this exceptional test. The aim of this chapter is to empower the rider to optimize, standardize and validate an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.
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Rahimunnisa, K., V. Aparna, R. K. Harrini, and K. Kamalini. "Quantification of Blood Cells and Blood Disease Detection Using Image Processing." In Recent Trends in Intensive Computing. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/apc210283.
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RBC (Red Blood Cells) and WBC (White Blood Cells) are the main constituents of blood. WBC fight infections by attacking bacteria and viruses, that invade the body, while RBC transports oxygen in the body. Many blood diseases can be detected using RBC and WBC count values. Immunity-related blood diseases like Leukopenia and Leukocytosis can be easily detected using the WBC count value. The manual counting method of blood cells in laboratories takes at least one day to get the blood results, which becomes a major drawback for healthcare sectors to diagnose the disease at the right time. More expensive pathological tests are also a major drawback. Accurate counting of blood cells is essential in the accurate diagnosis of the disease. The proposed system is used to calculate the RBC and WBC Count, Total blood Count, RBC and percentage and the blood disease (Leukocytosis, Leukopenia) from the input blood smear image. This will help laboratories to perform the counting of blood cells with high accuracy and less workload. This is achieved by pre-processing that involves grayscale conversion, image enhancement, noise removal, binary conversion of input image, followed by plane extraction and threshold-based Segmentation. The blood disease (Leukocytosis and Leukopenia) is detected using WBC percentage-based classification methodology. This approach obtained an accuracy of 98.4%, specificity of 88.889%, precision of 99.58%, F - Measure of 99.50%. Morphological operations are implemented using MATLAB software.
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Samant, Mukesh, Satish Chandra Pandey, and Anupam Pandey. "Impact of Hazardous Waste Material on Environment and Their Management Strategies." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3126-5.ch011.
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Hazardous waste has emerged as an issue of major concern that has negative impact both on human health as well as on the environment. Hazardous and infectious agents are handled in daily routine in biomedical laboratories. Their effects are increasing continuously in the environment. Hazardous waste includes solid, liquid, sharp and pathological waste. Workers in hospitals and health care, agricultural and fishing occupations are at particular risk of exposure to hazardous biological agents. Recently, more systematic and strict steps have taken by the Indian government regarding the public concern to prevent the proliferation of hazardous waste and its improper disposal. However, management of waste are still not well promoted. So, to intercept the build-up of biohazards into the environment, waste from biohazardous operations must be disposed or treated appropriately in a special way and it also intends to create awareness amongst the personnel involved in these sectors to develop and implement hazardous waste management and mitigation strategies.
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Morini, L., M. Moretti, and C. Carelli. "Markers of Alcohol Use." In Perspectives and Challenges of Hair Analysis. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781837671946-00170.
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Nowadays, hair analysis of alcohol biomarkers represents part of the routine workflow for many laboratories involved in clinical and forensic toxicology. In particular, ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), namely ethyl myristate, ethyl palmitate (EtPa), ethyl oleate and ethyl stearate, have been extensively studied in the last 20 years, as potential markers for the diagnosis of repeated alcohol consumption. To date, a continuative consumption of 60 g of pure alcohol or above per day is considered a potentially hazardous drinking behaviour. Two different thresholds have been recently chosen by the Society of Hair Testing (SoHT) for both hEtG and EtPa; the lower cut-off (5.0 pg mg−1 for hEtG and 120 pg mg−1 for EtPa) aims to discriminate abstinence or occasional use from repeated alcohol consumption, while the higher concentration (30.0 pg mg−1 for hEtG and 350.0 pg mg−1 for EtPa) is suggested for the diagnosis of chronic excessive alcohol consumption. hEtG may be influenced by many factors, such as washout effects, cosmetic treatments, and pathological conditions, thus requiring an adequate interpretation. On the other hand hFAEEs are mainly affected by several hair products that lead to false positive results. Finally, cocaethylene (CE) is still a reliable marker of alcohol use among cocaine users.
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Martin, Adriana, and Surendrasingh Chhabada. "Intracardiac, Pulmonary, and Venous Pressures." In Basic Anesthesia Review, edited by Alaa Abd-Elsayed. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197584569.003.0270.
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Abstract Intravascular and intracardiac pressure measurements are routinely performed in intensive care units, operating rooms, and catheterization laboratories. Throughout the cardiac cycle there are pressure changes in all the heart chambers. It is important to know the normal values and pressure waveforms, so one can easily identify pathological processes where these values are abnormally increased or decreased. Central venous access can provide right-sided filling pressure values, and pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) can help estimate left-sided filling pressures via pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). The central venous pressure (CVP) waveform consists of three peaks and two descends. Each of these components represents an event in the cardiac cycle and will be affected by numerous pathologies. The clinical use of CVP to estimate preload and fluid responsiveness has been a topic of debate and should not be used alone when making clinical decisions. Pulmonary artery catheters can indirectly provide estimation of left-sided pressures and left ventricle preload. The use of PAC has been questioned due to risk of severe complications like pulmonary artery rupture, pulmonary infarct, and arrhythmias. Because of that, this type of monitoring is only indicated in patients with severe pathologies where the data provided by the catheter can aid in making important clinical decisions.
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Metz, Soraya Katine Garcia, Vinicius Thiago Pereira, Araceli Scalcon, and Claudinei Luiz Saibert. "Innovative formulation containing tocotrienol: A proposal for a food supplement." In GLOBAL HEALTH TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES IN HEALTH SCIENCES. Seven Editora, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/globalhealthprespesc-009.
Full textAbstract:
The global population aging trend has been studied for more than 30 years. Data indicate that the Brazilian population of elderly will be larger than that of young people by the year 2050. In the United States this phenomenon has also been observed. The human biological system most affected with aging is the central nervous system, resulting in the decrease of neurons and loss of nerve conduction velocity, limitations in motor areas and incidence of pathological events related to advancing age. In this context, science has pointed out the effectiveness of the consumption of Vitamin E and its isoforms (tocotrienols) in neuroprotection, being effective in the prevention and treatment of senile diseases. Thus, the present work aims to propose an innovative formulation containing tocotrienol of annatto (Bixa orellana) to be consumed as a food supplement. Through a bibliographic survey and online market research, the supplements containing tocotrienol available to the consumer were evaluated. These supplements, for the most part, are presented for consumption in the form of soft gel. From this study, it was possible to define a proposal for a theoretical formulation in the form of an orodispersible tablet, which was tested in the pharmacotechnical laboratories of the Biopark, enabling the elaboration of a prototype of an innovative product. As a result, it was possible to obtain samples of the product with the possibility of being marketed in the American market, where dietary supplements are sold freely in supermarkets and pharmacies.
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Davis, Julian R. E. "Hyperprolactinaemic anovulation." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.0846.
Full textAbstract:
Prolactin is a polypeptide hormone, named from its well-known effects to promote lactation. It is essential for successful reproduction in man and mammals, although it is known to have a wide variety of nonreproductive effects whose clinical significance remains uncertain. Hyperprolactinaemia, reflecting sustained overproduction of lactin by the pituitary, is relatively common in the population. The commonest cause is the use of drugs that have dopamine D2 receptor antagonist activity (e.g. antipsychotic agents such as phenothiazines), pregnancy and lactation are the commonest physiological causes, and short-term acute stress, such as the anxiety provoked by blood sampling, is also a frequent cause of transient rises in serum prolactin that may be misinterpreted and necessitate a second confirmatory blood sample. Pathological pituitary causes of hyperprolactinaemia may reflect a functioning pituitary prolactinoma, but in many cases no adenoma is detectable on scanning, in which case the condition is termed idiopathic or nontumoral hyperprolactinaemia. The typical clinical features that suggest hyperprolactinaemia are those of galactorrhoea and oligo-/amenorrhoea. Weight gain has been reported in hyperprolactinaemic women, as has insulin resistance. Serum prolactin levels are readily measured by most clinical biochemistry laboratories, and prolactin levels should be measured on more than one occasion, with persistent unexplained hyperprolactinaemia requiring evaluation. Patients with hyperprolactinaemia may require treatment for various reasons, including restoration of ovulatory function, maintenance of adequate oestrogenization, suppression of galactorrhoea, or reduction in size of a mass lesion. Depending on the presentation and underlying cause, there are several treatment options; the main current treatment option is dopamine agonist therapy, surgery and (rarely) radiotherapy are also used in the treatment of prolactinomas.
Conference papers on the topic "Pathological laboratories"
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Leite, Izabel Feitosa da Mata, Adelina Mouta Moreira Neto, Guilherme de Aguiar Moraes, Lucas Cardoso Siqueira Albernaz, and Matheus de Campos Medeiros. "Neuro-Behçet’s Syndrome: case report." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.209.
Full textAbstract:
Context: Behçet’s Disease (BD) is a multisystem chronic disorder characterized by perivasculitis within several tissues, including the Central Nervous System – Neuro-Behçet’s Disease, which accounts for 3 – 9 % of the BD patients. Neuro- Behçet’s Syndrome may present as brainstem or pyramidal syndromes, myelopathies, meningoencephalitis, intracranial hypertension and movement or psychiatric disorders. The objective of the present work is to report a case of Neuro-Behçet’s Disease, a rare and disabling disorder. Case report: 24-year-old male presenting focal neurological deficits – hemiparesis on the right side and motor aphasia, associated with unstoppable hiccups and visual blurring. His previous pathological history featured several self-limiting episodes of the same neurological presentation, as well as acute exacerbations of oral and genital ulcers. Erythema Nodosum and Folliculitis were his main skin lesions. The ophthalmological evaluation showed bilateral cicatricial chorioretinitis. Laboratorial diagnostic procedures revealed left shift leukocytosis, high ESR, high protein level in the CSF and negative serology for B and C hepatitis, HTLV, HIV and toxoplasmosis. P-ANCA, C-ANCA, ANA and Rheumatoid factor were all found negative. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the brain showed multiple oval- shaped T2- hyperintensity foci, with adjacent vasogenic edema, in the brainstem and basal ganglia areas – suggesting vasculitis. Treatment involved pulse therapy with Methylprednisolone, followed by Azathioprine and Prednisone. The patient has had full recovery and no other relapses. Conclusions: This case illustrates the importance of investigating Neuro-Behçet’s Disease in patients with neurological symptoms and oral/genital ulcers. The goal is to establish adequate and early treatment to improve the quality of life.